主谓一致精讲精练(浙江省温州市)

高一必修4 Unit1语法学习-主谓一致精讲精练
主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.　可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.
(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:
1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.
如: Air as well as water is matter.　 空气和水都是物质.
No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:
The poet and writer has come.　　 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.　 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)
用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福.
When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.
Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用复数.如:
Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。
6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an 后接单数名词, 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:
Many a boy likes playing basketball.　　 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.
More than one student was late.　　 不只一个学生迟到
More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。
7. none, neither做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:
None of us are (is) perfect.　 人无完人。
None of this worries me.　 这事一点不使我着急。
Neither of his sons likes (like) playing basketball.
8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:
His clothes are good.
但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。
9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:
One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。
(二) 内容一致原则:
1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest,what等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today.　 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.　 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Most of the apples were rotten.　　　 大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:
A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3. 加减乘除用单数.如:
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。
4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。 5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:
　 The British police have only very limited powers.
(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage, population, jewellery, traffic等.
(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public, class 等.如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。
6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,例如：the rich, the young, the old, the poor, the disabled，the dead 等作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
7. 有些词的单复数同形，如;deer, sheep, spicies, means,等我们要根据它们在句子中的实际意义而定。Eg. Every means has been tried, but all means are not fit for the problem. (三) 就近原则 1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:
Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away
你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？ 2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also, not….but…（不是…而是…）. 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：
Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。
姓名： 班级：
主谓一致练习<1>
1. Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.
a. am b. be c. is d. are
2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights.
a. has b. have c. had d. is having
3. Every means ______ tried but without much result.
a. has been b. have been c. are d. is
4. There ______ in this room.
a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures
c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture
5. The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.
a. were b. are c. was d. be
6. Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.
a. am b. is c. are d. was
7. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.
a. is b. are c. has d. was
8. Either the dean(教导主任) or the principal（校长） ______ the meeting.
a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended
9. ______ was wrong.
a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher
c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher
10. "______ twenty dollars a big sum to her "
"I suppose so."
a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were
11. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.
a. are b. has c. is d. were
12. Most of his savings（积蓄） ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.
a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept
13. All that can be done ______.
a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done
14. The professor, together with his son, _________ Lanzhou _________ Beijing.
A. have left …for B. has left…for C. have left …to D. has left …to.
15. More than one worker ______ dismissed.
a. have been b. are c. has been d. has
16. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.
a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized
17. Nobody but Sam and John __________ in the laboratory.
A. are B. had been C. were D. is
18. The surroundings of his house ______ clean now.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
19. The committee （委员会）______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.
a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing
20. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.
a. is b. was c. are d. has been
21. Cattle ______ on the hillside.
a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing
22. The wounded __________ to the hospital at once.
A. were sent B. were send C. is sent D. was send
23. Measles（麻疹） ______ a kind of infectious（传染的） illness.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
24. The Philippines ______ to the south-east of China.
a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays
25. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time.
a. is b. am c. are d. was
26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.
a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going
27. What caused the accident ______ on the road.
a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones
28. Wisky and soda ______ his favorite drink.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
29. ______ is to attend our evening.
a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers
c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer
30. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.
a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having
31. No one except two students ______ the meeting.
a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for
32. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.
a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going
33. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.
a. are b. were c. is d. was
34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.
a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived
35. A number of cars ______ in front of the park
a. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked
36. the number of articles published on smoking ______ amazing.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
37. The majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health.
a. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe
38. The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.
a. is b. are c. were d. be
39. Four-fifths of the crop ______.
a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined
40. Three-fourths of the buildings ______.
a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed
41. Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise.
a. making b. to make c. make d. makes
42. Mathematics ______ the language of science.
a. is b. has been c. are d. have been
43. The young ______ the vital forces in our society.
a. is b. has been c. are d. have been
44. Every man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.
a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known
45. None of them ______ my friends.
a. is b. are c. was d. has been
46. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.
A. are　 　B. is 　 C. were　 　D. be
47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems.
a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve
48. In that country, the rich ______ richer, the poor, poorer.
a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming
49. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.
A. are/is B. are/are　 C. is/are D. are
50. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease ______ likely to develop it.
a. should be b. must be c. is d. are
主谓一致练习答案
1-5 CAADC 6-10CB ADB 11-15 CDBBC 16-20 BDBDC
21-25 DAAAC 26-30 ADADD 31-35 CCCDC 36-40 ADABC
41-45 DACAB 46-50 BBABC