牛津英语模块8 unit 2 语言点归纳
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| 名称 | 牛津英语模块8 unit 2 语言点归纳 |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 34.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2008-05-01 00:17:00 | ||
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模块8 unit 2 语言点归纳
Welcome to the unit
1．end n. v.
课本句：Jazz started in the USA at the end of the 19th century .
This latest injury must surely mean that her tennis career is now at an end (= finished).
He met his end (= died) in a shoot-out with the police.
The teams change ends at half-time so that neither side has an unfair advantage.
The match ended in a draw.
I’d like to end with a song from my first album.
She ended her speech on an optimistic note.
stories with happy endings. an endless supply of money.
in the end come to an end put an end to sth
make sb’s hair stand on end end up
2. A piano has strings inside, but it is part of the percussion family, along with drums.
part
To be parted from him even for two days made her sad.
part with sth.
I was going to give away her old baby clothes, but I couldn’t bring myself to part with them.
in part在某种程度上
take part in
play a part
to help to achieve something: 起作用
My thanks to everyone who has played a part in saving the hospital.
The most important thing about cotton in
history is______ part that it played in
_______Industrial Revolution. (2004 重庆)
A.不填；不填 B. the；不填
C. the ;the D. a; the
2) along with
along with sb./sth.
in addition to someone or something else: 以及
California, along with Florida and Hawaii, is among the most popular US tourist destinations.
Professor Smith, along with his assistants,______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (2005 上海)
A. work B. working
C. is working D. are working
Reading
1. It starred some of the world’s greatest opera singers. (P18) 几位世界顶级歌剧演唱家担当主演。
star
noun [C]
a very famous, successful and important person, especially a performer such as a musician, actor or sports player: 明星
a rock/movie/football star
Kids wanting to be stars come to Hollywood from all over America.
verb [I + preposition; T] (-rr-)
If a film, play, etc. stars someone, or if someone stars in a film, play, etc., they are the main person in it: 主演
Fowles’s novel ‘The French Lieutenant’s Woman’ was turned into a film starring Meryl Streep.
2. In order to avoid marriage, she says that any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or die. (P18) 为了不出嫁，她说任何想要成为他的丈夫的人必须猜中三道谜语，否则就要被处死。
avoid
verb [T]
to stay away from someone or something, or prevent something from happening or not allow yourself to do something: 避免
I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays—they’re always so busy.
[+ ing form of verb] I try to avoid going shopping on Saturdays.
3. Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City —there could not be a better setting! (P18) 想想在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧—不可能有比这更好的场景了！
1) imagine verb [T]
to form or have a mental picture or idea of
something: 想象
[+ (that)] Imagine (that) you’re eating an ice cream— try to feel how cold it is.
[+ question word] Can you imagine how it feels to be blind
[+ ing form of verb] She imagined herself sitting in her favorite armchair back home.
to believe that something is probably true: 设想
[+ (that)] I imagine (that) he’s under a lot of pressure at the moment.
I don’t imagine (that) they have much money.
“Will they change it ” “I imagine so.”
to think that something exists or is true, although in fact it is not real or true: 假设
“Did you hear a noise ” “No, you’re imagining things/No, you must have imagined it.”
I’ve never heard her criticize you—I think you imagine it.
UK you can’t imagine
used to emphasize a statement:
You can’t imagine what a mess the house was in after the party.
used to express shock or surprise, often at someone else’s behavior:
She got married at 16! Imagine that!
[+ ing form of verb] Imagine spending all that money on a coat!
imaginable adjective
possible to think of: 可想象的
The school offers courses in every subject imaginable.
ice cream of every imaginable flavour
imaginary adjective
describes something that is created by and exists only in the mind; that is not real: 想象中的
As a child I had an imaginary friend called Polly.
The story is set in an imaginary world.
imaginary fears
1. It is difficult to imagine his _______ the decision without any consideration. (2006 陕西)
A. to accept B. accept
C. accepting D. accepted
2. —There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
—My goodness! I can’t imagine ________ that old. （2006江苏 ）
A. to be B. to have been
C. being D. having been
3. Never in my wildest dreams _____
these people are living in such poor
conditions.（2006安徽）
A. I could imagine
B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine
D. couldn’t I imagine
4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady. (2001上海）
A. might B. need C. should D. would
4. Shortly afterwards, another prince, Calaf sees Turandot for the first time and falls in love. (P18) 过后不久，另一位王子卡拉夫第一次见到图兰朵，并且爱上了她。
1) shortly
adverb
soon: 很快
We will shortly be arriving in King’s Cross Station.
shortly after/before sth.
a short time after or before something:
Shortly after you left, a man came into the office looking for you.
2) fall in love
to be very attracted to someone and begin to love them:
They met and fell madly in love.
He fell in love with a young German student.
I thought I was falling in love.
fall in love (with sb.)
to start to love someone romantically and sexually:
I was 20 when I first fell in love.
be in love
to love someone in a romantic and sexual way:
I’m in love for the first time and it’s wonderful.
They’re still madly in love (with each other).
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I __________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)
A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
5. The story then takes on a classic love triangle featuring Calaf, Turandot, and Liu, whose love for Calaf is unconditional. (P18) 故事随后演绎了发生在卡拉夫、图兰朵和柳儿三人之间的经典三角恋情，其中，柳儿对卡拉夫的爱是无条件的。
1) take on
take sth. on phrasal verb
to accept a particular job or responsibility: 承担工作或责任等
She took too much on and made herself ill.
to employ someone: 雇佣某人
She was taken on as a laboratory assistant.
to compete against or fight someone: 与某人竞争过打斗
The Government took on the unions and won.
to begin to have a particular quality: 呈现出
Her voice took on a troubled tone.
take after sb. phrasal verb
to be similar to an older member of your family in appearance or character: 长相遗传
He takes after his mother/his mother’s side of the family.
take sth. down phrasal verb
to write something that another person has just said: 记下，写下
He took down my address and phone number and said he’d phone back.
take sth. from sb. phrasal verb
If you take words, information or ideas from another person or piece of work, you use or develop them in some way: 选自, 摘自
The plot is taken from Shakespeare.
take sth. in phrasal verb
(1) to understand completely the meaning or importance of something: 理解
I had to read the letter twice before I could take it all in.
It was an interesting exhibition, but there was too much to take in at once.
(2) to include something: 吸收
The new town takes in three former villages.
(3) to go to watch a film or performance, or to visit a place such as a museum: 观看,参观
I thought we might get something to eat and then take in a movie.
(4) to cause someone to believe something which is not true, or to trick or deceive someone: 欺骗
I can’t believe she was taken in by him.
(5) to take care of someone and provide a place in your home for them: 照顾并提供住宿
Several families take in foreign students.
(6) to make a piece of clothing narrower, by changing the position of some of the stitching joining it together:
I’ll have to take this dress in at the waist—it’s too big.
take sth. off phrasal verb
(1) to remove something, especially clothes: 脱去
He took off his clothes and got into the bath.
After the poisoning scare, the product was taken off the shelves/the market (= removed from sale).
(2) If an aircraft, bird or insect takes off, it leaves the ground and begins to fly: 起飞
The plane took off at 8.30 a.m.
(3) to spend time away from your work: 休假
He took off two weeks in September.
(4) to suddenly start to be successful or popular: 成功
Her singing career had just begun to take off.
take sth. out phrasal verb
to remove something from somewhere: 拔去， 除去
I’ve had a tooth taken out.
take sb. out phrasal verb
to go somewhere and do something with someone, usually something you plan and pay for: 带某人出去
Dad’s taking the whole family out to the cinema.
Our boss took us out for a meal.
take sth. up phrasal verb
(1) to start doing a particular job or activity: 从事工作，活动等
He’s taken up the post of supervisor.
[+ ing form of verb] Have you ever thought of taking up acting
(2) to fill an amount of space or time:占据
This desk takes up too much room.
(3) to discuss something or deal with something:讨论某一话题
The school took the matter up with the police.
UK I’d like to take you up on your sales figures for June.
1. Helen always helps her mother even though going
to school _____ most of her day. (2004 全国)
A. takes up B. makes up
C. save up D. puts up
2. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _____from home and earn some money on his own. (2002北京）
A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away
3. Ladies and gentlemen , please fasten your seat belts. The plane________. (2006福建)
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
4. — Four dollars a pair I think it’s a bit too much．
— If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _______to three fifty．(2006安徽）
A. come down B. take down C. turn over D. go over
5. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _______ off at 18:20. (2006四川)
A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken
2) unconditional
adjective
complete and not limited in any way: 无条件的
the unconditional love that one has for one’s child
unconditional surrender
We demand the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners.
6. In the story, Turandot is drunk with power. (P18)
故事中， 图兰朵醉心于权利。
drunk with power
having a strong and unreasonable feeling of being able to control other people 醉心于权利
7. The emperor finds the deaths of so many men disturbing, and although he would like to, he cannot break his promise. (P18) 皇上为杀了这么多人而感到很不安，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言。
1) disturb verb [T]
to interrupt what someone is doing: 打断
Please don’t disturb Georgina—she’s trying to do her homework.
to cause someone to be anxious or upset: 使心烦
Some scenes are violent and may disturb younger viewers.
disturbing
adjective
making you feel worried or upset: 心烦意乱的
The Home Secretary described the latest crime figures as ‘disturbing’.
The following programme contains scenes that may be disturbing to some viewers.
disturbingly
adverb
Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in some urban areas.
2) promise verb [I or T]
to tell someone that you will certainly do something: 承诺,允诺
[+ to infinitive] He promised faithfully to call me every week.
[+ that] The government have promised that they’ll reduce taxes.
[+ (that)] Promise me (that) you won’t tell him.
I'll have a look for some while I’m at the shops but I’m not promising anything.
[+ two objects] Her parents promised her a new car if she passed her exams.
[+ speech] “I’ll come round and see you every day,” she promised.
—Nancy is not coming tonight.
—But she_____! (1998全国)
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
8. Seeing this, Calaf says that if she can guess his name by sunrise, she does not have to marry him. (P19) 见此, 卡拉夫说如果她能在太阳升起之前猜出他的名字，她就可以不嫁给他。
guess
v. [I or T] (1) to give an answer to a particular question when you do not have all the facts and so cannot be certain if you are correct:
I didn’t know the answer, so I had to guess.
On the last question, she guessed right/wrong.
(2) to give the correct answer or make the correct judgment:
[+ question word] I bet you can’t guess how old he is.
She guessed the answer first time.
n. [C] (1) an attempt to give the right answer when you are not certain if you are correct:
Go on—have/make/US take a guess.
“What’s the time ” “It’s about 5 o’clock, at a guess (= without knowing exactly).”
(2) someone’s opinion about sth. which is formed without any knowledge of the situation:
“I wonder why she’s not here.” “My guess is that her car has broken down.”
guess at sth. phrasal verb [T]
to try to imagine sth. when you have little knowledge or experience of it:
There are no photographs of him so we can only guess at what he looked like.
Guess what INFORMAL
used before telling someone sth. interesting or surprising:
Guess what We won the match 4-0.
—You know who came yesterday
—Yao Ming We had a basketball match.
—____He came and watched the game. (2006湖北)
A. You guessed it! B. How did you know that
C. Well done! D. That was good news!
2) marry
verb
[I or T] to become the legally accepted husband or wife of someone in an official or religious ceremony: 结婚
Men tend to marry later than women.
Paul married Lucy four years ago.
They don’t have any plans to marry at present.
[T] to perform the ceremony of marriage as a priest or official: 举办结婚仪式
The couple were married by the Archbishop of Canterbury .
married
adjective
having a wife or husband: 已婚的
a married couple
We’ve been happily married for five years.
Please state whether you are single, cohabiting, married, separated, divorced or widowed.
PC Smith was married with two children.
get married
to begin a legal relationship with someone as their husband or wife: 结婚
When are you getting married
Chris and Debbie got married last summer.
Jamie’s getting married to Laura.
My uncle ____ until he was forty-five. (2000上海）
A. married B. didn’t marry
C. was not marrying D. would marry
9. Then Calaf says his own name aloud, leaving his future in Turandot’s hands. (P19) 然后卡拉夫大声地说出了自己的名字，把自己的未来托
付给图兰朵之手。
leave
The verb leave can be followed by an object
and an object complement, which means ‘to
let somebody do something or be in a state’ or
‘to let something be in a state’.
leave
verb [I or T] left, left
to go away from someone or something, for a short
time or permanently: 离开
I’ll be leaving at five o’clock tomorrow.
He left the house by the back door.
She left the group of people she was with and came
over to speak to us.
The bus leaves in five minutes.
[T] to not take something or someone with you when you go, either intentionally or by accident: 落下， 遗忘
Hey, you’ve left your keys on the table.
Can I leave a message for Sue
Why don’t you leave the kids with me on Friday
If something leaves something else, a part or effect of it stays after it has gone or been used: 留下， 剩下
His shoes left muddy marks on the floor.
There’s some food left over from the party.
[+ two objects] If I give you 10 that won’t leave me enough cash to pay the bill.
[+ object + adjective] Far from improving things the new law has left many people worse off (= they are now in a worse situation) than before.
[T] To leave a wife, husband or other close family member is to die while these family members are still alive: （死后）留下
He left a wife and two children.
[T] If you leave something in a particular condition you do not touch it, move it or act to change it in any way, so that it stays in the same condition: 使……处于某种状态
Leave that chair where it is.
He left most of his dinner (= did not eat much of it).
[+ object + adjective] The family were left (= became and continued to be) homeless.
I’ll have to go back—I think I’ve left the iron on.
You can leave the window open.
Leave your sister alone (= Stop annoying her).
[T + object + ing form of verb] If you leave something or someone doing something, when you go away they are still doing it: 使……做某事
I left the children watching television.
He left the engine running.
[T] If you leave (doing) something, you wait before you do it: 留待
I’ll leave these letters till Monday (= write them on Monday).
[+ two objects] If you leave money or things that you own to someone, you say they should receive it or them when you die: 留下遗产
He left his nieces all his money./He left all his money to his nieces.
to stop doing something, or to leave a place because you have finished an activity: 停止工作等,自学校毕业
Many children leave school at sixteen.
He left work in June for health reasons.
She left home (= stopped living with her parents) at 18.
She’s left her husband (= stopped living with him) and gone to live with another man.
Could we leave that subject (= stop discussing that subject) for the moment and go on to the next item on the agenda
1. If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ________ their name and address. (2003 全国）
A．pass B. Write C. Take D．leave
2. Go and join in the party, __________ it to me to do the washing-up. (2002上海)
A. get B. remain
C. leave D. send
3. _____it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
(1998 全国)
A. When left B. Leaving
C. If you leave D. Leave
4. —Are you going to have a holiday this year
—I’d love to. I can’t wait to leave this place _______. (2006江苏)
A. off B. out C. behind D. over
10. The opera finishes with a beautifully-sung final duet, which was so moving that the audience fell silent. (P19) 歌剧在一段美妙的终曲二重唱中结束。这段二重唱非常感人， 观众都陷入了沉默。
fall
verb [I + adverb or preposition; L] fell, fallen
to change to a particular condition from a different one: 成为……的状态
He always falls asleep after drinking red wine.
Your rent falls due (= must be paid) on the first of the month.
She suddenly fell ill.
The government has fallen strangely silent on the subject of tax cuts after all its promises at the last election.
She fell under the influence of (= began to be influenced by) an older student.
1. I ____ while reading the English textbook. Luckily,
my roommate woke me up in time! (2004北京春）
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep
C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
2. As she the newspaper, Granny asleep. （1995全国）
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell
11. However, in this wonderful production, it has been transformed into the location for a beautiful and heartbreaking love story. (P19) 但是，在这次精彩演出中，它变成了一个美丽而令人心碎的爱情故事的发生地。
location
noun [C]
a place or position: 地点
The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake.
A map showing the location of the property will be sent to you.
noun [U] 定位
The latest navigational aids make the location of the airfield quite easy
noun [C or U]
a place away from a studio where all or part of a film or a television show is recorded: 外景,外景拍摄地
The documentary was made on location in the Gobi desert
locate
verb [T]
to find or discover the exact position of something: 确定……的地点或范围
Police are still trying to locate the suspect.
Grammar and usage
1. desire (P25)
verb [T not continuous]
to want something, especially strongly: 渴望
I desire only to be left in peace.
The hotel had everything you could possibly desire.
What does her Ladyship desire me to do/desire of me
[+ to infinitive] The President desires to meet the new Prime Minister.
noun [C or U]
a strong feeling that you want something: 欲望
I certainly have no desire to have children.
There is a strong desire for peace among the people.
He needed to satisfy his desire for revenge.
[+ to infinitive] She had a burning/strong desire to go back to her home country before she died.
Several people have expressed a desire to see the report.
2. apply for (P25)
apply
verb [I]
to request something, usually officially, especially by writing or sending in a form: 申请
By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late to apply.
Please apply in writing to the address below.
We’ve applied to a charitable organization for a grant for the project.
[+ to infinitive] Tim’s applied to join the police.
especially of rules or laws) to have a connection or be important: 适用
That bit of the form is for UK citizens—it doesn’t apply to you.
Those were old regulations—they don’t apply any more.
to spread or rub a substance such as cream or paint on a surface: 涂抹
Apply the suntan cream liberally to exposed areas every three hours and after swimming.
The paint should be applied thinly and evenly.
to make use of something or use it for a practical purpose: 运用
He wants a job in which he can apply his foreign languages.
The court heard how the driver had failed to apply his brakes in time.
If you apply pressure to a cut it’s meant to stop the bleeding.
application
noun [C or U]
an official request for something, usually in writing: 申请书
a letter of application
Free information will be sent out on application to (= if you ask) the central office.
I’ve sent off applications for four different jobs.
Have you filled in the application form for your passport yet
[+ to infinitive] South Africa has submitted an application to host the World Cup.
noun [C or U] 实用
The new laws have (a) particular application to the self-employed.
applicant
noun [C]
a person who formally requests something, especially a job, or a place at college or university: 申请者
How many applicants did you have for the job
applied
adjective [before noun]
relating to a subject of study, especially a science, that has a practical use: 实用的，应用的
pure and applied
mathematics/science
3. try out (P25)
try sth. out phrasal verb
to use something to discover if it works or if you like it: 试用
Don’t forget to try out the equipment before setting up the experiment.
try sth. on phrasal verb
to put on a piece of clothing to discover if it fits you or if you like it: 试穿
Try on the shoes to see if they fit.
What a lovely dress—why don’t you try it on for size (= to discover whether it fits)
We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ______ very well. （2001全国）
A. worked out B. tried out
C. went on D. carried on
4. participate (P25)
verb [I]
to take part in or become involved in an activity: 参与
She never participates in any of our discussions, does she
participation
noun [U]
when you take part or become involved in something: 参与
Task
1. deserve (P27)
verb [T not continuous]
to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have: 赢得,应得
After all that hard work, you deserve a holiday.
Chris deserves our special thanks for all his efforts.
I hope they get the punishment they deserve.
[+ to infinitive] They certainly deserved to win that match.
deserved
adjective
describes something that you earn or are given because of your behaviour or qualities: 应得的
a well-deserved holiday/rest
Their victory was richly/thoroughly deserved.
deservedly
adverb
He won the award for best actor, and deservedly so (= he deserved it).
2. influence (P27)
noun [C or U]
the power to have an effect on people or things, or a person or thing that is able to do this: 影响
Helen’s a bad/good influence on him.
He has a huge amount of influence over the city council.
Christopher hoped to exert his influence to make them change their minds.
At the time she was under the influence of her father.
influence
verb [T]
to affect or change how someone or something develops, behaves or thinks: 影响
She’s very good at making friends and influencing people.
[+ object + to infinitive] What influenced you to choose a career in nursing
under the influence
drunk: 醉酒
Driving under the influence is a very serious offence.
be/fall under sb’s influence/spell
to be affected by somebody in a strong and often negative way: 在某人的影响下
She fell under his spell when he was her tutor at university.
3. It earned them a gold record. (P27)
earn
verb [I or T]
to receive money as payment for work that you do: 赚得,挣得
I earn $30 000 a year.
How much do you earn, if you don’t mind me asking
You can’t expect to earn a living (= be paid enough money to live on) from your painting.
[+ two objects] Coffee exports earn (= give) Brazil many millions of pounds a year./Brazil earns many millions of pounds a year from coffee exports.
to get something that you deserve: 值得,应得
It’s been a tough six months and I feel I’ve earned a few weeks off.
4. Simon and Garfunkel spilt up in 1970. (P27)
spill
verb [I or T; usually + adverb or preposition] spilled or UK ALSO spilt, spilled or UK ALSO spilt
to (cause to) flow, move, fall or spread over the edge or beyond the limits of something: 泼,洒
I spilt coffee on my silk shirt.
You’ve spilt something down your tie.
Let’s see if I can pour the juice into the glass without spilling it.
He dropped a bag of sugar and it spilt all over the floor.
Project
1. Jazz began in the USA and has played an important role in American culture and history. 爵士乐起源于美国，在美国文化和历史中起过重要作用。
role noun [C]
the position or purpose that someone or something has in a situation, organization, society or relationship: 作用
What is his role in this project
Schools play an important role in society.
Six people have been put on trial for their role (= involvement) in the anti-government demonstrations.
noun [C]
an actor’s part in a film or play: 角色
She’s got a leading/supporting role in the school play.
She plays the role of a crooked lawyer.
2. From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a bit of a decline. (P30) 从20世纪30年代早期到20世纪50年代早期，传统的爵士乐有一点没落了。
decline verb [I]
to gradually become less, worse, or lower: 减少,衰退
His interest in the project declined after his wife died.
The party’s popularity has declined in the opinion polls.
verb [I or T]
to refuse: 拒绝
I invited him to the meeting but he declined.
[+ to infinitive] They declined to tell me how they had got my address.
decline noun [S or U]
when something becomes less in amount, importance, quality or strength: 衰退,减少
industrial decline
Home cooking seems to be on the/in decline (= not so many people are doing it).
a decline in the number of unemployed
She seemed to be recovering and then she went into a decline.
3. During the 1950s, R& B changed modern music further and led to what we know as rock and roll. 在20世纪50年代，R&B进一步改变了现代音乐，发展成为我们现在所熟知的摇滚乐。
1) further
adverb
to a greater distance or degree; at a more advanced level: 进一步地
I’m afraid I never got further than the first five pages of ‘Ulysses’.
We discussed the problem but we didn’t get much further in actually solving it.
The whole matter is further complicated by the fact that Amanda and Jo refuse to speak to each other.
Every day she sinks further and further into depression.
go further/take sth. further
If you go or take something further, you take it to a more advanced stage: 进展
Before we go any further with the project I think we should check that there’s enough money to fund it.
If you wish to take the matter further, you can file charges against him.
adjective
at a greater distance: 更远的
It was much further to the town centre than I remembered.
Fourteen miles is further than you’d think once you start to run it.
adjective, adverb
more or additional: 额外的(地), 进一步的(地)
Have you anything further to add
If you have any further problems do let me know.
It cost me 50 a day and a further 60 for insurance.
This shop will be closed until further notice.
We need to talk further about this.
verb [T]
to advance something: 使进展
He has probably done more to further the cause of interracial harmony than any other person.
Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.
2) lead to
lead to sth. phrasal verb
If an action or event leads to something, it causes that thing to happen or exist: 导致,致使
Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads.
1. The discovery of new evidence led to . (2003上海）
A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief
C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught
2. Once a decision has been made, all of us should ___________it. (2004湖北）
A．direct to B．stick to
C．lead to D．refer to
4. He thought he could make a fortune if he could find a white man who could sing like a black man. (P31) 他想，如果他能找到一个可以像黑人一样演唱的白人，他就可以发达大财。
fortune
noun [C]
a large amount of money, goods, property, etc: 财富
She inherited a fortune from her grandmother.
He lost a fortune gambling.
You can make a fortune out of junk if you call it ‘antiques’.
This dress cost a (small) fortune.
Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune.
noun [C or U]
chance and the way it affects your life: 机会,机遇
He had the (good) fortune to train with some of the world’s top athletes.
The family’s fortunes changed overnight.
tell sb’s fortune
to discover what will happen to someone in the future, for example by looking at the lines on their hands or using a special set of cards: 占卜, 算命
5. Elvis’ musical life was cut short when he was drafted into the army in 1958. (P31)
draft noun [C]
a piece of text, a formal suggestion or a drawing in its original state, often containing the main ideas and intentions but not the developed form: 草稿
This is only a rough draft—the finished article will have pictures as well.
She asked me to check the (first) draft of her proposal.
verb [T] 打草稿,草拟
Draft a proposal for the project and we can discuss it at the meeting.
to force someone by law to serve in one of the armed forces: 征兵
They were drafted into the army.
adjective [before noun]
a draft plan/bill/proposal
6. They continue to have almost universal appeal today, even though they broke up in 1970. (P31) 尽管他们在1970年就解散了，但直到今天，他们仍有着几乎是全球性的吸引力。
continue verb
[I or T] to keep happening, existing or doing something, or to cause something or someone to do this: 继续,持续
[+ to infinitive] It's said that as the boat went down the band continued to play.
[+ ing form of verb] If she continues drinking like that, I’ll have to carry her home.
Do you intend to continue (with) your studies
If the rain continues, we’ll have to cancel tonight’s plans.
Sally Palmer will be continuing as chairperson this autumn.
[I] to start to do something again after a pause: 中断后继续
After stopping for a quick drink, they continued on their way.
[+ ing form of verb] He paused for a moment to listen and then continued eating.
The president continued by saying that his country was a free country and would always remain so.
[+ speech] “I don’t like your weather!” she shouted, "and I don't, " she continued, "like your food."
2) break sth. up phrasal verb
to divide into many pieces, or to divide something into many pieces: 分裂
The company has been broken up and sold off.
If an occasion when people meet breaks up or someone breaks it up, it ends and people start to leave: 解散,结束,放假
The meeting broke up at ten to three.
We broke up for the holidays in June.
If a marriage breaks up or two people in a romantic relationship break up, their marriage or their relationship ends: (婚姻,友谊等)破裂
Jenny and George have broken up.
She’s just broken up with her boyfriend.
break 常用短语
break out (START) phrasal verb
If something dangerous or unpleasant breaks out, it suddenly starts: (灾难等)突然爆发
War broke out in 1914.
Fighting has broken out all over the city. break out (ESCAPE) phrasal verb
to escape from prison:
They broke out of prison and fled the country.
break through sth. phrasal verb
to force yourself through something that is holding you back: 突破
Protesters broke through the barriers.
break away phrasal verb
to leave or to escape from someone who is holding you: 挣脱, 摆脱
He grabbed her, but she managed to break away.
FIGURATIVE One or two of the tourists broke away from the tour group.
break down phrasal verb
If a machine or vehicle breaks down, it stops working: (机器等)出故障
Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road.
If a system, relationship or discussion breaks down, it fails because there is a problem or disagreement.(谈判等)失败
to be unable to control your feelings and to start to cry: 崩溃
When we gave her the bad news, she broke down and cried.
break in/break into sth. phrasal verb
to get into a building or car using force, usually to steal something: 强行闯入
The burglars broke in through the kitchen window.
My car’s been broken into twice this month.
break in phrasal verb
to interrupt when someone else is talking: 插嘴
As she was talking, he suddenly broke in, saying, “That’s a lie”.
break into sth. phrasal verb
to suddenly begin to do something: 突然爆发
He felt so happy that he broke into song (= suddenly began to sing).
She walked quickly, occasionally breaking into a run (= starting to run).
break sth. off phrasal verb
to separate a part from a larger piece, or to become separate: 折断
He broke off a piece of chocolate.
to end a relationship: 中断
They’ve broken off their engagement.
The governments have broken off diplomatic relations.
She broke off in the middle of a sentence.
1. The computer system suddenly __________while he was searching for information on the Internet. (2006辽宁）
A. broke down B. broke out
C. broke up D. broke in
2. I was still sleeping when the fire __________, and then it spread quickly. (2006 广东)
A. broke out B. put out
C. came out D. got out
3. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _________ with no agreement reached. (2005湖北）
A．have broken down
B．have broken out
C．have broken in
D．have broken up
Welcome to the unit
1．end n. v.
课本句：Jazz started in the USA at the end of the 19th century .
This latest injury must surely mean that her tennis career is now at an end (= finished).
He met his end (= died) in a shoot-out with the police.
The teams change ends at half-time so that neither side has an unfair advantage.
The match ended in a draw.
I’d like to end with a song from my first album.
She ended her speech on an optimistic note.
stories with happy endings. an endless supply of money.
in the end come to an end put an end to sth
make sb’s hair stand on end end up
2. A piano has strings inside, but it is part of the percussion family, along with drums.
part
To be parted from him even for two days made her sad.
part with sth.
I was going to give away her old baby clothes, but I couldn’t bring myself to part with them.
in part在某种程度上
take part in
play a part
to help to achieve something: 起作用
My thanks to everyone who has played a part in saving the hospital.
The most important thing about cotton in
history is______ part that it played in
_______Industrial Revolution. (2004 重庆)
A.不填；不填 B. the；不填
C. the ;the D. a; the
2) along with
along with sb./sth.
in addition to someone or something else: 以及
California, along with Florida and Hawaii, is among the most popular US tourist destinations.
Professor Smith, along with his assistants,______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (2005 上海)
A. work B. working
C. is working D. are working
Reading
1. It starred some of the world’s greatest opera singers. (P18) 几位世界顶级歌剧演唱家担当主演。
star
noun [C]
a very famous, successful and important person, especially a performer such as a musician, actor or sports player: 明星
a rock/movie/football star
Kids wanting to be stars come to Hollywood from all over America.
verb [I + preposition; T] (-rr-)
If a film, play, etc. stars someone, or if someone stars in a film, play, etc., they are the main person in it: 主演
Fowles’s novel ‘The French Lieutenant’s Woman’ was turned into a film starring Meryl Streep.
2. In order to avoid marriage, she says that any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or die. (P18) 为了不出嫁，她说任何想要成为他的丈夫的人必须猜中三道谜语，否则就要被处死。
avoid
verb [T]
to stay away from someone or something, or prevent something from happening or not allow yourself to do something: 避免
I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays—they’re always so busy.
[+ ing form of verb] I try to avoid going shopping on Saturdays.
3. Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City —there could not be a better setting! (P18) 想想在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧—不可能有比这更好的场景了！
1) imagine verb [T]
to form or have a mental picture or idea of
something: 想象
[+ (that)] Imagine (that) you’re eating an ice cream— try to feel how cold it is.
[+ question word] Can you imagine how it feels to be blind
[+ ing form of verb] She imagined herself sitting in her favorite armchair back home.
to believe that something is probably true: 设想
[+ (that)] I imagine (that) he’s under a lot of pressure at the moment.
I don’t imagine (that) they have much money.
“Will they change it ” “I imagine so.”
to think that something exists or is true, although in fact it is not real or true: 假设
“Did you hear a noise ” “No, you’re imagining things/No, you must have imagined it.”
I’ve never heard her criticize you—I think you imagine it.
UK you can’t imagine
used to emphasize a statement:
You can’t imagine what a mess the house was in after the party.
used to express shock or surprise, often at someone else’s behavior:
She got married at 16! Imagine that!
[+ ing form of verb] Imagine spending all that money on a coat!
imaginable adjective
possible to think of: 可想象的
The school offers courses in every subject imaginable.
ice cream of every imaginable flavour
imaginary adjective
describes something that is created by and exists only in the mind; that is not real: 想象中的
As a child I had an imaginary friend called Polly.
The story is set in an imaginary world.
imaginary fears
1. It is difficult to imagine his _______ the decision without any consideration. (2006 陕西)
A. to accept B. accept
C. accepting D. accepted
2. —There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
—My goodness! I can’t imagine ________ that old. （2006江苏 ）
A. to be B. to have been
C. being D. having been
3. Never in my wildest dreams _____
these people are living in such poor
conditions.（2006安徽）
A. I could imagine
B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine
D. couldn’t I imagine
4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady. (2001上海）
A. might B. need C. should D. would
4. Shortly afterwards, another prince, Calaf sees Turandot for the first time and falls in love. (P18) 过后不久，另一位王子卡拉夫第一次见到图兰朵，并且爱上了她。
1) shortly
adverb
soon: 很快
We will shortly be arriving in King’s Cross Station.
shortly after/before sth.
a short time after or before something:
Shortly after you left, a man came into the office looking for you.
2) fall in love
to be very attracted to someone and begin to love them:
They met and fell madly in love.
He fell in love with a young German student.
I thought I was falling in love.
fall in love (with sb.)
to start to love someone romantically and sexually:
I was 20 when I first fell in love.
be in love
to love someone in a romantic and sexual way:
I’m in love for the first time and it’s wonderful.
They’re still madly in love (with each other).
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I __________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)
A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
5. The story then takes on a classic love triangle featuring Calaf, Turandot, and Liu, whose love for Calaf is unconditional. (P18) 故事随后演绎了发生在卡拉夫、图兰朵和柳儿三人之间的经典三角恋情，其中，柳儿对卡拉夫的爱是无条件的。
1) take on
take sth. on phrasal verb
to accept a particular job or responsibility: 承担工作或责任等
She took too much on and made herself ill.
to employ someone: 雇佣某人
She was taken on as a laboratory assistant.
to compete against or fight someone: 与某人竞争过打斗
The Government took on the unions and won.
to begin to have a particular quality: 呈现出
Her voice took on a troubled tone.
take after sb. phrasal verb
to be similar to an older member of your family in appearance or character: 长相遗传
He takes after his mother/his mother’s side of the family.
take sth. down phrasal verb
to write something that another person has just said: 记下，写下
He took down my address and phone number and said he’d phone back.
take sth. from sb. phrasal verb
If you take words, information or ideas from another person or piece of work, you use or develop them in some way: 选自, 摘自
The plot is taken from Shakespeare.
take sth. in phrasal verb
(1) to understand completely the meaning or importance of something: 理解
I had to read the letter twice before I could take it all in.
It was an interesting exhibition, but there was too much to take in at once.
(2) to include something: 吸收
The new town takes in three former villages.
(3) to go to watch a film or performance, or to visit a place such as a museum: 观看,参观
I thought we might get something to eat and then take in a movie.
(4) to cause someone to believe something which is not true, or to trick or deceive someone: 欺骗
I can’t believe she was taken in by him.
(5) to take care of someone and provide a place in your home for them: 照顾并提供住宿
Several families take in foreign students.
(6) to make a piece of clothing narrower, by changing the position of some of the stitching joining it together:
I’ll have to take this dress in at the waist—it’s too big.
take sth. off phrasal verb
(1) to remove something, especially clothes: 脱去
He took off his clothes and got into the bath.
After the poisoning scare, the product was taken off the shelves/the market (= removed from sale).
(2) If an aircraft, bird or insect takes off, it leaves the ground and begins to fly: 起飞
The plane took off at 8.30 a.m.
(3) to spend time away from your work: 休假
He took off two weeks in September.
(4) to suddenly start to be successful or popular: 成功
Her singing career had just begun to take off.
take sth. out phrasal verb
to remove something from somewhere: 拔去， 除去
I’ve had a tooth taken out.
take sb. out phrasal verb
to go somewhere and do something with someone, usually something you plan and pay for: 带某人出去
Dad’s taking the whole family out to the cinema.
Our boss took us out for a meal.
take sth. up phrasal verb
(1) to start doing a particular job or activity: 从事工作，活动等
He’s taken up the post of supervisor.
[+ ing form of verb] Have you ever thought of taking up acting
(2) to fill an amount of space or time:占据
This desk takes up too much room.
(3) to discuss something or deal with something:讨论某一话题
The school took the matter up with the police.
UK I’d like to take you up on your sales figures for June.
1. Helen always helps her mother even though going
to school _____ most of her day. (2004 全国)
A. takes up B. makes up
C. save up D. puts up
2. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _____from home and earn some money on his own. (2002北京）
A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away
3. Ladies and gentlemen , please fasten your seat belts. The plane________. (2006福建)
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
4. — Four dollars a pair I think it’s a bit too much．
— If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _______to three fifty．(2006安徽）
A. come down B. take down C. turn over D. go over
5. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _______ off at 18:20. (2006四川)
A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken
2) unconditional
adjective
complete and not limited in any way: 无条件的
the unconditional love that one has for one’s child
unconditional surrender
We demand the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners.
6. In the story, Turandot is drunk with power. (P18)
故事中， 图兰朵醉心于权利。
drunk with power
having a strong and unreasonable feeling of being able to control other people 醉心于权利
7. The emperor finds the deaths of so many men disturbing, and although he would like to, he cannot break his promise. (P18) 皇上为杀了这么多人而感到很不安，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言。
1) disturb verb [T]
to interrupt what someone is doing: 打断
Please don’t disturb Georgina—she’s trying to do her homework.
to cause someone to be anxious or upset: 使心烦
Some scenes are violent and may disturb younger viewers.
disturbing
adjective
making you feel worried or upset: 心烦意乱的
The Home Secretary described the latest crime figures as ‘disturbing’.
The following programme contains scenes that may be disturbing to some viewers.
disturbingly
adverb
Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in some urban areas.
2) promise verb [I or T]
to tell someone that you will certainly do something: 承诺,允诺
[+ to infinitive] He promised faithfully to call me every week.
[+ that] The government have promised that they’ll reduce taxes.
[+ (that)] Promise me (that) you won’t tell him.
I'll have a look for some while I’m at the shops but I’m not promising anything.
[+ two objects] Her parents promised her a new car if she passed her exams.
[+ speech] “I’ll come round and see you every day,” she promised.
—Nancy is not coming tonight.
—But she_____! (1998全国)
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
8. Seeing this, Calaf says that if she can guess his name by sunrise, she does not have to marry him. (P19) 见此, 卡拉夫说如果她能在太阳升起之前猜出他的名字，她就可以不嫁给他。
guess
v. [I or T] (1) to give an answer to a particular question when you do not have all the facts and so cannot be certain if you are correct:
I didn’t know the answer, so I had to guess.
On the last question, she guessed right/wrong.
(2) to give the correct answer or make the correct judgment:
[+ question word] I bet you can’t guess how old he is.
She guessed the answer first time.
n. [C] (1) an attempt to give the right answer when you are not certain if you are correct:
Go on—have/make/US take a guess.
“What’s the time ” “It’s about 5 o’clock, at a guess (= without knowing exactly).”
(2) someone’s opinion about sth. which is formed without any knowledge of the situation:
“I wonder why she’s not here.” “My guess is that her car has broken down.”
guess at sth. phrasal verb [T]
to try to imagine sth. when you have little knowledge or experience of it:
There are no photographs of him so we can only guess at what he looked like.
Guess what INFORMAL
used before telling someone sth. interesting or surprising:
Guess what We won the match 4-0.
—You know who came yesterday
—Yao Ming We had a basketball match.
—____He came and watched the game. (2006湖北)
A. You guessed it! B. How did you know that
C. Well done! D. That was good news!
2) marry
verb
[I or T] to become the legally accepted husband or wife of someone in an official or religious ceremony: 结婚
Men tend to marry later than women.
Paul married Lucy four years ago.
They don’t have any plans to marry at present.
[T] to perform the ceremony of marriage as a priest or official: 举办结婚仪式
The couple were married by the Archbishop of Canterbury .
married
adjective
having a wife or husband: 已婚的
a married couple
We’ve been happily married for five years.
Please state whether you are single, cohabiting, married, separated, divorced or widowed.
PC Smith was married with two children.
get married
to begin a legal relationship with someone as their husband or wife: 结婚
When are you getting married
Chris and Debbie got married last summer.
Jamie’s getting married to Laura.
My uncle ____ until he was forty-five. (2000上海）
A. married B. didn’t marry
C. was not marrying D. would marry
9. Then Calaf says his own name aloud, leaving his future in Turandot’s hands. (P19) 然后卡拉夫大声地说出了自己的名字，把自己的未来托
付给图兰朵之手。
leave
The verb leave can be followed by an object
and an object complement, which means ‘to
let somebody do something or be in a state’ or
‘to let something be in a state’.
leave
verb [I or T] left, left
to go away from someone or something, for a short
time or permanently: 离开
I’ll be leaving at five o’clock tomorrow.
He left the house by the back door.
She left the group of people she was with and came
over to speak to us.
The bus leaves in five minutes.
[T] to not take something or someone with you when you go, either intentionally or by accident: 落下， 遗忘
Hey, you’ve left your keys on the table.
Can I leave a message for Sue
Why don’t you leave the kids with me on Friday
If something leaves something else, a part or effect of it stays after it has gone or been used: 留下， 剩下
His shoes left muddy marks on the floor.
There’s some food left over from the party.
[+ two objects] If I give you 10 that won’t leave me enough cash to pay the bill.
[+ object + adjective] Far from improving things the new law has left many people worse off (= they are now in a worse situation) than before.
[T] To leave a wife, husband or other close family member is to die while these family members are still alive: （死后）留下
He left a wife and two children.
[T] If you leave something in a particular condition you do not touch it, move it or act to change it in any way, so that it stays in the same condition: 使……处于某种状态
Leave that chair where it is.
He left most of his dinner (= did not eat much of it).
[+ object + adjective] The family were left (= became and continued to be) homeless.
I’ll have to go back—I think I’ve left the iron on.
You can leave the window open.
Leave your sister alone (= Stop annoying her).
[T + object + ing form of verb] If you leave something or someone doing something, when you go away they are still doing it: 使……做某事
I left the children watching television.
He left the engine running.
[T] If you leave (doing) something, you wait before you do it: 留待
I’ll leave these letters till Monday (= write them on Monday).
[+ two objects] If you leave money or things that you own to someone, you say they should receive it or them when you die: 留下遗产
He left his nieces all his money./He left all his money to his nieces.
to stop doing something, or to leave a place because you have finished an activity: 停止工作等,自学校毕业
Many children leave school at sixteen.
He left work in June for health reasons.
She left home (= stopped living with her parents) at 18.
She’s left her husband (= stopped living with him) and gone to live with another man.
Could we leave that subject (= stop discussing that subject) for the moment and go on to the next item on the agenda
1. If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ________ their name and address. (2003 全国）
A．pass B. Write C. Take D．leave
2. Go and join in the party, __________ it to me to do the washing-up. (2002上海)
A. get B. remain
C. leave D. send
3. _____it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
(1998 全国)
A. When left B. Leaving
C. If you leave D. Leave
4. —Are you going to have a holiday this year
—I’d love to. I can’t wait to leave this place _______. (2006江苏)
A. off B. out C. behind D. over
10. The opera finishes with a beautifully-sung final duet, which was so moving that the audience fell silent. (P19) 歌剧在一段美妙的终曲二重唱中结束。这段二重唱非常感人， 观众都陷入了沉默。
fall
verb [I + adverb or preposition; L] fell, fallen
to change to a particular condition from a different one: 成为……的状态
He always falls asleep after drinking red wine.
Your rent falls due (= must be paid) on the first of the month.
She suddenly fell ill.
The government has fallen strangely silent on the subject of tax cuts after all its promises at the last election.
She fell under the influence of (= began to be influenced by) an older student.
1. I ____ while reading the English textbook. Luckily,
my roommate woke me up in time! (2004北京春）
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep
C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
2. As she the newspaper, Granny asleep. （1995全国）
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell
11. However, in this wonderful production, it has been transformed into the location for a beautiful and heartbreaking love story. (P19) 但是，在这次精彩演出中，它变成了一个美丽而令人心碎的爱情故事的发生地。
location
noun [C]
a place or position: 地点
The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake.
A map showing the location of the property will be sent to you.
noun [U] 定位
The latest navigational aids make the location of the airfield quite easy
noun [C or U]
a place away from a studio where all or part of a film or a television show is recorded: 外景,外景拍摄地
The documentary was made on location in the Gobi desert
locate
verb [T]
to find or discover the exact position of something: 确定……的地点或范围
Police are still trying to locate the suspect.
Grammar and usage
1. desire (P25)
verb [T not continuous]
to want something, especially strongly: 渴望
I desire only to be left in peace.
The hotel had everything you could possibly desire.
What does her Ladyship desire me to do/desire of me
[+ to infinitive] The President desires to meet the new Prime Minister.
noun [C or U]
a strong feeling that you want something: 欲望
I certainly have no desire to have children.
There is a strong desire for peace among the people.
He needed to satisfy his desire for revenge.
[+ to infinitive] She had a burning/strong desire to go back to her home country before she died.
Several people have expressed a desire to see the report.
2. apply for (P25)
apply
verb [I]
to request something, usually officially, especially by writing or sending in a form: 申请
By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late to apply.
Please apply in writing to the address below.
We’ve applied to a charitable organization for a grant for the project.
[+ to infinitive] Tim’s applied to join the police.
especially of rules or laws) to have a connection or be important: 适用
That bit of the form is for UK citizens—it doesn’t apply to you.
Those were old regulations—they don’t apply any more.
to spread or rub a substance such as cream or paint on a surface: 涂抹
Apply the suntan cream liberally to exposed areas every three hours and after swimming.
The paint should be applied thinly and evenly.
to make use of something or use it for a practical purpose: 运用
He wants a job in which he can apply his foreign languages.
The court heard how the driver had failed to apply his brakes in time.
If you apply pressure to a cut it’s meant to stop the bleeding.
application
noun [C or U]
an official request for something, usually in writing: 申请书
a letter of application
Free information will be sent out on application to (= if you ask) the central office.
I’ve sent off applications for four different jobs.
Have you filled in the application form for your passport yet
[+ to infinitive] South Africa has submitted an application to host the World Cup.
noun [C or U] 实用
The new laws have (a) particular application to the self-employed.
applicant
noun [C]
a person who formally requests something, especially a job, or a place at college or university: 申请者
How many applicants did you have for the job
applied
adjective [before noun]
relating to a subject of study, especially a science, that has a practical use: 实用的，应用的
pure and applied
mathematics/science
3. try out (P25)
try sth. out phrasal verb
to use something to discover if it works or if you like it: 试用
Don’t forget to try out the equipment before setting up the experiment.
try sth. on phrasal verb
to put on a piece of clothing to discover if it fits you or if you like it: 试穿
Try on the shoes to see if they fit.
What a lovely dress—why don’t you try it on for size (= to discover whether it fits)
We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ______ very well. （2001全国）
A. worked out B. tried out
C. went on D. carried on
4. participate (P25)
verb [I]
to take part in or become involved in an activity: 参与
She never participates in any of our discussions, does she
participation
noun [U]
when you take part or become involved in something: 参与
Task
1. deserve (P27)
verb [T not continuous]
to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have: 赢得,应得
After all that hard work, you deserve a holiday.
Chris deserves our special thanks for all his efforts.
I hope they get the punishment they deserve.
[+ to infinitive] They certainly deserved to win that match.
deserved
adjective
describes something that you earn or are given because of your behaviour or qualities: 应得的
a well-deserved holiday/rest
Their victory was richly/thoroughly deserved.
deservedly
adverb
He won the award for best actor, and deservedly so (= he deserved it).
2. influence (P27)
noun [C or U]
the power to have an effect on people or things, or a person or thing that is able to do this: 影响
Helen’s a bad/good influence on him.
He has a huge amount of influence over the city council.
Christopher hoped to exert his influence to make them change their minds.
At the time she was under the influence of her father.
influence
verb [T]
to affect or change how someone or something develops, behaves or thinks: 影响
She’s very good at making friends and influencing people.
[+ object + to infinitive] What influenced you to choose a career in nursing
under the influence
drunk: 醉酒
Driving under the influence is a very serious offence.
be/fall under sb’s influence/spell
to be affected by somebody in a strong and often negative way: 在某人的影响下
She fell under his spell when he was her tutor at university.
3. It earned them a gold record. (P27)
earn
verb [I or T]
to receive money as payment for work that you do: 赚得,挣得
I earn $30 000 a year.
How much do you earn, if you don’t mind me asking
You can’t expect to earn a living (= be paid enough money to live on) from your painting.
[+ two objects] Coffee exports earn (= give) Brazil many millions of pounds a year./Brazil earns many millions of pounds a year from coffee exports.
to get something that you deserve: 值得,应得
It’s been a tough six months and I feel I’ve earned a few weeks off.
4. Simon and Garfunkel spilt up in 1970. (P27)
spill
verb [I or T; usually + adverb or preposition] spilled or UK ALSO spilt, spilled or UK ALSO spilt
to (cause to) flow, move, fall or spread over the edge or beyond the limits of something: 泼,洒
I spilt coffee on my silk shirt.
You’ve spilt something down your tie.
Let’s see if I can pour the juice into the glass without spilling it.
He dropped a bag of sugar and it spilt all over the floor.
Project
1. Jazz began in the USA and has played an important role in American culture and history. 爵士乐起源于美国，在美国文化和历史中起过重要作用。
role noun [C]
the position or purpose that someone or something has in a situation, organization, society or relationship: 作用
What is his role in this project
Schools play an important role in society.
Six people have been put on trial for their role (= involvement) in the anti-government demonstrations.
noun [C]
an actor’s part in a film or play: 角色
She’s got a leading/supporting role in the school play.
She plays the role of a crooked lawyer.
2. From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a bit of a decline. (P30) 从20世纪30年代早期到20世纪50年代早期，传统的爵士乐有一点没落了。
decline verb [I]
to gradually become less, worse, or lower: 减少,衰退
His interest in the project declined after his wife died.
The party’s popularity has declined in the opinion polls.
verb [I or T]
to refuse: 拒绝
I invited him to the meeting but he declined.
[+ to infinitive] They declined to tell me how they had got my address.
decline noun [S or U]
when something becomes less in amount, importance, quality or strength: 衰退,减少
industrial decline
Home cooking seems to be on the/in decline (= not so many people are doing it).
a decline in the number of unemployed
She seemed to be recovering and then she went into a decline.
3. During the 1950s, R& B changed modern music further and led to what we know as rock and roll. 在20世纪50年代，R&B进一步改变了现代音乐，发展成为我们现在所熟知的摇滚乐。
1) further
adverb
to a greater distance or degree; at a more advanced level: 进一步地
I’m afraid I never got further than the first five pages of ‘Ulysses’.
We discussed the problem but we didn’t get much further in actually solving it.
The whole matter is further complicated by the fact that Amanda and Jo refuse to speak to each other.
Every day she sinks further and further into depression.
go further/take sth. further
If you go or take something further, you take it to a more advanced stage: 进展
Before we go any further with the project I think we should check that there’s enough money to fund it.
If you wish to take the matter further, you can file charges against him.
adjective
at a greater distance: 更远的
It was much further to the town centre than I remembered.
Fourteen miles is further than you’d think once you start to run it.
adjective, adverb
more or additional: 额外的(地), 进一步的(地)
Have you anything further to add
If you have any further problems do let me know.
It cost me 50 a day and a further 60 for insurance.
This shop will be closed until further notice.
We need to talk further about this.
verb [T]
to advance something: 使进展
He has probably done more to further the cause of interracial harmony than any other person.
Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.
2) lead to
lead to sth. phrasal verb
If an action or event leads to something, it causes that thing to happen or exist: 导致,致使
Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads.
1. The discovery of new evidence led to . (2003上海）
A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief
C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught
2. Once a decision has been made, all of us should ___________it. (2004湖北）
A．direct to B．stick to
C．lead to D．refer to
4. He thought he could make a fortune if he could find a white man who could sing like a black man. (P31) 他想，如果他能找到一个可以像黑人一样演唱的白人，他就可以发达大财。
fortune
noun [C]
a large amount of money, goods, property, etc: 财富
She inherited a fortune from her grandmother.
He lost a fortune gambling.
You can make a fortune out of junk if you call it ‘antiques’.
This dress cost a (small) fortune.
Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune.
noun [C or U]
chance and the way it affects your life: 机会,机遇
He had the (good) fortune to train with some of the world’s top athletes.
The family’s fortunes changed overnight.
tell sb’s fortune
to discover what will happen to someone in the future, for example by looking at the lines on their hands or using a special set of cards: 占卜, 算命
5. Elvis’ musical life was cut short when he was drafted into the army in 1958. (P31)
draft noun [C]
a piece of text, a formal suggestion or a drawing in its original state, often containing the main ideas and intentions but not the developed form: 草稿
This is only a rough draft—the finished article will have pictures as well.
She asked me to check the (first) draft of her proposal.
verb [T] 打草稿,草拟
Draft a proposal for the project and we can discuss it at the meeting.
to force someone by law to serve in one of the armed forces: 征兵
They were drafted into the army.
adjective [before noun]
a draft plan/bill/proposal
6. They continue to have almost universal appeal today, even though they broke up in 1970. (P31) 尽管他们在1970年就解散了，但直到今天，他们仍有着几乎是全球性的吸引力。
continue verb
[I or T] to keep happening, existing or doing something, or to cause something or someone to do this: 继续,持续
[+ to infinitive] It's said that as the boat went down the band continued to play.
[+ ing form of verb] If she continues drinking like that, I’ll have to carry her home.
Do you intend to continue (with) your studies
If the rain continues, we’ll have to cancel tonight’s plans.
Sally Palmer will be continuing as chairperson this autumn.
[I] to start to do something again after a pause: 中断后继续
After stopping for a quick drink, they continued on their way.
[+ ing form of verb] He paused for a moment to listen and then continued eating.
The president continued by saying that his country was a free country and would always remain so.
[+ speech] “I don’t like your weather!” she shouted, "and I don't, " she continued, "like your food."
2) break sth. up phrasal verb
to divide into many pieces, or to divide something into many pieces: 分裂
The company has been broken up and sold off.
If an occasion when people meet breaks up or someone breaks it up, it ends and people start to leave: 解散,结束,放假
The meeting broke up at ten to three.
We broke up for the holidays in June.
If a marriage breaks up or two people in a romantic relationship break up, their marriage or their relationship ends: (婚姻,友谊等)破裂
Jenny and George have broken up.
She’s just broken up with her boyfriend.
break 常用短语
break out (START) phrasal verb
If something dangerous or unpleasant breaks out, it suddenly starts: (灾难等)突然爆发
War broke out in 1914.
Fighting has broken out all over the city. break out (ESCAPE) phrasal verb
to escape from prison:
They broke out of prison and fled the country.
break through sth. phrasal verb
to force yourself through something that is holding you back: 突破
Protesters broke through the barriers.
break away phrasal verb
to leave or to escape from someone who is holding you: 挣脱, 摆脱
He grabbed her, but she managed to break away.
FIGURATIVE One or two of the tourists broke away from the tour group.
break down phrasal verb
If a machine or vehicle breaks down, it stops working: (机器等)出故障
Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road.
If a system, relationship or discussion breaks down, it fails because there is a problem or disagreement.(谈判等)失败
to be unable to control your feelings and to start to cry: 崩溃
When we gave her the bad news, she broke down and cried.
break in/break into sth. phrasal verb
to get into a building or car using force, usually to steal something: 强行闯入
The burglars broke in through the kitchen window.
My car’s been broken into twice this month.
break in phrasal verb
to interrupt when someone else is talking: 插嘴
As she was talking, he suddenly broke in, saying, “That’s a lie”.
break into sth. phrasal verb
to suddenly begin to do something: 突然爆发
He felt so happy that he broke into song (= suddenly began to sing).
She walked quickly, occasionally breaking into a run (= starting to run).
break sth. off phrasal verb
to separate a part from a larger piece, or to become separate: 折断
He broke off a piece of chocolate.
to end a relationship: 中断
They’ve broken off their engagement.
The governments have broken off diplomatic relations.
She broke off in the middle of a sentence.
1. The computer system suddenly __________while he was searching for information on the Internet. (2006辽宁）
A. broke down B. broke out
C. broke up D. broke in
2. I was still sleeping when the fire __________, and then it spread quickly. (2006 广东)
A. broke out B. put out
C. came out D. got out
3. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _________ with no agreement reached. (2005湖北）
A．have broken down
B．have broken out
C．have broken in
D．have broken up