高三英语一轮知识点
回归课本总复习
Book 1 Unit 1---3
词汇与短语:
1. hunt for 搜索, 追寻
2. care about 担心, 关心
3. such as 例如
4. drop sb. a line 给某人写信
5. be fond of 喜欢
6. in order to 为了
7. all the time 一直
8. argue with sb. about sth. 同某人争论某 事
9. all alone 独自
10. develop a friendship with sb. 和某人建立友谊
11. even though 即使, 尽管
12. treat …as 把…当作
13. surf the Internet 上网冲浪
14. on a flight 在飞行中
15. too much太多
16. should have done 本应当做某事
17. be into sth./ doing sth. 喜欢
18. be quick in/ at 在某方面敏捷
19. make oneself at home 别客气
20. in total 总共
21. except for 除了…之外
22. stay up 熬夜
e about 发生
24. end up with以…告终
25. bring in 引进,引来
26. a great many 许多
27. all the way 一路上,从头至尾
municate with 与…交流
29. have a good knowledge of 了解,掌握
30. with 复合结构
31. compare… with… 把…和…进行比较
32. share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦
33. It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其 他成分
34. stay the same 保持不变
35. more or less 或多或少
36. consider doing/sb. to do/ sb,. (to be)
37. get away from 逃离
38. watch out 注意,当心
39. instead of 代替
40. go off 离开
41. protect from 保护,保卫
42. for fun 好玩
知识点归纳:
1.argue (vi.﹠vt.): express an opposite opinion;exchange angry words;quarrel 争论,争辩
常用于以下句型:
argue with sb. about/ over sth 同某人争论某事
argue that…用辩论证明
argue sb. to be 表明,证明
argue for/ against 为/为反对 …而辩论
例句:
⑴The couple next door are always arguing.
隔壁的夫妇总是争吵
⑵We argued with each other about the justice of the war.
我们就这场战争是否正当展开了争论
⑶Mr.Smith argued that he should be paid more.
史密斯先生据理力争他应得到更多的工薪
⑷The way he spends money argues him to be rich.
他花钱的方式说明他很富有
⑸His accent argues him to be a southerner.
他的口音表明他是个南方人
⑹He argues that the experiment could be done in another way.
他论证说这项实验可以换一种方法进行
⑺The workers argued for the right to strike.
工人们为争取罢工的权利而辩论
* argument (n.) 争论,论据,论点
⑴They got into quite a heated argument.
他们的争论达到了白热化。
⑵We couldn’t follow his argument.
我们不理解他的论点。
2.too much 具有形容词、副词和代词的功能,在句中可作定语、表语、状语、主语或宾语,表示“太多(的)、过分(的)、好极(的)”意思
⑴But too much snow can cause trouble.
但是雪太大可能引起麻烦(too much为形容词,作定语)
⑵She is afraid the trip will be too much for me.
她认为这次旅行对我来说强人所难(too much为形容词,作表语)
⑶She does not talk too much.
她谈得不太多(too much为副词,作状语)
⑷Too much has been said about it.
关于这事讲得太多了(too much为代词,作主语)
辨析:much too “太…”,中心词是副词too,用来修饰形容词和副词,在句中作状语
⑴These shoes are much too narrow for me.
这双鞋我穿实在太窄了
⑵You are much too thin to play the part of Falstaff.
你太瘦了,不能演福尔塔夫这个角色
高考题例:
Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.(NMET2003)
A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much
分析:
heavy为形容词,故应用much too修饰
答案:A
3. in order to do sth.
so as to do sth
to do sth
它们都可作目的状语,其区别如下:
* 这三种不定式作目的状语,在意义上并无多大差别,相比而言,to do 比较普遍,后两种在语气上稍重些,而so as to do 比较口语化,in order to do则比较正式
* 为了加强语势,突出目的,可将to do 或in order to do放在句首。
注:so as to do 不能放在全句的前面,它只能后置
⑴China is paying more and more attention to education in order to/so as to/to catch up with advanced countries in science and technology.
中国对教育越来越重视,为的是科技上赶上发达国家
⑵In order to find the book, he searched the whole house.
为了找到那本书,他翻遍了整个房子
⑶To hear better, we’ll sit in the front row.
为了听得更清楚,我们要坐在前排
* to do, in order to do 和so as to do 三种不定式作目的状语时, 一般句子的主语就是不定式的逻辑主语, 但如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,常用for引出:
eg.
I stopped aside for her to get in.
我停下来向旁边靠了靠,让她进来
* 不定式作目的状语表达否定的目的时,一般采用so as not to或in order not to 这两种句式。如:
⑴We took a taxi so as not to be late.
我们是搭出租车去的,以免迟到
⑵He worked slowly in order not to make any mistake.
他工作干的很慢,目的是不出错
⑶I got up early so as not to miss the first train.
我大清早起床,目的是不误第一班火车
4. treat vt. 对待,治疗,款待
常用于以下句型:
treat…as… 把…看作
treat sb. to sth. 用…款待某人
treat sb. for… 给某人治…病
eg.
⑴Don’t treat me as a child.
不要把我当成小孩看待
⑵Why do you treat the matter as a joke
你为什么把这件事当作儿戏
⑶Peter treated me to an ice-cream.
彼得请我吃了冰激凌
⑷The doctors and the nurses risked their lives treating the patient for SARS.
医生和护士冒着生命危险为患者治疗非典
* 以下句型也常用来表示“把…当作”:
look on/ upon …as…
have…as…
think of…as/ to be…
consider …as/ to be…
regard… as…
eg.
⑴They look on others’ difficulties as their own.
他们把别人的困难当成自己的困难
⑵She thinks of the monitor as the cleverest student in the class.
她认为班长是班上最聪明的学生
⑶He always has her as his real mother.
他一直把她当作自己的母亲
⑷Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest American President.
亚伯拉罕林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一
⑸All the patients regard him as a good doctor.
所有的病人都认为他是一名出色的医生
高考题例:
More patients___ in hospital this year than last year.(2004江苏高考)
A. treated
B. have treated
C. had been treated
D. have been treated
分析:
根据句意, “treat”的意思是 “治疗”,而且是发生在今年,故用现在完成时态的被动式
答案: D
5. share vt. ﹠ vi. 分享,共用,等分
share (in) sth. with sb.
⑴The children shared the cake equally.
孩子们平分了蛋糕
⑵Ten teachers shared the office.
十名教师合用这间办公室
⑶They would share their joys and sorrows.
他们愿意同甘共苦
⑷Will you share your umbrella with me
你能让我和你共用雨伞吗
⑸I’ll share in the cost with you.
我愿意和你分担费用
* share n. 份额,股份,一份
⑴If you want a share of the pay, you’ll have do your share of the work.
如果你想要一份报酬,就必须做一份工作
⑵The company was formed with 1,000 shares.
这家公司组成时有1000股
⑶Here is your share of the cake.
这是你的一份蛋糕
高考题例:
Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare----you must learn to _____.(NMET2000)
A. support
B. care
C. spare
D. share
分析:
“as well”是“也”的意思,据题意,是让 “Clare”和“Harry”两个人一起玩玩具,“share”有分享、共用的意思。
答案: D
6. So +be/助动词/情态动词 +主语 “…也如此”(用于肯定句)
Neither/Nor + be/助动词/情态动词 +主语 “ …也不” (用于否定句)
⑴I’m a teacher, and so is my husband.
我是个教师,我丈夫也是
⑵He has finished his homework, and so have I.
他完成了作业,我也完成。
⑶If you go to school early tomorrow, so shall I.
如果明天你早上学,我也早去
* so/neither/nor引导的此类倒装句,放在主语前面的助动词、情态动词或系动词be应与前一句保持一致(人称和数上作适当调整)。如:例⑴am---is;例⑵has---have;例⑶前一部分为if引导的条件句,用一般现在时表示将来,故主句使用表示将来的will/ shall。
*如果前一部分内容中没有出现助动词、情态动词或be,则应借助于助动词do/does/did。如:
①You love music, and so do I.
你热爱音乐,我也一样
②…He seldom drinks tea. 他很少喝茶
…Nor does she. 她也是
* 句子中如果用否定的派生词,后句使用so。如:
①…I dislike coffee.我不喜欢咖啡
…So does she. 她也不喜欢
②…She is unmarried.她是独身
…So am I. 我也是独身
* 如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,则需要用So it is/was with…或It is/was the same with…,如:
①Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. So it was with Jane.
玛丽在澳大利亚出生,在美国居住。简也是。
②…I like English but I can’t study well.我喜欢英语但学不好。
…So it is with my brother. 我弟弟也是。
(以上两例皆可用It is/was the same with…结构
* 如果下文表示的是对上文的赞成或肯定,则仅需要把so 放于句首,其后用正常语序。如:
①…She has done a good job. 她干得不错
…Yes, so she has. 是的,的确不错
②…He came to school late yesterday.他昨天上学迟到了。
…So he did. 他的确迟到了
③…It is very hot today. 今天天气真热
…So it is. 是啊,的确很热
高考题例:
…David has made great progress recently.
…_______, and ______. (1997上海高考)
A. So he has,so you have
B. So he has,so have you
C. So has he,so have you
D. So has he,so you have
分析:
此题前一空考查的是对上文的肯定;第二个空考查同样的情况也适合你。
答案:B
7. survive v. 继续生存或存在;比…长命;经历(某事);幸存
⑴Of the four people in the car accident, only one survived.
在车祸中的四个人中,只有一个人幸存
⑵Many customs have survived from earlier times.
许多风俗习惯源源流长
⑶Life is hard at the moment, but we’re surviving.
目前生活艰难,但我们正在挣扎求生
⑷The old lady has survived her husband.
那老妇人的丈夫先她而去世了
⑸He felt lucky to have survived the war.
经历那场战争后能幸存下来他感到很幸运
* survivor 为名词,意为“幸存者”
如:
The film Titanic is based on an experience of a survivor.
电影《泰坦尼克号》是根据一个幸存者的经历而摄制的
高考题例:
In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they _____. (2001上海高考)
A. have survived
B. are to survive
C. would survive
D. will survive
分析:
be to do表示将来注定要发生。在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来,故C、D都不能选。
8. lie vi.
lie lay lain lying 平躺,位于
lie lied lied lying 撒谎
lay laid laid laying 产下,放置
⑴The corpse lay face down in a pool of blood.
尸体俯卧在血泊中。
⑵The letter lay open on his desk.
那信摊开在他的书桌上
⑶The hen laid two eggs.
母鸡产下两个鸡蛋
⑷Korea lies to the east of China.
朝鲜位于中国的东部
⑸I laid the book on the chair.
我把书放在椅子上
⑹There is a dog lying at his master’s feet.
主人的脚旁边卧着条狗
⑺She lied to me two days ago.
两天前,她向我撒了谎
* 习语:lie to sb.向某人撒谎
lie in one’s teeth/ throat 睁着眼睛说瞎话,扯弥天大谎
lie one’s way into/ out of sth 撒谎以求一逞或摆脱困境
9. It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分
强调句型可以强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词,可以用that或who(whom)连接其他成分;被强调的成分是表示人以外的词,例如表示事物、时间或地点的词,用that连接其他成分。例如我们可以用强调句型强调下列句子的主语(如⑴)、宾语(如⑵)、地点状语(如⑶)及时间状语(如⑷)
I met Peter in Japan last year.
⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year.
⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year.
⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year.
⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan.
* not …until 也可用于强调句型
例1
Mr. Brown didn’t come back until eleven o’clock.
可变为:It was not until eleven o’clock that Mr. Brown came back.
例2
The rain didn’t stop until midnight.
可变为:It was not until midnight that the rain stopped.
* not …until 也可变为特殊疑问句
例1
It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.
可变为:When was it that the PRC was founded
例2
Your dad worked in this factory two years ago.
可变为:Where was it that your dad worked two years ago
10. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
其中的(in) doing sth.不可改为to do sth.;其中的difficulty 是不可数名词, 前面可以用some/ no/ little/ much等词修饰.
Eg.
⑴We had no difficulty in finding the hospital.
我们毫不费劲地找到了这所医院.
⑵Did you have any difficulty in carrying the plan
你们执行计划有苦难吗
⑶She has little difficulty in learning maths.
她学习数学几乎没什么困难
⑷I had much difficulty in talking with the foreigner.
我用英语同老外交谈很费劲
还可用下列句型表达 “做某事有困难”:
have trouble (in) doing sth.
There be difficulty in doing sth.
do sth. with/ without difficulty
⑴There is some difficulty in teaching pupils Japanese.
教小学生日语有困难
⑵He had a little difficulty in solving the problem.
解决这个问题,他有一点困难
⑶Tom climbed the tree without difficulty.
汤姆毫不费劲地爬上了树
注:
当difficulty指笼统概念时,即“困难、费力”为不可数名词(如以上例句),当它指具体的“难事、困难”时用作可数名词。如:
We’ll meet with all kinds of difficulties.
我们会遇到各种困难
11. bring in: introduce, harvest, get money or income引进,收获
⑴Country music has become big business. It brings in 300 million dollars a year.
乡村音乐发展成为一项商业,每年盈利3亿美元。
⑵They have brought in experts to advise on the project.
他们已请来专家当这项工程的顾问
⑶Farmers in the south have brought in good crops this year.
南方的农民今年收获了庄稼
⑷Don’t bring him in. He’ll do nothing to help.
别把他扯进来,他帮不上什么忙
⑸They brought in some words from their own languages.
他们把自己语言中的一些词语带了进来
其他相关短语:
bring sth. about使(某事)发生
bring sth. down 降低或减少…,使…(从空中)落下
bring sth. up 培养、养育某人,呕吐
bring …and …together 促使(争执双方)和解
bring out生产出,出版
⑴The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system..
自用党人想要改变选举制度
⑵The prices have been brought.
价格已经下降了
⑶Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她小时侯父母就去世了,是由她姑姑养大的
⑷An enemy fighter was brought down.
一架敌机被击落了
⑸The loss of their son brought the parents together.
双方因失去儿子而言归于好
⑹He brought out his lunch just now.
他刚刚把吃进去的午饭吐出来了
⑺New personal computers are brought out almost daily.
几乎每天都有个人计算机推出
12. except:
表示同类别事物中除去若干,常与no,all,none,nothing,everything等包含全部的词连用, 位于句首时不用except,常用except for; 它后面可接介词短语、副词、不定式以及that, when, where等引导的从句(except for不能这样用)
except for:
指不同类别的事情或性质不同的事情,或表示某人/物 在总体上是好的,只是其中的某个细节或某个环节不尽人意
eg.
⑴Except for Li Ming, they are all workers.
除了李明之外,他们都是工人
⑵Everybody except John was able to answer the question.
除了约翰之外,每个人都回答出了问题
⑶The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名词不同类)
这个房间空空的,只不过有把破椅子
⑷I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan.
我对他一无所知,只是知道他来自日本
⑸She goes to school by bike except when it rains.
她骑自行车去上学,除了下雨时不骑
⑹He could do nothing except walk home.(except前若有实义动词do,则后面接不带to的不定式)
他只好走着回家了
=He had no choice but to walk home.( except前若没有实义动词do,则后面接带to的不定式)
高考题例:
I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is from Beijing. (2000上海高考)
A. except
B. except for
C. except that
D.besides
分析:
except for与except that同义,但except for后不能接句子,后句“she is from Beijing”是一个完整的陈述句,故用except that连接,that不作成分。
答案:C
*besides: (prep.) “除…之外还有”,常与also, else, other等词连用。如:
⑴Besides tennis, he also plays basketball and football.
除了网球之外,他还打篮球和踢足球。
⑵I have three other dictionaries besides this one.
除了这本词典,我还有三本别的词典。
*besides: (adv.) 此外,而且
⑴I haven’t time to see the film-----besides, it’s had dreadful reviews.
我没有时间去看这部影片,再说,影评也诸多贬斥。
⑵I am too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is late.
我太忙不去散步了,而且时候已晚了。
13. with的复合结构 :常在句中作状语,表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。
with + 宾语 +prep./adj./ adv./ doing/ to do(表示要执行的动作)/done(表示动作的完成及被动)
⑴She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)
她经常开着窗户睡觉。
⑵He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)
他手里拿着本书进来了
⑶She felt scared with so many people looking at her. (doing)
这么多人看着她,她感到害怕。
⑷He was brought in with his hands tied back.. (done)
他双手绑在身后被带了进来
⑸With everything bought, he left the market. (done)
买完了所需要的东西之后,他离开了市场
⑹The king came in, with all his servants following him. (doing)
国王进来了,身后跟着所有的仆人。
⑺With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .
由于没有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步
⑻He left his room with the light on. (adv.)
他离开了房间,灯亮着
高考题例1:
With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002上海高考)
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
分析:
因后句的进行时表示将来,“新当选的总统将要度过一段艰难的时光”,故用“with+宾语+不定式”表示将来要执行的动作。
答案:C
高考题例2:
_____two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004北京高考)
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
分析:
根据句意,此处应采用“with +宾语+不定式”
答案:A
14. a great / good many
修饰可数名词,它的后面不能接of短语,但当名词前有the, these, those, my, 等词时,需加上介词of
⑴A great many students like the movie.
好多学生喜欢这部电影
⑵We have read a good many books.
我们读过许多书籍
⑶He has read a great many of the novels in this library.
他已读了图书馆中的许多书
⑷A good many of his books were bought from this bookstore.
他的许多书是从这个书店里买的
其他表示“许多”的短语:
many a +单数名词
a (large/great) number of + 复数名词
plenty of +不可数名词/复数名词
quite a few + 复数名词
a great deal of +不可数名词
a large amount of +不可数名词
⑴Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.
很多坚强的人面对这种困难都动摇了
⑵A number of people have read this magazine.
好多人看过这本杂志
⑶There were quite a few copies sold on the first day.
第一天就卖了好多本
⑷She spent a great deal of money on clothes.
她花了许多钱买衣服
⑸They have a large amount of work to do.
他们有大量的工作要做
⑹There’s plenty of rain in my hometown.
我的家乡雨水大
⑺There are plenty of eggs in the basket.
篮子里有许多鸡蛋
15. have a good knowledge of …了解,懂得,掌握
have no knowledge of…不知道,不了解
to one’s knowledge 据…所知
without the knowledge of在…不知道的情况下
come to sb’s knowledge 被某人知悉
⑴I have a good knowledge of Chinese history.
我通晓中国历史
⑵A baby has no knowledge of good and evil.
婴儿不知善恶
⑶He sold the car without his wife’s knowledge.
他瞒着妻子把汽车卖了
⑷To my knowledge, she has never been late before.
据我所知,她从来没迟到过
⑸It has come to our knowledge that you have been cheating the company.
据我们了解你一直欺骗公司
高考题例:
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ____ good knowledge of basic word formation. (2002上海高考)
A. /
B. the
C. a
D. one
分析:
knowledge为不可数名词,但若有形容词修饰,则加不定冠词a
答案:C
16. consider
①考虑 consider sth./ doing
He is considering going abroad.
他正考虑出国。
I’m considering changing my job.
我在考虑换工作。
I will consider your offer and tell you my decision tomorrow.
对你的提议我要考虑一下,明天告诉你我的决定。
②想,认为
+ 宾语+(to be)+ adj./ n.
consider + 宾语+ as + n./adj.
+ that 从句
I consider it a great honor.
我认为这是件很荣幸的事情。
We consider money (to be) important.
我们认为金钱是重要的。
We all consider him loyal to his friends.
我们都认为他对朋友忠诚。
We consider it important to learn a foreign language.
我们认为再学一门外语非常重要。
Lincoln was considered one of the greatest presidents in American history.
林肯被认为是美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。
We all consider that you did a good deed.
我们都认为你做了件好事。
I don’t consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.
我认为下午不会天晴。
③consideration n. 考虑
considering prep. 考虑到,鉴于
considerable adj. 相当大的
The question is worthy of consideration.
这个问题值得考虑。
She is very active, considering her age.
考虑到她的年龄,她很活跃了。
A considerable number of people object to the policy of the government.
相当多的人反对政府这一政策。
④take sth. into consideration 对某事加以考虑
under consideration 在考虑中
out of consideration 未加考虑
When marking Tom’s exam papers, the teacher took his long illness into consideration.
批改汤姆的试卷时,老师考虑到了他长时间的生病。
There is one important fact that has been out of consideration.
有一重要事实未考虑到。
高考链接
Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
答案:C
分析:
该句为 consider sb. to do 的被动结构,即 be considered to do, 同时要注意不定式的时态。因为“发明电脑”发生在“认为”之前,故不定式用完成时。
17. means n.
a)手段,方法 (单复数同形)
a means of transport/ communication
运输工具/通讯工具
The quickest means of travel is by air.
最快捷的旅行方式是乘飞机。
All possible means have been tried.
一切可能的办法都已经被尝试过了。
b)by means of 用,依靠
by all means 一定,务必,当然
by no means 决不,并未
She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
她不会说话,但手势表达了她的愿望。
He succeeded by means of perseverance.
他靠毅力获得了成功。
By all means I must visit my sick friend.
我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。
I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.
我决不能假装对这种行为表示满意。
---May I stay at home from school 我可以呆在家里不去上学吗?
---By no means. 绝对不行。
c)辨析:means, method, way
三个词均表示“方法”,means指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段,way是最普通常用的词,method 强调解决某个问题的办法,三个词与介词搭配一般为:by the means/ in the way/ with the method
18. experience
a)c.n. 经历,阅历
How many interesting experiences do you have
你有多少有趣的经历?
Our travel by camel was an unforgettable experience.
我们骑骆驼的旅行是一次难忘的经历。
b)u.n. 经验,体验
She has so much experience of teaching.
她有丰富的教学经验。
I know from experience that he will be late.
就我的经验判断他会来晚的。
c)v. 经历,感觉,感受,体验
Have you experienced an earthquake
你有没有体验过地震?
For the first time, we experienced defeat.
我们第一次遭遇失败。
d)experienced adj. 有经验的,熟练的
He is experienced in hunting.
他打猎很有经验。
The factory is in need of experienced workers.
这个工厂需要熟练工人。
19. protect
a)v. 保卫,保护
We’re having good holidays while soldiers are protecting our country.
我们在幸福地享受假期,而士兵们却在保卫祖国。
There’re fewer animals. It’s important for us to protect them.
动物们越来越少,对于我们来说保护他们很重要。
b)protect---from/against--- 保护---使不受,防御
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的阳光。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
他举起手臂挡住脸躲过了这一击。
Villagers planted lots of trees to protect soil from being washed away.
村民们种了许多树防止水土流失。
c)protection n. 保护,防御
under the protection of
在---的保护下
The hat will give protection against the sun.
这顶帽子可遮阳。
The chicks are under the protection of the hen.
小鸡们在母鸡的保护下。
20. separate
a)v. 分隔,分离 (常与from连用)
You’d better separate the bad apples from the good ones.
你最好把坏苹果同好苹果分开。
Many families got separated during the war.
战争期间,很多家庭妻离子散。
At this point, the satellite separates from its launcher.
此时,卫星就脱离发射器。
It’s the children who suffer when their parents separate.
父母分居时受罪的是孩子。
b)adj. 分开的,独立的,不同的
David and I have been separated for six months and we have been sleeping in separate bedrooms. 我和大卫分居6个月了,我们一直睡在各自的卧室里。
He tries to keep his professional life separate from his private life.
他尽量把他的职场生活和私人生活完全分开。
c)separate, divide separate着重指把原来结合在一起的、混合在一起的事物或人分开或隔离,divide着重指将整体分成若干部分。
The whole class was divided into five groups.
全班分成了5组。
England is separated from France by the Channel.
英法两国由英吉利海峡隔开。
21. watch out
a)当心,注意,常与for连用
watch out for sb./ sth. (to do)
You can’t learn English well without watching out for idiomatic ways of saying things. 如果不注意讲话中的习惯表达方式,你就学不好英语。
Watch out for a chance to improve your position in the company;they don’t come very often. 要注意抓住提高你在公司地位的机会,这种机会并不多。
I’m always watching out for mistakes that I may have missed before.
我总是警惕过去可能没有注意到的错误。
b)Watch it! = Watch out!
watch over 照看,看守
Watch it! You nearly knocked into the car.
当心,你差点撞到那辆车上。
22. 现在进行时的特殊用法
a)现在进行时可表示将来安排好的活动或事件,常见的动词有arrive, come, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play等,并常与表将来的时间状语连用。
We’re spending next winter in Australia.
我们将在澳大利亚度过明年冬天。
How many of you are making the trip
你们中有多少人去旅行?
We’re having a party in our house tonight.
今晚我们在家里开茶话会。
b)现在进行时与副词always, often, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示说话人一种强烈的情感。
He is always helping people.
他总是帮助别人。(赞扬)
She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back.
她总是向人借钱而忘记还人家。(不满)
高考链接
I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I _____ my mum. (2002北京)
A. am taking
B. have taken
C. take
D. will have taken
答案:A
分析:
此处运用现在进行时表示按计划要发生的动作。
同步练习:
一、单项选择
1. ---I hear Bill likes playing basketball.
---Yes, ________, and _______.
A. he does;so like me
B. he is;either do I
C. so he does;so do I
D. he does so;so am I
2. These math problems are _______ difficult for me. Could you please help me out
A. much too
B. too much
C. very much
D. such
3. ---Do you know which team won the game
---I don’t know, ______.
A. nor do I care
B. nor I care
C. neither will I care
D. I don’t care, too
4. Although the little girl was ______ at home, she didn’t feel _____ at all.
A. alone, lonely
B. lonely, alone
C. alone, alone
D. lonely, lonely
5. One day Chuck is ______ a flight _____ the Pacific Ocean ______ suddenly his plane crashes.
A. in, over, while
B. on, across, when
C. with, through, when
D. on , across, while
6. Was ______ in this place that he saved the boy
A. that
B. it
C. he
D. this
7. Helen and Linda were introduced to each other _______ at a party.
A. for the first time
B. the first time
C. all the time
D. for some time
8. What was it ______ you found in the hole
A. that
B. which
C. and
D. this
9. Make yourself ______ home and help yourself ______ anything that you’d like to eat.
A. in, with
B. at , to
C. at, with
D. in, to
10. The _______ of students are against your plan.
A. most
B. many
C. number
D. majority
11. A great ______ of foreign guests come to out school for a visit every year.
A. deal
B. number
C. plenty
D. lot
12. The house is beautifully built ______ its chimney.
A. except
B. except for
C. besides
D. except that
13. He ran out with his face ______ in hands.
A. bury
B. burying
C. buried
D. to bury
14. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.
A. a, /
B. the, an
C. the, the
D. /, the
15. All possible means ______ been tried.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
二、单词拼写
1. It’s a great ______(挑战) for Tom to open his own business.
2. A land which is surrounded by water is called an _______(岛).
3. If you were alone on the island, what would you do in order to _______(活下来).
4. We are good friends though sometimes we have different ideas and _____(争论) about them.
5. Tony is _____(喜欢) of pop music but I prefer classical music.
6. Jane and Betty are going on _______(各自的) holidays in May.
7. Nowadays the ________(大多数) of people in Shenzhen speak Putonghua.
8. When he came in, I was having a bath in the _______(浴室).
9. He has traveled to many places. Do you know his next ______(目的地)?
10. Can you ________(想象) that we are living on the moon
三、短文改错
Yesterday we got a call from a mid-aged man who 1. _________
name was George. He called us to say his washing machine 2. _________
had bought in our shop two months ago wasn’t as 3. _________
well as he had read from our advertisement. The 4. _________
machines works with a plenty of noises;the pipe 5. _________
leaks and the worst thing is that sometimes they doesn’t 6. _________
work at all. Therefore, he hoped that a repairman could 7. _________
sent as soon as possibly or the machine could be 8. _________
exchanged if it couldn’t be repaired. He doesn’t hope his machine 9. _________
bought in our shop would take him any more trouble. 10. _________
答案与提示:
一、1. C 前一空为肯定回答,不倒装;后一空表示”我也如此”,倒装。
2. A much too后加形容词或副词。
3. A nor引起倒装句,表示与否定情况相同。
4. A alone独自一人,lonely孤独的。
5. B be on a flight在飞行中,across表示穿越,when就在这时。
6. B 强调句型的一般疑问式。
7. A 表示第---次做什么用for the ---time。
8. A 强调句中定语从句用that引起。
9. B make oneself at home 别拘束,随便一点;help oneself to sth. 随便吃或用。
10. D the majority of students= most of the students= most students
11. B a large number of 修饰复数名词。
12. B except for排除的是主语的一部分,表示整体中的个例。
13. C with复合结构中的宾语补足语,bury与face 为动宾关系,因此用过去分词。
14. A 第一空用a抽象名词具体化,表示某一方面的知识;第二空泛指国际贸易,不用冠词。
15. D means单复数同形,由all可知此处为复数。
响。
19. D 离开时我再次想起了开始我问上帝的那个问题,下文中也有进一步的感悟。
20. A alive与aged形成鲜明对比,达到最佳表现效果。
二、1. challenge 2. island 3. survive 4. argue 5. fond
6. separate 7. majority 8. bathroom 9. destination 10. imagine
三、1. who----whose whose在此引导定语从句,且充当定语,修饰name
2. 正确
3. 去掉had “bought in our shop two months ago” 在句中充当定语。
4. well----good good作be的表语,所以用形容词。
5. 去掉a plenty of “许多”,固定短语,前面不可以加冠词。
6. they----it it指代上文中提到的his washing machine
7. could后加be 此处应用被动语态。
8. possibly----possible as soon as possible “尽可能快”,固定短语
9. doesn’t---didn’t 这一动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。
10. take---bring 此处意思为“带来麻烦”。
Book 1 Unit 4---6
重点词汇与短语:
1.take place 发生
2.so---that 如此---以致于
3.sweep sb. down 冲倒
4.pull up 拽起,停车
5.hold on to 抓住,握住
6.get on one’s feet 站起来
7.go on a holiday 度假
8.far away from 远离
9.on fire 着火
10.such as 例如
11.travel agent 旅行社
12.be caught in 遭遇到
13.think twice 三思
14.think highly of 对---评价很高
15.stare at 盯着
16.leave out 遗漏
17.take off 脱下,起飞
18.go wrong 出问题
19.in all 总之
20.on the air 广播
21.make jokes about 开---的玩笑
22.play a role 扮演角色
23.make money 挣钱
24.owe success to sb. 把成功归功于某人
25.start with 以---开始
26.a thank-you letter 一封感谢信
27.introduce---to--- 将---介绍给---
28.make a good impression 留下好印象
29.the custom of toasting 敬酒的习俗
30.apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉
交际用语:
1.Well done! 做得好!
2.You can do it! 你能行!
3.Come on! 快点!
4.It scares me. 这让我害怕。
5.Keep trying! 再试试!
6.How do you like/find--- 你认为---怎么样?
7.What do you think of--- 你认为---怎么样?
8.Excuse me. 对不起。
9.Forgive me. 请原谅。
10.I’m (very/so/terribly) sorry. 十分抱歉。
11.I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to---. 对不起,我不是有意---。
12.That’s all right./ That’s OK./ No problem. 没关系。
知识点归纳:
1.advance
(1) v. 前进,推进,促进,提升
Napoleon’s army advanced towards Moscow. 那破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进了。
Two months has passed and the project has advanced.
两个月过去了,这项工程已有进展。
(2) n. 前进,进展
The commander ordered to halt the enemy’s advance. 司令下令阻止敌军前进。
He’s always paying attention to the advances in medical science.
他时刻注意着医学上的进步。
(3)in advance 预先,在---之前
I was given a month’s salary in advance. 我提前发了一个月的工资。
(4)advanced adj. 高级的,先进的
Einstein learned advanced mathematics all by himself at 13.
爱因斯坦13岁就能自学高等数学了。
Few scientists could understand his advanced theory at that time.
那时没几个科学家能理解他高深的理论。
2.seize vt.
(1) 抓住,捉住
The thief was seized by the police. 那个小偷被警察抓住了。
He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳膊。
(2) 抓住(时机)
If you get the opportunity to work abroad, you should seize it with both hands.
如果你有出国工作的机会,切勿放过。
Seize the day, seize the hour!
只争朝夕!
(3)(思想、感情等)支配人的头脑
The man was seized with panic. 这个人惊慌失措。
Uncontrollable laughter seized us. 我们不由自主地大笑起来了。
3.strike vt. vi. (struck, struck/stricken)
(1) 打,击,砍,敲
strike a blow 击出一拳
strike a match 划火柴
I wouldn’t dream of striking a woman. 我做梦也不会打女人。
He was so angry that he struck the table with his fist. 他气得用拳头砸桌子。
(2) 打中,击中;撞,触礁
A snow ball struck/hit him on the back of the head. 一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。
Then my shovel struck against something metallic.
然后我的铲子碰到了一件像金属的东西。
(3)(某种想法)忽然出现;使(某人)突然意识到
It strikes sb. that--- 忽然意识到
be struck by--- 深受感动
The funny side of the affair suddenly struck her. 她突然意识到了事情可笑的一面。
We were struck by the generosity of even the poorest citizens.
使我们深受感动的是,甚至最贫穷的市民也慷慨大方。
(4) 给某人某种印象
---How did it strike you 你觉得它如何?
---It struck me as strange at the time. 我当时觉得它很古怪。
(5)(钟)敲响
The church clock began to strike twelve. 教堂的钟开始敲12点。
(6) 突然袭击
When the snake strikes, its mouth opens wide.
蛇发起进攻时,嘴张得很大。
I fear an earthquake will strike this area again. 我担心地震会再次发生在这一地区。
(7) 罢工 (也可用做名词)
I’m sure the bus drivers will strike/ go on strike. 我确信公共汽车司机会罢工。
(8) strike, beat, hit, tap, knock
strike 常表示用力打或敲
hit 有“撞击,袭击”之意,比strike稍弱一些,指一次性的打击或击中
beat 指连续多次的打,也指有节奏的击打,还可表示打败
tap 指轻拍
knock 指敲打并伴有响声,还可表示打倒、撞翻
考题链接:
(1) It _____ her how quiet and gentle he was.
A. beat B. hit C. struck D. knock
(2) He sat quietly in the room, listening to the rain ____ against the window.
A. beating B. hitting C. striking D. knocking
答案 C A
分析 第一题表示“使某人忽然意识到”,用strike; 第二题表示连续敲打,用beat.
4.感官动词 see, hear, find, notice, watch + 宾语 + 宾补
(1) 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing, 表示宾补的动作正在发生。
We can see parrots flying along the river. 我们可以看到鹦鹉在沿着河边飞翔。
I can feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感觉到我的心跳得很快。
(2) 感官动词 + 宾语 + do, 表示宾补的动作已经完成。
I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。
I didn’t notice you enter. 我没注意你进来了。
(3) 感官动词 + 宾语 + done, 表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。
I found his hands tied to a tree. 我发现他的双手被绑在树上。
He saw the girl bitten by the dog. 他看到那个女孩被狗咬了。
5.fight
(1) vt. 和---作战
We are fighting pollution now. 我们正在和污染作斗争。
(2) vi.
fight against 为反对---而斗争
The slaves fought against the slavery. 奴隶们为推翻奴隶制度而战。
fight for 为(争取)---而斗争
He called on the slaves to fight for freedom. 他号召奴隶们为自由而战。
fight with 同---一起战斗,与---战斗
France fought with Germany in that war. 在那场战争中法国对德国作战。
fight over 因为---而争吵
The twin sisters always fight over toys. 这对双胞胎姐妹经常因为玩具而争吵。
(3) n. 战斗,搏斗
This film is about people’s fight for right. 这部电影反映了人民争取自己权利的斗争。
Our country has started a fight against corruption. 我国已经开始了一场反腐败斗争。
(4) fight, war, battle, struggle
fight 意为“战争”,指战争的动作。
They fought back in self-defence. 他们进行了自卫还击。
war 指全面战争,包含多次。
We experienced two world wars in the last century.
上个世纪我们经历了两次世界大战。
battle 战役,指大的、连续数小时数天的战争。
the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役
struggle 指较长时间的激烈的争斗,常指肉体、精神上的战斗。
They had to struggle for their freedom. 他们不得不为自由而战。
The army struggled against Japanese Imperialist. 这部队与日本帝国主义作斗争。
6.take place, happen, break out
take place 多表示按计划或规定要发生的事情。
happen 常用词,有偶然发生之意。
break out 常指战争、火灾和疾病的爆发。
三个词组都为不及物动词,没有被动语态。
A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。
He was in French when the Second World War broke out. 二战爆发时他在法国。
When did the traffic accident happen 交通事故是什么时候发生的?
Something strange has happened to the chemistry teacher. 化学老师出了点奇怪的事情。
When will the sports meet take place 运动会什么时候举行?
Great changes have taken place in his hometown since 1980.
从1980年以来他的家乡发生了巨变。
7.destroy vt. 破坏,毁灭,毁掉
The school was completely destroyed by fire. 学校被大火彻底烧毁了。
That accident destroyed her ballet career. 那次事故毁掉了她的芭蕾生涯。
destroy 表示彻底毁掉,也可用于抽象意义,可指人或物。
damage 通常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等无生命物体受到损伤或毁坏,但往往可以修复。可用作名词。
ruin 表示毁坏某种好的或有用的东西。
The chemical rain damages trees in the forests. 酸雨损害了森林中的树木。
The precious painting was ruined by spilt milk. 洒出来的牛奶毁坏了那幅珍贵的画。
The storm caused great damage to the crops. 这场风暴给庄稼造成了很大的损害。
8.award
(1) 可数名词,主要指“奖品,奖赏,奖金”,有时也指“报酬,工资”。
Meryl Streep won the best actress award. 梅丽尔斯特里普获最佳女演员奖。
The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奥运会冠军的奖品是一枚金牌。
The nurses’ pay award was not as much as they had expected.
护士的工资远没有她们预想的那么多。
(2) vt. 给予,授予,判给
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in quantum physics.
爱因斯坦因在量子物理学方面的成就而被授予诺贝尔奖。
The university awarded her a scholarship. 那所大学给她发了奖学金。
(3) priz 主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”,常说
win a prize for---
award sb. a prize
reward 可用做名词或动词,指“报答,报偿,奖赏”。
考题链接:
It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.
A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results
答案 A
分析 该句意思为“人们普遍认为小孩子学会做事是因为这些行为会带来奖赏/回报”。
9.owe vt.
(1) 欠(债)
If he has borrowed some money from her, and has not paid her back, he owes her the money.
如果他借了她的钱没归还,他就欠她钱。
How much do I owe you 我欠你多少钱?
We owe our parents a lot. 我们对父母感激不尽。
(2) owe sth. to sb. 感激,把---归功于---
He owes his success to our help. 他把成功归功于我们的帮助。
We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers. 我们深受父母及师长之恩。
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 我现在还活着,应该感激你。
(3) owing to 由于,因为
Owing to the rain they could not come. 因为下雨,他们不能来。
Owing to the drought, crops are short. 因为天旱,收成不好。
10.live adj. 活的,生动的,精力充沛的,实况转播的
It wasn’t a recorded show; it was live. 这不是录像,是实况转播。
They gave live broadcast while the performances were in process on the stage.
当演出在舞台上进行时他们进行了实况转播。
The concert will be broadcast live. 这次演唱会将进行实况转播。
That is a live fish. 那是一条活鱼。
The laboratory is conducting experiments with a dozen live monkeys.
该实验室在用十多只活猴子进行实验。
She is a live woman. 她是一位精力充沛的女人。
live 当“活的”讲时,只修饰动物,如a live mouse, a live snake
11.take off
(1) 脱掉,摘掉(反义词为put on)
I forgot to take off my make-up last night. 我昨天晚上忘了卸妆。
He took off his coat and went to sleep. 他脱下外衣睡觉了。
(2) (飞机)起飞,起跑
As the plane was taking off, I remembered I didn’t turn the iron off.
飞机起飞时,我才想起我没有切断熨斗的电源。
When we went to the airport, the plane had taken off. 我们到机场时,飞机已经起飞了。
(3) 休假,一般说take some time off
I’m taking Thursday off to do some Christmas shopping.
我周四要休假去买一些圣诞礼物。
(4) 开始成功,成名
I hear the business is really taking off. 我听说生意真的开始兴隆了。
Spielberg’s career really took off when he began to shoot his short films.
斯皮尔伯格开始从事短片拍摄时,他的事业真正腾飞了。
(5) take in 吸收,理解;收留
take back 使回忆起;追回
take over 接管,接任
take up 开始从事;占去(时间、空间);拿起(武器)
高考链接:
(1)It is certain that he will ______ his business to his son when he gets old. (福建2004)
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
(2)Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day.
(广东2004)
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
答案
(1) C hand sth. over to sb. “把---传给某人”
(2) A take up “占用时间”
12.
go wrong “变坏,变得糟糕,出错”,go 用做联系动词,表示状况由好变坏。
go bad 变坏,变腐烂
go hungry 挨饿
go mad 发疯
The computer went wrong. 电脑坏了。
Fish goes bad in hot weather. 热天鱼很快腐烂。
He has gone deaf. 他变聋了。
13.
think highly/well/much of 对---评价很高
think ill/badly/poorly/little of 对---评价不好
Premier Zhou was highly thought of in China. 周总理在中国深受好评。
Not all the teachers are well thought of by the students. 学生不是对所有老师印象都好。
highly, high 都可用作副词,high表示具体的高度,highly表示引申含义,“高度地”。类似表达还有wide/widely, deep/deeply, close/closely。
He jumped very high. 他跳得很高。
We all speak highly of Mr. Smith. 我们对史密斯先生评价很高。
Open your mouth wide. 把嘴张大。
English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。
He dived deep into the sea. 他潜到海里很深的地方。
They were deeply moved when hearing this. 听到这些,他们被深深地感动了。
14.manner
(1) 礼貌,规矩,用复数manners
It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃着东西是很不礼貌的。
Mind your manners. 注意礼貌。
(2) 态度,举止,用作不可数名词。
His manner shows his honesty. 他的态度表明了他的诚实。
Though ugly in appearance, he is soft in manner. 虽然他的相貌丑陋,但举止很温柔。
(3) 手段,方法,用作可数名词。
He told the story in a frightening manner. 他以吓人的方式讲故事。
Do it in this manner. 用这种方式来做。
15.interrupt vt. vi.
(1) 打断,插嘴
It’s not polite to interrupt a speaker. 打断别人说话是不礼貌的。
Don’t interrupt; let him go on speaking. 别插嘴,让他继续说。
(2) 阻止,中断
I interrupt my work to watch TV. 我停下手里的活去看电视。
The war interrupted the trade between the two countries. 战争中断了两国间的贸易。
16.impression n. 印象
get an impression 得到某印象
have/make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象
be under the impression that 觉得,以为
What were your first impressions of Beijing 你对北京的第一印象如何?
The book left/made a deep impression on him. 这本书给他留下了深刻的印象。
What he said gave her a bad impression. 他的话给它留下了恶劣的印象。
Everybody had the impression that she was a good match for the young man.
每个人都觉得她和那个年轻人是天生的一对。
17.mean vt.
(1) 意味着
Life to him means struggle. 对他来说生活意味着斗争。
His words means a lot to me. 他的话对我来说意味着许多。
What do you mean by saying this 你说这话是什么意思?
Nodding the head means agreement. 点头就是同意。
(2) mean to do 打算做某事
What do you mean to do next 下一步你打算做什么?
I mean to write a letter to my girlfriend. 我打算给我的女朋友写封信。
I know I have hurt her feelings, but I didn’t mean to.
我知道我伤害了她,但这不是我的本意。
I had meant to apologize to him, but I changed my mind.
我本打算向他道歉,但又改变了主意。
(3) mean doing 意味着---
Her smile means being happy. 她的微笑意味着正高兴。
Waving the hand means saying goodbye. 挥手意味着道别。
If it means delaying one more week, I will not wait.
如果这意味着拖延一个星期,我就不等了。
(4) mean sb. to do 打算要某人做---
I mean you to repair my bike. 我打算要你给我修自行车。
I had meant you to get up early, but you got up late.
我本打算要你早起,但你起晚了。
He meant his son to succeed. 他要他的儿子成功。
(5) means n. 手段,方法;工具(单复数同形)
a means of transportation 交通工具
a means of communication 通讯方式
by all means 无论如何,务必
by means of 借助---
by this means 通过这种方式
They tried all possible means. 他们尝试过一切可能的方式。
There is/are no means of getting there. 没有办法可以到达那里。
Finish it by all means. 无论如何都要完成它。
Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music. 思想也可借助音乐表达。
We’ll be connected with that factory by this means. 我们将用这种方式与那个工厂联系。
18.must 表推测
(1) 对现在事实的推测,用 must be/do sth.
对过去事实的推测,用must have done
He must be over 70 now. 他现在肯定有70多岁了。
He knows something about Beijing. I think he must have been there.
他对北京有所了解,我想他一定去过那儿。
(2) 表推测否定形式为 can’t do, can’t/couldn’t have done。
He can’t be from America, for his English is not good at all.
他不可能是从美国来的,因为他的英语一点也不好。
He can’t have bought this book, for he is reading mine.
他不可能买了这本书,因为他正在看我的。
(3) 含must表推测的句子,反意疑问句应根据实际时态的动词形式决定。
He must be Mr. Chen, isn’t he
(去掉must后的陈述句为:He is Mr. Chen.)
He must have stayed at home yesterday, didn’t he
(还原为: He stayed at home yesterday.)
You must have met him before, haven’t you
(还原为:You have met him before.)
高考链接:
(1) ---Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
---Oh, he ____ have been a very smart student. (NMET 2004)
A. could B. should C. might D. must
答案:D
分析:对过去情况的肯定推测,用must have done。
(2) He ____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (北京2005)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
答案:B
分析: 同上题。
(3) I _____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
答案:B
分析:对过去的否定推测用 can’t/couldn’t have done。
19.introduce vt.
(1) 介绍
Let me introduce myself first. 先让我作一下自我介绍。
May I introduce you to Mr. Brown 让我介绍你跟布郎先生认识好吗?
(2) 引进,提出
They introduced the idea that children could learn to read as babies.
他们提出在婴儿阶段就可教小孩认字这个想法。
Who introduced the bad idea 谁提出的这个糟糕的想法?
They introduced a topic for discussion. 他们提出议题供讨论。
(3) (以---)开始
I introduced my class with a funny story. 我以一个有趣的故事开始我的课。
What did he introduce the program with 他以什么开始节目的?
Relative pronouns introduce adjective clauses. 关系代词引出定语从句。
(4) 使认识,使知道
Tom introduced me to jazz. 汤姆使我了解了爵士乐。
Watching TV programs introduced me to this play.
看电视使我了解了这个戏剧。
20.否定前缀
(1) in-
indirect adj. 间接的
inability n. 无能力
inaction n. 无行动
(2) un-
unhappy 不高兴的 unlike 不像的
uncomfortable 不舒服的 uncommon 不常见的
unable 不能的 uncertain 不确定的
unafraid 不害怕的
(3) dis-
disagree 不同意 dislike 不喜欢 disabled 残废的
(4) im-
impossible 不可能的 improbable 不大可能的 impolite 没礼貌的
(5) non-
nonstop 不停的 non-smoker 不吸烟者
否定前缀词作谓语时,反意疑问部分通常仍用否定形式。
He disagrees to my plan, doesn’t he 他不同意我的计划,是吗?
Tom is unlike his mother, isn’t he 汤姆不象他妈妈,是吗?
21.fashion n. 流行,时髦,时尚
a fashion show 时装表演
set a/the fashion 领导潮流
follow the fashion 赶时髦
come into fashion 流行起来
go out of fashion 渐渐过时
be in fashion 正流行
be out of fashion 不再流行
Wide trousers are the latest fashion. 宽腿裤是最新流行的款式。
She arranged flowers in/after her own fashion. 她以自己的方式插花。
Fashions for men’s clothes change less frequently than fashions for women’s clothes.
男装的式样不如女装的式样变化多。
When did that style of dress come into/go out of fashion
那种衣服的样式什么时候流行/不流行?
* fashionable adj. 时髦的,流行的
a fashionable dressmaker 有钱人光顾的裁缝
a fashionable summer resort 时髦的避暑胜地
22.besides
(1) prep. 除了---之外还有---
There were three more visitors besides me. 除我之外,还有三位访客。
Besides being a scholar, he was a famous writer. 他除了是位学者,还是位有名的作家。
Do you have any other books besides these
除了这些书,你还有没有其它的呢?
(2) 除了---之外(不再有),用于否定句,相当于except.
Nobody knows the truth besides him. 除他之外没有人知道真相。
(3) adv. 而且,此外
She is still young and beautiful besides. 她仍然年轻而且漂亮。
It is too late to go now. Besides, it is beginning to rain.
现在出去太晚了,而且开始下雨了。
同步练习:
一、单项选择:
1.The roof fell _____ he had time to rush out.
A. until B. before C. when D. since
2.We walked as fast as we could, _____ to catch the early train.
A. hoped B. having hoped C. for hoping D. hoping
3.Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _____ an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from
4.---We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
---What do you think _____ to her
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened
5.Beyond _____ stars, the astronauts saw nothing but _____ space.
A. the, / B. /, the C. /, / D. the, the
6.---Why haven’t you bought any butter
---I ____ to, but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected
7.---I must apologize ____ you know ahead of time.
---That’s all right.
A. for letting not B. for not letting C. to let D. not to let
8.Won’t you shut up I think you ______.
A. were going too far B. had done wrong
C. did wrong D. are going too far
9.Hurry up! The train ______. You know it _____ at 8:30 am.
A. leaves, leaves B. is leaving, leaves
C. leaves, is leaving D. is leaving, is leaving
10.---Have a nice weekend!
---______.
A. The same to you
B. You do too
C. The same as you
D. You have it too
11.It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
12.We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to _____ it. It might be valuable.
A. hold on to B. keep C. turn to D. look after
13.He was so ____ when he saw a _____ snake that he jumped _____.
A. frightened, frightened, in fright
B. frightened, frightening, with fright
C. frightening, frightening, in fright
D. frightening, frightened, with fright
14.The factory is ______ new techniques from abroad this year.
A. borrowing B. buying C. bringing D. introducing
15.---Let me introduce myself. I’m Robert.
---_____.
A. What a pleasure
B. It’s a pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you
D. I’m very pleased
二、单词拼写:
1.He was _________(营救) from imprisonment.
2.He had several __________(机会) to go abroad but her never took them.
3.They have done much to ________(推进) the cause of peace in the world.
4.I’ll _______(讨论) this question with my friend.
5.He was ________(授予,颁发) the prize for being the fastest runner.
6.We were late, _______(因为) to the snow.
7.I can’t ________(花得起) time to go traveling.
8.I _______(收到) an invitation, but I didn’t accept it.
9.The cat was playing with a ______(活的) mouse.
10.It’s bad _______(礼貌,礼仪) to leave without saying goodbye.
11.Don’t ______(打扰) me while I’m busy.
12.His first speech as president made a strong ______(印象) on his audience.
13.Social _______(风俗) vary greatly from country to country.
14.The teacher has just ______(介绍) the new pupil to the rest of the class.
15.He _______(拆开) the letter and began to read it.
三、书面表达:
写一篇100字左右的报道,报道一次火灾事故。
起火时间:2004年2月15日上午11点20分。
起火地点:吉林省吉林市中百商厦。
起火原因:一员工将点燃的香烟掉落在库房,引燃地上纸屑。
持续时间:至15点40分将火扑灭。
伤亡情况:死亡54人,受伤70人。
50多辆消防车和260多名消防官兵参加灭火,经济损失巨大。
答案与分析:
一、
1.B 由题意“他还没来得及跑出来,房顶就塌了”可知rush out 前就fell 了。
2.D 本题为doing做伴随状语,由题意“我们尽快赶路以期赶上早班车”可知hope动作与walk动作同时发生。
3.A 题意为“幸运的是,子弹差一英尺没有射中上尉”,介词by可以和表示尺寸、距离、时间等的数量词连用,表示相差多少距离或增减的程度。
4.C 本题中do you think为插入语,去掉后就是what has happened to her
5.A space作“太空”解时,前面通常不加冠词,stars是复数名词,表泛指时,前不加冠词,表特指时,前加the.
6.C 本题通过语境考查词义辨析,mean to do表示打算做,meant to do 常表示本打算做却没有做。
7.B apologize to sb. for (doing) sth., doing 的否定形式为not doing。
8.D 根据语境可知说话者是指说话时正在进行的动作,强调动作的过程,并含有不满的情绪,因此用现在进行时,意思为“你跑题了”。
9.B 第一空用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作,第二空用一般现在时表示按时间表安排的动作。
10.A 回答表示祝愿的交际用语时用the same to you .
11.A stand close to sb. 靠近某人站着,closely常表示抽象含义,意为“密切地,接近地”。
12.A hold on to意为“留着不卖,不放弃”。
13.B 表示“由于某事而害怕”用frightened, 表示“令人害怕的”用frightening, in fright “惊恐地”,with fright “由于害怕”。
14.D introduce表示“引进,采用”,短语可用bring in.
15.C 在别人初次作自我介绍后,一般以Pleased/Glad to meet/see you等作答。
二、
1.rescued 2.opportunities 3.advance 4.discuss 5.awarded
6.owing 7.afford 8.received 9.live 10.manners
11.disturb 12.impression 13.customs 14.introduced 15.unfolded
三、
(1)确定时态:一般过去时
(2)新闻报道的开头应先用一两句话讲明时间、地点及事件。
(3)注意换用不同句式表达,以避免重复。
A Fire Accident
A big fire broke out in Zhongbai Department Store of Jilin City of Jilin Province on February 15th,2004.
The fire started at 11:20 in the morning and lasted more than four hours before it was at last put out at 3:40pm by 260 firemen as well as 50 fire engines. Fifty-four people were killed and more than seventy got injured in the fire. And the damage was uncountable. It is said that a worker dropped a burning cigarette end on the floor of the warehouse, which caused the fire to spread.
Book 1 Unit 7---9
重点词汇、短语与句型:
1.in ruins 成为废墟
2.bring…back to life 使苏醒,使生动
3.pull down 拆毁,推翻
4.set up 设立, 创立
5.stand for 代表, 象征,支持
6.because of 由于,因为
7.speed skating 速滑
8.track and field 田径
9.would rather 宁愿,宁可
10.take part in 参加
11.in preparation for 为…做准备
12.stay in touch with 与…保持联系
13.call for 要求,需要
14.according to 按照
15.take over 接收,接管
16.succeed (in) doing sth. 成功地干成某事
17.break down 毁掉,坏掉,中止
18.send…into space 把…送入太空
19.give in 屈服
20.be under attack 遭到进攻
21.every +数词+名词 每…
22.in modern times 在现代
pete in… 参加…比赛
e up with… 找到,提出
25.stone by stone 一块石头、一块石头地
26.be marked with 上面标有…
27.more than 不仅仅是
28.change one’s behavior 改变某人的行为方式
29.do one’s best (to do sth.) 尽力做某事
do all/everything sb. can (to do sth.) 做某人所能做的一切(来做某事)
do what sb. can to help sb. 尽某人所能去帮某人
30.on the go 忙个不停,跑来跑去
31.add 的用法
32.an electronic calendar 电子日历
33.during one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中
34.cultural relics 文化遗产
35.the same as 同…一样
36.win a gold medal 获得金牌
37.be based on 以…为基础
38.dare的用法
39.important events in history 历史上的重大事件
40.a sports star profile 体育明星特写
41.light the torch 点燃火炬
42