高三英语一轮知识点回归课本总复习(2)

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名称 高三英语一轮知识点回归课本总复习(2)
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更新时间 2008-09-21 22:34:00

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高三英语一轮知识点回归课本总复习(2)
Book 2 Unit 1---3
重点短语与句型:
  work on                  继续工作,从事
  dream of                  梦想
  turn out                  结果(是)
  use up                   用完,用尽
  be satisfied with             对---表示满意
  take a look at               看一看
  what if---                 如果---将会怎样
  the other way around            相反
  burn down                  烧毁
  relate to                  与---有关
  for once                   就这一次
  look up to                  尊敬
  go against                  违背
  be covered with               由---覆盖
  in fact                   事实上
  think of                   考虑,认为
  keep out                   使---不进入
  be made of/from               由---制成
  pull down                   推倒,拆毁
  set aside                  不理会,节省
  描述人物
  You are twenty years old and a promising student.
  He is also intelligent and patient.
  辩论
  There is no doubt---.
  What is your idea
  Have you thought about---
  表达意见
  What is your opinion
  I don’t think we should choose---.
  表达偏好和喜爱
  I’d rather---.
  I prefer something that---.
  What I like is ---.
  I’m much more interested in it.
  表示不喜欢
  I wouldn’t feel happy if ---
  I’m not very interested in ---
  I don’t get very excited about ---
  I can’t stand---
  知识点归纳:
  1. point
  * n. 尖;作用,意义
  There’s no point in doing something.   做某事没有意义。
  There’s no point in lying. I’ll find out anyway.
  撒谎没什么用,无论如何我都会查清楚的。
  I can’t see any point in going there, when we can just call instead.
  我看你没有必要去那儿,我们打个电话就行了。
  There’s no point in quarrelling with each other.
  彼此争吵下去没有意义了。
  There’s no need to do sth       没必要做某事
  There’s no way doing          没法做某事
  There’s no sense in doing       没道理做某事
  It is no good/use doing         做---没用/没好处
  There is no need for you to buy the book. 你没必要买那本书。
  It is no good/use complaining. 怨天尤人是没有用的。
  * v. 指着,朝向
  He pointed to the green hill and smiled.他指着青山笑了。
  The needle of a compass points to the north.罗盘针指向北方。
  He pointed out the finest picture to me.他把最好的图画指给我看。
  2. engage   vt.
  * 订婚
  engage sb. to sb.    使某人与某人订婚
  be engaged to sb.    与某人订婚(状态)
  get engaged to sb.    与某人订婚(动作)
  Mary engaged herself to a Frenchman.
  = Mary was engaged to a Frenchman.
  玛丽和一个法国人订了婚。
  They have been engaged for six months.他们订婚已经六个月了。
  He got engaged last month.他上个月订婚了。
  * 忙于   be engaged in
  Please wait a minute; he is engaged now.请稍等,他正有事呢。
  He was engaged in his homework.他忙着写作业。
  The line is busy/engaged, please wait for a short while.电话占线,请等一会儿。
  be busy with sth./ be busy (in) doing sth.
  He was busy making phone calls.他忙着打电话。
  * 雇佣,聘用
  He engaged my sister as his secretary.他雇佣我妹妹当秘书。
  3. seek (sought, sought)   v.
  * 寻找,探索,追求
  We should seek truth from facts.我们应该实事求是。
  They were trying to seek shelter from the rain.他们在寻找避雨的地方。
  The reason is not far to seek.道理很显然。
  * 征求,请求
  seek sth. (from sb.) = ask sb. for sth.
  He sought his doctor’s advice.他征求医生的意见。
  You must seek permission from the manager.
  = You must ask the manager for permission.
  你必须请求经理批准。
  * 试图,设法   seek to do sth.
  They are seeking to mislead us.他们竭力误导我们。
  They sought to kill him.他们企图杀死他。
  seek sb./sth. out    找出或找到某人
  seek after/for      寻找,探索
  seek one’s fortune   寻找致富及成功之道
  4. similar   adj.
  * 相似的,类似的
  We have similar hobbies.我们有类似的爱好。
  Those who share similar interest can be friends.有共同兴趣的人能成为朋友。
  * A is similar to B in ---    A和B在---方面相似
  in a similar way          与---相似的方式
  similar terms           同类项
  Your views on education are similar to mine.你的教育观点和我类似。
  My wife and I have similar tastes in music.我妻子和我在音乐方面有相似的爱好。
  Gold is similar in color to brass.金和黄铜的颜色相似。
  *
  similarly   adv.    相似地
  similarity   n.    相似之处
  Are there any similarities between the two brothers 这两兄弟有任何相似之处吗?
  高考链接:
  Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. _____, our minds are developed by learning.
  (NMET2000上海)
  A. Probably     B. Likely     C. Similarly     D. Generally
  答案 C
  分析 句中将our minds与our bodies进行类比,因此应选similarly 相似地,类似地。
  5. doubt
  * v.   怀疑,疑惑
  I doubt whether he will come.我看他不见得会来。
  I don’t doubt that he will come.我相信他会来。
  You cannot doubt your own existence.你不能怀疑你的存在。
  I doubt the truth of this report.我怀疑这项报告的真实性。
  I doubt if that was what he wanted.我不能确定那是否是他所要的。
  * n. 怀疑,疑问,疑虑
  There is no doubt about it.这是毫无疑问的。
  I have no doubt that you will succeed.我毫不怀疑你会成功。
  I have no doubt of your ability.我相信你的能力。
  in doubt             拿不准
  beyond doubt; without doubt   无疑地
  He is in doubt (about) what to do.他尚未确定做些什么。
  Don’t worry. He will come back without doubt.别担心,他一定会回来的。
  #:doubt用于疑问句或否定句中,相关从句用that; 用于肯定句中,相关从句用疑问词引导。
 6. ruin
  * v. 毁坏,糟蹋掉
  Heavy smoking ruined his health.吸烟过量毁坏了他的健康。
  You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.
  如果你继续此种愚行,你将自毁前程。
  The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨摧毁了农作物。
  * n. 毁坏,灭亡
  ruins   废墟,遗迹
  The news meant the ruin of all our hopes.这消息使我们的一切希望都破灭了。
  The castle has fallen into ruin.那个城堡已破败不堪。
  The ruins of ancient Rome were excavated out.在罗马的遗迹被发掘出来了。
  The old empty house went to rack and ruin.这所旧的空房子很快就毁掉了。
  * damage 指“损坏”,一般指部分性地损坏
  destroy 指彻底的破坏,无法修复
  His heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.
  长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损坏。
  The building was completely destroyed by the fire.这座房子被大火烧光了。
  I was ruined by the case; I am ruined man.我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。
  7. only修饰状语或状语从句位于句首,句子部分倒装,即把谓语的助动词放到主语之前,谓语用原形。
  Only then did I realize its importance.直到那时我才认识到它的重要性。
  Only in this way can we learn English well.只有通过这种方式,我们才能学好英语。
  Only when the war was over could he go on studying.只有战争结束,他才能够继续学习。
  Only when the class began did he remember that he had left his book at home.
  上课时他才记起来他把书落在家里了。
  * only修饰主语位于句首时,句子不倒装。
  Only a few important people know about it.只有少数重要的人知道这件事。
  高考链接:
  ______ can you expect to get a pay rise. (NMET2000春季)
  A. With hard work      B. Although work hard
  C. Only with hard work   D. Now that he works hard
  答案 C
  分析 该句为倒装句,只有C能够成倒装的条件,而且意思合适。
  8. switch
  * 转换,交换位置
  Our glasses have been switched. This is mine.咱俩的玻璃杯对调了,这个是我的。
  Let’s switch our seats.咱们换一下座位吧。
  * 转变或改变
  Many voters are switched to Labor.许多选举人改投工党的票。
  Switch the conversation to a different topic.改变谈话的话题。
  You drive first and then we’ll switch round.你先开车,一会儿咱们换着开。
  switch off    切断(电流等);感到乏味
  switch on     接通电流,开(电器等)
  I switch off when he starts to talk about cars.他一谈汽车我就厌烦。
  When I switched on the light, I found the room had been robbed.
  我开灯后发现房间已被盗。
  n. 开关;变化
  Turn on the light switch.打开灯的开关。
  He made a switch from publishing to teaching.他由出版工作改做教学工作。
  9.balance
  n.   天平,秤;平衡,平稳
  Please weigh the salt with a balance.请用天平称一下盐的分量。
  Riders need a good sense of balance.骑车的人必须善于保持平衡。
  He kept his balance with his arms on top of the wall.他在墙上用双臂保持平衡。
  She cycled too fast round the corner, lost her balance and fell off.
  她骑车因拐弯太快,失去平衡后摔倒了。
  v. 保持平衡
  He can balance a ball on his finger.他能把球稳放在手指上。
  Be sure to balance the expenditure with the income.务必使收支平衡。
  This school aims to balance the amount of time spent in arts and science subjects.
  这所学校在时间安排上努力做到文理并重。
  *balanced   adj. 平衡的,稳定的
  The editor’s job is to keep the newspaper balanced and interesting to the readers.
  对读者来说,编辑的工作是使报纸的内容既均衡又有意义。
  You need a balanced diet.你需要均衡的饮食。
  10.  
  It’s the first/second time that ---has/have done---
  It was the first/second time that --- had done---
  It’s the first time that I have come to Beijing.这是我第一次来北京。
  It was the third time that he had been blamed by the teacher.
  这是他第三次受到老师责备。
  This is the first time that I have heard of it.这是我第一次听说这件事。
  * It’s (high) time that ---did/should do---   是该做什么的时候了
  It’s time I went and picked up my little girl from school.我该去学校接我女儿了。
  It’s high time that we should get down to business.是该干正事的时候了。
  It’s time for supper.该吃晚饭了。
  It’s time for them to do cleaning.他们该去打扫卫生了。
  11. fire   v.
  * 解雇,开除
  The company fired him for not coming to work on time.
  那个公司因为他不按时上班而解雇他。
  He was immediately fired from the university. 他立即被大学开除了。
  He was fired because he was always making mistakes. 他因为老在工作中犯错误而被解雇。
  * 开枪,射击
  They fired (their guns) at the enemy.他们向敌人开枪。
  We must find out who fired the first shot.我们必须查清谁开的枪。
  He fired several shots at the target.他向目标射出了几发子弹。
  * 激发(想象力)
  This event fired the imagination of many artists.这件事使很多艺术家受到启发。
  Adventure stories fired his imagination.冒险小说激发他的想象力。
  fire up   勃然大怒
  When he heard the news he fired up.听了那消息,他勃然大怒。
  12. look up to  尊敬,钦佩
  He’s a fine teacher. We’ve always look up to him.
  他是一位好老师,我们一向很尊敬他。
  She has always looked up to her father.
  她一向尊敬父亲。
  相关短语:
  look down upon/on     看不起
  look back          回顾
  look after         照料
  look for          寻找
  look forward to       期待
  look into          向里看;调查
  look on---as---       将---看作---
  look out          当心
  look through        快速阅读
  look up           向上看;查阅
  We can look up the word in the dictionary.
  我们可以在字典里查阅这个词。
  The peasants looked upon him as a specialist.
  农民们把他看作专家。
  I look down upon those who always rely on others.
  我看不起那些总是依赖别人的人。
  13. face   v.
  * 面向,朝着
  All the houses there face south.
  那里所有的房子都朝南。
  She did not want to face those people again.
  她不愿意再和那些人见面。
  Turn round and face me.
  转过身来对着我。
  The window faces the street.
  那扇窗子面临街道。
  * 面临,正视,勇敢面对
  The army often faced a serious shortage of food.
  那时部队经常面临粮食短缺的问题。
  We must face these difficulties and overcome them.
  我们必须正视困难,加以克服。
  We have no choice but to face the dangers.
  除了勇敢面对危险,我们别无选择。
  摆在面前
  Thus they have correctly solved the urgent problems facing them.
  他们就这样正确解决了摆在他们面前的紧迫问题。
  face the music    毅然面对考验或危险
  face sth. out     坚持到底,不让步
  face up to sth.    勇敢承认和面对
  We should face up to the fact that we are no longer young.
  我们应该勇敢承认和面对我们已不再年轻这一事实。
  14. burn down
  * 烧掉,焚毁 (burn sth. to the ground)
  A number of houses were burnt down in the fire.
  好些房子在火灾中都烧毁了。
  The house burnt down in half an hour.
  那所房子在半小时内就被焚为平地。
  Their houses, too, were burnt to the ground.
  他们的房子也被烧毁了。
  * (火)渐渐烧完,减弱
  The room grew colder as the fire burnt down.
  随着炉火越来越弱,房间越来越冷。
  burn off          烧掉
  burn out          因燃料用尽而熄灭,精疲力竭
  burn the midnight oil   挑灯夜战,开夜车
  The fire burned out. 炉火熄灭了。
  Don’t be too tired to burn yourself out.
  别太累让自己精疲力竭。
  He has the habit of burning the midnight oil before tests.
  考试前他有挑灯夜战的习惯。
  15. inform
  v.   通知,告之
  inform sb. of sth.
  inform sb. + 从句
  inform against/on/upon sb.   告发某人
  Did you inform them of the progress of the work
  你通知他们工作的进展情况了吗?
  We were informed that two prisoners had escaped.
  我们听说有两个犯人逃跑了。
  Have you informed them of your intended departure
  你通知了他们你想离开吗?
  I informed them where to go.
  我告诉了他们去哪儿。
  The thief informed on his accompany.
  那个小偷供出了他的同伙。
  *
  informer   n.     告密者,检举人
  information n.     通知,情报,消息
  informed   adj.    有知识的,了解情况的,见闻广的
  He is a well-informed man.
  他是个消息灵通人士。
  You should keep us informed whenever you are in trouble.
  一有麻烦你就应该告诉我们。
  16. prefer, would rather   宁愿,更喜欢(无比较级和最高级)
  *
  prefer sth./doing sth.
  prefer to do/sb. to do
  prefer sth. to sth.
  prefer doing to doing
  prefer to do rather than do
  prefer + 宾语从句(从句谓语用should do, should可省略)
  I prefer his view.
  我更喜欢他的观点。
  Which do you prefer, tea or coffee
  你更喜欢哪一样,茶还是咖啡?
  They prefer walking.
  他们宁可步行。
  He preferred spending weekends by himself.
  他更喜欢一个人过周末。
  She prefer to go to work by bus.
  她宁可搭公共汽车上班。
  They prefer you to go there./ They prefer that you (should) go there.
  他们觉得你还是去那里好。
  I prefer you to give me some advice.
  我更喜欢你给我提些建议。
  I prefer the country to the town.
  我喜欢乡村,不喜欢城市。
  They prefer walking to cycling.
  他们宁可步行也不愿意骑自行车。
  They prefer to go with us rather than stay at home.
  他们宁可和我们一起去也不愿意待在家里。
  * preference   n. 偏好,喜爱
  have a preference for sth.    偏爱某物
  She has a preference for pets.  她爱养宠物。
  *
  would rather (not) do
  would rather do than do
  would rather + 宾语从句(从句使用虚拟语气,对现在和将来的虚拟用一般过去时,对过去的虚拟用过去完成时。)
  ---How about a drink
  ---I would rather have something to eat.
  ---喝一杯怎么样?
  ---我宁愿来点吃的。
  I would rather not go out tonight, if you don’t mind.
  如果你不介意的话,今晚我不想外出了。
  He would rather have red apples than green ones.
  他宁愿要红苹果,而不愿要青的。
  I would rather talk with her mother than with her father.
  我宁愿同他母亲谈,而不愿同他父亲谈。
  I would rather you told me the truth.
  我宁愿你把真相告诉我。
  I would rather he had told me about it.
  我宁愿他告诉了我那件事。
  高考链接:
  Rather than ____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _____a bicycle.(NMET1994)
  A. ride, ride   B. riding, ride   C. ride, to ride   D. to ride, riding
  答案 C
  分析 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
 17. impress
  * vt. 压,印;铭刻,给---以深刻印象
  impress sb. with./impress sth. on sb.
  be impressed by (with /at)
  His parents try to impress on him that it is very important to be honest.
  他的父母尽力让他记住诚实是很重要的。
  He was deeply impressed by what he had seen in China.
  在中国见到的一切给他留下了深刻的印象。
  Impress wax with a seal./ Impress a seal on wax.
  用印盖在火漆上。
  His words are strongly impressed on my memory.
  他的话深深铭刻在我心头。
  The book did not impress me at all.
  这本书没有给我任何印象。
  I impressed on him the importance of work.
  我使他知道工作的重要性。
  * impression   n. 印象
  make a/an --- impression on sb.   给某人留下---的印象
  have a/an --- impression of ---   对---有---看法
  The speech made a strong impression on the House.
  这个演说给议员们留下了深刻印象。
  What were your first impressions of London
  你对伦敦的最初印象如何?
  It’s my impression that he doesn’t want to come.
  我觉得他好象想不起来。
  18. pull down
  * 拆毁,拆除
  The old houses were being pulled down.
  那些旧房子正在拆除中。
  The government plan to pull down the building and rebuild it.
  政府计划推倒那幢楼重建一座。
  It’s easier to pull down than to build up.
  拆房容易盖房难。
  * 拉下(帘子等)
  Shall I pull down the blinds
  我可以放下百叶窗吗?
  Can you pull down the curtain The light is too strong.
  你可以放下窗帘吗?光线太强了。
  * pull sb. down 使---虚弱
  His long illness had pulled him down.
  他因长期患病身体虚弱。
  An attack of influenza soon pulls you down.
  得一次流行感冒很快就会使你虚弱下来。
  pull up      拔起;(车子)停下
  pull in     (列车)到达,进站
  pull off     脱下
  pull on      穿上
  pull through   度过难关  He told the children not to pull up the young plants.
  他让孩子们不要把幼苗拔起来。
  The car pulled up in front of the hotel.
  汽车在旅馆前停了下来。
  19. of + n.
  * of + 抽象名词(如importance, help, value, use等)
  The matter is of great importance.
  = The matter is very important.
  这件事情很重要。
  I don’t find anything of interest in today’s newspaper.
  = I don’t find anything interesting in today’s newspaper.
  今天的报纸上我没看见什么有趣的内容。
  Is it of any use to you
  = Is it useful to you
  这对你有用吗?
  This dictionary is of great value for English learners.
  = This dictionary is very valuable for English learners.
  这本字典对学习英语的人很有价值。
  * of + 具体名词(表示大小,尺寸,形状,高低等)
  The two sisters are of the same height.
  这两姐妹同样高。
  Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and of different metals.
  硬币的大小、重量、形状以及所铸造的金属可能不一样。
  I would like two cups of the same shape.
  我想要两个形状相同的杯子。
  20. despite   prep. 尽管,不管,任凭
  despite sth./doing sth. = in spite of
  Despite the traffic jam, he arrived there on time.
  尽管交通拥挤,他还是准时到达了那儿。
  They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather.
  尽管天气不好,他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。
  We should remain modest despite our achievement.
  尽管取得成就,我们应该保持谦虚的态度。
  Despite working hard, he failed again.
  尽管很努力,他还是又失败了。
  Despite not passing the exam, he decided to try again.
  尽管没有通过考试,他决定再试一次。
  21. belong to 属于 (没有进行时和被动语态)
  These books belong to me.
  这些书是我的。
  That lid belongs to this jar.
  那个盖子是配这个罐子的。
  I belong to the tennis club.
  我是这个网球俱乐部的人员。
  * belongings   n. 财产,所有物
  The tourists lost all their belongings in the hotel fire.
  因旅馆失火,游客财物尽失。
  同步练习:
  一、单词拼写
  1. I feel ______(满意的) with the good result now.
  2. She has _____(观察) the moon all her life.
  3. The parents felt helpless when they found that their son had been _______(沉溺于) to love stories for long.
  4. In our class no one can ______(匹敌) him in football.
  5. Do you have any _____(怀疑) about his strength He can lift a mountain.
  6. The place is ______(方便的) for the meeting.
  7. She ______(承担) the organization of the whole scheme.
  8. For the boy, his father ______(代表) power.
  9. This is a _____(支流) of the Huanghe River.
  10.Of the six people in the plane that crashed, only one _____(幸存).
  11.The earthquake had been ______(预报) several months before.
  12.She is _____(相似的) to her father in many ways.
  13.This kind of work requires much _______(耐心).
  14.Is the source of the information _____(可靠的)
  15.The young man _____(抢劫) her of her bag.
  二、书面表达
  写作提示:
  1 我们寝室住着四个同学。
  2 大姐姐般的老赵,文静的小赵和活泼的小丽。
  3 我们的性格虽然不同,但我们相处十分融洽。
  要求:
  1 字数在100词左右;
  2 切忌逐词翻译。
  答案:
  一、
  1. satisfied   2. observed    3. addicted    4. match     5. doubt
  6. convenient   7. undertook    8. represents   9. branch     10. survived
  11.predicted   12.similar     13.patience    14. reliable   15. robbed
  二、
  My Roommates
  There are four members in our dormitory. They are Lao Zhao, Xiao Zhao, Lily and me. We are totally different in many ways. For example, interest, habit, even color.
  Lao Zhao is our elder sister. She cares for everybody. If one of us catches a cold, she will take good care of her. When we are in trouble, we turn to her. Xiao Zhao is a quiet girl. She never speaks too much. Every night when we chat after the light is out, she is always the one who says little but listens quietly. Lily is just the opposite of Xiao Zhao. She is very pleasant and humorous. Where there is Lily, there is laughing. If you see a red dress, throw it on Lily’s bed. She is a hot girl.
  Such are my three roommates. In spite of the different characters, we get on well with each other. Our dormitory has become our common home.
  注意短语的使用:
  be different from            与---不同
  take good care of = look after well  很好地照顾
  be in trouble              遇到麻烦
  turn to                 求助于
  in spite of               不管
  get on well with            相处融洽
Book 2 Unit 4---6
  一、重点词汇、短语与句型
  1.put together               把…结合在一起,装配
  2.play with                 玩,玩耍
  3.call up             召唤,使人想起,(给…)打电话,提出(议 案等)
  4.stand out                 突出,显眼
  5.light up                 照亮,点上(烟等)
  6.come into being             出现,形成
  7.send for                 使某人来到,要求将某物取来或送到
  8.contribute to…             为…作贡献(或捐款),有助于
  9.consist of                由…组成
  10.be made up of…             由…组
  11.make the most of            充分利用,充分展示
  12.hold together              (使)连在一起,(使)团结一致
  13.the Atlantic Ocean           大西洋
  14.in general                一般地,大体上
  15.catch a glimpse of           瞥见
  16.keep in touch with           与…保持联系
  17.pay attention to            注意,留意
  18.deal with                 处理,安排
  19.in store                 贮藏着,准备着
  20.sound absurd               听起来荒诞
  21.imitate the real world          模仿现实世界
  22.distance education            远程教育
  23.be well-prepared for           为…做好准备
  24.raise sheep                养羊
  25.at one point               在某处
  26.face difficulties             面对困难
  27.be surrounded by…            被…围绕/包围
  28.become independent            独立
  29.end up with                以…结束
  30.as far as…                远达…
  31.run over                  溢出,车辆等輾过
  32.pay for one’s purchases         购物付款
 33.表达意图:
  I’m interested to…but…
  I think I might want to…
  I want to…
  I’d like to…
  I’ve never heard of…so…
  I’ve never read any…so…
  I think it will be too difficult to…
  I think it will be boring…
  I hope to find…
  I don’t know much about…
  I’m very interested in…so…
  I’m not very interested in…so…
  34.表示猜想、假想:
  We can only guess…
  No one can predict what/when…
  Just imagine if…
  It’s possible/impossible to predict…
  It would be wonderful if…
  It would be bad for…if…
  二、知识点归纳
  1.stand out
  *突出,脱颖而出,显眼
  ⑴He is a great singer. He stands out above the rest.
  他是一个不错的歌手,他从许多歌手中脱颖而出。
  ⑵In this list two names stand out particularly.在这个名单中有两个名字引人注目。
  ⑶Her work stands out from the rest as easily the best.她的工作成绩远比其他人都好。
  ⑷She stands out in the crowd, for she is two meters in height.
  她在人群中显得很突出,因为她身高两米。
  *坚持
  ⑴We managed to stand out against all attempts to close the company down.
  我们竭力顶住了要关闭公司的一切作法。
  ⑵They stood out until victory.他们坚持到胜利。
  其他stand 短语:
  stand by            袖手旁观,支持或援助某人,遵守
  stand for           代表,象征
  stand up for sb./sth     为某人/事说话,支持某人/事
  stand over sb.        监视某人
  stand aside          站到一边去,让开,不参与
 ⑴Stand aside to let him pass.站到一边去,让他过去。
  ⑵Don’t stand aside and let others do all the work.不要什么都不干,事情都让别人做。
  ⑶I’ll stand by you whatever happens.无论发生什么事情,我都会支持你。
  ⑷She still stands by every word she said.她仍然信守自己说过的每一句话。
  ⑸How can you stand by and let him treat his dog like that
  他那样虐待他的狗,你怎能袖手旁观呢?
  ⑹What does ‘T. G.’ stand for in ‘T.G. Smith’
  T.G. Smith中的T.G. 是哪两个字母的缩写?
  ⑺Don’t stand over me while I am cooking.我做饭的时候别盯着我。
  ⑻I hate to have my boss standing over me.我不喜欢上司监督我。
  ⑼You must stand up for your rights.你一定要维护自己的权利。
  2.come into being出现,形成,产生
  ⑴Modern English came into being from about the middle of the 16th century.
  现代英语大约是从十六世纪的中叶开始形成的。
  ⑵Thus the first railway in China came into being.这样中国的第一条铁路就形成了。
  类似结构:
  come into fashion      开始流行
  come into existence     开始形成
  come into force       开始生效
  come into consideration   开始考虑
  come into sight       看见
  come into use        开始使用
  ⑴We were happy when the house came into sight because we had been walking for three hours.
  有看到那所房子时,我们很高兴,因为我们已经走了三个小时了。
  ⑵Long skirts have come into fashion again. 长裙子又流行起来了。
  ⑶When do the new safety rules come into force 新的安全规则何时生效?
  ⑷When did the world come into existence 世界是什么时候产生的?
  ⑸Electronic computers have come into wide use.电脑已广泛使用起来了。
  3.contribute to…
  *有助于,促成
  ⑴Does smoking contribute to lung cancer 吸烟会导致肺癌吗?
  ⑵Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.多吸新鲜空气有助于身体健康。
  *出(钱、力、主意等),捐助,捐赠
  ⑴The chairman encouraged everyone to contribute to the discussion.主席鼓励大家参加讨论。
  ⑵They contributed huge amounts of their own time to the project.
  他们把自己的大量时间花在这个工程上。
  *撰稿,投稿
  ⑴She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines.她给文学刊物投了(几首诗)稿。
  ⑵In general I write books, but sometimes I contribute to the newspaper.
  一般情况下我写书,但有时候也给报社投稿。
  *contribution  n.   捐助,投稿,稿件
  contributory   adj.  有贡献的,捐助的
  contributor   n.   捐助者,投稿者
  ⑴We should make greater contributions to the cause of socialism.
  我们应当为社会主义事业做出更大的贡献。
  ⑵Your stupidity was a contributory cause of the fire.你的愚蠢是这次火灾的一个原因。
  ⑶He is a regular contributor to our magazine.他是我们杂志的定期撰稿人。
  4.distance   n.   距离,远方
  常用搭配:
  in the distance                在远处,在远方
  at a distance                 在一定距离的地方
  at a distance of               在…远的地方
  keep one’s distance (from sb./sth.)    与某人/某物保持一定距离
  keep sb. at a distance            与某人保持一定距离,不愿与某人接近
  go the distance                (尤指运动)继续跑完全程
  ⑴Nobody thought he’d last 15 rounds , but he went the full distance.
  没有人认为他会坚持15个回合,然而他打满了全局。
  ⑵I would keep my distance from that dog, if I were you.我要是你,就离那条狗远一点。
  ⑶The sound of the waterfall can be heard at a distance of two miles.
  在两英里远的地方就能听到瀑布的声音。
  ⑷We saw a light in the distance.我们看到远处有灯光。
  ⑸The picture looks better at a distance.这副画远看更好一些。
  ⑹It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
  很难了解她,因为她总是跟每个人保持着一定的距离。
  *distant   adj.   遥远的,远隔的,远亲的
  ⑴She is a distant cousin of mine.她是我的远方表妹。
  ⑵Can you hear the distant sound of a bell 你能听到遥远的钟声吗?
  ⑶He lives five miles distant from here.他住的地方离这里有五英里远。
  高考题链接:
  The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _______ of 60 miles.(2004全国高考---4)
  A. length   B. distance   C. way   D. space
  分析: length 长度,way 道路,方法,space空间, distance距离。题意为:从60英里开外可以看到在拉什莫尔山上四位美国总统的头像。
  答案:B
  5.in general 一般地,大体上
  ⑴In general, people prefer a comedy to tragedy.一般说来,人们喜欢喜剧而不是喜欢悲剧。
  ⑵In general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful.
  总的说来,她的作品不错,不过这篇文章糟透了。
  *generally   adv.    通常,一般说来
  generally speaking     一般来讲
  as a general rule     在通常情况下,一般而言
  ⑴I generally get up early.我平常起的很早。
  ⑵Generally speaking, it’s quite a fair settlement.大致上说,这样解决很恰当。
  ⑶Generally, the weather in Britain is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.
  一般来讲,英国的天气冬天不会太冷,夏天不会太热。
  ⑷As a general rule he goes to bed late.一般而言,他睡觉晚。
  高考题链接:
  In _____ the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.(2003上海春招)
  A. common   B. total   C. general   D. particular
  分析:本题题意为:一般来说北方人喜欢吃水饺,而南方人喜欢吃大米。in common 共同,共用,in total 总共,in general一般来说,in particular特别,尤其。
  答案:C
  6.influence   n. 影响,作用
  常用搭配:
  influence on/upon/over…     对…有影响,对…有支配力
  under the influence of…     在…的影响下
  ⑴Literature and art have a great influence upon people’s ideology.
  文艺对人们的思想有很大的影响。
  ⑵He has a strange influence over the girl.他对这个女孩有一种奇妙的影响。
  ⑶He is a bad influence on my daughter.他对我女儿有一个坏的影响。
  ⑷He was charged with driving under the influence of alcohol.他被控酒后驾车。
  vt. 影响,感化
  ⑴The labour enthusiasm of the workers strongly influenced us.
  工人们的劳动热情强烈地感染了我们。
  ⑵What influenced you to do it 是什么促使你去做那件事的。
  *influential   adj.   有影响的
  考题链接:
  Over-heating development might have bad ____ on the national economy.
  A. cause   B. influence   C. result   D. factor
  分析:have bad influence on sb./sth 对…有坏影响
  7.own   v.   拥有,领有
  ⑴The house is mine. I own it.这房子是我的,归我所有。
  ⑵She owns a car but rarely drives it. 她有一辆车,但很少开。
  ⑶Who owns this land 这块土地是谁的?
  * pron.   属于自己的
  常用搭配:
  on one’s own               独自,靠自己
  of one’s own               属于某人自己的
  come into one’s own           获得应有的荣誉、承认、名声等
  hold one’s own(against sb./sth)    坚守立场;不被击败
  ⑴She can certainly hold her own against anybody in an argument.
  她在辩论中决不会输给任何人。
  ⑵Children need toys of their own.儿童需要有自己的玩具。
  ⑶She lives on her own.她独自过日子。
  ⑷Although her father is in the firm she got the job on her own.
  尽管她父亲在公司里,但她那份工作却是靠自己得到的。
  ⑸She really comes into her own when someone is ill.
  有人生病时才真正看出她的为人。
  ⑹This car really comes into its own on rough ground.
  这辆汽车在颠簸的路上才真正显示出它独特的性能。
  8.consist of   由…构成,由…组成
  ⑴The committee consists of ten members.委员会由十人组成。
  ⑵The city of New York consists of five boroughs.纽约市有五个行政区。
  * consist in 在于,存在于
  ⑴The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这个计划的好处就在于简单易行。
  ⑵The true wealth does not consist in what we have, but in what we are.
  真正的财富不是财产,而是人格。
  ⑶The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colors.这副画的美在于其色彩的调和。
  *consist with 与…并存,一致
  Theory should consist with practice.理论应与实践相一致。
  9.remain   vi.   留下,逗留
  link-v. 仍然是,保持是
  常用搭配:
  remain + 名词/形容词/分词/介词短语
  remain + to be +形容词/名词短语
  sth remains to be done      某事有待于去做
  ⑴I remain in London until May.我在伦敦一直呆到五月。
  ⑵When others had gone, he remained and helped the host wash dishes.
  别人都走了,他留下来帮助主人洗碗。
  ⑶He remained silent. 他保持着沉默。
  ⑷She remained sitting there. 她仍然坐在那里。
  ⑸The natural beauty of the country remained unchanged.那个国家的天然美景仍然不变。
  ⑹In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best friends.
  他们尽管吵过架,却仍不失为最好的朋友。
  ⑺It remains to be seen whether you are right.你是否正确,以后可见分晓。
  ⑻Much remains to be done.要做的事还很多。
  ⑼His brother became a teacher while he remained a peasant.
  他的哥哥成了教师而他还是农民。
  ⑽We shall remain in touch with him.我们将与他保持联系。
  高考题链接:
  The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.
  (1999上海高考)
  A.20 dollars remained      B.20 dollars to remain
  C. remained 20 dollars     D. remaining 20 dollars
  分析:remain作不及物动词时,没有过去分词作定语这种用法,因此排除C,也没有作宾语补足语用法,排除A, B项不定式表示‘将剩下’不合题意。
  答案:D
  10.deal with   处置,处理;与…打交道,对付;论述;与…做买卖
  ⑴In spite of his illness, he continued to deal with problems of all kinds.
  尽管生病了,他还继续处理各种各样的问题。
  ⑵There were so many difficulties for them to deal with.他们有那么多的困难要处理。
  ⑶I’ll deal with decimals in the next lesson.下一堂课我要讲小数。
  ⑷I intend to deal with contemporary writers in a separate article.
  我打算在另一篇文章里论述当代作家。
  ⑸How would you deal with an armed burglar
  你怎样对付闯进来的持有武器的强盗?
  ⑹The businessman is very honest, so you can deal safely with him.
  那个商人很诚实,你可以放心地去和他做生意。
  ⑺He is hard to deal with.很难和他相处。
  * deal in …经营…
  ⑴My bank deals in stocks and shares now.我们银行现在经营债务与股票。
  ⑵We deal in hardware but not software.我们只经营硬件不经营软件。
  *辨析:表示“如何处理时”,deal with常和how搭配使用,而do with常和what搭配使用。
  ⑴They didn’t know how to deal with the old machine.他们不知如何处理这台旧机器。
  ⑵I don’t know what to do with the old bicycle.我不知道如何处理这辆旧自行车。
  11.play with 玩耍,与…一起玩,玩弄,轻率对待某事物
  ⑴The boy is playing with a toy.这个小男孩在玩玩具。
  ⑵What comedians have in common with the players in a comedy is their way of playing with words.
  滑稽演员与喜剧中的表演者的共同之处就是他们玩弄辞藻的方式。
  ⑶He who plays with fire gets burned.玩火者自焚。
  ⑷He is playing with his friends.他正在和他的朋友玩。
  ⑸She is playing with the idea of starting her own business.
  她胡乱想着自己开业的事。
  ⑹Can you come and play with us 你能来和我们一起玩吗?
  * play 表示“打球”,“与…比赛”,“扮演”,“演奏”,用作及物动词
  ⑴Can you play the violin 你会拉小提琴吗?
  ⑵They are playing ‘Carmen’ at the Coliseum.他们在伦敦的大剧场上演《卡门》。
  ⑶Have you played her at tennis yet 你同她比赛过网球了吗?
  ⑷We often play football after school.我们经常在放学后踢足球。
  12.pay attention to 注意   (其中to是介词)
  ⑴You should pay more attention to your reading and writing.你应更加注意你的读和写。
  ⑵Please pay attention to what he is saying.请注意他在说些什么。
  常见的attention搭配:
  with attention                 专心地
  attract /draw sb.’s attention (to…)   引起某人的注意
  devote one’s attention to…         专心于
  give one’s attention to…          注意
  catch sb’s attention             引起某人的注意
  stand at attention              立正
  ⑴You must give your full attention to what you are doing.你必须全神贯注地做你所做的事。
  ⑵I keep trying to attract the waiter’s attention.我不断示意招呼服务员。
  ⑶A newspaper headline caught his attention.报纸的大字标题引起了他的注意。
  ⑷She drew my attention to an error in the report.她要我注意报告中的一处错误。
  ⑸He listened with attention.他专心地听。
  13.require   vt.   要求
  常用于以下搭配:
  require sb.to do sth.          要求某人做某事
  require that sb. (should) do sth.   要求某人做某事
  ⑴I am required immediately to report to the headquarters.
  要我立即向司令部报到。
  ⑵They require that I (should)go at once.他们要求我立刻去。
  * 需要(相当于need)
  require doing
  =require to be done   需要…
  ⑴These young seedlings will require looking after carefully.
  =These young seedlings will require to be looked after carefully.
  这些幼苗需要细心照料。
  ⑵This bicycle requires repairing.
  =This bicycle requires to be repaired.
  这辆自行车需要修理。
  *requirement   n. 需要,要求
  考题链接:
  The house is old. It requires ________.
  A. to repair   B. repaired   C. repairing   D. repair
  分析:require当‘需要’讲时,常用 require doing或require to be done
  答案:C
  14.call up
  * 打电话
  ⑴I’ll call you up at about eight o’clock.我八点钟左右给你打电话。
  ⑵On reaching the city, I called up the office.一到那个城市我就给办公室打电话。
  * 唤起,使回忆起
  ⑴The picture called up the story of Tom Sawyer.那副画使人想起汤姆·索亚的故事。
  ⑵The song calls up memories of my childhood.这首歌唤起我对童年的回忆。
  *征召(服役)
  He was called up in 1917.他1917年应征入伍。
  *其他动词和副词up的搭配:
  tidy up    收拾干净
  tie up     绑好,捆好
  nail up    用钉子钉起来
  clear up    (天气)放晴,整洁,清理
  add up     加起来
  fasten up    固定好
  save up     贮存
  15.form
  *n. 形式,形态,表格
  常用搭配:
  in the form of…       以…的形式
  fill in a form       填表格
  take the form of       采取…的形式
  be in good form       竞技状态良好
  ⑴They took the form of armed struggle.他们采取了武装斗争的形式。
  ⑵Their diet contains a lot of fat in the form of potato crisps, potato chips, butter, cream and chocolate.
  他们的食物有炸土豆片,炸土豆条,黄油,奶酪和巧克力,这些都含有大量的脂肪。
  ⑶He filled in the form in ink.他用钢笔填表格。
  ⑷After six months’ training, the whole team is in good form.
  全队经过六个月的训练竞技状态好。
  * v.   形成,建立
  短语搭配:
  form the habit of doing sth   养成做某事的习惯
  ⑴The labour leader was asked to form a government.要求工党领袖组织政府。
  ⑵His research formed the basis of his new book.他的研究成果是他这本新书的基础。
  ⑶We have formed the habit of getting up early.我们已养成了早起的好习惯。
  高考题链接:
  Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.(2004全国高考—1)
  A. to form   B. form   C. forming   D. having formed
  分析:题意为:阅读与看电视的体验完全不同,读书是在脑海里形成画面而看电视是在眼前有画面。Forming现在分词做定语,表示同时发生的事情   
  答案:C
  16.judge
  *n.   法官,裁判员,鉴赏家,鉴定家
  ⑴The judge found him guilty and sentenced him to five years.法官判决他有罪,入狱五年。
  ⑵The case came before Judge Cooper last week.该案上周呈交库珀法官审理。
  ⑶The judges’ decision is final.裁判的决定即是最终决定。
  ⑷He is a good judge of wine.他是一个鉴别酒的行家。
  *v.   判定,判断,审判,审理
  短语搭配:
  judge sb.(to be)       判断某人
  judging from/by…       从…判断起来
  ⑴As far as I can judge, they are all to blame.拒我判断,他们都有责任。
  ⑵Judging from the previous experience, he will be late.根据以往的经验来看,他得迟到。
  ⑶I judge him (to be) a skilled worker.我判定他是一个熟练工人。
  ⑷Judging from/by his accent, he must be from the South.从他的口音判断,他来自南方。
  考题链接:
  _____ from the number of cars, he thought, there were not many people at the club yet.
  A. To judge   B. Judged   C. Judging   D. Having judged
  分析:judging from/by…   由…判断,为固定结构
  答案:C
  17.run over  溢出
  ⑴The water is running over.水在溢出。
  ⑵The river is running over its banks and we shall be flooded.
  河水正在漫过河岸,我们就要受淹了。
  *(车辆等)辗过
  ⑴She was run over yesterday when she was crossing the street.
  昨天她在过马路的时候被车辗过了。
  ⑵He ran over a cat last night.
  他昨天晚上开车轧着了一只猫。
  ⑶Two children were run over by a lorry and killed.
  有两个孩子被一辆卡车轧死了。
  * 快速阅读某物,温习或演习某事物
  ⑴I always run over my lines before going on stage.
  我登台演出前总要温习一下台词。
  ⑵I ran over my notes before giving the lecture.
  我讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍。
  高考题链接:
  Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _____ run over by a car.
(2002北京春招)
  A. have   B. get   C. become   D. turn
  分析:run over是及物动词短语,意思是‘碾过’,get后接过去分词表示被动。这句话的意思是“穿过这条繁忙的马路时一定要小心。否则,你就会被汽车压着。”
  答案:B
  18.save sb.from sth./doing sth.   挽救某人,使某人免于…
  ⑴I saved the boy from drowning.
  我救了那个溺水的小男孩。
  ⑵A police officer saved the tourist from being cheated.
  一位警官使游客免于受骗。
  相似结构:
  prevent …from…      阻止…
  keep…from…        阻止…
  stop…from…        阻止…
  protect…from…       保护…,使某人免受…
  ⑴What prevented him from going
  什么事阻止了他去。
  ⑵No one can stop us from taking the socialist road.
  没人能阻止我们走社会主义道路。
  ⑶Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.
  请别让孩子到海里游泳。
  ⑷He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
  他抬起胳膊挡住向他脸部打来的一拳。
  其他save短语搭配:
  save one’s life      挽救某人的生命
  save one’s breath     不必白费口舌
  save(sb.’s)face      保全面子
  save the situation     挽回局势,度过难关
  ⑴You can save your breath. You’ll never persuade her.
  别白费口舌了,你决说服不了她。
  ⑵Though she’d lost her job, she saved face by saying she’d left it willingly.
  尽管她失去了工作,但她却说是自愿离职以保全面子。
  ⑶Disagreements threatened to wreck the peace talks, but the president’s intervention saved the situation.
  讲和谈判因意见分歧险些失败,而会长从中周旋方转危为安。
  ⑷The doctor worked through the night to save the life of the injured man.
  医生彻夜工作以拯救伤者的性命。
  19.pay attention to
  Pay attention to what I am saying.
  注意听我的讲话。
  pay back         偿付,报答
  pay a visit to…    参观、访问…
  pay sb.a visit      拜访某人
  pay off          还清
  pay for          付出代价,受到惩罚
  ⑴How can I pay you back for all your kindness
  你的这番好意我该如何报答呢?
  ⑵Have you paid me back the money you owe me yet
  你向我借的钱还给我了吗?
  ⑶I’ll pay you a visit next week.
  我将于下周去拜访你。
  ⑷The reactionaries will have to pay for what they have done.
  反动派必将因他们的所作所为而受到惩处。
  20.hold together   团结一致,连在一起,保持完整
  ⑴The car’s bodywork scarcely holds together.这汽车的车身简直要散架了。
  ⑵The country needs a leader who will hold the nation together.
  该国需要一个能使全国团结的领袖。
  ⑶The Tory party always holds together in times of crisis.
  保守党在在紧要关头总是能团结一致。
  其他hold短语搭配:
  hold on to sth        保留某物,抓住某物
  hold up            阻碍或延误…;抬高
  hold on            坚持住
  hold one’s breath      屏住呼吸
  hold oneself in        压住(怒火等)
  hold a meeting        举行会议
  ⑴Road-works on the motorway are holding up traffic.
  高速公路上的道路施工影响了交通。
  ⑵Our flight was held up by fog.
  我们的班机因大雾而停航。
  ⑶They managed to hold on until help arrived.
  他们设法坚持直到有救援来到。
  ⑷Hold your head up.
  把头抬起来。
  ⑸Hold your breath and keep still.
  屏住呼吸,不要动。
  ⑹He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.
  他抓住一根树枝,直到我们把他救下来。
  ⑺He couldn’t hold himself in.
  他克制不住自己的感情。
  ⑻We held a meeting to discuss the plan.
  我们开了会来讨论这个计划。
  高考题链接:
  We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to ______ it. It might be valuable.(2002全国高考)
  A. hold on to   B. keep up with   C. turn to   D. look after
  分析:hold on to 保留某物,keep up with保持,赶上,turn to求助于, look after照顾。题意为:我们本想把家具卖掉,但我们还是决定把家具留下来,说不定这家具挺值钱
  答案:A
  同步练习:
  一、 单词拼写
  1.They have made _____(非凡的)progress in science and technology.
  2.After a few days they returned with ______(光荣).
  3.I’m too hot in the sun; let’s get into the s______ of the tree.
  4.I took his place during his a______.
  5.Don’t judge a person only on the b______ of first impressions.
  6.The street is too n_____. It does not allow cars from opposite directions to pass.
  7.The workers were ______(雇用)to help his Dad.
  8.The past tense of “cook” is f_____ by adding “ed”.
  9.One of the a_______ of this method is that it saves a lot of fuel.
  10.What life will be like in the future is difficult to ______(预见).
  11.To pay for their _____(购物),people will use smart cards, which contain a tiny computer, instead of cash.
  12.Because of her teacher’s ______(影响),she chose to study English at university.
  13.The fast food restaurant tries to e_____ that customers are served quickly.
  14.We are ________(接近)the airport.
  15.He is a nice young man. Quite a few people have ______(推荐)him for the job.
  二、 单项选择
  1._____ all the snow in the valley, the cabin remained warm and comfortable.
  A. Despite   B. In spite of the fact   C. Despite of    D. Although
  2.She saw the picture of her father and it _____ her sorrows afresh.
  A. called up   B. called for   C. called on   D. called in
  3.CPC ______ the Communist Party of China.
  A. stands out   B. stands on   C. stands for   D. stands aside
  4.A good friend will _____ you when you are in trouble.
  A. stand up   B. stand out   C. stand by   D. stand for
  5.The doctor is trying to reduce the patient’s fear _____ he would die of the disease.
  A. which   B. when   C. that   D. if
  6.______ what you say, he could have done this work still better.
  A. Judging from   B. Judge by   C. To judge by   D. judge from
  7.The true wealth does not consist _____ what we have, but ____ what we are.
  A. in, in   B. of, of   C. in, of   D. of , in
  8.He was _____ and killed by a bus.
  A.. run out   B. run off   C. run away   D. run over
  9.We’lll trade with him, for we ______ him to be an honest man.
  A. prove   B. tell   C. judge   D. trust
  10.The teacher encouraged him to work hard and _____the most of his abilities.
  A. get   B. make   C. take   D. bring
  11.He chose to continue ____ his study in Australia _____ the influence of his uncle.
  A. with , on   B. in , under    C. in , on   D. with , under
  12.It remains ______ whether you are right.
  A. to be seen   B. seeing    C. seen   D. to see
  13.She remained _____ when they came in.
  A. to be sat   B. sitting    C. sat   D. to sit
  14.If we write or telephone regularly, we shan’t ______.
  A. be in touch    B. keep in touch    C. lose touch   D. bring in touch
  15.It was obvious that the matter had never ______.
  A. paid attention         B. paid attention on  
  C. been paid attention to     D. pay attention
  16.Something must be done to prevent factories sending out poisonous gases so as to keep the city______.
  A. polluting   B. from polluting   C. pollute   D. from being polluted
  17.He is now paying _____ attention to what the article says than to the way ____ the language is used.
  A. much more, on which
  B. a lot more, that
  C. very more, in which
  D. even more, by which
  18.Six hundred yuan a month doesn’t ______ much for saving, as prices are very____.
  A. remain, high    B. remain, expensive   C. leave, high    D. leave, expensive
  19.A child should learn to _____ himself______.
  A. care of, on himself
  B. care of, on his own
  C. care for, on himself
  D. care for, on his own
  20.The room was small but contained______.
  A. a lot of furnitures      B. a lot of furniture
  C. a number of furnitures     D. many furnitures
  答案与提示:
  一、
  1.extraordinary   2.glory       3.shade       4.absence     5.basis
  6.narrow       7.employed     8.formed       9.advantages    10.predict
  11.purchases     12.influence    13.ensure     14.approaching   15.recommended
  二、
  1.A   despite是介词,despite +名词=in spite of +名词,B项中fact为多余的词。
  2.A   call up使人想起/回忆到。
  3.C   stand for 代表,象征。
  4.C   stand by…支持,照顾。
  5.C   that在从句中不作成分,引导的是fear的同位语从句。
  6.A   judging from/by… ‘从…判断起来’是习惯用法。
  7.A   consist in存在于。
  8.D   句意为‘他被公共汽车压死了’。run over‘撞倒并碾过’,与句意相符。
  9.C   judge…to be…判断/认为…是…
  10.B   make the most of表示‘充分利用’。
  11.D   continue with表示‘继续’,后接名词。under the influence 表示‘在…的影响下’。
  12.A   It remains to be seen whether…是否…仍不得而知。remain to do 尚待/留待做…。
  13.B   remain doing 表示‘仍然在做某事,保持某状态’。
  14.C   lose touch表示‘失去联系’。
  15.C   pay attention to 表示‘注意’,它的被动语态是C选项。
  16.D   keep … from doing 阻止…,此处应用被动形式。
  17.B   pay more attention to 更加注意。a lot 可用来修饰比较级。the way 后面的定语从句关系词有三种形式:that, in which, 省略。
  18.C   价格只能用high/low来表述,不能用expensive/cheap来表述。Remain是不及物动词或系动词,leave为及物动词。此题中有宾语much,因此选用leave而不能用remain。
  19.D   care for 表示‘关心,照料’,on one’s own=by oneself 表示‘独立地,独自地’。
  20.B   furniture是不可数名词。
  
Book 2 Unit 7---9
  一、重点词汇、短语与句型
  1.live with              忍受,与…住在一起
  2.die of               死于…
  3.cheer(…)up           (使)感到振奋,(使)感到高兴
  4.suffer from             遭受
  5.on the contrary           正相反
  6.for the moment            暂时,目前
  7.free from…             不受…的影响,没有…的
  8.keep in mind             记住
  9.roll over              翻转,倒转
  10.in honor of             向…表示敬意,为庆祝…,为纪念…
  11.in case of…            假使,以防
  12.a list of…             一张…的清单
  13.the United Nations         联合国
  14.take part in            参加,参与(某事物)
  15.take action             采取行动
  16.air conditioner           空气调节器
  17.in harmony with           与…协调
  18.put an end to…            结束
  19.wipe out               消灭,擦洗…的内部,去除
  20.advise sb.(not)to do sth.     劝某人(不)做某事
  21.be/become infected with…       感染上
  22.spread through blood          通过血液传播
  23.break down the immune system     破坏免疫系统
  24.take every chance           利用时机,碰碰运气
  25.stay calm                保持镇静
  26.be worn out              穿破,筋疲力尽
  27.upside down               倒转地,颠倒地,杂乱地
  28.do whatever one can to do sth.    竭尽全力做某事
  29.clean drinking water          干净的引用水
  30.in rural areas             在农村地区
  31.make a big difference         有很大影响
  32.be bad for the environment       对环境有害
  33.spread across the world        传遍全世界
  34.take notes of              做记录
  35.first aid                急救
  36.mouth-to-mouth             口对口的
  37.flow out                 流出来
  38.be determined to             决心
  39.表明支持某种意见:
  We must make sure that…
  It’s clear that…
  I believe that we must…
  I’m all for…
  If nothing is done…, then…
  I can’t imagine that…
  Sure/Certainly/Absolutely.
  It would be better if we…
  Is there a better way to…
  40.描述虚拟情景:
  If I were you, I would…
  I wish…
  If we/they were to …, we/they could…
  …as if…
  二、知识点归纳
  1.bleed  v.  出血,流血;放血
  常用搭配:
  bleed for…                (为事业、祖国)负伤或牺牲;悲痛
  bleed sb(for sth)             向某人勒索(钱财等)
  bleed sb white               榨取某人所有的钱
  bleed to death               流血过多而死
  ⑴Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill.
  从前医生常常给病人放血。
  ⑵If you cut your finger, it will bleed.
  如果你割破手指,它就会流血。
  ⑶The blackmailers bled him for every penny he had.
  勒索者把他的钱榨得一干二净。
  ⑷He was slowly bleeding to death.
  他正慢慢流血而死。
  ⑸My heart bleeds for those poor unhappy children.
  对那些不幸的穷孩子我心里感到很难过。
  ⑹Our hearts bleed for you.
  我们为你感到悲痛。
  ⑺We’ll never forget those who bled for the revolution.
  我们永远不会忘记为革命献身的人们。
  * blood  n.  血,血液
  常用搭配:
  bad blood(between A and B)         仇恨,恶感
  make sb’s blood run cold          使人感到惧怕和恐怖
  new/fresh blood               (团体、公司、俱乐部等的)新人
  make sb’ s blood boil            使某人非常气愤
  flesh and blood                血肉之躯,人性
  ⑴There’s a lot of bad blood between those two families.
  这两家人积怨很深。
  ⑵This company is badly in need of new blood.
  这个公司急需新人。
  ⑶The sight of the dead body made his blood run cold.
  他看见尸体不禁毛骨悚然。
  ⑷The way he treats his children makes my blood boil.
  他那样对待他的孩子,我非常气愤。
  ⑸It was more than flesh and blood could bear.
  这是血肉之躯无法忍受的。
  * bloody   adj.   血染的,出血的
  bloodless   adj.   不流血的,无伤亡的
  *
  blood bank       血库
  blood-bath       大屠杀
  blood group      血型
  blood-poisoning    毒血症
  blood transfusion   输血
  blood sucker      吸血动物,吸血鬼
  blood pressure     血压
  blood test       验血
  blood-red       血红的,鲜红的
  2.honor
  * n.  荣幸,荣誉
  短语搭配:
  do sb the honor (of doing sth)      使某人有特殊的荣幸
  have the honor(of sth)           获得某种特殊的荣幸,有幸…
  on one’s honor                在道义的促使下,以名誉或人格担保
  in honor of…                 为向…表示敬意,为纪念…,为庆祝…
  in sb’s /sth’s honor            出于对…的敬意
  ⑴We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.
  我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。
  ⑵This song is written in honor o f Lei Feng.
  写这首歌是为了纪念雷锋。
  ⑶A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.
  为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们,建立了一座纪念碑。
  ⑷Will you do me the honor of dining with me
  可否赏光和我一起吃饭?
  ⑸May I have the honor of this dance
  可以赏光和我跳个舞吗?
  ⑹He was on his honor not to tell the secret.
  他用名誉担保决不泄密。
  * v. 给某人以荣誉
  短语搭配:
  be honored for…           因…而受到尊敬
  be/feel honored to do         很荣幸能做…
  be/feel honored that         …很荣幸能做…
  ⑴I am honored to be here with you.
  能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。
  ⑵Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work.
  白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。
  ⑶Today the President is honoring us with his presence.
  今天总统的出席使我们十分荣幸。
  ⑷I am honored that you should notice me.
  我很荣幸您能注意到我。
  高考链接:
  Washington, a state in the United State, was named _______ one of the greatest American president. (1999上海高考)
  A. in honor of   B. instead of   C. in favor of   D. by means of
  解析:题意为:城市华盛顿是为了纪念总统而命名的。instead of “反而是”,by means of“借助…的方式”,in favor of   “赞成”,它们都与题意不符。
  答案:A
  3.keep…in mind 记住,把…记在心里
  ⑴I hope you will keep in mind what I am saying.
  我希望你把我所说的话记在心里。
  ⑵Keep in mind the rules of safety when you swim.
  游泳时要记住安全规则。
  ⑶I’ll keep your suggestion in mind.
  我会记住你的建议的。
  其他mind 短语搭配:
  be out of one’s mind    发狂,发疯
  bring/call …to mind     想起…
  keep one’s mind on sth.   继续专心于…
  take sb’s mind off sth .  使…不再思考或担忧某事
  make up one’s mind     作出决定
  change one’s mind      改变决定或意见
  to my mind          依我看来
  ⑴You must be out of your mind if you think I’m going to lend you money.
  如果你以为我会借给你钱,那么你一定是疯了。
  ⑵I know her face but I can’t call her name to mind.
  我认得她,但我想不起她的名字了。
  ⑶Keep your mind on your job.
  专心做你的工作。
  ⑷Hard work always takes your mind off domestic problems.
  工作一劳累就使人不再想着家庭问题了。
  ⑸I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor.
  我决心当医生。
  ⑹Nothing will make me change my mind.
  任何事情都不能使我改变主意。
  ⑺To my mind you are wrong.
  在我看来你错了。
  考题链接:
  That contagious disease was turning the town upside down. The government was taking measures to help people _______ their minds off it.
  A. reduce   B. put   C. throw   D. take
  分析:题意为:那种传染病使这个小镇翻了个个儿,政府正采取措施来让人们不再把心思放在这方面。
take one’s mind off 意为:使…不再思考或担忧某事。
  答案:D
  4.persuade  v.  说服,劝说
  短语搭配:
  persuade sb to do sth        说服某人做某事
  persuade sb. into doing sth.    说服某人做某事
  persuade sb. out of doing sth.   说服某人不做某事
  persuade sb. of sth.         使某人信服
  persuade sb. that…         使某人信服
  ⑴You try and persuade her to come out with us.
  你去劝劝她和我们一起出去吧。
  ⑵How can we persuade him into joining us
  怎么才能说服他参加我们的活动呢?
  ⑶He persuaded his daughter to change her mind.
  他说服了他的女儿改变了主意。
  ⑷How can I persuade you that I am sincere
  怎样才能使你相信我是真心实意的?
  ⑸We are persuaded of the justice of her case.
  我们确信她对案件的审理是公正的。
  ⑹They persuaded us out of going to the party.
  他们劝说我们不去参加聚会。
  ⑺His wife finally persuaded him out of smoking.
  他妻子最终说服了他不再吸烟了。
  *
  persuasion   n.    劝说,说服
  persuasive   adj.   有说服力的,善于游说的
  * 对比:
  advise sb. to do sth. =try to persuade sb. to do sh.
  建议/劝说某人做某事(不一定说服)。
  ⑴I advised him to apologize to his friend, but failed.
  我劝他向他的朋友道歉,但他不听我的。
  ⑵I tried to persuade him to go there alone, but he wouldn’t listen.
  我尽力劝说他一人去那里,但他不听我的。
  高考题链接:
  The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (2004上海高考)
  A. persuade   B. will persuade   C. be persuaded   D. are persuaded
  分析:根据句意,应是说服人们多吃水果及蔬菜,所以people 和persuade应是被动关系。
  答案:D
  5.lack  
  * v. 缺乏
  短语搭配:
  lack…        缺少
  be lacking in…    缺乏
  lack for…      需要
  ⑴He is not lacking in wisdom.
  他并不缺乏聪明才智。
  ⑵I am lacking in courage.
  我缺乏勇气。
  ⑶They lacked for nothing.
  他们无所需求(应有尽有)。
  ⑷They lacked the money to send him to university.
  他们没钱送他上大学。
  *   n. 缺乏,短缺
  短语搭配:
  for lack of…因缺乏…
  ⑴The meeting ended because of lack of order.
  因为秩序混乱,会议终止了。
  ⑵The project had to be abandoned for lack of funds.
  工程因资金匮乏而只得放弃。
  高考链接:
  Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.(2002上海高考)
  A. lacked   B. lacking of   C. lacking   D. lacked in
  解析:lack是及物动词,后面带有宾语“钱”,又因“父母”与“缺乏”之间存在主谓关系,所以要用表示主动含义的lacking作状语。若选B,则要把of 改为in。
  答案:C
  6.stay
  系动词 “保持,维持某状态”,后面可接形容词或名词
  ⑴They stayed friends for years.
  他们的友谊维持了多年。
  ⑵The shop stays open until ten at night.
  这家商店一直营业到晚十点。
  ⑶I stayed awake because of missing home last night.
  我昨晚想家没睡着觉。
  *常见stay搭配:
  stay in        呆在家里
  stay for sth      留在某人家(吃饭)
  stay away from    与…保持距离,远离…
  stay out        不回家,呆在户外
  stay up         熬夜,不睡觉
  ⑴The doctor advised me to stay in for a few days.
  医生建议我在家休息几天。
  ⑵Won’t you stay for supper
  你吃了饭再走好吗?
  ⑶I don’t like you staying out so late.
  我不喜欢你在外面呆到这么晚。
  ⑷Tell him to stay away from my sister.
  叫他离我妹妹远一点。
  ⑸She promised the children they could stay up for their favorite TV programme.
  她答应孩子们可以晚点睡,看他们最喜欢的电视节目。
  高考链接:
  Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will ______ fresh for several days.(NMET2003)
  A.     be stayed   B. stay   C. be staying   D. have stayed
  分析:stay 系动词,意为“保持某种状态”,此时不能用于进行时态。题意为:肉放在冰箱里可以保鲜好几天。
  答案:B
  7.含有fire的短语搭配:
  catch fire          着火,起火(强调动作)
  be on fire          着火(强调状态)
  control the fire       控制火势
  put out a fire       扑灭大火
  be killed in a fire     在火中丧生
  watch a fire         观看大火
  make a fire          生火
  be trapped by a fire    被大火围困
  escape from a fire      从火中逃生
  play
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