book 6 unit 1 grammar 虚拟

(共131张PPT)
If he weren’t addicted to QQ games,
he would make greater progress in his studies.
What would happen if he were not addicted to QQ game
The Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气
在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语语气有三种：
语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
②祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。 Please be careful. 请细心点。
①陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 There are two sides to every question.
③虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
May you succeed! 祝您成功！
I wish you were more careful. 但愿你更细心些。
例句观察：
1 If someone gave you a valuable painting as a present, what would you do with it
2 If you became the head of the United Nations, what would you do first
3 If you travelled anywhere in the world,where would you go and what would you do
5
4
(the present)
与现在事实相反：
If + 主语 + did (were),主语+ would/
could/
might + V.
What would you do if you
were a teacher
If I ____a teacher, I….
were
a. If they ____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice.
b. If the world-war _____ (burst) out again, what _____________ (happen) to our people on earth
were
would take
burst
would happen
PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.
c. If the policeman ________ (be not) in that room, it ________ (be) very dangerous.
d. If I ____ (be) in your position, I _________ (ask) for teacher’s help.
were not
could be
were
would ask
5
例句观察：
1If someone gave you a valuable painting as a present, what would you do with it
2 If you were to become the head of the United Nations, what would you do first
3 If you should travel anywhere in the world,where would you go and what would you do
(the future)
should
were to do
与将来事实相反：（有时间状语）
If + 主语 + did(were) , 主语 + would/
could/
might
should+ do
If I had a lot of money ,
I would/should /could /might……
将要
能够
可能
应该
If I had a lot of money , I might
save it in a bank, because I want
more.
2.What would you do if you won the lottery
If I won the lottery, I would…
a. If there ________ (be) no natural resource any more, we ___________ (make) use of nuclear power .
b. What ____________ (happen) if you ____________ (get up) too late tomorrow
should be
should make
would happen
should get up
PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks
c. If Robots _____________ (control) the world some day, here ________ (be) no friendship.
were to control
would be
假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？
If he were to come, what should we say to him.
假如他看见我, 就会认识我。
If he should see me, he would know me.
5
例句观察：
1 If someone had given you a valuable painting as a present, what would you have done with it
2 If you had become the head of the United Nations, what would you have done first
3 If you had travelled anywhere in the world,where would you have gone and what would you have done
(the past)
与过去事实相反：
If + 主语 + had done, 主语+ would/
could/
might + have done
If I ____________busy last night,
I _____________ to see the
film with you .
had not been
would have gone
If he __________ more carefully, he _________________ the car accident yesterday.
had driven
would not have had
If I ________ how to swim,
I __________________ trapped in this island.
had learnt
would not have been
a. If Tom ________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ________________ (pass) it already.
b. If you _______ (get) up earlier, you ________________ (catch) the first train.
had been
would have passed
had got
would have caught
PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.
c. If I _______ (meet) you yesterday, we ______________ (go) to the concert together.
had met
would have gone
　　 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
if
真实条件句（条件状语从句）
虚拟语气
What will you do if
it rains tomorrow
I will stay at home surfing on the Internet.
We will have music lesson instead of PE in the classroom if it _______(rain) tomorrow.
真实条件句
rains
注意：
如果表示一个事实，则不用虚拟语气
He looks as if he____ill
（他真的是病了）
It seems as if it ____going to rain.　
真要下雨了
is
is
were + 主语 + 其它
should
had
如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒装成：
were I you, I would try it again.
Were he free, he would go with you.
Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.
Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.
If I were you, I would try it again.
If he were free, he would go with you.
If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.
If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.
三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：
1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。
If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.
过去
现在
过去
现在
错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。动词的虚拟形式要根据时间做出相应的调整. e.g. If she hadn’t studied hard, she wouldn’t speak so well.
If he __ his legs yesterday, he __ with us now.
A.hadn’t hurt ; would go
B.hadn’t hurt; would have gone
C.didn’t hurt; would go
D.didn’t hurt; would have gone
√
17
19
21
如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。
If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.
假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
review:
1. If I ______ (know) her address, I would write to her.
2. What would you have done if you __________(miss) the train
3. If he ___________ (not be ill ), he would have done something.
4. If it ________________________(snow) tomorrow, we ____________(get up) early.
5. If you had asked him yesterday, you __________ (know) what to do now.
knew
had missed
had not been ill
were to /should snow/ snowed
should get up
would know
snows
will get up
period 2
1.如果你早来5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。
If you _______ here five minutes earlier，you
_______________ the bus .
2.如果我现在不忙，我就来帮你了。
If I ____ not busy, I _________ you now.
3.如果明天下雪了，我们怎么办？
What _____ we do if it _____________
tomorrow
had got
were
would help
should
were to snow
would have caught
4.If it ___________________________(rain) tomorrow,we ________________(not go out).
5.______(be) I in good health, I __________
(go) with you tomorrow.
eg. Had you told me earlier, I could have done something.
Should anyone call, tell him to call in the afternoon.
Were to rain/should rain/rained
Were
Would not go
Would go
I wish I were as tall as you.
I wish every day were my birthday.
I wish / wished I hadn’t
eaten so much watermelon.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
现在：did/were
过去：had done
未来：would/might +v.
一、宾从：
主+ wish that +sb.
“要是------就好了”/ 但愿------
If only
1 If only he knew we miss him.
2 If only I had read the book on the reading list before I attended the lecture.
3 If only she hadn’t told him about it, everything would have been all right.
I wish I hadn’t lost it
=If only I hadn’t lost it.
I wish I knew the answer.
=
If only I knew the answer.
=If only the rain would stop.
I wish the rain would stop.
Step 1 Warming –up (热身运动）
Everyone makes a wish
It is said that a falling star could let your dream come true. If you saw a falling star, what wishes would you make
I wish ______
I wish
I were a bird and could fly in the sky and view the whole city.
I wish (that) every day
were my birthday and I could have nice cakes to eat.
He is not a pilot, but he wishes he______ (be).
I wish I ___________(meet)him yesterday.
I wish it __________(be) fine tomorrow.
He ordered the work _________________
(start) at once.
5. I’d rather you _________(stay) at home all day today.
were
had met
would be
(should ) be started
stayed
我希望她能站在我一边。
我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
I wish she would be on my side.
I wish I were 30 years younger.
要是今天是星期天就好了。
If only it were Sunday today.
要是我没有丢掉我的车就好了。
If only I ____________my car.
hadn’t lost
巧记： ( I drop caps )
宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即
1). insist 2). order, command
3). advise, suggest, propose
4). demand , require, request, desire
eg.
They insisted that he get a haircut.
宾从二：
主语+ insist + that +主+(should)+ v.
suggestion, advice, requirement, order, proposal
The ___________ that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
Everybody obeyed his _______ that they
stay there still.
The ____________ that all the applicants should speak three language is too high.
I do wish he would take your ______ that he stay in bed for some time to recover.
suggestion
order
requirement
advice
用下列单词填空
如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
例：他坚持认为他做对了。
He insisted that he had done right.
His expression suggests that he was not happy.
特例：
I insisted that the slaves_____(set)
free .
比较：
He insisted that he ___right.
（坚决要求）
（坚持某种观点、主张）
was
should be set
1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____(obey)the rules.
2.He insisted that she______(be)seriously ill and that _________(send) to hospitals at once.
3.He suggested that we________(have) a meeting at once.
4.His pale face suggested that he______(be) ill.
obey
was
be sent
have
was
The student insisted that he _____(be) all right and _______ (refuse) to go to the clinic.
The lawyer suggested that his client _____
_______ (ask) his boss for compensation for the accident.
His _____________ (disappoint) look suggested that he ___________ (fail) to pass the test.
I insist he _____________ (not choose) as a team member on account of his small size.
was
refused
should
ask
disappointed
had failed
not be chosen
坚持说;坚持认为(陈述语气)
建议 (虚拟语气)
暗示;表明( 陈述语气)
失望的表情
坚持要求(虚拟语气)
不同情况要区别对待!
1. I ______________ (come)too if I had time to spare.
2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ________________ (come), she would have met my brother.
3. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there______________________ (be)more deaths.
should come
had come
would have been
现在：过去
过去：过去完成
未来：过去
宾从三：
主’d+ rather + 主+ did +其它
例：I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
比较：主’d rather + do.
例：I’d rather rent the house.
我宁愿你马上把信寄掉。
I would rather you______ (pay) me now.
I would rather you __________(go), too.
Don’t come. I would rather you _____(come) tomorrow.
paid
had gone
came
主从:(惊奇，不相信，理应如此）
It is + important + that + 主+ (should) + v.
necessary
natural
strange
surprising
right
It is important that every student should be good at a foreign language.
每个学生擅长一们外语是很重要的。
It is natural that he should think so.
他这样想是很自然的。
1. It is strange that he _____________(make)
such a mistake. That’s unexpected.
(necessary,important,impossible,natural,
surprising,a pity etc.)
2. It was required that each student ________
(bring) enough food on the trip.
(ordered,suggested,demanded,desired, etc.)
(should) make
bring
同位从/表从:（建议，命令）
insist + 同位语从句
/ 表从
demand
suggestion
requirement
order
plan
idea
proposal
My suggestion is that we should visit the exhibition right away.
That afternoon came the order that we should cross the river.
我的建议是我们应马上参观展览。
那天下午传来命令，我们要过河。
Presently he made the suggestion that they
________________ (carry on)their conver-
sation in French.
(should) carry on
目的状从:
主+in order that+主+ + v.
may/might
can/could
so that
We got up so early that we could catch the train on time.
He is not a pilot, but he wishes he ______ (be).
I wish I ___________(meet)him yesterday.
I wish it __________(be) fine tomorrow.
He ordered the work _________________ (start) at once.
5. I’d rather you _________(stay) at home all day today.
were
had met
would be
( should ) be started
stayed
6. It is strange that he _____________ (make) such a mistake. That’s unexpected.
7. It was required that each student ________ (bring) enough food on the trip.
8. My demand is that you _____________ (get )up at six.
9. He speaks as if he ___________(be) an Englishman.
10. They talked as if they _____________ (be) good friends for years.
should make
bring
(should) get
were
had been
should +v.
“shoud 不能省”
(about/ hight)
“该做------的时候了”
1.It’s time + that + 主语+ did + 其它
eg. It is time that we should stop work and go home.
It is time that we stopped work and went home.
It’s time that we went to bed.
你该走了。
我们该去睡觉了。
It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you should go.
It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed.
2.含蓄条件句: “要不是------” Without / But for---
We couldn’t have done the work well without your help.→
If you hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have done it well.
没有你（们）的帮助，我们本不能做好这项工作。
Without Party leading, we couldn’t succeeded.--→
If Party hadn’t led us, we couldn’t have succeeded.
没有党的领导，我们本不可能成功。
用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由with, without, but for等。
Without sunlight, people’s life _______different from today.
But for your help, I ___________finished the work.
Without your help, I _________failed.
But for water, it _______impossible to live in the desert.
would be
wouldn’t have
would have
would be
I remember the whole thing as though.....
I remember the whole thing as though it were yesterday.
He talks about Rome as though he
had been there himself.
He looks at me as if I were a stranger.
He sounds as if he had a cold.
He speaks as if he had really been there.
as if/though sb had done sth (表过去)
Even if/though did/were (表现在)
would/could +v.(表将来)
He speaks as if he ______ an Englishman .
They are talking as if they _________ old friends for many years.
It looks as if it __going to rain .
He opens his mouth as if he ______to say something .
were
had been
is
wants
含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格结构）
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句）
5.用在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句中。
If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.
If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
6. 用于“may＋动词原形”表示“祝愿……”，may须置于句首。
May you succeed!
May you be happy!
7. 表示委婉语气的句型中。
It would be better for you not to do that.
Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station.
need "不必做"和"本不该做"
didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.
needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题 　There was plenty of time. She ___. A. mustn‘t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried　　C. must not hurry　 D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而实际上不必要。
mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）
D
例1 、If I were you, I to the cinema with her.(96)
A. went B. have been
C. had been D. would go
【分析】 通过if从句中谓语动词“I were”可判断出，该句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。主句用“would+动词原形”。故选答案D。
D、试题详解
例2 The doctor proposed that my brother his right hand.(97)
avoid to use B. should avoid to use
C. avoid using D. avoided using
【分析】 该题有两个考点，一是propose后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气动词形式，二是avoid一词后要用动名词作宾语。故选C。
【分析】 It is(high)time that…这一句型用虚拟语气动词形式用动词的过去式，表示“提醒”或“催促”等意。故选D。
例3 It is time we .(98)
A. start B. to start
C. starting D. started
例4 Had you not helped me with my English, I to pass the final examination.
A. might fail B. might have failed
C. shall fail D. would fail
【分析】 当if从句中有were, should和had等词时，可以省略if， 同时把were, should, had放到主语前面形式倒装。从句中的had…not helped表明该句是与过去事实相反的假设，因此要选B。
1. ____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. Had it not been D. If they have not
2. Our teacher insisted that we ____ in class.
A. no talk B. don’t talk
C. could not talk D. should not talk
E.Exercises
3. It is suggested that the experiment _____ made in another way .
A .be B. must be C.may be D. would be
4. It’s time you ____ home and I’d rather you _____ again tomorrow .
A should go ; will come B. went ; came
C. were going; would come D. go; were coming
5. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed , he would not suffer so much now .
lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
6. You didn’t let me drive . If we ____ in turn , you _____ so tired .
A. drove ; didn’t get B drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving ; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got
7. His doctor suggested that he____ a short trip abroad .
will take B. would take C. take D. took
8. I enjoyed the movie very much . I wish I
_____ the book from which it was made .
A. have read B. had read
C. should have read D. am reading
9.--What will you do during winter vacation
--- I don’t know, but it’s about time ___ sth.
A I decided B. I’ll decide
C. I’d decided D. I’m deciding
10. I do ____ I could give you a hand .
A. hope B. wish C. expect D. think
11. I would rather she __ tomorrow than today.
A. come B. came
C. should come D. has come
12. It’s necessary that you ___ be present at the meeting.
A. should B. could
C. may D. will
13. I can’t stand him . He always talks as though he _____ everything .
knew B. knows
C.has known D. had known
Even if he _______(be) here, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Without air, there __________ (be) no living things.
But for your help, I _________ _________ (not, do) it.
If only I ____________(take) his advice, but I didn’t.
were
would be
couldn’t have done
had taken
5. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _________________ (come) to the meeting.
6. Look at the clock! It’s (high) time we _______________(go) home.
would have come
went/should go
虚拟语气
[练习]
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)
2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)
3. If I were you, I would go at once.
假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
虚拟语气
3. I wish (that) you would get a good job.
4. He wished he hadn't done it.
5. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中
我希望你能找到一个好职业。
他想要是他没这样做该多好。
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
虚拟语气
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中
虚拟语气
在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
[练习]
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
虚拟语气在 在主语从句中
虚拟语气
二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
Should he fail in the experiment…
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
虚拟语气
三、错综时间的条件句
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：
判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气：
If we could finish our work earlier
we shall go to the cinema.
2. The doctor suggests that she will not smoke.
3. I wish that it is true.
4. Had you put on more clothes, you would not catch a cold.
shall 改成 should
will not 改成 ( should ) not
is 改成 were
would not catch 改成 would not have caught
an Admission Notice of Beijing University
高考重点
1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况， 从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。
上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。
Notes
1.不是所有的条件句都用虚拟语气
2.虚拟语气中常用were代替was
3.虚拟语气的倒装语序
4.错综时间条件句
Blackboard Design
Grammar- The Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）
were might buy
If If I had been rich, I might have bought that house.
were to might buy
Suggest I suggest that we ( should ) start at once.
Wish He wishes he hadn’t done that thing yesterday.
It is necessary that we (should) clean the room.
If only If only I were ten years younger now.
It is time (that ) you got up (should get up) .
Were I you( = If I were you), I would get up ---
Without air(=If there were no air), there would be
May you succeed !