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高考阅读简答题专题指导
邵阳市二中 尹子武 08-4-8
高考阅读简答题专题指导
08-4-8
课前一练
Practice before class
题型分析解读
1、猜测词义类
★Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word.
opposite
★Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the phrase “ falling trees to clear the land.”
phrase
---------- Deforestation
2、具体事实细节类
Why When Where Who How What ……
3.文章的主旨大意或标题类
＊What’s the title of the whole passage
＊What’s the main idea of the whole passage
＊What’s the passage mainly concerned with
＊What can be concluded/learned from the passage
＊What’s the main idea of the fourth paragraph
3、作者的写作意图和态度类
＊What does the author think of the taxi driver
＊How does the author like the taxi driver
＊How does the author find ……
＊According to Paragraph 3 , what’s the author in favor of
＊What’s the tone of the passage
＊ What can we infer from the passage
＊What does the passage imply about ……
答题要求和评分标准
简答题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上，用正确简洁的语言回答问题。在评分时同时考虑内容和语言。
给分标准
2分---— 答出全部内容，语言正确；1分---— 答出部分内容，语言正确。
扣分标准
1、语言错误扣0.5分，每题语言错误扣分不超过0.5分（标点和大小写错误忽略不计）。
2、整句原封不动照搬，扣0.5分。
3、所给答案超过规定词数扣0.5分。
Check the answers of the practice before class
常见错误例析
-----You’ve found the source of the answer but you make grammar or spelling mistakes or you don’t meet the requirements.
1.Find a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “ angling ”.
------ moved
2.habitants------ residence
3.optional ------ choice
4.reluctance ------ unwilling
5.and his step faltered ------ shaky
Moving.
Residents.
Alternative.
Unwillingness.
Trembled.
B.1.How did the writer feel about the way he treated his children (不超过六词）
------ He feel shame for himself.
(source : I want to tell him of my shame …)
--------- He felt ashamed of himself.
2.When should you change your lifestyle？（不超过六词）
---------40 or 45.
--------- At 40 or 45.
3.Where was the mummy first noticed by Tommy (不超过三个词）
-------- The museum.
------- In the museum.
4.Which do you think may be the most ideal way for people in both countries （不超过八个词）
--------- Work in London and live in France.
-------- Working ……. Living…..
5.Why does Terry use the suntan lotion
(不超过10个词）
------- Protecting his skin.
------- He is in the sun all day.
------To protect his skin.
------Because he is ……...
6.What’s the tone of the passage (不超过10个词）
------- Admire.
-------Admiring/Admiration.
7.What made Mrs. Black so annoyed （不超过8个词）
------- All her roses has been stolen.
8.In the author’s opinion, what should people do when they experience disappointments （不超过6个词）
-------- Use disappointment as an opportunity for growth.
------All her roses having been stolen.
------ That all her roses had been stolen.
____________
opportunities
应试方法与技巧
1、怎样找同义词------ 联系上下文，利用猜词法，构词法和分析所划单词本身词性、词形以及其前后搭配，确定划线单词意义，然后做出选择。
A.根据构词法（词根、前缀、后缀、合成词）
1) A long car can be nightmare. The driver…but for the other occupants of the car,…
Passengers.
2)Cohabiting couples are twice as likely to break up as married couples.
Living together without being married.
3)Waterfronts ------
Shorelines
4)Stockpile -------
Storage
B.根据上下文。
1.He would take over the care and feeding of the couple’s 4 children, plus all household cores…sharing the child-raising and household tasks with Pat.
2.I was feeling particularly weary —— My legs were aching and my back hurts…
Tired
3.We should try to reform the evaluating criteria, namely the assessing standards of the students.
4.With schools cutting back on PE classes —— and some eliminating them altogether……More schools are reducing or stopping their PE programs.
C.背记一些常见的同义词
crucial--- vital / essential /significant / critical
deceive--- cheat decisive --- dominant
proportion --- rate spectators --- audience
frustrated --- discouraged suspect --- doubt
address --- speech reliable --- dependable
…………（见总汇）
2.怎样缩写长句以符合规定词数
1.把定语从句改为非谓语动词或介词短语或名词做定语。
--- What kind of students can succeed (不超过7词）
--- Those who are always working hard and have proper ways of studying often succeed.
Those working hard with proper studying ways.
2.把状语从句改为非谓语动词
Some new regulations have been worked out in order that the students’ time for exercise will be guaranteed.
---- Why have some new regulations been worked out ( 不超过6 词 ）
---To guarantee students’ exercise time.
3.把主动语态变为被动语态或反之。
4.省略定、状、补
More than a half – million volunteers are taking part in an international movement to comb the shorelines of the world for cigarette butts, bottle caps and any other rubbish they can find.
----- What’s the main idea of the passage
( 不超过6 个词 ）
Volunteers are combing the word’s shorelines.
5.将of 所有格改成 s’ 所有格。
3.怎样确定主题或标题
1）遵守三条原则：
概括性原则 —— 最大程度上覆盖全文。
针对性原则 —— 直指主要内容，外延适度。
醒目性原则 —— 短小精炼，多为短语。
2）找主题句 —— 通常都在第一段段首或最后一段，且常常首尾呼应。有时是一个疑问句。常具有语法上的独立性。（Try to find the main idea of Passage 2 )
3) 主题前标志性的关键词（组）有：
The survey shows that…
It can be concluded that…
…believe/ think/ argue/ that…
In short/ conclusion/ general/ all/ their opinion…
Here are some tips for …
……,but……
4）对主题句做手术， 确定最佳答案
5）注意标题和主题的区别
＊A wooden bowl.
＊Take care of the old —— you’ll be old , too.
4.背记一些表作者意图或态度的词
appreciative opposite prejudice passive
suspicious approval injustice active
disapproval indifferent sensitive guilty
neutral critical sensible complaint
compliment admiring passionate hatred
optimistic pessimistic affectionate ashamed
subjective objective cruel guilty
helpful considerate envy favorable
flattering supportive satire jealous
content positive negative regretful
Thank you !
