课件87张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 1Extensive readingRevision Write an email or a postcard to a friend telling him about the place where you are on holiday.
The place I would like to visit would be
Mars. I only know that it is the closest planet to the Earth, and it is the most similar to the Earth. Although Mars isthe fourth closest planet to the sun, it is still much colder than the Earth. Like the satellites pictures showed that Mars has lots of craters, and scientists speculate that perhaps Mars used to be like the Earth billions of years ago. I think there is more to Mars than what the scientists believe. I believe there is life on Mars. Perhaps the definition of life on Mars is different from the Earth. It could be that the life there does not need oxygen, but other kinds of gases. I would imagine that life may not be active, because Mars has been hit by meteorites andthe surface has been very much bombarded. So I presume the life that still exist would not be like life on Earth. I have no idea what the weather would be like, but I can presume it would be very cold, since Mars is much further from the sunthan the Earth. As for its special features, I think if one stands on the surface of Mars, we can see the whole universe clearer than on the Earth. And perhaps it’s a million times more beautiful than the Earth. I hope one day we can have more exploration on Mars and solve the mystery. Listening on page 46Mardi Gras 的由来是在于天主教徒在复活节之前会有斋戒的仪式, 通常在 Mardi Gras Day (今年是 Feb. 16) 会有连续二星期的庆祝活动。 Mardi Gras is a traditional holiday celebrated in many of the southern states of the USA. It is the biggest carnival in America. The most famous celebration takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana. The people there enjoy this celebration by going to parades where they catch “beads, cups, and trinkets” that are all thrown from floats. The official colors for Mardi Gras are purple, green, and gold. These colors where chosen in 1872 by the King of Carnival, Rex. He chose these colors to stand for the following:
purple represents justice green stands for faith gold stands for powerparties Name of radio programme
__________________
Interviewer’s name__________
Traveller’s name____________
Place to be discussed
_____________ Complete the notes.Traveller’s TalesTom PriceMandy LongNew OrleansAnswer the questions:
Which part of the United States is it in?
In the far south of the USA on the Mississippi River, not far from the Gulf of Mexico. Which kind of climate do you think
it would have?
Hot and humid, but warm and pleasant in the evening.What is this place famous for?
Mardi Gras and jazz.
Where did the ancestors of the people living there come from?
Africa, South and Central America, Europe.Answer key for Exercise 3:
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. FTFTTFTTTHot and humidWhat happened on these dates?1812_______________________________
1857_____________________________
________Louisiana became a state of the USA.The first Mardi Gras celebration was held.Tick the graph below that best describes the population of New Orleans.Listening text TOM: This is Tom Price, and you are listening to Traveller’s Tales, a weekly programme about travel. Today on the show, we have Mandy Long, who has just returned from New Orleans. Welcome, Mandy.MANDY: Thank you for having me.
TOM: Now first, tell us exactly where
New Orleans is.
MANDY: It’s in the far south of the United States, on the Mississippi River, about 160 kilometres from the Gulf of Mexico.TOM: And what’s the climate like there?
MANDY: Well, it can get quite hot and humid. But the evenings are usually wonderfully warm and pleasant.
TOM: I see. So what made you want to go to New Orleans?MANDY: I think it was the Mardi Gras. This is a world famous festival that goes on for about three weeks every year. People hold parties in the street and there’s music and dancing everywhere. And there are thirty or forty parades. Everyone in the parades wears fancy dress. Apparently it started in 1857 as a Christian religious festival. These days Mardi Gras earns over US$ 840 million in tourism for New Orleans!
TOM: It must be huge.MANDY: Yeah, it is. And you don’t get much sleep as the celebrations go on all night.
TOM: Apart from the Mardi Gras
what else did you enjoy about
New Orleans?
MANDY: It’s hard to know where to start. New Orleans has sucha diverse and interesting culture. New Orleans is in the state of Louisiana, which at different times belonged to the French, the Spanish and the English. Then in 1812 it became part of the United States. So New Orleans is now home to a mixture of nationalities andraces, including the ancestors of slaves from Africa. When they were freed, many came to live in New Orleans. Today New Orleans has a population of about half a million, of whom 62% are African-American, 35% are white and about 3% are Hispanic. So, New Orleans has a rich mix of music, food and culture. And many different architectural styles too.
TOM: I see. So how did you spend your time in New Orleans?
MANDY: Well, I spent a lot of time…(fade out)Listening Task on page 50 1. Have you heard this kind of music before? If so, where?
2. What do you call this music?
3. Where does it originally come from? When did it begin?4. What race and nationality first developed this type of music?
5. Do you like this music? Give reasons for liking or disliking it. Look at the pictures and discuss what you think is happening. A coffin is being carried by a horse-driven cart, and many people are marching behind it.Jazz funeral There is a brass band, with some people blowing trumpets.Many people are dancing in the street, and some of them are holding umbrellas. brass musical instrument with a bright ringing tone;
person who play the instrument consisting of a hollow round frame;
ceremony of burying, burning dead people;trumpet:drummer:funeral: box holding a dead body;
v. walk as soldiers do, with regular steps of equal length; n. piece of music written for marching to;
rite; fun_ction; protocol
coffin:march:ceremony:Answer key for Exercise 3:1. Phil thought the first music he heard was ___.
2. Mandy explained that they played this kind of music when ________ _____________________________ ______.sad the coffin was taken to the graveyard to be buried3. The second piece of music Mandy played for Phil was much ________ __________.
4. The second piece of music is an example of the kind of music that is played ______________________ __________________________________________. happier / more lively after the body has been buried and the people are leaving the graveyard5. While the second kind of music is playing, everyone __________ _____.
6. They do this to ______________ __________________________.
dances and sings celebrate the life of the person who has just diedA JAZZ FUNERAL
Mandy is listening to a jazz CD she bought while she was in New Orleans. Listen to her talking to Phil about a jazz funeral.Listening textPHIL: What’s that music you’re playing?
MANDY: It’s “Swing low sweet chariot”. It’s off a CD I bought while I was in New Orleans.
PHIL: It’s a bit sad, isn’t it?MANDY: It’s supposed to be. It’s music from a Jazz funeral.
PHIL: Why do you want to play such
unhappy music?
MANDY: Oh, it’s only at the beginning that it’s sad. Listen to this one from later on.PHIL: That’s more like it! They play
that at funerals?
MANDY: At a jazz funeral yes. You see it’s a very old tradition. Four centuries ago, in Africa, the ancestors of the American slaves used to have a special ceremony to bury the dead. When the slaves were brought to America, they promised each other they would make sure they still had a proper funeral. And from that promise grew the jazz funeral?
PHIL: So what happens at a jazz funeral?
MANDY: Well, everyone meets at the church where they have a Christian ceremony. Then after the ceremony, the coffin is carried through the streets to where it will be buried. Everyone walks slowly behind the coffin and a
plays serious church songs.
PHIL: Then what happens?
MANDY: After they’re buried the body, the people walk slowly an sadly away. Then, when they get a certain distance away, the leader of the band plays afew notes on a trumpet and the drummer begins drumming. This is the sign for a change of emotion. Then everyone starts singing and dancing to celebrate the dead person’s life. Many of the people use umbrellas in their dances.PHIL: You saw one of these jazz funerals, did you?
MANDY: Yes, I was really lucky to see a traditional funeral for a famous jazz musician.
PHIL: Wow. You were lucky. So let me hear some more of your CD.MANDY: Sure. Listen to this …(fade out on more jazz music)Reading task Louis Armstrong, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on August 4, 1901 (according to the most recent research), in the poorest section of town. He overcame poverty to become one of the most important people in the history of music, and his low rough singing voice is easy to recognize. He also appeared in many films. Louis Armstrong ParkSkimmingGreat jazz musicianChildhoodLearning to play musicPlaying & recording Acting & writingDeathLouis ArmstrongScanningBornSang to earn moneyArrested and sent to school
Learn how to play musicWorked in bands
Learned jazzWorked in a best bandBecame a musician Traveled in the USA
Introduced his jazzRecorded his music
Popular as a jazz starTraveled to EuropePlayed, recorded, acted, wrote Traveled aboard as a ambassador, Spoke publiclyDiedLanguage points1. Some people are considered great, not just because of their achievements but also because of their personalities. 一些人被认为是伟大的,不仅仅是因为他们的成绩, 而且是因为他们的品质。第一、作“考虑、思考”时的搭配如下:
consider + n. / pron.
Have you considered the suggestion?
2) consider + v-ing, 但不能接不定式的一般式
We considered going to see the doctor the next day.consider的用法: You must consider to tell him something about it.??( 错误)
3)?consider + 疑问词 + 不定式,例如:
He is considering how to improve his English.
4) consider + 从句,例如：
Have you considered when we should go there?第二、作“认为、把……当作/看作”等
意思时的搭配如下：
consider + sb./sth. + (to be/as) + n. / adj.,例如：
I consider him to (be/as) my best friend.
Everyone considers him (to be) clever.2)?consider + sb. /sth. + 不定式短语 (作宾语补足语), 不能接不定式的一般式
We consider them to be working very hard.
We consider them to have finished the work.We consider him to be the clever in our class.
We must consider him to go there at once.??(错误)3) consider + 宾语从句
We considered that the film was worth seeing for another time.
I don’t consider that he has a final say in this matter.as well as 用来强调“前者”,后者只起陪衬作用。如果A as well as B短语用作主语的话,则后面的谓语的单复数当与A保持一致。而not only A but also B 是强调B。as well as与not only...but also...Liu Fang as well as her parents was invited to the party.
Not only he but also his father is coming to see you.2. Although some boys in his situation might have turned to crime to get money for food and clothing, Louis never did. 尽管处于他这种情况的一些孩子可能转向犯罪来获取衣食的钱, 但刘易斯从来也没有这样做。may (might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth. 表示过去, 推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
He may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
情态动词+have done的其他用法：must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”的意思。
---Mary has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone by bus.2) ought to have done sth, should have done sth. 本应该做某事, 而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment. He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away. (事实上已扔了。)
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
3) needn’t have done sth. 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn’t have done so. The weather was hot.3. Instead he and several other boys sang on the streets of New Orleans to earn a few cents from passers-by. 相反他和其他几个孩子在新奥尔良的大街上唱歌, 从过路人那里挣得几分钱。辨析: instead与instead of
1) instead意为“代替”“替代”,作副词用,通常位于句尾。如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开。instead在顺接句子中作“代替”讲, 而在转折(或逆转)句子中作“然而”讲。
??? Lily isn’t here. Ask Lucy instead.
?? Lily不在这儿, 去问Lucy吧. 注意: 当instead在祈使句中时,只能位于句末。
? She didn’t answer me, instead, she asked me another question. 她没有回答我, 反而问了我另外一个问题。2) instead of是介词短语,意思是“代替”、“而不”, 它后面常接宾语,宾语多由名词、代词、介词、短语、动词+ ing 形式充当。
??? I’ll go instead of her.= She won’t go.
I’ll go instead. 我会替她去。 Instead of going to Qingdao. I’m going to Dalian this year. 今年我将去大连, 而不去青岛。
As I’m busy, could you attend the meeting instead of me? 因为我很忙, 你能替我去参加会议吗？Yesterday I went to school on foot instead of by bus. 昨天我是步行而不是坐公共汽车去学校的。
4. When Joe Oliver left New Orleans in 1917, Louis took over his job in one of the best bands in town. 当乔·奥利佛与1917年离开新奥尔良时, 刘易斯接管了他在这镇上最好的一个乐队的工作。take over 接任;接管
The new department head took over yesterday. 新的部门领导昨天接任。
Romans took over from the Greeks their philosophy and arts. 罗马人承袭了希腊人的哲学和艺术。5. Before long, he had become a very big jazz star, as popular as major rock stars are today. 不久, 他成为了一名非常出名的爵士明星, 像今天的主要摇滚明星一样的受欢迎。辨析: before long和long before
before long不久以后, long before很久以前 not long before = before long
The telephone which you will use __will be very modern. A. long ago B. before long C. long after D. long before1. My friend, Jim Green, will come back to Beijing __________ .
2. It was not __________everyone came to know her.根据句意,用before long或long before填空。before longlong before3. __________, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.
4. Well, I’m sure he will return __________. Just sit here and wait for him．Before longbefore long Homework1. Ask the students to read the passage again after class and do Activity 3 and list the reasons why the writer says that Louis Armstrong was considered great.
2. Ask the students to talk about and write about some places in China.课件79张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 1Grammar1.概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句Who will win the match is still unknown.
I want to know what he has told you.
The fact is that we have lost the game.
The news that we won the game is exciting. 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词/从属连词that, whether, if?不充当从句的任何成分
连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词: when,?where,?how,?why3. 不可省略的连词：
1) 介词后的连词
2)?引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That?she?was?chosen?made?us?very?happy.
We?heard?the?news?that?our?team?had?won. 一. 主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。That the earth is round is true.
= It is true that the earth is round. 主语从句的用法2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided.
= It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.
注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任 句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略 (注:if不可用来引导主语从句）二. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that…是常识
(2) It is＋形容词＋从句 (多用 should)
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It is ＋ 过去分词＋从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说… It is certain that he will come.
It is said that some American friends will visit our school next week.
It happened that we were out for a walk yesterday evening.
It doesn’t matter whether I stay or not.三. 用带-ever的引导词 (如whoever, whatever) 引导的主语从句一般不后置。
Whoever leaves the room last should close the door.
Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.四. it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.五. what与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that 则不然,即不担任成分。例如：
What you said yesterday is right.
That she is still alive is a consolation.
句子结构：
主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句
连接词:
从属连词that, whether, if
连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what
连接副词 where, how, why, when 宾语从句的用法：He has got a pen. I think…
I think ( that ) he has got a pen.
Where do they study English? Lily asks…
Lily asks where they study English.
Will you help me? I ask…
I ask if you will help me.一. 连词 (引导词)
1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句), 连词由that引导, 因为that在从句中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.
Jane said (that) she wasn’t late for the meeting. 2. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由特殊疑问词充当连接词, 因为该特殊疑问词(即连接词)在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?
I don’t remember when we arrived.
I asked him where I could get so much money.
Please tell me who we have to see.
Do you know what time the plane leaves? Mary wrote an article on ___ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what
C. who D. that I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that
C. how D. which3. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成是否,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。
Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .
Let’s see if /whether we can find out some information about that city . 注意:
① 关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下：
A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如：
The question is whether the film is
worth seeing.
The news whether our team has
won the match is unknown.B) 在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时, whether和if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用whether。如:
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如:
It all depends (on) whether they will support us.
D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如：
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
E) 后面紧接or not 时。如：
We didn’t know whether or not
she was ready.② 关联词if, whether均可使用的情况如下：
A) 引导宾语从句。如：
I wonder if (whether) the news is
true or not.
B) 在 “be+形容词” 之后。如：
He was not sure whether (if) it is
right or wrong.③ 关联词只能用 whether或if, 不能用that的情况如下：
若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句用whether或if，主句为否定句或疑问句用that。如：
I doubt whether he will come soon. I do not doubt that he will come soon.
Do you doubt that he will come soon
注意: 下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认
为……未必可能”。
I doubt that he will come.4. 跟在介词后的宾语从句: 宾语从句放在介词后作介词的宾语, 在使用这种结构时不能丢掉介词。
There is no news about whether a new bridge will be built.
We are considering of where these trees should be planted.二. 语序: 连接词＋陈述句
合成一个句子：
He would be back in an hour. He said…
He said (that) he would be back in an hour.Do they speak English? We want to know…
We want to know if/whether they can speak English.
What is her name? He asks me…
He asks me what her name is.
三. 时态：
如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。When will Professor Li give us a talk? We wanted to know …
We want to know when Professor Li would give us a talk.
Jim is a good student. The teacher said …
The teacher (that) Jim was a good student. Has Mr. Green been in Beijing for five years? He asked …
He asked if/whether Mr. Green had been in Beijing for five years.四. 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词之后,宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。
I don’t think he will see you.
I don’t believe he will go.
We don’t expect he is coming.
I don’t think he can do it, can he? 注: 此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we. 而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定。
I don’t think he can do it, can he?
I don’t think you are right, are you?
在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建议,命令,要求的动词后,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如:
I insisted that he（should）do it at once.
She suggested that the work (should) be finished at once. 注意:
1. 当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时, 连词用that。
1) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.2) He asks if I like playing the piano .
3. 如果从句中含有or或or not时,只能用whether而不用if。
Do you know whether he is right or not?
I don’t care whether he’ll stay here or not.
I don’t know whether it is going to rain or not.五. 在接复合宾语的句子中, 为了保持句子平衡, 用it 作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾, 常接复合宾语的动词有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think...
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
I?think?it?a?pity?to?waste?the?food. I hate ___when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that
C. these D. them
在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句, 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
That’s what we should do.
That’s why I want to see you. 表语从句的用法 The reason for my absence was that I was ill.
1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句：
My suggestion is that we should go shopping.
It seems that it is going to rain. 2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
It was because I got up late.
3. 在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如:
The trouble is (that) he is ill. 注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时, 引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。 The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus. 4. 主句的主语是名词idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement时, 表语从句应用虚拟语气,即: (should) +v.
My suggestion is that we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just setting it aside. --Do you think it necessary that he ____to Miami but to New York?
--I agree, but the problem is___ he has refused to.
will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; whatCan you make sure __ the gold ring?
(MET 89)
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice out C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
2. ___we need money is quite clear. A. If B. What C. That D. 练习：3. ___ the car can be used has not been known yet. A. If B. What C. That D. Whether
4. ___we can’t understand is ___he didn’t join us in our discussion. A. That; why B. Which; how C. What; what D. What; why5. They expressed the hope ___ they would come over to China again. A. which B. whom C. what D. that
6. Word came ___ his poem won the first prize. A. that B. whether C. as D. because7.?The young man asked ___ it’s summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether
8.??We don’t know ____ they did it. A. how B. who C. what D. which 9. The teacher asks us __ Jim can come back on time. A. that B. if C. when D. what time
10. Does anybody know __ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D. that 11. Could you tell me where we __ next week. A. would go B. to go C. had to go D. will go
12. Could you tell me how much __to fly to Hainan? A. do it cost B. does it cost
C. it cost D. it costs13. The small children don’t know __. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings14. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see ___ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
15. Could you tell me how long ___? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China16. He says that if it ____ tomorrow, he ____ fishing. A. will rain, won’t go B. rained, wasn’t go C. rains, won’t go D. rain, will go 17. Did you understand___? A. what she said B. what to say C. what did she said D. how she had said
18. The girl is thinking about __she will go abroad to study English next year. A. if B. what C. whether D. when19. The teacher said that___. A. the sun moves around the earth B. the earth moved around the sun C. the moon is our satellite D. the moon was our satellite20. I don’t know when he ___back. Please tell him the news when he ___back. A. come; will come B. comes; comes C. will come; comes D. will come; will come 21. I don’t know if his uncle ____. I think he ____if he is free. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come
22. There is not much different between the two. I really don’t know____. A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I chose D. what I choose23. No one knows____. A. which gate we have to go B. which gate we must go C. which gate do we have to go to D. which gate we have to go to24. - Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
-Oh, that’s_______. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 25. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. (NMET 99)
-Is that___ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
26. I _____that you _____here in the classroom.
A. don’t know ; are
B. didn’t know ; were
C. didn’t know ; are
D. don’t know ; were27. __fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 28. ___ she couldn’t understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
29. A computer can only do ___ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when30. We believe ___ you have been devoted to ___ naturally of great necessity. A. That; being B. all that; be C. that all; are D. what; is
31. My mother asked ____ with me. A. what wrong was B. what the matter was C. what was the matter D. what is wrong
32. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do . A. how B. after C. what D. when33. My hometown is different from __it used to be. A. that B. when C. what D. which
34. I am interested in __is helpful to him. A. that B. what C. which D. wherethat比较: I am interested in all ____ is helpful to him.35. This reminded me of ____ he had once told us. A. what B. that C. which D. when36. The teacher ordered all the exercise books ___ before school is over. A. must be handed in B. would be handed in C. be handed in D. should hand in 37. If depends on ____ we will be ready in time. A. whether B. that C. if D. when
38. ____ do you think is the best doctor in the hospital? A. Whom B. What C. Who D. Whose 39. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ___it is rough or smooth. A.不填 B. whether C. how D. what
40. Mary wrote an article on ____ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that 改错：
1). I want to know that what it is.
I want to know what it is.
2). I can’t understand that the teacher said.
I can’t understand what the teacher said.3). I don’t know this is whose bike.
I don’t know whose bike this is.
4). He asked me where was Mary.
He asked me where Mary was .
5). Do you remember how much did you pay for the book?
Do you remember how much you paid for the book?课件25张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 1Language StudyRevision Why is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community?1. The Native Americans of California are continuing to heal from the wounds of the past. As California recognizes the value of its multi-ethnic diversity, its native people are encouraged to celebrate their heritage and share it with the wider California culture.2. The number of African Americans in California increased dramatically following the turn of the 20th century. Although old patterns of prejudice persisted, Africans Americans advanced in politics, business, sports and entertainment. School segregation anddiscrimination in housing were banned, but problems of unemployment, underemployment and racism continue to be addressed in the African American community.3. By 1990, the number of European and Canadian immigrants had fallen dramatically, to less than 10 percent, and the number of immigrants from Mexico and Central America had climbed to well over half of the total. 4. Additionally, California's share of Asian immigrants doubled and now accounts for 40 percent of new immigrants in the state. Suffixation 后缀 A suffix is a particle, which is added to the end of a root. Suffixes do not change the meaning of the root, but its part of speech.
e.g. lead (v.)→ leadership (n.)
ill (adj.)→ illness (n.) Although each suffix has its own meaning, it can’t be used separately without the root.
However, some suffixes add new meanings to the newly formed words.e.g. meaning → meaningless
think → thinker1. Suffixes used as a noun signifier 2. Suffixes used as an adjective signifier 3. Suffixes used as a verb signifier Exercise 1 on page 4:n. a kind of system about slavesn. people in Spain or a native language spoken in Spain adj. of Spain; of the people or languageWord study Let’s review the useful words and expressions in the passage.adj. relating to all Christians or the whole Christian Church;n. member of the Roman Catholic Churchv. make or prepare sth. by putting substances , etc together;be able to be combined; make a suitable combinationn. mixing or being mixed; combination of two or more substancesn. citizenship of one’s countryn. the greater number or part; mostn. the greater number or
part; mostn. person who has come to
love permanently in a
foreign countryn. portion of every hundredmake a livingnumerous, abundant, a
great number ofHomework 1. Ask the students to finish Activities
1-3 on page 48 in the workbook.
2. Ask the students to prepare for the
grammar about the Noun Clauses.课件116张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 1Reading Unit 1
A land of diversity
一个多元文化的国土Warming upAmerica lies in the South of North America. It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.
The northern land neighbour is Canada, and the southern is Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico.Mississippi RiverLocation United States of America is composed of a federal district - Washington DC and 50 states. All the states except for Hawaii islands are situated in mainland America. It has a population of about 2,900 million. Its area is 9,370,000 sq km. The climate of USA is mainly temperate in nature but in Hawaii and Florida, it is tropical.Star-Spangled Banner The American flag consists of 13 horizontal stripes, with 7 red stripes alternating with 6 white stripes. The upper left corner has a rectangular blue field, containing 50 five-pointed white stars. The stripes of the American flag symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States of America. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union. The stars are arranged in a circle so that no one colony would be viewed above another. The White House The executive mansion of the President of the United States. The American President lives and works in the building. The Statue of Liberty The crowned lady is 46 meters high, with a torch in her right hand holding aloft and Declaration of Independence in her left.SeattleSan FranciscoLos AngelesDenverHoustonNew OrieansMiamiAtlantaBostonNew YorkPhiladelphigWashington, D.CAppalachianRocky MountainsMexicoChieagoDetroitSt. LouisCanadaAtlantic OceanPacific Oceanthe MississippiSuperiorMichiganErieHuronOntario1. Which flag is American flag?
A. B. C.2. Which city is the capital of the USA?
New York
Washington D.C
Los Angeles (the stars and stripes)Competition about the general knowledge of USA. 3. Which state is the largest one in the US?
A. New York B. Texas C. Los Angeles4. How many stars are there on the American flag?
A. 52 B. 50 C. 135.Which city is known as the “Big Apple”?
A. New York B. Chicago C. Los Angeles6. In which year was the constitution written?
A. 1779 B. 1789 C. 17997. Which is the longest river in the US?
A. Nile B. Yangtze River C. Mississippi8. What language do most state names come from?
A. Spanish B. English C. Native American’s9. Who is the person on the one-dollar note?
A. Jefferson B. Washington C. Franklin10. When is American Independence Day?
A. June 4th B. July 4th C. D. August 14th 11.George Bush is the ____ president in the USA.
A. 41st & 42nd B. 43rd &44th C. 44th & 45th 12. California is the ____ largest state in the USA.
A. third B. second C. fourth D. fifth13. California, a state in the western USA, borders _____
the Pacific Ocean B. the Indian Ocean
C. the Atlantic Ocean D. the Arctic Ocean14. _____ is California’s largest and the nation’s second largest city.
Sacramento B. Los Angeles
C. San Diego D. San Francisco15. California’s official nickname is the ___
Sunflower State B. Golden State
C. Land of Opportunity D. Evergreen State16. ____ has the largest population in the USA.
A. California B. Alaska C. Washington D. Texas17. California entered the Union on September 9,1850, as the ___ state.
A. thirtieth B. thirty-eighth
C. thirty-second D. thirty-firstPre-reading It has an area of 411.ooo square kilometers. And it is one of the American states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. California is amazing. The pleasant weather, long beach and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous. How each picture is relevant to the history of California?Native American Indian—one of the first people to live in California.A gold miner—the discovery of gold in California created a gold rush which brought people from all over the world to California. A building in Chinatown, San Francisco—Many Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco. It shows us a Catholic religious man who came California to teach the natives. In the early 16th century, Spanish fought against the na?ve people , took their land and settled in California. So many African Americans were having classes in the school. In 1924, the United States
Congress gave Native Americans the same
rights as other citizens for the first time.
School segregation and discrimination in housing were banned, but African Americans still encountered prejudice and hostility.Some pictures about the history of California!Native AmericansGold Rush PeriodThe Gold RushNew wordsmajority n. 大多数；大半
percentage n. 百分比；百分率
mix n. 混合；结合
mixture n. 混合物；混合
occur vi. 发生；出现
indicate vt. 指出；表明apparent adj. 显然的；表面上的
slip vi. 滑动；滑跤
hire vt.& n. 租用；雇佣
insert vt. 插入；嵌入
react vi. 做出反应；回应Reading 1. Who were the first to arrive in California to rush for gold?
South Americans and people from the United States.Scanning2. When and why did the large number of Chinese immigrate to California?
During the Gold Rush Period, many Chinese immigrated to California to achieve their dream of becoming rich. In the 1860s,a large number of Chinese went there to build the railway from the west to east coast.3. What attracted people from different parts of the world to immigrate to California?
I think the temperate climate attracted immigrants to California. Maybe the modern lifestyle there is more attractive to people from other parts of the world.4. What is the main idea of the passage?
(use one sentence to describe it). California is a state made up of various people from almost all parts of the world.Detailed readingCALIFORNIAAsiansNatives15,0001600sArrived firstSuffered by
EuropeansSpanish1600s1800s18211846Declared war
& Given backTook natives
landRuled by SpainBecame part of MexicoRussiansSouth
Americans
Americans,
Europeans,
Asians1800s18481850Discovered
&Rush for
goldSettled inBecame a
stateAfricans1800sMoved from
MexicoChinese1860sBuilt the
railwayJapaneseEarly
1900FarmedDemark1911Established
a townJewishBy 1920sDeveloped
industryItaliansLate 1900sFished and
made wineAfricans1942~1945Worked in
ship &
aircraft
industriesIndians,
PakistanisCambodians,
Koreans,
Vietnamese,
Laotians1970sRecent
decadesWorked
in
Computer
industryImmigratedDifferent
partsFutureImmigrated1. California is the third largest state in USA but has the largest population.
2. It’s known that when exactly the first people arrived in what we now know as California.
3. The native people suffered greatly after the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century.
4. Over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first language.
5. In the 1800s, Russian fur trappers, began settling in California.FTTTF6. A lot of people rushing for gold lost their lives or went back home, but most of them left in California to make a living for themselves in the new towns or on farms.
7. Compared with the period of gold rush, less Chinese immigrate to California during the period of building the railway from the west to the east coast.
8. By the 1920s, the film industry was well established in California.TTF9. It is the computer industry since its beginning in 1970s that has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.
10. With more immigrants coming to California now and then, It is believed that before long there will be a even greater mix of nationalities in this state.TT Discussion Why is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community?
Explain in your own words.
Write three or four sentences.
Compare your answer with others in your class.Explanation 1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲, 但是人口最多。注意
(1) 对人口提问用what, 不用how many, how much。
What’s the population of the city?
这个城市有多少人口？ (2) population 作主语时用单数，但前有分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词用复数。
The population of China is larger than that of America.
中国人口比美国人口多。
80% of the population are farmers.
百分之80的人口是农民。 (3) 人口的增加或减少用grow (increase) 和 fall (decrease); 人口的多少用large和small。 The population of China ___ large. And 70% of the population of China _____ peasants.isare 2. This is not surprising when you know the history of California, which, at various times, has attracted people from nearly every country in the world.
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史时, 这就不足为奇了。它在不同的时期吸引了几乎来自世界各个国家的人们。 1）句中which引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词California, 且在定语从句中作主语。
注意:
which引导限制性定语从句时，通常可与that换用，但引导非限制性定语从句时不能用that。 which 在非限制性定语从句中除指代前面的先行词之外，还可指代前面的整个句子，或句子的一部分。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思, 这使我心烦。2）辨析: nearly与almost
almost与nearly意思相同, 当与动词, 副词, 形容词和名词连用时, 这两个词可以互换。如：
It’s almost (nearly) three o’clock.
差不多三点了。 但almost可以与no, none, nothing, never等词连用，但nearly不可以。如：
Almost no one believed her.
几乎没人相信她。
She said almost nothing．??
她几乎什么也没说。
I almost never see her．??
我几乎总看不到她。 nearly前可以和not连用，not nearly是“远不如”的意思，但almost不和not单独连用。more, than, too用nearly,不用almost.
The problem is not nearly so difficult to work as you think.
这道题远不像你想的那么难解。
The bike is pretty nearly new.
这辆自行车相当新。 3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.
no one really knows 是主句, exactly when… California是know的宾语从句。what we… California是宾语从句, 作介词in的宾语。 4. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
但是美洲土著居民有可能至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚居住了。 1) sb./sth. is likely to do sth.
某人/某物有可能做某事
It is likely/probable/possible that...
有可能
It is possible for sb. to do sth....
有可能做...2) 辨析：likely, possible与probable
possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。 probable: 句型为 It is probable that…
possible: 句型为 It’s possible (for sb.)
to do sth;
It’s possible that…
likely?的主语可以是人，而possible与 probable的主语不能是人。? Is?he?likely?to?win??
他有可能获胜吗？?
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow.
他明天可能来, 但也不一定准来。5. Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们相信这些最初的定居者是通过史前存在的陆路桥, 穿过白令海峡从亚洲到阿拉斯加州。by means of… 用……办法, 借助He couldn’t speak, but made himself understood by means of signs.辨析in this wayby this methodin this manner强调的是用简便的方法, in有时可以省略强调做事、行为的方式、方法 有条理的办事方法 6. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.
在16世纪, 欧洲人到来之后, 当地人陷入了极大的苦难。vi. 受痛苦；受损害
vt. 遭受；忍受suffer 辨析：suffer与suffer from
suffer (vt.) 和suffer from的区别: suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等, 其宾语为pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折)，但suffer from表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。 suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤
suffer from headache/illness/war/the flood
遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争/ 洪水 辨析：die from, die of
die of 死于疾病、饥饿, 多指内部原因。
die from 常用死于创伤、交通事故, 多指外部未知原因。7. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.
除此之外, 许多人死于欧洲带来的疾病。 die of cancer/hunger/sorrow/thirst/
old age
死于癌症／饥饿／悲痛／干旱／衰老
die from a wound/overwork/an unknown cause
死于外伤／过度劳累／不明原因
Many of them died of starvation.
The soldier died from a wound in the breast. Some die of hunger, but some _____ eating too much.
A. die from B. from
C. X D. of 8. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native people and took their land.
16世纪早期, 西班牙士兵到达南美洲, 这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。
fight for
“为事业, 自由, 真理, 权利等而斗争(战斗)”
fight against (可用with) the enemy
“为反对……而斗争”；接人和国家名词， 意思是“与……战斗”辨析: fight against, fight for与fight with fight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战
fight a war/ battle 打一场战争
They are fighting for freedom.
他们正为自由而战。 9. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men who came to tech the Catholic religion to the natives.
在第一批来到加利福尼亚的西班牙人中大多数是来向土著人传授天主教教义的传道士。 1)句中Spanish前面有序数词限定成分，故其后用不定式定语形式。
She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.
2)majority作“多数，大半”讲, 单独作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数, 在强调“多数成员的各个成员”时, 谓语动词也可用复数。 the majority of后可用单数名词, 也可用复数名词, 谓语动词的数与of 后面的名词相一致。 The majority____________ for the budget.
The majority of students ________ hard-working.
The majority of the damage _____ easy to repair.was / wereareis 10. Many died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves in the new towns or on farms. 1) remain的用法:
remain用作不及物动词, 意为 “剩下、留下、呆在”, 相当于stay。如:
When?the?others?had?gone,?Joan?
remained?(=stayed)?to?clean?the?room.?? 别人走了, 琼留下来清扫房间。
stay通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开, 过暂时住在某地, 尤指宾客逗留,而remain指别人已经走了,而某人仍在原地。 He stayed at the hotel for three days.
Only?a?few?leaves?remained?
(=were?still)?on?the?tree.?
树上只剩下几片叶子了。
The?Smiths?remained?there?all?
through?the?year.??
史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。
The?soldiers?were?ordered?to?
remain?where?they?were.??
士兵们接到命令呆在原地。注意:?“呆在那里”可以说remain?/ stay?there,?但“呆在家里”只能说stay?(at)?home.?remain作连系动词, 意为 “一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”,?后可接多种成分作表语。1)?接名词作表语
Peter?became?a?manager?but?John?
remained?a?worker.??
彼得当上了经理, 但约翰仍然是一个工人。
Their?marriage?remains?a?secret.??
他们的婚姻仍然是个秘密。2)?接形容词作表语
Whatever?great?progress?you?
have?made,?you?should?remain?
modest.??
无论你取得了多么大的进步, 你都应一直保持谦虚。
The?shop?remains?open?until?11?at?
night.??
这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。3)?接过去分词作表语, 表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。如:
They?never?remained?satisfied?
with?their?successes.??
他们从不满足于自己的成绩。
(表主语所处的状态)
They?remained?locked?in?the?
room.??
他们仍然被锁在房子里。
(已经发生的被动动作)4) 接现在分词作表语,表示正在进行的动作。如:
The?guests?came?in,?but?she?
remained?sitting?at?the?desk?reading.?? 客人进来了,但她仍然坐在桌旁看书。
(正在进行的主动动作)
They?remained?listening.??
他们一直在听。5)?接不定式作表语, 表示将来的动作。如:
This?remains?to?be?proved.??
这有待证实。
(将来被动动作)
Whether?it?will?do?us?good?remains?
to?be?seen.?
这是否对我们有好处, 还要看一看。 2) make a life
开始新的生活
They go to big cities to make a life.
关于life的短语：
earn/make/get a living 谋生
lead/live a ...life 过着......的生活 Having?a?trip?abroad?is?certainly?
good?for?the?old?couple,?but?it?remains?___ whether?they?will?enjoy?it.? A.?to?see???? B.?to?be?seen?????
C.?seeing??? ?D.?seen?请看2002年的高考题:6)?接介词短语作表语
I?have?remained?in?touch?with?the?
Greens?for?more?than?10?years.??
我和格林一家保持了十多年的联系。
He?had?to?remain?in?hospital?until?
he?was?better.??
他不得不住院, 直到身体好转。注意:?
①?remain?作名词时,表示“剩余物”, 一般用其复数形式。如:
The?remains?of?a?meal?can?be?
given?to?a?pig.?
残汤剩饭可以喂猪。
They?found?some?remains?of?the?
Tang?Dynasty.?
他们发现一些唐代遗物。②?remaining?是形容词, 意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语; 而left则只能作后置定语。如:
There?are?only?5?books?left.?
只剩下五本书了。
He?bought?me?a?gift?with?the?
remaining?money.?
他用剩余的钱给我买了一件礼物。 11. By the time California became the thirty-first state of the United States of America in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国的第31个州为止, 她已经成为一个多元文化的社会。 “by the time + 从句” 作时间状语， 若从句用一般过去时, 主句常用过去完成时; 若从句用一般现在时, 主句就用将来完成时。
By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learnt maths all by himself. 12. ...it was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860.
......, 但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东部海岸的铁路而来到加利福尼亚的。 本句用了强调句It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语, 宾语和状语。
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语：
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：
It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间：
It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
(注意不用when)
强调地点：
It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.练习： 1). It was last night ___ I see the comet. A. the time B. when
C. that D. which 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余用that。 2). It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. 其实本句不是强调句。若是, 去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 “It is…that”, 只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。 13. In more recent decades, California has become home to people from Asia, including Cambodians, Koreans, Vietnamese and Laotians.
最近几十年,加利福尼亚成了亚洲人的家乡,其中包括柬埔寨人、朝鲜人、越南人和老挝人。 这是一个简单句。句中有in the past few years, in recent years 等时间状语时, 句子的谓语动词通常用现成完成时，如: In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 另外, including 是介词, 意为“包括(于……之中)”。Writing style and techniques The passage is a historical narrative article. It introduces briefly the main history events of different periods of times in California. It also describes when, how and why the people from different parts of the world immigratedConsolidation to California. The short history of California is described clearly and accurately, which gives the readers a deep impression. Writing characteristic 1. The text is arranged well in the order of time.
2. The text catches the feature of people and things and uses adjectives.
3. The text centers on the subject and the purpose.
4. The text seems more vivid and lively with the inserted pictures. Main idea The text mainly introduces the
short history of California. It describes the great history events happened in various times. It also tells us when, how and why different people from all over the world having been immigrating to California. It explains to us the reasons why it will be a simple multicultural community in the 21th century.Homework 1. Discuss the question in Activity 4 on page 4, trying to explain the reasons in their own words and write 3~4 sentences.
2. Prepare for the word formations and collect suffixes of the nouns, verbs and adjectives.
