省略 教学案(江苏省盐城市东台市)
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Module 8 Unit 2 Grammar 省略 教学案
在英语中，有时为了言简意赅，突出关键词语；有时为了避免重复；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略的原则既不破坏语法结构， 同时又不能产生歧义(要保持句子意义的准确无误)。英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：
1． 不使用替代词的省略
（1） 省略主语 I have done more than (what ) is required. (You) Open the door for me, please.
（1） 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 Why (do) not (you) say goodbye to your lovely cousin
(Are you ) Ready Try to answer these questions in your own words.
（1） 省略宾语 ---Which of them is better ---Well, it is hard to tell (which of them is better).
（1） 省略表语 ---Are you hungry ---Yes, I am (hungry).
（1） 省略所有格后面的名词
Jack and his sister stayed in his uncle’s(home) during the summer vacation.
The girl’s handwriting is much better than his brother’s (handwriting).
（1） 在限定性定语从句中
作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；在含被动语态的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。如：
The book (that) he bought last week is written by Guo Jingming.
Here is the wonderful book (which )I have read many times.
The man (whom) you had said hello to was my English teacher.
（1） 不定式中的省略
a 英语中为避免重复，经常省略上下文已提到的动词原形，只保留不定式中的小品词to；这类动词有：expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,would like和love等。如：
She asked me to dance with her,but I didn’t want to (dance with her).
---Do you want to give us a lecture about how to use an English dictionary
---No, I prefer not to (give a lecture about how to use an English dictionary)
b 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词。如：
I really didn’t want to go there with him,but I had to (go there with him).
c不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。如：
---Will you join in our discussion
---I’ll be glad to (join in your discussion).
d 如果不定式中带有be, have, have been等，通常保留be, have, have been。如：
---Did he pass the driving test ---No,but he ought to have (passed the driving test).
f介词but后的不定式和作表语的不定式，它们前面出现了行为动词do的任何形式；在 and或or并列的第二个不定式中不能带to。
In very cold weather, the hibernating（冬眠） animals had no choice but to lie down to sleep.
He could do nothing but wait.
2．使用替代词的省略
（1） 通常情况下，在省略了某个词、短语或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。常用的替代词有：do /does /did, so, not, neither, nor和the same等。用助动词do /does /did来替代上下文出现的动词，以免重复。如：She speaks English more fluently than her elder sister does.
（2） 用so可替代单词、短语或句子(用于肯定) not用于否定，宾语从句可以省略，作believe, be afraid, expect, do, fear, hope, suppose, say, think 等的宾语。如：
---Will it be fine tomorrow ---I hope so. (I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.)
3. 常见的省略结构
（１）在虚拟条件句中，当助动词为were, had, should等时，连词if可省略，但were, had和should等需要倒装到主语的前面。如：
Had I had time,I would have gone shopping with you.
Were I you, I would go there and help him.
Should the teacher have time next week,he would come to the party.
（２）如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be动词+其它结构”, 则可以将状语从句中的“主语+be动词” 一起省略,引导这类主语从句的连词有：由when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，等。
如：If invited, I will go to his party. (If invited=If I am invited.)
Though young, he knows a lot of things. (Though young=Though he is young)
The old woman was knocked down while (she was)crossing the street.
The little girl began to cry when (she was) asked by the police.
有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可以一起省略。这种结构通常为if it is possible, when it is necessary等。:如：
When possible, Mr. Li will ask us some questions in English. (When possible=When it is possible)
Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible.
We’ll have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary.
（３）在作状语的独立主格结构中，分词短语往往可以部分被省略。如：
The work (having been)done,the secretary left the office and went home.
The weather (being)fine,we decided to go on a picnic on the beach.
（4 ） 由and连接的that引导的两个从句，第二个that不能省略。如：
The teacher told me (that) I had passed the driving test and that I could have a rest the next day.
【考考你】 一、 单项填空
1．--Do you think it will snow tomorrow -- _______.
A.I don’t think B.No,I don’t think C.I don’t think so D.No,I don’t
2. –Will you go home tomorrow evening --No. I am going to a lecture,or at least,I am planning _____.
A.it B.on C.so D.to
3.Edward became a good football player _____ in college.
A.when B.because C.as soon as D.even though
4.____ green ,the door might look more beautiful.
A.You painted B.If painted C.To paint D.Have it painted
5.What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which
6.---You should have given them some advice. -- _______.But who care what I offered
A.So it was B.So I should C.So I did D.So should you
7.—I would never come to this restaurant again.The food here is terrible! -- _____.
A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I
8.—Would you like to have some cakes --thank you._________.
A.I’d like to B.I’d like to have C.I’m full D.I’d better to home
9.The teacher told us to remain silent unless ________.
A.to be asked B.being asked C.asked D.you asked
10.—(asking a patient) ________ --Much better.
A. Are you feeling better today B. Better today
C. How are you feeling today D. Above all
11.—You should have thanked her before you left .
--I meant _____,but I couldn’t find here anywhere when I was leaving.
A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing so
12._________it snow tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will
13.I ______and will never ask suvh a silly question.
A.have never B.never C.have asked D.have never asked
14.-Did Jane pick up some Russian when she was on business abroad --I imagine _____.
A.that B.she was C.so D.it
15.She opened her mouth as if _____something important.
A.saying B.to say C.having said D.to have said
16.—She must look like a very pretty girl.--Yes,I imagine _____.
A.to B.that C.it D.so
17.---Everyone says you are a good employee.You never make a mistake,do you
---_______ .
A.Yes,never B.Yes,sometimes C.No,sometimes D.Oh,really
18.One of the sides of the paper should be painted yellow ,and ______.
A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white
19.--Who has been planning the summer camp --Everyone in the class ________.
A.is B.have C.has D.are
20.—She’s not an English teacher,is she -- _________________.
A.Yes,and she isn’t B.Yes,but she was C.No,but she isn’t D.No,but she was
21.If the weather is fine,I’ll wash my clothes.If _____,______.
A.not;not B.no;no C.not;no D.no;not
22.John plays football ______,if not better than,David.
A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as
23.—Mary is not coming tonight. --But she ______.
A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised
24.—Have you found the dog --_________.
A.I am B. I’m C. I’m just going to D.I’m just going
25.The twins are different in appearance but _____in characteristics.
A. not B. no C. aren’t D. don’t.
26. When ____, the building will be used as a school for children from poor families.
A. completed B. completing C. to be completed D. is completing
27. In our class Mary’s English is better than ______.
A. anybody else B. anybody’s English C. anybody else’ D. anybody else’s
28. --Does your brother intends to learn to sing this song --Yes, he intends ______.
A. so B. to C. that D. it
29. We must keep the factory ______ poisonous gases into air.
A. sending B. to send C. from sending D. send
30.--Susan, go on. Your sister is cleaning the yard. --Why ____ John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him B. he C. I D. me
2、 将下列句子改写为省略句
1． You come this way, please.
1． I beg your pardon .
1． She works harder at English than I work.
1． Is there anybody you want to see
1． Why don’t you go picnic with us in the mountain
1． You may go with us if you want to go.
1． Mary likes reading better than she likes going fishing.
1． What a pity it is you can’t come with us !
1． I will go to the party unless I am invited.
10. Unless it is necessary,you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
11. Get up early tomorrow.If you don’t get up early,you will miss the first bus.
12. --I didn’t go to see our former teacher while I was in Shanghai.
--But I think you should have gone to see him.
四.单句改错
1. Why not asking me about it
1. How about go to Shenzhen for our holidays
1. Though tiring,he kept on working.
1. When first introducing to the market,these products enjoyed great success.
1. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.
1. If giving the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.
1. –You should have seen her off at the airport yesterday.
--I meant to do,but I had to attend an important conference.
8. --Did you enjoy the performance last night --Yes, I do enjoy it.
9．I asked him to see the film,but he didn’t want to see.
10. –Did he tell you that the meeting was put off --No, but he ought to.
11. After killed,he was thrown away into the river.
12. I don’t know whether he has passed the exam. If is so, I’ll be very glad.
答案: 一. 1----5CDABA 6----10CBCCD 11---15BBDCB 16---20DBCCD 21---25ABBCA 26—30 ADBCD 解析：26. 如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be动词+其它结构”，状语从句中的“主语+be动词”可省略。
27. anybody else’s等于anybody else’s English, 避免重复。 28.省略和前文相同的动词短语。
29. keep sb doing 和 keep sb from doing是完全不同的结构，不能乱省。
30. 作主语的人称代词I在省略了全部谓语或谓语动词时用宾格形式。
2. 1.This way, please. 2.Pardon. 3.She works harder at English than I 4.Anybody you want to see 5.Why not go picnicking with us in the mountain 6.You may go with us if you want to. 7.Mary likes reading better than going to parties. 8.What a pity you can’t come with us ! 9.I will not go to the party unless invited. 10.Unless necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 11.Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.
12.—I didn’t go to see our former teacher while in Shanghai. --But I think you should have.
3. 1.I beg your pardon. 2.It sounds like a wonderful idea.
3.It’s no wonder he can play computer so well. 4.come this way,please.
5.Do you have any more questions 6.I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time.
7.Are you going to the Science Museum with me this afternoon 8.We / I have got to go now.
4. 1. ask-- asking 2.go—going 3. tiring—tired 4.introducing—introduced
5. do—去掉 6. giving—given 7.to do---to 8. do---did
9. see--去掉 10. ought to ----ought to 11.killed—being killed 12.if is so---if so
三．看看省略了什么，写出完整的句子。
1. Beg your pardon .
2. Sounds like a wonderful idea.
3. No wonder he can play computer so well.
4. This way, please.
5. Any more questions
6. Sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time.
7. Going to Science Museum with me this afternoon
8. Got to go now.
在英语中，有时为了言简意赅，突出关键词语；有时为了避免重复；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略的原则既不破坏语法结构， 同时又不能产生歧义(要保持句子意义的准确无误)。英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：
1． 不使用替代词的省略
（1） 省略主语 I have done more than (what ) is required. (You) Open the door for me, please.
（1） 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 Why (do) not (you) say goodbye to your lovely cousin
(Are you ) Ready Try to answer these questions in your own words.
（1） 省略宾语 ---Which of them is better ---Well, it is hard to tell (which of them is better).
（1） 省略表语 ---Are you hungry ---Yes, I am (hungry).
（1） 省略所有格后面的名词
Jack and his sister stayed in his uncle’s(home) during the summer vacation.
The girl’s handwriting is much better than his brother’s (handwriting).
（1） 在限定性定语从句中
作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；在含被动语态的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。如：
The book (that) he bought last week is written by Guo Jingming.
Here is the wonderful book (which )I have read many times.
The man (whom) you had said hello to was my English teacher.
（1） 不定式中的省略
a 英语中为避免重复，经常省略上下文已提到的动词原形，只保留不定式中的小品词to；这类动词有：expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,would like和love等。如：
She asked me to dance with her,but I didn’t want to (dance with her).
---Do you want to give us a lecture about how to use an English dictionary
---No, I prefer not to (give a lecture about how to use an English dictionary)
b 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词。如：
I really didn’t want to go there with him,but I had to (go there with him).
c不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面作状语时，可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。如：
---Will you join in our discussion
---I’ll be glad to (join in your discussion).
d 如果不定式中带有be, have, have been等，通常保留be, have, have been。如：
---Did he pass the driving test ---No,but he ought to have (passed the driving test).
f介词but后的不定式和作表语的不定式，它们前面出现了行为动词do的任何形式；在 and或or并列的第二个不定式中不能带to。
In very cold weather, the hibernating（冬眠） animals had no choice but to lie down to sleep.
He could do nothing but wait.
2．使用替代词的省略
（1） 通常情况下，在省略了某个词、短语或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。常用的替代词有：do /does /did, so, not, neither, nor和the same等。用助动词do /does /did来替代上下文出现的动词，以免重复。如：She speaks English more fluently than her elder sister does.
（2） 用so可替代单词、短语或句子(用于肯定) not用于否定，宾语从句可以省略，作believe, be afraid, expect, do, fear, hope, suppose, say, think 等的宾语。如：
---Will it be fine tomorrow ---I hope so. (I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.)
3. 常见的省略结构
（１）在虚拟条件句中，当助动词为were, had, should等时，连词if可省略，但were, had和should等需要倒装到主语的前面。如：
Had I had time,I would have gone shopping with you.
Were I you, I would go there and help him.
Should the teacher have time next week,he would come to the party.
（２）如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be动词+其它结构”, 则可以将状语从句中的“主语+be动词” 一起省略,引导这类主语从句的连词有：由when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，等。
如：If invited, I will go to his party. (If invited=If I am invited.)
Though young, he knows a lot of things. (Though young=Though he is young)
The old woman was knocked down while (she was)crossing the street.
The little girl began to cry when (she was) asked by the police.
有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可以一起省略。这种结构通常为if it is possible, when it is necessary等。:如：
When possible, Mr. Li will ask us some questions in English. (When possible=When it is possible)
Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible.
We’ll have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary.
（３）在作状语的独立主格结构中，分词短语往往可以部分被省略。如：
The work (having been)done,the secretary left the office and went home.
The weather (being)fine,we decided to go on a picnic on the beach.
（4 ） 由and连接的that引导的两个从句，第二个that不能省略。如：
The teacher told me (that) I had passed the driving test and that I could have a rest the next day.
【考考你】 一、 单项填空
1．--Do you think it will snow tomorrow -- _______.
A.I don’t think B.No,I don’t think C.I don’t think so D.No,I don’t
2. –Will you go home tomorrow evening --No. I am going to a lecture,or at least,I am planning _____.
A.it B.on C.so D.to
3.Edward became a good football player _____ in college.
A.when B.because C.as soon as D.even though
4.____ green ,the door might look more beautiful.
A.You painted B.If painted C.To paint D.Have it painted
5.What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which
6.---You should have given them some advice. -- _______.But who care what I offered
A.So it was B.So I should C.So I did D.So should you
7.—I would never come to this restaurant again.The food here is terrible! -- _____.
A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I
8.—Would you like to have some cakes --thank you._________.
A.I’d like to B.I’d like to have C.I’m full D.I’d better to home
9.The teacher told us to remain silent unless ________.
A.to be asked B.being asked C.asked D.you asked
10.—(asking a patient) ________ --Much better.
A. Are you feeling better today B. Better today
C. How are you feeling today D. Above all
11.—You should have thanked her before you left .
--I meant _____,but I couldn’t find here anywhere when I was leaving.
A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing so
12._________it snow tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will
13.I ______and will never ask suvh a silly question.
A.have never B.never C.have asked D.have never asked
14.-Did Jane pick up some Russian when she was on business abroad --I imagine _____.
A.that B.she was C.so D.it
15.She opened her mouth as if _____something important.
A.saying B.to say C.having said D.to have said
16.—She must look like a very pretty girl.--Yes,I imagine _____.
A.to B.that C.it D.so
17.---Everyone says you are a good employee.You never make a mistake,do you
---_______ .
A.Yes,never B.Yes,sometimes C.No,sometimes D.Oh,really
18.One of the sides of the paper should be painted yellow ,and ______.
A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white
19.--Who has been planning the summer camp --Everyone in the class ________.
A.is B.have C.has D.are
20.—She’s not an English teacher,is she -- _________________.
A.Yes,and she isn’t B.Yes,but she was C.No,but she isn’t D.No,but she was
21.If the weather is fine,I’ll wash my clothes.If _____,______.
A.not;not B.no;no C.not;no D.no;not
22.John plays football ______,if not better than,David.
A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as
23.—Mary is not coming tonight. --But she ______.
A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised
24.—Have you found the dog --_________.
A.I am B. I’m C. I’m just going to D.I’m just going
25.The twins are different in appearance but _____in characteristics.
A. not B. no C. aren’t D. don’t.
26. When ____, the building will be used as a school for children from poor families.
A. completed B. completing C. to be completed D. is completing
27. In our class Mary’s English is better than ______.
A. anybody else B. anybody’s English C. anybody else’ D. anybody else’s
28. --Does your brother intends to learn to sing this song --Yes, he intends ______.
A. so B. to C. that D. it
29. We must keep the factory ______ poisonous gases into air.
A. sending B. to send C. from sending D. send
30.--Susan, go on. Your sister is cleaning the yard. --Why ____ John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him B. he C. I D. me
2、 将下列句子改写为省略句
1． You come this way, please.
1． I beg your pardon .
1． She works harder at English than I work.
1． Is there anybody you want to see
1． Why don’t you go picnic with us in the mountain
1． You may go with us if you want to go.
1． Mary likes reading better than she likes going fishing.
1． What a pity it is you can’t come with us !
1． I will go to the party unless I am invited.
10. Unless it is necessary,you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
11. Get up early tomorrow.If you don’t get up early,you will miss the first bus.
12. --I didn’t go to see our former teacher while I was in Shanghai.
--But I think you should have gone to see him.
四.单句改错
1. Why not asking me about it
1. How about go to Shenzhen for our holidays
1. Though tiring,he kept on working.
1. When first introducing to the market,these products enjoyed great success.
1. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.
1. If giving the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.
1. –You should have seen her off at the airport yesterday.
--I meant to do,but I had to attend an important conference.
8. --Did you enjoy the performance last night --Yes, I do enjoy it.
9．I asked him to see the film,but he didn’t want to see.
10. –Did he tell you that the meeting was put off --No, but he ought to.
11. After killed,he was thrown away into the river.
12. I don’t know whether he has passed the exam. If is so, I’ll be very glad.
答案: 一. 1----5CDABA 6----10CBCCD 11---15BBDCB 16---20DBCCD 21---25ABBCA 26—30 ADBCD 解析：26. 如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be动词+其它结构”，状语从句中的“主语+be动词”可省略。
27. anybody else’s等于anybody else’s English, 避免重复。 28.省略和前文相同的动词短语。
29. keep sb doing 和 keep sb from doing是完全不同的结构，不能乱省。
30. 作主语的人称代词I在省略了全部谓语或谓语动词时用宾格形式。
2. 1.This way, please. 2.Pardon. 3.She works harder at English than I 4.Anybody you want to see 5.Why not go picnicking with us in the mountain 6.You may go with us if you want to. 7.Mary likes reading better than going to parties. 8.What a pity you can’t come with us ! 9.I will not go to the party unless invited. 10.Unless necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 11.Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus.
12.—I didn’t go to see our former teacher while in Shanghai. --But I think you should have.
3. 1.I beg your pardon. 2.It sounds like a wonderful idea.
3.It’s no wonder he can play computer so well. 4.come this way,please.
5.Do you have any more questions 6.I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time.
7.Are you going to the Science Museum with me this afternoon 8.We / I have got to go now.
4. 1. ask-- asking 2.go—going 3. tiring—tired 4.introducing—introduced
5. do—去掉 6. giving—given 7.to do---to 8. do---did
9. see--去掉 10. ought to ----ought to 11.killed—being killed 12.if is so---if so
三．看看省略了什么，写出完整的句子。
1. Beg your pardon .
2. Sounds like a wonderful idea.
3. No wonder he can play computer so well.
4. This way, please.
5. Any more questions
6. Sorry to have kept you waiting for so long a time.
7. Going to Science Museum with me this afternoon
8. Got to go now.