情态动词讲解及练习
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情态动词
一.情态动词的语法特征 1. 情态动词不能单独作谓语，须和行为动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。
2. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有现在时或过去时两种形式，其过去时也不一定表示过去，往往表示婉转的或不确定的语气。 3. 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
4. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。
二.情态动词的基本用法
can /could 1)表示能力，could主要指过去时间k
① Two eyes can see more than one. ② Could the girl read before she went to school
2) 表惊异、怀疑等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
1 Where can (could) they have gone to ②How can you be so careless
3) 表示征求别人许可，相当于may
①Can/Could I have a look at your new pen ②He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
注意：could也可表示请求，表委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can。
4) 表示推测，“也许，可能”，can’t 表示“不可能”，绝对否定。
1 Even a wise man can sometimes make mistakes. ②There is no light in the room. Can she have gone to bed
③It can’t be true. ④She can’t have gone to school---it’s Sunday.
5) could/ couldn’t have done ◆本能够做而没能做//本不能够做而做了◆可能发生某事，实际上没有发生
1 I could have come earlier, but my car broke down half-way. ◆You could have broken your leg.
②Somebody must have opened the cage—the lion couldn’t have escaped on its own.◆用作猜测, 可能做了某事
③Don’t worry—they could have just forgotten to phone. ◆She could have gone off with some friends.
6)cannot too…to…；can never too…to再…也不为过; 越…越好
cannot…enough再…也不够 cannot do…but do… ; cannot…but do只能做
①One cannot be too careful. ②You cannot work too hard. ③I cannot thank you enough.
may (might) 1)表允许，might语气更委婉。
①You may take whatever you like.②May /Might I ask for a photo of your baby
( (在回答以may引起的问句时，用Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t. / You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得不客气否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t)I
③ ---May we leave now ---No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your homework yet.
2) 表可能性（事实上）。might不表示过去，而是表示不确定性。 may not 可能不
1 He may/might be at home. ②She may/might not know about it. ③She may be staying at home.
3)表祝愿 ①May your friendship last forever. ②May you have a happy new year.
4)may/might as well + do “最好，倒不如 ”
①You may as well stay here over the night.②This holiday isn’t much fun. We might as well be back home.
5) may / might (not) have done ◆本能够做而没能做//本不能够做而做了
◆表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性稍大些。
I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
must 没有过去式，表示现在或将来 1)表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。①We must do everything step by step.
②--Must we hand in our exercise books now --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.不必
2）表示推测。只用于肯定句，“想必、准是、一定”，否定推测用can’t。
①She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. ②It must be raining outside.
③It must have rained last night, for the ground is quite wet. ④That can’t be the postman---it’s only seven o’clock.
3）表“硬要，偏要” ①My son must do the opposite to what we ordered.
②Why must you always leave your dirty clothes in the bathroom.
shall q
1) 表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。①Shall I get you some tea ②Shall the boy wait outside
2)表“命令、允诺、警告、决心、按规章制度、预言”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
① You shall do as I say.(命令) ② You shall have my answer tomorrow.（允诺）③ He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告）e④Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.（决心）L⑤Each competitor shall wear a number.(规章)⑥All shall die.（预言）
shouldZ1) 表义务，责任。意为“应该”。①You should be polite to the old. ②You shouldn’t waste any time.
2) 表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。j2mA
① The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.② They should be home by now.
3)表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等,“竟然, 怎么会”
①I wonder that a person like him should make such a mistake. ②Why should you be so late today
4) should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气
①I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
②You are mistaken, I should say.依我看,你是搞错了 ③I should advise you not to do that.我倒是劝你别这样做。
5) should have done // shouldn’t have done本应该做而没有做//本不应该做而做了
①You should have done it today, for it is urgent ②I was really anxious about you. You shouldn't have gone home without a word. ◆竟然做过了某事 You should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
ought to iSPU91)表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。
①You are his father. You ought to take care of him.②You oughtn’t to smoke so much.
2) 表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 ①Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.
②There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
3) ought (not) to have done表示“责备”、“不满”，表示“本(不)应该…”
You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 1
will 1) 表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
①I will do anything for you. ②They will go their own way no matter what happens.
2) 表征求意见，用于第二人称疑问句。① Will you close the window ②Won’t you drink some more coffee
3) 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。① Fish will die out of water. ② The door won’t open.
4）表示推测，用于第三人称 This will be the watch you have lost.
would3 1)表过去的意愿。（would like 指现在）They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。] Would you mind cleaning the window
3)表过去的习惯。\"]:①Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
②When I was a child, I would get up early and go fishing on Sundays.
need和dare
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1) need用作情态动词。
①You need’t telephone him now. ②Need he take some money with him ③I don’t think you need worry.
2)need 用作实义动词。M
①You don’t need to telephone him now. ②We need to see him off. ③The table needs painting (to be painted.).
3)needn’t have done “本没必要做而做了…” You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.
1) dare用作情态动词。(过去式dared)
①Dare he tell them what he knows ②She dare not tell the boss because she doesn’t want to make trouble.
2)dare用作实义动词, to有时可省略 ①He did not dare (to) look up. ②She doesn’t dare (to) go and ask him, does she （固定习语）①I dare say he’ll come again. ②How dare you say I’m unfair
情态动词专练
1. You ___ me if I am wrong. A. must obey B. don’t have to obey C. wouldn’t have obeyed D. can’t have obeyed
2. — May I hand in the composition tomorrow — No, you ____, because I have to go through all of your compositions this evening. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t
3. If you won’t do as I tell you, you __ go to the dance. A. won’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
4. — I saw Annie in the supermarket yesterday. — You ____ her; She is still studying abroad.
A. mustn’t see B. can’t have seen C. mustn’t have seen D. couldn’t see
5. — My little daughter is coughing worse than ever. — She ____ to the hospital yesterday.
A. had to be taken B. should have taken C. must have been taken D. ought to have been taken
6.—I don’t know why he is late. —Nor do I. He ____ an accident.
A. could have had B. should have had C. might have had D. must have had
7. — Where is Jack I can’t find him anywhere. — He ____ his homework upstairs.
A. might have done B. must have done C. must be doing D. must do
8. The suggestion the English teacher gave is that the boy ____ more speaking.
A. must do B. should do C. would do D. does
9. It was possible that I ___ go to America at that time. A. may B. shall C. might D. should
10.She ____ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.
A. dares not go B. dares not to go C. dare not to go D. doesn’t dare to go
11. — Did you listen to the report — No. We ____ the meeting, but we had a lot of traffic on our way there.
A. must have attended B. shouldn’t have attended C. could attended D. could have attended
12.I’ve decided to take it and I_____ change my mind. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. may not
13.We tried to stop him from going there, but he just ___ listen. A. won’t B.wouldn’t C.might not D.may not
14. — ____ it be Li Ping who broke the glass — No. It ____ be Wu Dong who did it. He is always very naughty.
A. Could; may B.Can; can C.May; must D.Can; must
15. There was plenty of time; she ____.
A. must have hurried B. may have hurried C. needn’t have hurried D. would have hurried
16. — With the help of my father, I finished my homework. — Oh, Jim. You ____ it yourself.
A. must have done B. need have done C. can do D. should have done
17. — Are you going to see the film with us — I’m not sure. I ____ go to Johnson’s party instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
18. — Why didn’t you come to see me — I ____, but I was too busy yesterday.
A. like to B. should love to C. would like to have D. am going to
19.Tom, you _ play with the knife; you _ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’ t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; should
20. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
21.--Alice ,you feed the bird today.___ --But I fed it yesterday.
A. did you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
22.--You must phone us when you get there.-- Yes, I__. A. must B have to C will D. should
23.--Could I borrow your bike --Yes ,of course you __. A. could B. should C. can D. will
24.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out.
A. had to B would C. could D was able to
25.When he was there, he ______go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A.would B. should C. had better D.might
26.Let’s clean our classroom, _______ A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
27.---I wonder if I ___smoke here. ----No, you ___. Could you see the sign “No SMOKING” there
A. can, needn’t B. shall, won’t C. must ,can’t D. may , mustn’t
28. Everyone is here. we start the meeting A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall
29. —Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. —No, I＿＿.
A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t
30. They must have been here the day before yesterday, ＿＿＿
A. mustn’t they B. weren’t they C. mustn’t have they D. had they
31. —Must I take a bus —No, you＿＿. You can walk from here.
A. must not B. don’t C. don’t have to D. had better not to
32.Since she is angry, we ________ .
A. had better to leave her alone B. should leave her alone C. might as well leave her alone D. must leave her alone
33.Why ________ you always interrupt me A. can B. will C. may D. must
34.Professor Li, many students want to see you. ___ they wait here or outside A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
35.Your radio ________ .A. needs to repair B. need be repaired C. needs repairing D. need repairing 36.Your coat needs to be washed, ________ it A. mustn't B. needn't C. doesn't D. can't 37. The line was busy, someone ______ the telephone.
A. may have used B. may be using. C. must have been using D. must be using
38.___ you be happy! A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would
39.Jenny______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would
40. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ___ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
41.Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn't to B. can't C. won't D. needn't
42. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
43. It has been announced that candidates_____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A can B will C may D shall
44. — Who is the girl standing over there — Well , if you ____know , her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
45. I ______pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A. should B. might C. would D. could
46. If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
47.I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ___ at lease 150 km an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
48.Tom, you___leave all your clothes on the floor like this ! A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
49. There's no light on —— they______ be at home. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
50. No matter how good the finished product is, if it's not correctly priced it __.
A. won't sell B. isn't sold C. won't be sold D. can't sell
51.The professor gave orders that the experiment _____before 5:30 P.m.
A be finished B will finish C must be finished D would be finished
52.There was plenty of time .You___.
A mustn`t hurry B mustn`t have hurried C needn`t hurry D needn`t have hurried
53.I____a little earlier,but I meet a friend of mine on the way.
A may come B may have come C could have come D must have come
54.He must have finished his homework ,______he A mustn`t B didn`t C needn`t D hasn`t
55.He didn`t do well in the exam .He _____hard at his lessons.
A must have worked B ought to have worked C would have worked D has worked
56.You ____the trees .Look ,it is raining now .
A mustn`t have watered B needn`t have watered C could have watered D might have watered
57.The streets are all dry .It ____during the night.
A can`t have rained B must have rained C couldn`t rain D shouldn`t have rained
58._____you be happy! A May B Can C Must D Would
59.You _____miss the lesson ,though we ____have it on Thursday.
A mustn`t ……needn`t B needn’t ……mustn`t C mustn`t……mustn`t D needn`t……needn`t
60.In case I____ ,I would try again. A will fail B would miss C should fail D shall miss
61.We_____the work so early without your help.
A couldn`t finish B can`t finish C couldn`t have finished D can`t have finished
62. “ Would you come and join them ” “ I wish I____.But I`am busy at this moment.
A can`t B couldn`t C could D can
63.If Alice _____this afternoon ,the meeting should be put off.
A would not come B might not come C should not come D could not come
64.With so much work on hand ,you_____to see the game last night.
A mustn`t go B shouldn`t go C couldn`t have gone D shouldn`t have gone
615.She is already two hours late .What _____to her
A can have happened B may have happened C should have happened D must happen
66.I got up early this morning,but I ____so because I had no work to do .
A mustn`t have done B didn`t need to do C needn`t have done D can`t have done
67.Without the leadership of the party,there _____no New China.
A would be B has been C was D should be
68.Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party.They say that it ____better organized.
A had been B had to be C must have been D could have been
69.I was really anxious about you .You____home without a word.
A mustn`t leave B shouldn`t have left C couldn`t have left D needn`t leave
70.She ____the film.She knows nothing about it.
A can`t see B can`t have seen C must see D mustn`t have seen
71.--I didn`t see her yesterday . ---Oh,but you_____.
A must have B ought to C should have D cannot have
72.What would have happened _____,as for as the river bank
A if Bob has walked farther B if Bob should walk farther C had Bob walked farther D if Bob walked farther
73.You didn`t let the drive .If we ____in turn ,you_____so tired.
A drove;didn`t get B drove ;wouldn`t get C were driving;wouldn`t get D had driven ;wouldn`t have got
74.Oh,Janne,you`ve broken another glass.You ought_____when you washed it.
A be careful B to care C have cared D to have been careful
75.He_____rather stay at home then go to the cinema with you.
A should B might C would D had better
76.It`s high time we_______to the teacher. A will B shall C are going to D went
77.It`s strange that they______nothing about this matter.
A know B would know C knows D knew
78.I wish you_____go with me tomorrow. A will B would C shall D can
79.----I can`t get through to the general manager`s office anyhow. ----The line is busy .someone ______the telephone.
A must use B uses C must have been using D must be using
80.He suggests we _____to the cinema at once ,otherwise we will be late.
A must go B go C will go D would go
81.when a pencil is partly in a glass of water ,it looks as if_______.
A breaks B has broken C were broken D has been broken
82.The general ordered that the thief ___ .
A be punished B would punish C would be punished D should punish
83.If only I ___how to operate a computer as you do!
A had known B would know C should know D knew
84.It is surprising that he ______at the meeting. A was B be C is D were
85.If I_____you, I_____more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A was;shall play B am;will play C would be;would play D were;would play
86.He had an expression of resentment(不高兴),as if Martin ____a fool of him.
A had made B makes C made D would make
87.______the fog,we should have reached our school.
A Because of B In spite of C In case of D But for
88.There was a half smile on his face which suggested that he _____ happy to have given his life for his country.
A was B should be C would be D were
89.We all agreed to her suggestion that we _____to the Great Wall for sightseeing.
A will go B go C shall go D should have gone
90.The young man insisted that he ______nothing wrong and ____free.
A did;set B had done;should be set C do;be set D had done;must be set
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
一.情态动词的语法特征 1. 情态动词不能单独作谓语，须和行为动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。
2. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有现在时或过去时两种形式，其过去时也不一定表示过去，往往表示婉转的或不确定的语气。 3. 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
4. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。
二.情态动词的基本用法
can /could 1)表示能力，could主要指过去时间k
① Two eyes can see more than one. ② Could the girl read before she went to school
2) 表惊异、怀疑等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
1 Where can (could) they have gone to ②How can you be so careless
3) 表示征求别人许可，相当于may
①Can/Could I have a look at your new pen ②He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
注意：could也可表示请求，表委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can。
4) 表示推测，“也许，可能”，can’t 表示“不可能”，绝对否定。
1 Even a wise man can sometimes make mistakes. ②There is no light in the room. Can she have gone to bed
③It can’t be true. ④She can’t have gone to school---it’s Sunday.
5) could/ couldn’t have done ◆本能够做而没能做//本不能够做而做了◆可能发生某事，实际上没有发生
1 I could have come earlier, but my car broke down half-way. ◆You could have broken your leg.
②Somebody must have opened the cage—the lion couldn’t have escaped on its own.◆用作猜测, 可能做了某事
③Don’t worry—they could have just forgotten to phone. ◆She could have gone off with some friends.
6)cannot too…to…；can never too…to再…也不为过; 越…越好
cannot…enough再…也不够 cannot do…but do… ; cannot…but do只能做
①One cannot be too careful. ②You cannot work too hard. ③I cannot thank you enough.
may (might) 1)表允许，might语气更委婉。
①You may take whatever you like.②May /Might I ask for a photo of your baby
( (在回答以may引起的问句时，用Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t. / You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得不客气否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t)I
③ ---May we leave now ---No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your homework yet.
2) 表可能性（事实上）。might不表示过去，而是表示不确定性。 may not 可能不
1 He may/might be at home. ②She may/might not know about it. ③She may be staying at home.
3)表祝愿 ①May your friendship last forever. ②May you have a happy new year.
4)may/might as well + do “最好，倒不如 ”
①You may as well stay here over the night.②This holiday isn’t much fun. We might as well be back home.
5) may / might (not) have done ◆本能够做而没能做//本不能够做而做了
◆表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性稍大些。
I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
must 没有过去式，表示现在或将来 1)表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。①We must do everything step by step.
②--Must we hand in our exercise books now --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.不必
2）表示推测。只用于肯定句，“想必、准是、一定”，否定推测用can’t。
①She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. ②It must be raining outside.
③It must have rained last night, for the ground is quite wet. ④That can’t be the postman---it’s only seven o’clock.
3）表“硬要，偏要” ①My son must do the opposite to what we ordered.
②Why must you always leave your dirty clothes in the bathroom.
shall q
1) 表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。①Shall I get you some tea ②Shall the boy wait outside
2)表“命令、允诺、警告、决心、按规章制度、预言”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
① You shall do as I say.(命令) ② You shall have my answer tomorrow.（允诺）③ He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告）e④Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.（决心）L⑤Each competitor shall wear a number.(规章)⑥All shall die.（预言）
shouldZ1) 表义务，责任。意为“应该”。①You should be polite to the old. ②You shouldn’t waste any time.
2) 表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。j2mA
① The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.② They should be home by now.
3)表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等,“竟然, 怎么会”
①I wonder that a person like him should make such a mistake. ②Why should you be so late today
4) should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气
①I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
②You are mistaken, I should say.依我看,你是搞错了 ③I should advise you not to do that.我倒是劝你别这样做。
5) should have done // shouldn’t have done本应该做而没有做//本不应该做而做了
①You should have done it today, for it is urgent ②I was really anxious about you. You shouldn't have gone home without a word. ◆竟然做过了某事 You should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
ought to iSPU91)表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。
①You are his father. You ought to take care of him.②You oughtn’t to smoke so much.
2) 表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 ①Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.
②There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
3) ought (not) to have done表示“责备”、“不满”，表示“本(不)应该…”
You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 1
will 1) 表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
①I will do anything for you. ②They will go their own way no matter what happens.
2) 表征求意见，用于第二人称疑问句。① Will you close the window ②Won’t you drink some more coffee
3) 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。① Fish will die out of water. ② The door won’t open.
4）表示推测，用于第三人称 This will be the watch you have lost.
would3 1)表过去的意愿。（would like 指现在）They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。] Would you mind cleaning the window
3)表过去的习惯。\"]:①Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
②When I was a child, I would get up early and go fishing on Sundays.
need和dare
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1) need用作情态动词。
①You need’t telephone him now. ②Need he take some money with him ③I don’t think you need worry.
2)need 用作实义动词。M
①You don’t need to telephone him now. ②We need to see him off. ③The table needs painting (to be painted.).
3)needn’t have done “本没必要做而做了…” You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.
1) dare用作情态动词。(过去式dared)
①Dare he tell them what he knows ②She dare not tell the boss because she doesn’t want to make trouble.
2)dare用作实义动词, to有时可省略 ①He did not dare (to) look up. ②She doesn’t dare (to) go and ask him, does she （固定习语）①I dare say he’ll come again. ②How dare you say I’m unfair
情态动词专练
1. You ___ me if I am wrong. A. must obey B. don’t have to obey C. wouldn’t have obeyed D. can’t have obeyed
2. — May I hand in the composition tomorrow — No, you ____, because I have to go through all of your compositions this evening. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t
3. If you won’t do as I tell you, you __ go to the dance. A. won’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
4. — I saw Annie in the supermarket yesterday. — You ____ her; She is still studying abroad.
A. mustn’t see B. can’t have seen C. mustn’t have seen D. couldn’t see
5. — My little daughter is coughing worse than ever. — She ____ to the hospital yesterday.
A. had to be taken B. should have taken C. must have been taken D. ought to have been taken
6.—I don’t know why he is late. —Nor do I. He ____ an accident.
A. could have had B. should have had C. might have had D. must have had
7. — Where is Jack I can’t find him anywhere. — He ____ his homework upstairs.
A. might have done B. must have done C. must be doing D. must do
8. The suggestion the English teacher gave is that the boy ____ more speaking.
A. must do B. should do C. would do D. does
9. It was possible that I ___ go to America at that time. A. may B. shall C. might D. should
10.She ____ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.
A. dares not go B. dares not to go C. dare not to go D. doesn’t dare to go
11. — Did you listen to the report — No. We ____ the meeting, but we had a lot of traffic on our way there.
A. must have attended B. shouldn’t have attended C. could attended D. could have attended
12.I’ve decided to take it and I_____ change my mind. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. may not
13.We tried to stop him from going there, but he just ___ listen. A. won’t B.wouldn’t C.might not D.may not
14. — ____ it be Li Ping who broke the glass — No. It ____ be Wu Dong who did it. He is always very naughty.
A. Could; may B.Can; can C.May; must D.Can; must
15. There was plenty of time; she ____.
A. must have hurried B. may have hurried C. needn’t have hurried D. would have hurried
16. — With the help of my father, I finished my homework. — Oh, Jim. You ____ it yourself.
A. must have done B. need have done C. can do D. should have done
17. — Are you going to see the film with us — I’m not sure. I ____ go to Johnson’s party instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
18. — Why didn’t you come to see me — I ____, but I was too busy yesterday.
A. like to B. should love to C. would like to have D. am going to
19.Tom, you _ play with the knife; you _ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’ t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; should
20. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
21.--Alice ,you feed the bird today.___ --But I fed it yesterday.
A. did you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
22.--You must phone us when you get there.-- Yes, I__. A. must B have to C will D. should
23.--Could I borrow your bike --Yes ,of course you __. A. could B. should C. can D. will
24.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out.
A. had to B would C. could D was able to
25.When he was there, he ______go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A.would B. should C. had better D.might
26.Let’s clean our classroom, _______ A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
27.---I wonder if I ___smoke here. ----No, you ___. Could you see the sign “No SMOKING” there
A. can, needn’t B. shall, won’t C. must ,can’t D. may , mustn’t
28. Everyone is here. we start the meeting A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall
29. —Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. —No, I＿＿.
A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t
30. They must have been here the day before yesterday, ＿＿＿
A. mustn’t they B. weren’t they C. mustn’t have they D. had they
31. —Must I take a bus —No, you＿＿. You can walk from here.
A. must not B. don’t C. don’t have to D. had better not to
32.Since she is angry, we ________ .
A. had better to leave her alone B. should leave her alone C. might as well leave her alone D. must leave her alone
33.Why ________ you always interrupt me A. can B. will C. may D. must
34.Professor Li, many students want to see you. ___ they wait here or outside A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
35.Your radio ________ .A. needs to repair B. need be repaired C. needs repairing D. need repairing 36.Your coat needs to be washed, ________ it A. mustn't B. needn't C. doesn't D. can't 37. The line was busy, someone ______ the telephone.
A. may have used B. may be using. C. must have been using D. must be using
38.___ you be happy! A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would
39.Jenny______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would
40. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ___ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
41.Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn't to B. can't C. won't D. needn't
42. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
43. It has been announced that candidates_____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A can B will C may D shall
44. — Who is the girl standing over there — Well , if you ____know , her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
45. I ______pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A. should B. might C. would D. could
46. If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
47.I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ___ at lease 150 km an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
48.Tom, you___leave all your clothes on the floor like this ! A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
49. There's no light on —— they______ be at home. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
50. No matter how good the finished product is, if it's not correctly priced it __.
A. won't sell B. isn't sold C. won't be sold D. can't sell
51.The professor gave orders that the experiment _____before 5:30 P.m.
A be finished B will finish C must be finished D would be finished
52.There was plenty of time .You___.
A mustn`t hurry B mustn`t have hurried C needn`t hurry D needn`t have hurried
53.I____a little earlier,but I meet a friend of mine on the way.
A may come B may have come C could have come D must have come
54.He must have finished his homework ,______he A mustn`t B didn`t C needn`t D hasn`t
55.He didn`t do well in the exam .He _____hard at his lessons.
A must have worked B ought to have worked C would have worked D has worked
56.You ____the trees .Look ,it is raining now .
A mustn`t have watered B needn`t have watered C could have watered D might have watered
57.The streets are all dry .It ____during the night.
A can`t have rained B must have rained C couldn`t rain D shouldn`t have rained
58._____you be happy! A May B Can C Must D Would
59.You _____miss the lesson ,though we ____have it on Thursday.
A mustn`t ……needn`t B needn’t ……mustn`t C mustn`t……mustn`t D needn`t……needn`t
60.In case I____ ,I would try again. A will fail B would miss C should fail D shall miss
61.We_____the work so early without your help.
A couldn`t finish B can`t finish C couldn`t have finished D can`t have finished
62. “ Would you come and join them ” “ I wish I____.But I`am busy at this moment.
A can`t B couldn`t C could D can
63.If Alice _____this afternoon ,the meeting should be put off.
A would not come B might not come C should not come D could not come
64.With so much work on hand ,you_____to see the game last night.
A mustn`t go B shouldn`t go C couldn`t have gone D shouldn`t have gone
615.She is already two hours late .What _____to her
A can have happened B may have happened C should have happened D must happen
66.I got up early this morning,but I ____so because I had no work to do .
A mustn`t have done B didn`t need to do C needn`t have done D can`t have done
67.Without the leadership of the party,there _____no New China.
A would be B has been C was D should be
68.Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party.They say that it ____better organized.
A had been B had to be C must have been D could have been
69.I was really anxious about you .You____home without a word.
A mustn`t leave B shouldn`t have left C couldn`t have left D needn`t leave
70.She ____the film.She knows nothing about it.
A can`t see B can`t have seen C must see D mustn`t have seen
71.--I didn`t see her yesterday . ---Oh,but you_____.
A must have B ought to C should have D cannot have
72.What would have happened _____,as for as the river bank
A if Bob has walked farther B if Bob should walk farther C had Bob walked farther D if Bob walked farther
73.You didn`t let the drive .If we ____in turn ,you_____so tired.
A drove;didn`t get B drove ;wouldn`t get C were driving;wouldn`t get D had driven ;wouldn`t have got
74.Oh,Janne,you`ve broken another glass.You ought_____when you washed it.
A be careful B to care C have cared D to have been careful
75.He_____rather stay at home then go to the cinema with you.
A should B might C would D had better
76.It`s high time we_______to the teacher. A will B shall C are going to D went
77.It`s strange that they______nothing about this matter.
A know B would know C knows D knew
78.I wish you_____go with me tomorrow. A will B would C shall D can
79.----I can`t get through to the general manager`s office anyhow. ----The line is busy .someone ______the telephone.
A must use B uses C must have been using D must be using
80.He suggests we _____to the cinema at once ,otherwise we will be late.
A must go B go C will go D would go
81.when a pencil is partly in a glass of water ,it looks as if_______.
A breaks B has broken C were broken D has been broken
82.The general ordered that the thief ___ .
A be punished B would punish C would be punished D should punish
83.If only I ___how to operate a computer as you do!
A had known B would know C should know D knew
84.It is surprising that he ______at the meeting. A was B be C is D were
85.If I_____you, I_____more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A was;shall play B am;will play C would be;would play D were;would play
86.He had an expression of resentment(不高兴),as if Martin ____a fool of him.
A had made B makes C made D would make
87.______the fog,we should have reached our school.
A Because of B In spite of C In case of D But for
88.There was a half smile on his face which suggested that he _____ happy to have given his life for his country.
A was B should be C would be D were
89.We all agreed to her suggestion that we _____to the Great Wall for sightseeing.
A will go B go C shall go D should have gone
90.The young man insisted that he ______nothing wrong and ____free.
A did;set B had done;should be set C do;be set D had done;must be set
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB
1-5 BABBD 6-10CCBDD 11-15DCBDC 16-20DDCBC 21-25BCCDA 26-30CDDCB
31-35 CCDCC 36-40 CCABC 41-45AADCA 46-50 CBBAA 51-55ADCDB 56-60BAAAC 61-65CCCDA 66-70CADBB 71-75CADDC 76-80BABDB 81-85CADBD 86-90ADADB