课标》《教材》《中考指要》与2008中考(江苏省扬州市)
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| 名称 | 课标》《教材》《中考指要》与2008中考(江苏省扬州市) |
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| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 33.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2008-06-18 00:00:00 | ||
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文档简介
《课标》《教材》《中考指要》与2008中考
高邮市教育局教研室
《课标》是导向，确定中考考查内容与标准的依据
《教材》是依托，提供语言材料，融知识与技能为一体（教材中出现的语法现象并非都是中考考查的重点）
《中考指要》是抓手，列举出了重点和难点，明晰了中考题型（教师要灵活使用才能取得最大效益）
中考命题的基本原则（北京师范大学外文学院程晓堂）
1、根据《英语课程标准》确定考查内容与标准，不拘泥于教材。
2、着重考查学生的综合语言运用能力。
3、考虑学生实际生活和身心发展水平。
4、注意选用真实、地道的语言素材，根据语言实际使用情形命题。
5、注重试题的信度和效度，避免繁、偏、旧的试题 。
6、根据试题的考查目的和考查重点，科学合理地制定评分标准。
正面例举
①--- Will you stay for another day
--- I’d like to, but I ___ . My sister is coming to see me.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t
②It’s difficult to live in a foreign country, ___ if you don’t speak the language.
A．exactly B. naturally C. usually D. especially
反面例举
①---Look at the skirt over there.
---It’s quite expensive, __________
A. is he B. isn’t he C. is it D. isn’t it
②Two days _________ enough for me to finish the work. I need a third day.
A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t D. are
关于语言知识
严格说来，语言知识的运用能力已经蕴含在听、说、读、写等语言技能之中。但是，为了突出对某些重要语言知识掌握情况的考查，特别是为了保证试题对《课程标准》设定的重要语言知识点的涵盖率，中考时仍然会以适当的形式考查学生对具体语言知识的掌握情况。现在这类考查，一般不孤立地、机械地考查对知识点的记忆情况。
《课标》五级词汇要求：
学会使用1500～1600个单词和200～300个习惯用语和固定搭配等形式。
单词：教材里词汇表中的要求来命题的，也不会出现教材中指示语、语法讲解和课题（Project）中的生词。
习惯用语和固定搭配：课标附录中给出了近400个（八级要求）。
与《中考指要》归纳出的重点短语的关系：
以8B Unit 2为例，计归纳出了28个，其中课标附录中出现的只有：so…that, stop taking photos, go skiing, go sightseeing.其他未出现的不是没有用，而是编者有意识地拓展出了其他的用途，如：a famous indoor theme park, have a happy experience, clap one’s hand, land safely
《课标》语法项目表（红色为八级要求）：
1. 名词：可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、专有名词、名词所有格
◆ 名词的数：当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时, 复数形式通常只需要将被修饰的名词变成复数.
a shoe shop→three shoe shops
an apple tree→five apple trees
考点： a man teacher→six men teachers
a woman doctor→four women doctors
◆ 名词的格：the boy’s name the gate of the school
考点：Children’s Day Teachers’ Day
five minutes’ walk today’s newspaper
Lucy and Lily’s mother Tom’s and Jane’s heads
a friend of my sister’s a friend of mine
2. 代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词
◆ 不定代词:
① each/ every each of … every 三者或三者以上
② both/ all both(﹦2) all(≧3)
both→neither all→none
③ none/nothing nobody(none) none of...
--- How many students have been to the USA --- .
A. No one B. Nothing C. None D. Neither
④ other/others/theother/the others/another/else/more
one…the other… another two nothing else
ten more minutes﹦another ten minutes
▲ Would you like cup of coffee
▲ No one helped Millie. She did it all by __________.
A. myself B. herself C. himself D. yourself
▲ Shirley had to buy __________ these CDs because she didn’t know which one to take.
A. all B. none C. each D. both
▲ There’s ______ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the supermarket and get _____
A. little; some B. little; any C. few; some D. few; any
▲ ---Is this your bicycle, David
---No, it’s not . It’s Helen’s.
A. his B. yours C. mine D. hers
▲ ---Mum, may I have some cakes
---Sorry, there’s left in the box. I’ll go and buy some for you tonight.
A. nothing B. no one C. no D. none
▲---I don’t like watching TV. ---Me .(也 )
▲ of them knows French, so I have to ask a fourth person for help.
A .Neither B. Either C. Both D. None
3. 数词：基数词、序数词
考点：①序数词前要加the.
②序数词可以和a/ an. Here comes a fourth one.
③序数词修饰比较级和最高级.
Lucy is the taller of the twins.
Changjiang River is the third longest one of the world.
④分数: 1/5 one fifth 7/12 seven twelfths
3/4 three fourths/quarters
⑤时间表达.
2:10 two ten ten past two
3:30 three thirty half past three
4:50 four fifty ten to five
★ 1:58 two to two 4:55 five to five 9:50 ten to ten
▲ It is said that the gravity on Mars is only about __________ if the gravity on earth.
A. three-eighths B. third-eighth C. three-eights D. third-eight
▲ September is the (nine) month of the year.
▲ Her daughter sent her a beautiful flower on her birthday.(四十)
4. 介词和介词短语
① in on at ( 表时间)
on a cold morning on rainy days
on the evening of October 26th
② through(内部穿过) 与in相通 over(从上面穿过)
across(从表面穿过) 与on相通 past(从旁边穿过)
③ in on to （表方位）
in on to
④ over on above(上面)
over on above
under(下面) below(下面)
⑤ between(﹦2) among(≧3) (在……之间 )
⑥ after(过去) in(将来)( 在……之后)
--- will Mr Black be back to London
--- In two days.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far
⑦★against(反对) for(赞成)
against the law vote for
▲Audrey Hepburn was born in Belgium __________ 4th May 1929.
A. at B. in C. on D. from
▲ After class, I like playing computer games and chatting my friends the Internet.
A. to; by B. with; on C. for; in D. about; through
▲ It’s very nice for you to bring me the newspapers and magazines.
▲ There will be no space to stand in in the world.
▲ --- What would you like, milk or tea
--- No, thanks. I prefer coffee some sugar.
A. to B. in C. with D. by
5. 连词
① because（最强烈） since（说话双方都知道的理由）
as for ( 因为)
▲---Why didn’t you come to school yesterday
--- my mother was ill, I had to look after her.
▲ everyone is here, we’ll begin our class.
② although but because so
③★ when while as
▲ When/While/As I was jogging, I met a friend of mine.
▲ He was just falling asleep, when the telephone rang. (when强调正在……时)
▲ My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV.
▲ Liu Xiang is good at running while Yao Ming does well in playing basketball.
（while强调对比）
▲ He sang as he walked.（as连接两个短动作）
▲---Somebody is waiting outside. He wants to see you.
---_________ no one knows I’m here.
A. For B. And C. But D. So
▲ The dress fits me well, I don’t want to buy it because it’s too expensive.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
6. 7. 形容词、副词（比较级和最高级）
高频考点：
①形容词最高级前若有物主代词、序数词等修饰时，最高级前不加the.
He is my best friend.
②of之后若接两者，则比较前加the. I’ll catch the thicker of the tree.
③要注意比较的范围:
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.
④比较前的修饰词：much still even a little far….
⑤比较级＋and＋比较级: Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
⑥The more…, The more….
The harder you study, the more scores you’ll get.
⑦三个不再:
not……any longer (时间) I can’t wait any longer.
not……any more (次数) I don’t want to ask him any more.
not……any farther/further(距离)
I’m too tired to go any farther/further.
★ further(强调深度): for further study/information
⑧倍数：
Yangzhou is four times as large as my hometown.
Yangzhou is three times larger than my hometown.
⑨形容词连用的排序：
限 数 描述 外观 色 国 材 分词 名１ 名２
the first famous longold red French wooden writing apple tree
⑩形容词相似副词的区别：
hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不
wide 宽阔的 widely 广泛地
high 高高的 highly 高度地
late 迟的 lately 最近
near 接近的 neraly 几乎
▲ --Is your stomachache getting __________ ---No, it’s worse.
A. better B. bad C. less D. well
▲ ---I hate vegetables. I eat them.
---But they’re good for your health! You should often eat them.
A. seldom B. often C. usually D. always
▲ Susan is always the best in different exams in our class because she is a girl.
A. helpful B. polite C. proud D. hard-working
▲ We’ll try our best to do the work with money
and people.
A. few; little B. a few; a little C. less; fewer D. fewer; less
▲ Peter is much (tall ) than Kitty.
▲ You should listen to your teacher (careful) in class.
▲ Sandy was (happy) because she failed in the maths exam yesterday.
▲ --- What’re your boots like —It’s a pair of boots.
A. long leather brown B. white long leather
C. leather long white D. long brown leather
▲ ￥150,000 is a lot of money, but it’s than we need to pay for the new house.
A. very little B. very fewer C. far more D. far less
8. 冠词
▲ Millie has e-dog and its name is Hobo.
A. a B. an C. the D.不填
▲ Yesterday 11-year-old boy fell into the river. Luckily, the boy was saved by 110-year-old granny. .
A. a, a B. an; a C. an; an D. a; an
★ a useful book an unusual story
9. 动词：动词的基本形式、系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、助动词、情态动词
◆ 情态动词:
① can/could/may/might
--- I use your dictionary, Tom --- Of course, you .
A. Can; could B. Could; can C. Could; could D. Can; might
② be able to(时态丰富)/can
have to(强调客观)/must(强调主观)
Must I hand my papers now
Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.
don’t have to =needn’t
ought to (强调客观)/ should (强调主观)
ought not to
③ had better do sth./had better not do sth.
④ need do sth. need to do sth./doesn’t need to do sth.
⑤ dare do sth. dare to do sth./doesn’t dare to do sth.
▲ The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly (开玩笑地) called the World Wide Wait because it ________ be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
▲ ---Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao
---No, you . You may give it to me tomorrow.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. may not
▲ ---What a beautiful sweater! How much did you for it
---198 yuan.
A. take B. cost C. pay D. spend
▲ I would rather (stay) at home than go shopping with you.
▲ Kitty’s uncle has gone to Beijing twice.
▲ We don’t know what to solve these problems.
10. 时态：现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般讲来时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去进行时
表格一:
主语特征 存 在 行为动作
一般现在时 S+ am/is/are There is/are do/does
一般过去时 S+ was/were There was/were did
一般将来时 S+ will be There will be will do
过去将来时 S+ would be There would be would do
表格二:
结 构 特 征
现在进行时 S+ am/is/are+ doing
过去进行时 S+ was/were+ doing
现在完成时 S+ have/has+ done
过去完成时 S+ had+ done
表格三:
短暂性动词 延续性动词 短暂性动词 延续性动词
buy have become be
borrow keep finish be over
close be closed begin be on
leave be over get up be up
come be here join be a member of
▲---What will you do if it __________ tomorrow
---I’ll stay at home and watch the match on TV.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
▲---What’s wrong with your coat
---Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me __________ on it.
A. is sitting B. had sat C. sits D. was sitting
▲---Kitty, will you go to see the film, Cold Mountain this evening
---No, I won’t.. I it already.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
▲ I my homework while my parents TV last night.
A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watching
C. had done; were watching D. would do; were watching
▲ --How long have you bought this bike, John -- For two years.
11. 被动语态
◆ 构成:
被动语态结构 be+ done
一般现在时的被动语态 am/is are+ done
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+ done
一般将来时的被动语态 will+ be+ done
过去将来时的被动语态 would+ be+ done
现在完成时的被动语态 have/has+ been+ done
过去完成时的被动语态 had+ been+ done
现在进行时的被动语态 am/is/are+ being+ done
情态动词的被动语态 can/must/should…+ be+ done
◆ 常考句型:
① I gave Millie a book last week.
Millie was given a book last week by me.
A book was given to Millie last week by me. ( to是介词)
② I often hear the girl sing in the park.
The girl is often heard to sing in the park. ( to是不定式符号)
③ I saw her jogging just now.
She was seen jogging just now.
④ People are building many football fields in Beijing.
Many football fields are being built in Beijing.
⑤ We should speak to the elderly politely.
The elderly should be spoken to politely.
▲ The hero’s story __________ in Youth Daily.
A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported
▲ ---Do you know who designed the CD-ROM Around the World in Eight Hours
---Yes, It by Nancy Jackson.
A. has designed B. designed C. was designed D. designs
★★ 《中指》8B Unit 3 语法知识
重点掌握两种特殊情况的被动语态：
（1）含有使役动词、感官动词和help后接的不带to 的动词不定式改为被动语态时，要加上to。
（2）含有双宾语的情况改为被动语态时有两种改法。
特别注意happen (take place)及系动词feel, sound, taste, smell, look, have等没有被动语态的情况。
12.非谓语动词：动词不定式、动词的-ing 形式、动词的-ed形式
◆ 动词不定式功能:
① 作主语: To save money now seems impossible.
② 作宾语: Jim failed to pass this examination.
③ 作表语: My hobby is to read.
④ 作宾补: He made me move my car.
⑤ 作定语: Could I have something to eat
⑥ 作状语: They came to see us yesterday.
The boy is too young to go to school.
I’m sorry to hear that.
⑦不定式否定式: Mum asked me not to speak to strangers.
⑧不定式复合结构: I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
◆ 分词:
★ --ing分词 表进行或主动意义 a developing country a missing pen
--ed分词 表完成 或被动意义 a developed country two minutes left`
★ --ed分词 主语通常是人 bored tired surprised
--ing分词通常修饰物 boring tiring surprising
★ --ing动名词通常表进行 stop doing forget doing
--to 不定式表将来 stop to do forget to do
▲ The man (who is )standing under the tree is our headteacher.
▲ The songs (that are) sung by Han Hong are popular.
▲ Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad, energetic or sleepy.
A. to feel B. feeling C. felt D. feel
▲ .Please tell him don’t to be late for school.
▲ Mrs Jiang is good at （唱）English songs.
★★对教材中出现的非谓语动词的理解
▲ If you have any difficulty making decisions, please call me.
▲ The long walk organized last week is very interesting.
▲ The boy named Tom is new here.
▲ The teacher holding a book in his hand is talking to Li’s mother.
▲ Seen from the hill, my school looks very beautiful.
13. 构词法：合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写
14. 句子种类：陈述句（肯定式和否定式）、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）、祈使句、感叹句
◆ 反意疑问句:
① He never goes to the cinema, does he ( seldom, hardly, rarely, few, little 和 no….)
② He was unsuccessful in his business, wasn’t he (否定前缀视为肯定形式)
③ I don’t think she is fond of classical music, is she
He says they want to be teachers, doesn’t he
④ You must play the piano, needn’t you ( 有必要 )
You must pass the important driving test, mustn’t you ( 必须 )
⑤ My boss must be in the office now, isn’t he ( 推测)
She must have been to there before, hasn’t she ( 推测)
He must have known the accident yesterday, didn’t he ( 推测)
⑥ He daren’t go there by himself at night, dare he
We need to catch the early train, don’t we
⑦ Don’t whisper in class, will you
Stop smoking, will you
⑧ Let’s go camping, shall we
Let us have a rest, will you
◆ 祈使句:
Tom, ( not play) football in the street.
◆ 感叹句:
★★ what 是形容词故修饰名词 how是副词故修饰动词、形容词和副词.
▲ What an interesting story! = How interesting the story is!
▲ How time flies! How I wish I could fly to the moon!
▲ How far is it How far it is!
▲ What good information/news/work! What a heavy rain!
▲ good time they had yesterday!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
good a time they had yesterday!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
15. 句子成分：主语、谓语（主谓一致）、表语、宾语（直接宾语和间级宾语）、补语、定语、状语
▲ Daniel plays chess __________, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
▲ The life we were used to __________ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
16. 简单句的基本句型
主语＋系动词＋表语
主语＋不及物动词
主语＋及物动词＋宾语
主语＋及物动词＋间级宾语＋直接宾语
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
there be 句型
17. 并列复合句
18. 主从复合句：宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句
▲ ---I wonder __________. ---Zebras.
A. what do they call these animals B. how they call these animals
C. what they call these animals D. how do they call these animals
▲ --- Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the report
--- Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
定语从句属于《课表》中的5级要求。我市08中考教材进度要求至9A Unit 6。定语从句在教材9B的 Grammar 部份才出现。
19. 直接引语与间接引语
20. 省略
21. 倒装
22. 强调
23. 虚拟语气
听力技能
听力技能要求学生在理解信息的基础上，还要能够对信息进行判断、归纳、综合，有时还需要根据信息进行实际操作。中考一般不会在脱离语境的情况下单纯考查学生的语音识别和辨别能力。听力考查时，大多选用口语材料。
掌握十大实战技巧 突破中考听力试题
一、沉着冷静备考， 聚精会神应试
二、超前浏览试题， 抢先一步预测
三、抓住关键信息， 领略主旨大意
四、弄清动词世态， 确定先后时间
五、明确情节背景， 准确推断地点
六、听清关键数字， 进行科学计算
七、判断职业身份， 明确人物关系
八、了解对话目的， 确定讲话意图
九、了解本质内容， 领悟言外之意
十、宏观把握内容， 善于整体思维
阅读技能
着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁的书面材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。由于承载信息的媒介日益多样化，阅读技能已经不局限于对文字的理解能力，因此，常常出现考查学生从图表等视觉材料中获取信息能力的内容，如阅读广告、告示、说明书、指令等。阅读理解部分一般不专门考查语言知识内容。
★ ★ 中考英语阅读理解解题方法:
中考英语阅读理解题要求考生既能掌握阅读材料的主旨大意, 又能掌握主旨大意的事实细节; 既能理解具体事实, 又能理解抽象概念; 既能理解字面意思, 又能理解深层含义。中考英语阅读理解常常设置综合归纳题、语境句意判断题、标题判断和语境词义判断题。
解法一: 用概括归纳法解归纳综合题。
解法二: 用语境句意推断法解语境句意判断题。
解法三: 用直接查找法解答细节理解题。
解法四: 用逻辑推断法解推理判断题。
解法五: 用标题判断三原则解标题判断题。
解法六: 用语境词义推断法解语境词义判断题。
写的技能
书面表达是指以书面的形式进行信息沟通、再现生活经历、描述周围事物、发表意见和观点的能力。写的技能考试着重考查学生以书面形式表达真实意义或传递信息的能力，因此，书面表达常常是与同学们学习、生活有关的内容。一般情况，中考书面表达都是半控制式的写作，最常出现的形式有：文字提示、图表提示和文字图表共同提示等。
范文1: 随着 “ 嫦娥探月” 之后有关月球的图片越来越多, 人们对月球的了解也在逐步加深。同学们对科学, 特别是太空科学越来越感兴趣。 请根据所给图片, 写一篇短文, 介绍 Chang’e—Ⅰ, 并就将来能为航空事业做出贡献, 谈一谈自己的打算。
要求：
1. 短文应包含所有图片的内容；2. 词数100左右,开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Chang’e—Ⅰ satellite was sent up into space
Chang’e—Ⅰ satellite was sent up into space on October 24, 2007 by China. Now it is traveling around the moon in space. The scientists are busy sending and receiving messages. They have received 3-D pictures of the moon. Those pictures help people learn much about the moon.
I want to be a space scientist when I grow up. I want to try my best to do the space research. From now on, I should work hard at our lessons. I’ll try to learn science lessons, such as Maths, Physics, Chemistry and Biology better. I’ll also learn English well so that I could learn science from other countries. I think I’ll be successful.
范文2: 北京阳光中学的学生将要举行一场慈善义演, 为四川地震灾区的人们捐款, 帮他们重建家园, 恢复生产, 帮助失学孩子继续上学……。学生们想写一篇演讲稿，希望更多的人们来帮助他们。根据内容提示写一篇100词左右的短文。
（1）义演名称：Love for All。
（2）义演时间：周六晚6：30至9：00。
（3）义演地点：学校礼堂。
（4）义演票价：每张10元。
（5）义演内容： 唱歌、舞蹈和诗歌朗诵等。
2008中考英语阅读命题预测 科技奥运成热点
近年来,中考英语阅读理解涉及政治,经济,历史,地理,文化,教育,新闻报道,人物故事,科技信息,海外风情等多方面题材.《新课标》对中考英语阅读理解题型做了具体要求,其中一条就是能阅读一般的英文报刊材料,获取主要信息,了解当代发生的重大事件,包括科技,文化,环保等方面.因此,2008年中考新闻报道类阅读理解必将成为热点.
【预测热点一】科技类
"嫦娥一号"的成功发射显示了中国科技的飞速发展,这无疑是各大报纸,杂志报道的热点,更是中考命题者命题的热点.
【解题技巧】
主要题型为词义猜测题和语义理解题.这类题考查同学们对英语文章中生词的解释意义,代词的指代意义或短语和句子的含义.常见的提问方式有:What does the word/phrase"…"in Paragraph…mean
【例题剖析】
根据"嫦娥一号"新闻报道,选出正确的答案.
China to Launch 1st Lunar Probe Chang'e I This Year
China says the launch of its first lunar probe Chang'e I is just around the corner. Chinese scientists made the announcement on Wednesday, saying the satellite would be launched in the second half of this year.
Since China announced the project in 2004, the country's first lunar exploration project has drawn world-wide attention. Now, China's space scientists say the satellite is ready for lift off.
Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist, China's lunar exploration project, said,"Preparations for the satellite, rocket, ground control and data reception are ready for the exploration. We will be able to launch the probe the second half of this year."
The probe's operational orbit has already been decided on. Chang'e I is scheduled to enter the moon's orbit after a nearly 400 000-kilometer journey in space. And a committee of over 100 space experts has also been established for the project. The scientists have agreed to share the data sent back by Chang'e I on the lunar environment.
Ouyang Ziyuan said,"We will make a 3D map of the moon and research the distribution of lunar elements, lunar soil thickness and the moon's surface environment."
Ouyang Ziyuan says Chang'e I will be carried by a Long March A3 carrier rocket for its launch. This is scheduled to take place at the Xi'Chang Satellite Launch Center.
1. What does the underlined words"around the corner"in the first paragraph mean
A. in the corner
B. on the way
C. in the way
D. at the corner
2. When did China announce the project
A. In the second half of this year.
B. In 2004.
C. In the first half of this year.
D. In 2008.
3. How long will Chang'e I travel before it enters the moon's orbit
A. 300 000 kilometers.
B. 400 000 meters.
C. 400 000 000 meters.
D. 5 000 000 kilometers.
4. What will Chang'e I do in space
A. It will just circle around the moon.
B. It will make a 2D map of the moon and research the distribution of lunar elements.
C. It will send the TV signals to make our life more colorful.
D. It will make a 3D map of the moon and do some research about the moon.
5. Which one is TRUE
A. The committee is made up of less than 100 space experts.
B. It is scheduled to launch at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
C. The data sent back by Chang'e I will be shared by the scientists.
D. Chang'e I will be carried by a Long March B3 carrier rocket for its launch.【分析】
1.答案为B.根据第一段最后一句话可知"嫦娥一号"即将发射.
2.答案为B.时间细节的考查,从第二段第一句话可知答案.
3.答案为C.从第四段第二行可知答案.
4.答案为D.从第五段第一行可知答案.
5.答案为C.细节考查,纵观全文,可知答案.
【预测热点二】奥运专题类
2008年8月,第29届奥运会将在北京隆重举行,如何将本届奥运会办成有中国特色的奥运会将是全世界关注的焦点.作为一名中中生,应该多了解和接触有关奥运会的英文材料.
【解题技巧】
主要题型为主旨大意题.这类题考查同学们对文章中心思想,段落大意的归纳,总结及概括能力.归纳文章主题时,选项的内涵和外延要恰如其分地概括文章主题.常见的提问方式有:What is the main idea of this passage 【例题剖析】
Beijing to Hold Olympic Cultural Activities
Beijing Olympic organizers say the city will hold a variety of Olympic cultural activities between June and September. This is an attempt to provide an opportunity for both domestic and overseas tourists to experience the combination of Olympic and Chinese cultures.
The officials released schedule of the activities at a coordination meeting Thursday.
Zhao Dongming is with the Beijing Olympic organizing Committee. He said cultural activities are an important part of the sporting event.
"The Olympic Games is a big international stage. It provides a broad platform to showcase the diversified cultures in China and across the world through various cultural activities. It promotes understanding of China and Beijing."
Officials say the Olympic Cultural Square Program will be the core part of the city Olympic cultural activities. Over 100 squares in Beijing will be used as platforms for cultural shows and activities in the summer.
Other cities, including Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tianjin will also have a variety of cultural activities in the run up to the Olympic Games.
1. What is the main idea of this passage
A. 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.
B. It shows us the importance of holding Olympic Games in China.
C. Chinese people hold Cultural Activities in honor of Olympic Games.
D. Chinese government tries to improve the transportation in the run up to the Olympic Games.
2. Which city will not have a variety of cultural activities in the run up to the Olympic Games
A. Chongqing B. Beijing
C. Tianjing D. Hong Kong
3. What is the cultural magnificence of holding 2008 Olympic Games
A. It can help Chinese to make a lot of money.
B. It will provide a broad platform to showcase the highly-developing economy in China and across the world.
C. This is an attempt to provide an opportunity for both domestic and overseas tourists to experience the combination of Olympic and Chinese tourism.
D. It will let people all over the word have a chance to experience Chinese various cultures.
【分析】
1.答案为C.新闻报道类的概括大意一定要注意对标题的理解和掌握.
2.答案为A.从第六段可得出天津,香港和北京都有文化活动,只有重庆没有.
3.答案为D.从文章的标题和第一段的最后一句话可知答案.
【预测热点三】对生活有重大影响类
中考阅读理解的题材应该来源于生活而又中于生活.因此,人们日常生活谈论的焦点话题也应在试题中得到适当反映,而房价则是近年来最热门的话题.
【解题技巧】
主要题型为观点态度题.这类题考查同学们对文章中观点,感情,态度,目的,意图的理解.同学们要从文章的用词,语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度,观点等.常见提问的方式有:What is the opinion of the writer in this passage
【例题剖析】
China's Housing Prices to Keep on Rising in 2008
BEIJING, Jan. 11th(Xinhua),a report by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)predicted that housing prices in China would keep on rising this year and the increase rate would roughly equal that of 2007.
The sale of residential buildings this year would hit 697.99 million square meters, up 2.24 percent year on year, according to the report on the prospects of the Chinese economy in 2008 released on Friday by the CAS forecasting center.
The real estate market would maintain a"good momentum,"and investment in the property sector would reach 2.54 trillion yuan(about 347.5 billion yuan), the report said.
The total floor space of"completed"buildings would drop 8.2 percent to 1.9 billion square meters in 2008, leading to a further dwindling of the housing supply, said the report, noting that the imbalance between supply and demand would be aggravated.
From January to November of 2007, housing prices in 70 major Chinese cities jumped 7.3 percent year on year. Housing prices were up at a rate of 7.3 percent in November alone, a report by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)showed.
The November rate was the highest monthly gain since July 2005 when the monthly housing price survey was started.
1. What is the opinion of the writer in this passage
A. The writer thinks the prices of houses will go down.
B. The writer thinks the prices of houses will go up.
C. The writer thinks the prices of houses will keep stable.
D. The writer just reports the facts and data objectively.
2. How many square meters of residential buildings were sold in 2007
A. 697.99 million square meters.
B. 347.5 million square meters.
C. About 683 million squaremeters.
D. It hasn't been mentioned.
3. What was the highest monthly gain since July 2005
A. 2.24 percent.
B. 7.4 percent.
C. 7.3 percent.D. 8.2 percent.【分析】
1.答案为D.新闻报道要求客观报道事实.
2.答案为C.从第二自然段第一,二句,通过运算可知答案.
3.答案为C.从第五段的最后一句话和最后一段的第一句话可以推出答案
【小贴士】新闻报道类阅读理解小窍门
1.词汇是语言的重要组成部分,是进行阅读的基础.
2.要紧紧抓住新闻标题和文中小标题进行理解.
3.要重视对文章第一段的理解.
4.要重视对每个段落的第一句话或最后一句话的理解.
5.要重视对文章中长句,难句的理解.
2008中考英语押题大揭秘
近年来中考英语试题一个突出的特点就是体现了浓厚的时代气息，紧密联系社会热点和同学们的生活实际。下面就这类有关创新能力的中考试题做简单解析，以备同学们更好地应对今年的中考。
预测一 关注环境保护，增强环境意识
1. We believe scientists will ______ a way to solve the problem of air pollution.
A. set off B. put off
C. come up with D. catch up with
【解析】 此题的句意是“我们相信科学家们将会想出解决空气污染的办法”。选项A是“出发”，B是“拖延、延期”，C是“想出、发现”，D是“赶上”。
预测二 增强识图能力，注意联系生活实际
2. Which is the following is NOT a traffic sign（交通标志）
A. HYPERLINK "http://blog./showpic.html" \l "url=http://static9./orignal/4bcd4c091ddc4fc03ba08" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://static9./orignal/4bcd4c091ddc4fc03ba08" \* MERGEFORMATINET B. HYPERLINK "http://blog./showpic.html" \l "url=http://static9./orignal/4bcd4c0908a119ea28e28" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://static9./orignal/4bcd4c0908a119ea28e28" \* MERGEFORMATINET C. HYPERLINK "http://blog./showpic.html" \l "url=http://static15./orignal/4bcd4c09424673f04ae2e" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://static15./orignal/4bcd4c09424673f04ae2e" \* MERGEFORMATINET D. HYPERLINK "http://blog./showpic.html" \l "url=http://static16./orignal/4bcd4c098f2a846d7577f" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://static16./orignal/4bcd4c098f2a846d7577f" \* MERGEFORMATINET
【解析】 此题考查的是交通标志与其他标志的区别。这就要求我们在平时多注意公共场所的各种图示标志。
预测三 渗透学科整合，注意学科内在联系
3. （用所给词的适当形式填空）The Yellow River, the world’s _____ （five）longest river, has a serious problem now.
【解析】 此题考查到了地理知识，黄河是世界上第五条大河。地理知识是每个同学应该掌握的内容，这也是素质教育的要求。
预测四 关注奥运，激发爱国之情
4. Which of the following information is NOT true
A. The 1996 Olympic Games was held in America.
B. The 27th Olympic Games was held in Europe.
C. Beijing is getting ready for the 29th Olympic Games.
【解析】 第26届奥运会1996年在美国举行，第29届奥运会在北京举办，这两条信息是真实的。第27届奥运会在悉尼举行，悉尼是澳大利亚的城市，不属于欧洲。
5. _______ 8:00 of August 8, 2008, Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games.
A. At B. In C. On D. By
【解析】 此题考查了奥运会的有关知识。即2008奥运会开幕式的时间；又考查了在钟点前介词的应用。
预测五 把握时代脉搏，注重时事热点
6. —What do you think of Fuwa（福娃） for the 2008 Olympic Games
—I love them. They’re ________.
A. generous B. creative
C. excite D. personal
【解析】 “福娃”作为第29届奥运会吉祥物的标志，是有新的创意的。从奥运会开办以来，吉祥物通常为一个或两个，只有第29届奥运会“五个福娃”合为一体，象征着“北京欢迎您”。
7. Ren Changxia, a policewoman, was always very busy. She has little time to spend ______her family.
A. about B. on C. with D. in
【解析】 此题考察了我们熟知的人民好警察任长霞一心为公，全心全意为人民服务的事迹。把这样具有深远影响的人物事迹放在考题里，具有很强的教育意义。
预测六 考察中西文化差异
8. —Sam hurt his leg yesterday. Now he is in hospital.
—_________.
A. That’s all
B. That’s all right
C. I hope you’ll feel better soon
D. I’m sorry to hear that
【解析】 当听到对方不好的消息时说“I’m sorry to hear that.”“What a pity.”“Bad luck.”等表示安慰的话。千万不要按汉语习惯说“不要紧”“小心点”或“不严重”之类的话。
（Keys: 1. C 2. A 3. fifth 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D）
猜想试题:
1. The 2007 Special Olympic Games will be held in _______.
A. Guangzhou B. Shanghai
C. Shenyang D. Beijing
2. Taiwan is _____ island of China. I hope to visit soon.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
3. In many countries, teenagers under 18 should not _______ to enter Internet bars.
A. allow B. be allowed
C. is allowing D. are allowed
4. In western countries _______ is the most important festival, just like Spring Festival in China.
A. Christmas Day B. Mother’s Day
C. Thanksgiving Day D. Children’s Day
5. Mount Qomolangma, “the roof of the world”, is as ___as 8848.13 meters.
A. tall B. taller C. high D. higher
6. We need trees because they _____ CO2 , and let out O2.
A. take off B. take in C. take out D. take away
7. —What do you know about the world’s population
—I know China and _____ are the countries that have populations of more than one billion.
A. Japan B. Russia C. America D. India
8. September the ___ is Teachers’ Day. Let’s make some cards for our teachers.
A. ten B. tenth C. nine D. ninth
9. Liu Xiang is a super star, _____ he
A. Is B. is not C. isn’t D. doesn’t
10. —It’s so hot. Let’s go swimming.
—_____________.
A. Don’t say so that B. You’re welcome
C. That’s nothing D. It’s a good idea
（Keys：1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D）
A
B
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A
A
B
A
B
B
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高邮市教育局教研室
《课标》是导向，确定中考考查内容与标准的依据
《教材》是依托，提供语言材料，融知识与技能为一体（教材中出现的语法现象并非都是中考考查的重点）
《中考指要》是抓手，列举出了重点和难点，明晰了中考题型（教师要灵活使用才能取得最大效益）
中考命题的基本原则（北京师范大学外文学院程晓堂）
1、根据《英语课程标准》确定考查内容与标准，不拘泥于教材。
2、着重考查学生的综合语言运用能力。
3、考虑学生实际生活和身心发展水平。
4、注意选用真实、地道的语言素材，根据语言实际使用情形命题。
5、注重试题的信度和效度，避免繁、偏、旧的试题 。
6、根据试题的考查目的和考查重点，科学合理地制定评分标准。
正面例举
①--- Will you stay for another day
--- I’d like to, but I ___ . My sister is coming to see me.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t
②It’s difficult to live in a foreign country, ___ if you don’t speak the language.
A．exactly B. naturally C. usually D. especially
反面例举
①---Look at the skirt over there.
---It’s quite expensive, __________
A. is he B. isn’t he C. is it D. isn’t it
②Two days _________ enough for me to finish the work. I need a third day.
A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t D. are
关于语言知识
严格说来，语言知识的运用能力已经蕴含在听、说、读、写等语言技能之中。但是，为了突出对某些重要语言知识掌握情况的考查，特别是为了保证试题对《课程标准》设定的重要语言知识点的涵盖率，中考时仍然会以适当的形式考查学生对具体语言知识的掌握情况。现在这类考查，一般不孤立地、机械地考查对知识点的记忆情况。
《课标》五级词汇要求：
学会使用1500～1600个单词和200～300个习惯用语和固定搭配等形式。
单词：教材里词汇表中的要求来命题的，也不会出现教材中指示语、语法讲解和课题（Project）中的生词。
习惯用语和固定搭配：课标附录中给出了近400个（八级要求）。
与《中考指要》归纳出的重点短语的关系：
以8B Unit 2为例，计归纳出了28个，其中课标附录中出现的只有：so…that, stop taking photos, go skiing, go sightseeing.其他未出现的不是没有用，而是编者有意识地拓展出了其他的用途，如：a famous indoor theme park, have a happy experience, clap one’s hand, land safely
《课标》语法项目表（红色为八级要求）：
1. 名词：可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、专有名词、名词所有格
◆ 名词的数：当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时, 复数形式通常只需要将被修饰的名词变成复数.
a shoe shop→three shoe shops
an apple tree→five apple trees
考点： a man teacher→six men teachers
a woman doctor→four women doctors
◆ 名词的格：the boy’s name the gate of the school
考点：Children’s Day Teachers’ Day
five minutes’ walk today’s newspaper
Lucy and Lily’s mother Tom’s and Jane’s heads
a friend of my sister’s a friend of mine
2. 代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词
◆ 不定代词:
① each/ every each of … every 三者或三者以上
② both/ all both(﹦2) all(≧3)
both→neither all→none
③ none/nothing nobody(none) none of...
--- How many students have been to the USA --- .
A. No one B. Nothing C. None D. Neither
④ other/others/theother/the others/another/else/more
one…the other… another two nothing else
ten more minutes﹦another ten minutes
▲ Would you like cup of coffee
▲ No one helped Millie. She did it all by __________.
A. myself B. herself C. himself D. yourself
▲ Shirley had to buy __________ these CDs because she didn’t know which one to take.
A. all B. none C. each D. both
▲ There’s ______ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the supermarket and get _____
A. little; some B. little; any C. few; some D. few; any
▲ ---Is this your bicycle, David
---No, it’s not . It’s Helen’s.
A. his B. yours C. mine D. hers
▲ ---Mum, may I have some cakes
---Sorry, there’s left in the box. I’ll go and buy some for you tonight.
A. nothing B. no one C. no D. none
▲---I don’t like watching TV. ---Me .(也 )
▲ of them knows French, so I have to ask a fourth person for help.
A .Neither B. Either C. Both D. None
3. 数词：基数词、序数词
考点：①序数词前要加the.
②序数词可以和a/ an. Here comes a fourth one.
③序数词修饰比较级和最高级.
Lucy is the taller of the twins.
Changjiang River is the third longest one of the world.
④分数: 1/5 one fifth 7/12 seven twelfths
3/4 three fourths/quarters
⑤时间表达.
2:10 two ten ten past two
3:30 three thirty half past three
4:50 four fifty ten to five
★ 1:58 two to two 4:55 five to five 9:50 ten to ten
▲ It is said that the gravity on Mars is only about __________ if the gravity on earth.
A. three-eighths B. third-eighth C. three-eights D. third-eight
▲ September is the (nine) month of the year.
▲ Her daughter sent her a beautiful flower on her birthday.(四十)
4. 介词和介词短语
① in on at ( 表时间)
on a cold morning on rainy days
on the evening of October 26th
② through(内部穿过) 与in相通 over(从上面穿过)
across(从表面穿过) 与on相通 past(从旁边穿过)
③ in on to （表方位）
in on to
④ over on above(上面)
over on above
under(下面) below(下面)
⑤ between(﹦2) among(≧3) (在……之间 )
⑥ after(过去) in(将来)( 在……之后)
--- will Mr Black be back to London
--- In two days.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far
⑦★against(反对) for(赞成)
against the law vote for
▲Audrey Hepburn was born in Belgium __________ 4th May 1929.
A. at B. in C. on D. from
▲ After class, I like playing computer games and chatting my friends the Internet.
A. to; by B. with; on C. for; in D. about; through
▲ It’s very nice for you to bring me the newspapers and magazines.
▲ There will be no space to stand in in the world.
▲ --- What would you like, milk or tea
--- No, thanks. I prefer coffee some sugar.
A. to B. in C. with D. by
5. 连词
① because（最强烈） since（说话双方都知道的理由）
as for ( 因为)
▲---Why didn’t you come to school yesterday
--- my mother was ill, I had to look after her.
▲ everyone is here, we’ll begin our class.
② although but because so
③★ when while as
▲ When/While/As I was jogging, I met a friend of mine.
▲ He was just falling asleep, when the telephone rang. (when强调正在……时)
▲ My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV.
▲ Liu Xiang is good at running while Yao Ming does well in playing basketball.
（while强调对比）
▲ He sang as he walked.（as连接两个短动作）
▲---Somebody is waiting outside. He wants to see you.
---_________ no one knows I’m here.
A. For B. And C. But D. So
▲ The dress fits me well, I don’t want to buy it because it’s too expensive.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
6. 7. 形容词、副词（比较级和最高级）
高频考点：
①形容词最高级前若有物主代词、序数词等修饰时，最高级前不加the.
He is my best friend.
②of之后若接两者，则比较前加the. I’ll catch the thicker of the tree.
③要注意比较的范围:
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.
④比较前的修饰词：much still even a little far….
⑤比较级＋and＋比较级: Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
⑥The more…, The more….
The harder you study, the more scores you’ll get.
⑦三个不再:
not……any longer (时间) I can’t wait any longer.
not……any more (次数) I don’t want to ask him any more.
not……any farther/further(距离)
I’m too tired to go any farther/further.
★ further(强调深度): for further study/information
⑧倍数：
Yangzhou is four times as large as my hometown.
Yangzhou is three times larger than my hometown.
⑨形容词连用的排序：
限 数 描述 外观 色 国 材 分词 名１ 名２
the first famous longold red French wooden writing apple tree
⑩形容词相似副词的区别：
hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不
wide 宽阔的 widely 广泛地
high 高高的 highly 高度地
late 迟的 lately 最近
near 接近的 neraly 几乎
▲ --Is your stomachache getting __________ ---No, it’s worse.
A. better B. bad C. less D. well
▲ ---I hate vegetables. I eat them.
---But they’re good for your health! You should often eat them.
A. seldom B. often C. usually D. always
▲ Susan is always the best in different exams in our class because she is a girl.
A. helpful B. polite C. proud D. hard-working
▲ We’ll try our best to do the work with money
and people.
A. few; little B. a few; a little C. less; fewer D. fewer; less
▲ Peter is much (tall ) than Kitty.
▲ You should listen to your teacher (careful) in class.
▲ Sandy was (happy) because she failed in the maths exam yesterday.
▲ --- What’re your boots like —It’s a pair of boots.
A. long leather brown B. white long leather
C. leather long white D. long brown leather
▲ ￥150,000 is a lot of money, but it’s than we need to pay for the new house.
A. very little B. very fewer C. far more D. far less
8. 冠词
▲ Millie has e-dog and its name is Hobo.
A. a B. an C. the D.不填
▲ Yesterday 11-year-old boy fell into the river. Luckily, the boy was saved by 110-year-old granny. .
A. a, a B. an; a C. an; an D. a; an
★ a useful book an unusual story
9. 动词：动词的基本形式、系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、助动词、情态动词
◆ 情态动词:
① can/could/may/might
--- I use your dictionary, Tom --- Of course, you .
A. Can; could B. Could; can C. Could; could D. Can; might
② be able to(时态丰富)/can
have to(强调客观)/must(强调主观)
Must I hand my papers now
Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.
don’t have to =needn’t
ought to (强调客观)/ should (强调主观)
ought not to
③ had better do sth./had better not do sth.
④ need do sth. need to do sth./doesn’t need to do sth.
⑤ dare do sth. dare to do sth./doesn’t dare to do sth.
▲ The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly (开玩笑地) called the World Wide Wait because it ________ be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
▲ ---Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao
---No, you . You may give it to me tomorrow.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. may not
▲ ---What a beautiful sweater! How much did you for it
---198 yuan.
A. take B. cost C. pay D. spend
▲ I would rather (stay) at home than go shopping with you.
▲ Kitty’s uncle has gone to Beijing twice.
▲ We don’t know what to solve these problems.
10. 时态：现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般讲来时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去进行时
表格一:
主语特征 存 在 行为动作
一般现在时 S+ am/is/are There is/are do/does
一般过去时 S+ was/were There was/were did
一般将来时 S+ will be There will be will do
过去将来时 S+ would be There would be would do
表格二:
结 构 特 征
现在进行时 S+ am/is/are+ doing
过去进行时 S+ was/were+ doing
现在完成时 S+ have/has+ done
过去完成时 S+ had+ done
表格三:
短暂性动词 延续性动词 短暂性动词 延续性动词
buy have become be
borrow keep finish be over
close be closed begin be on
leave be over get up be up
come be here join be a member of
▲---What will you do if it __________ tomorrow
---I’ll stay at home and watch the match on TV.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
▲---What’s wrong with your coat
---Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me __________ on it.
A. is sitting B. had sat C. sits D. was sitting
▲---Kitty, will you go to see the film, Cold Mountain this evening
---No, I won’t.. I it already.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
▲ I my homework while my parents TV last night.
A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watching
C. had done; were watching D. would do; were watching
▲ --How long have you bought this bike, John -- For two years.
11. 被动语态
◆ 构成:
被动语态结构 be+ done
一般现在时的被动语态 am/is are+ done
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+ done
一般将来时的被动语态 will+ be+ done
过去将来时的被动语态 would+ be+ done
现在完成时的被动语态 have/has+ been+ done
过去完成时的被动语态 had+ been+ done
现在进行时的被动语态 am/is/are+ being+ done
情态动词的被动语态 can/must/should…+ be+ done
◆ 常考句型:
① I gave Millie a book last week.
Millie was given a book last week by me.
A book was given to Millie last week by me. ( to是介词)
② I often hear the girl sing in the park.
The girl is often heard to sing in the park. ( to是不定式符号)
③ I saw her jogging just now.
She was seen jogging just now.
④ People are building many football fields in Beijing.
Many football fields are being built in Beijing.
⑤ We should speak to the elderly politely.
The elderly should be spoken to politely.
▲ The hero’s story __________ in Youth Daily.
A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported
▲ ---Do you know who designed the CD-ROM Around the World in Eight Hours
---Yes, It by Nancy Jackson.
A. has designed B. designed C. was designed D. designs
★★ 《中指》8B Unit 3 语法知识
重点掌握两种特殊情况的被动语态：
（1）含有使役动词、感官动词和help后接的不带to 的动词不定式改为被动语态时，要加上to。
（2）含有双宾语的情况改为被动语态时有两种改法。
特别注意happen (take place)及系动词feel, sound, taste, smell, look, have等没有被动语态的情况。
12.非谓语动词：动词不定式、动词的-ing 形式、动词的-ed形式
◆ 动词不定式功能:
① 作主语: To save money now seems impossible.
② 作宾语: Jim failed to pass this examination.
③ 作表语: My hobby is to read.
④ 作宾补: He made me move my car.
⑤ 作定语: Could I have something to eat
⑥ 作状语: They came to see us yesterday.
The boy is too young to go to school.
I’m sorry to hear that.
⑦不定式否定式: Mum asked me not to speak to strangers.
⑧不定式复合结构: I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
◆ 分词:
★ --ing分词 表进行或主动意义 a developing country a missing pen
--ed分词 表完成 或被动意义 a developed country two minutes left`
★ --ed分词 主语通常是人 bored tired surprised
--ing分词通常修饰物 boring tiring surprising
★ --ing动名词通常表进行 stop doing forget doing
--to 不定式表将来 stop to do forget to do
▲ The man (who is )standing under the tree is our headteacher.
▲ The songs (that are) sung by Han Hong are popular.
▲ Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad, energetic or sleepy.
A. to feel B. feeling C. felt D. feel
▲ .Please tell him don’t to be late for school.
▲ Mrs Jiang is good at （唱）English songs.
★★对教材中出现的非谓语动词的理解
▲ If you have any difficulty making decisions, please call me.
▲ The long walk organized last week is very interesting.
▲ The boy named Tom is new here.
▲ The teacher holding a book in his hand is talking to Li’s mother.
▲ Seen from the hill, my school looks very beautiful.
13. 构词法：合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写
14. 句子种类：陈述句（肯定式和否定式）、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）、祈使句、感叹句
◆ 反意疑问句:
① He never goes to the cinema, does he ( seldom, hardly, rarely, few, little 和 no….)
② He was unsuccessful in his business, wasn’t he (否定前缀视为肯定形式)
③ I don’t think she is fond of classical music, is she
He says they want to be teachers, doesn’t he
④ You must play the piano, needn’t you ( 有必要 )
You must pass the important driving test, mustn’t you ( 必须 )
⑤ My boss must be in the office now, isn’t he ( 推测)
She must have been to there before, hasn’t she ( 推测)
He must have known the accident yesterday, didn’t he ( 推测)
⑥ He daren’t go there by himself at night, dare he
We need to catch the early train, don’t we
⑦ Don’t whisper in class, will you
Stop smoking, will you
⑧ Let’s go camping, shall we
Let us have a rest, will you
◆ 祈使句:
Tom, ( not play) football in the street.
◆ 感叹句:
★★ what 是形容词故修饰名词 how是副词故修饰动词、形容词和副词.
▲ What an interesting story! = How interesting the story is!
▲ How time flies! How I wish I could fly to the moon!
▲ How far is it How far it is!
▲ What good information/news/work! What a heavy rain!
▲ good time they had yesterday!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
good a time they had yesterday!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
15. 句子成分：主语、谓语（主谓一致）、表语、宾语（直接宾语和间级宾语）、补语、定语、状语
▲ Daniel plays chess __________, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
▲ The life we were used to __________ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
16. 简单句的基本句型
主语＋系动词＋表语
主语＋不及物动词
主语＋及物动词＋宾语
主语＋及物动词＋间级宾语＋直接宾语
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
there be 句型
17. 并列复合句
18. 主从复合句：宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句
▲ ---I wonder __________. ---Zebras.
A. what do they call these animals B. how they call these animals
C. what they call these animals D. how do they call these animals
▲ --- Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the report
--- Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
定语从句属于《课表》中的5级要求。我市08中考教材进度要求至9A Unit 6。定语从句在教材9B的 Grammar 部份才出现。
19. 直接引语与间接引语
20. 省略
21. 倒装
22. 强调
23. 虚拟语气
听力技能
听力技能要求学生在理解信息的基础上，还要能够对信息进行判断、归纳、综合，有时还需要根据信息进行实际操作。中考一般不会在脱离语境的情况下单纯考查学生的语音识别和辨别能力。听力考查时，大多选用口语材料。
掌握十大实战技巧 突破中考听力试题
一、沉着冷静备考， 聚精会神应试
二、超前浏览试题， 抢先一步预测
三、抓住关键信息， 领略主旨大意
四、弄清动词世态， 确定先后时间
五、明确情节背景， 准确推断地点
六、听清关键数字， 进行科学计算
七、判断职业身份， 明确人物关系
八、了解对话目的， 确定讲话意图
九、了解本质内容， 领悟言外之意
十、宏观把握内容， 善于整体思维
阅读技能
着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁的书面材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。由于承载信息的媒介日益多样化，阅读技能已经不局限于对文字的理解能力，因此，常常出现考查学生从图表等视觉材料中获取信息能力的内容，如阅读广告、告示、说明书、指令等。阅读理解部分一般不专门考查语言知识内容。
★ ★ 中考英语阅读理解解题方法:
中考英语阅读理解题要求考生既能掌握阅读材料的主旨大意, 又能掌握主旨大意的事实细节; 既能理解具体事实, 又能理解抽象概念; 既能理解字面意思, 又能理解深层含义。中考英语阅读理解常常设置综合归纳题、语境句意判断题、标题判断和语境词义判断题。
解法一: 用概括归纳法解归纳综合题。
解法二: 用语境句意推断法解语境句意判断题。
解法三: 用直接查找法解答细节理解题。
解法四: 用逻辑推断法解推理判断题。
解法五: 用标题判断三原则解标题判断题。
解法六: 用语境词义推断法解语境词义判断题。
写的技能
书面表达是指以书面的形式进行信息沟通、再现生活经历、描述周围事物、发表意见和观点的能力。写的技能考试着重考查学生以书面形式表达真实意义或传递信息的能力，因此，书面表达常常是与同学们学习、生活有关的内容。一般情况，中考书面表达都是半控制式的写作，最常出现的形式有：文字提示、图表提示和文字图表共同提示等。
范文1: 随着 “ 嫦娥探月” 之后有关月球的图片越来越多, 人们对月球的了解也在逐步加深。同学们对科学, 特别是太空科学越来越感兴趣。 请根据所给图片, 写一篇短文, 介绍 Chang’e—Ⅰ, 并就将来能为航空事业做出贡献, 谈一谈自己的打算。
要求：
1. 短文应包含所有图片的内容；2. 词数100左右,开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Chang’e—Ⅰ satellite was sent up into space
Chang’e—Ⅰ satellite was sent up into space on October 24, 2007 by China. Now it is traveling around the moon in space. The scientists are busy sending and receiving messages. They have received 3-D pictures of the moon. Those pictures help people learn much about the moon.
I want to be a space scientist when I grow up. I want to try my best to do the space research. From now on, I should work hard at our lessons. I’ll try to learn science lessons, such as Maths, Physics, Chemistry and Biology better. I’ll also learn English well so that I could learn science from other countries. I think I’ll be successful.
范文2: 北京阳光中学的学生将要举行一场慈善义演, 为四川地震灾区的人们捐款, 帮他们重建家园, 恢复生产, 帮助失学孩子继续上学……。学生们想写一篇演讲稿，希望更多的人们来帮助他们。根据内容提示写一篇100词左右的短文。
（1）义演名称：Love for All。
（2）义演时间：周六晚6：30至9：00。
（3）义演地点：学校礼堂。
（4）义演票价：每张10元。
（5）义演内容： 唱歌、舞蹈和诗歌朗诵等。
2008中考英语阅读命题预测 科技奥运成热点
近年来,中考英语阅读理解涉及政治,经济,历史,地理,文化,教育,新闻报道,人物故事,科技信息,海外风情等多方面题材.《新课标》对中考英语阅读理解题型做了具体要求,其中一条就是能阅读一般的英文报刊材料,获取主要信息,了解当代发生的重大事件,包括科技,文化,环保等方面.因此,2008年中考新闻报道类阅读理解必将成为热点.
【预测热点一】科技类
"嫦娥一号"的成功发射显示了中国科技的飞速发展,这无疑是各大报纸,杂志报道的热点,更是中考命题者命题的热点.
【解题技巧】
主要题型为词义猜测题和语义理解题.这类题考查同学们对英语文章中生词的解释意义,代词的指代意义或短语和句子的含义.常见的提问方式有:What does the word/phrase"…"in Paragraph…mean
【例题剖析】
根据"嫦娥一号"新闻报道,选出正确的答案.
China to Launch 1st Lunar Probe Chang'e I This Year
China says the launch of its first lunar probe Chang'e I is just around the corner. Chinese scientists made the announcement on Wednesday, saying the satellite would be launched in the second half of this year.
Since China announced the project in 2004, the country's first lunar exploration project has drawn world-wide attention. Now, China's space scientists say the satellite is ready for lift off.
Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist, China's lunar exploration project, said,"Preparations for the satellite, rocket, ground control and data reception are ready for the exploration. We will be able to launch the probe the second half of this year."
The probe's operational orbit has already been decided on. Chang'e I is scheduled to enter the moon's orbit after a nearly 400 000-kilometer journey in space. And a committee of over 100 space experts has also been established for the project. The scientists have agreed to share the data sent back by Chang'e I on the lunar environment.
Ouyang Ziyuan said,"We will make a 3D map of the moon and research the distribution of lunar elements, lunar soil thickness and the moon's surface environment."
Ouyang Ziyuan says Chang'e I will be carried by a Long March A3 carrier rocket for its launch. This is scheduled to take place at the Xi'Chang Satellite Launch Center.
1. What does the underlined words"around the corner"in the first paragraph mean
A. in the corner
B. on the way
C. in the way
D. at the corner
2. When did China announce the project
A. In the second half of this year.
B. In 2004.
C. In the first half of this year.
D. In 2008.
3. How long will Chang'e I travel before it enters the moon's orbit
A. 300 000 kilometers.
B. 400 000 meters.
C. 400 000 000 meters.
D. 5 000 000 kilometers.
4. What will Chang'e I do in space
A. It will just circle around the moon.
B. It will make a 2D map of the moon and research the distribution of lunar elements.
C. It will send the TV signals to make our life more colorful.
D. It will make a 3D map of the moon and do some research about the moon.
5. Which one is TRUE
A. The committee is made up of less than 100 space experts.
B. It is scheduled to launch at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
C. The data sent back by Chang'e I will be shared by the scientists.
D. Chang'e I will be carried by a Long March B3 carrier rocket for its launch.【分析】
1.答案为B.根据第一段最后一句话可知"嫦娥一号"即将发射.
2.答案为B.时间细节的考查,从第二段第一句话可知答案.
3.答案为C.从第四段第二行可知答案.
4.答案为D.从第五段第一行可知答案.
5.答案为C.细节考查,纵观全文,可知答案.
【预测热点二】奥运专题类
2008年8月,第29届奥运会将在北京隆重举行,如何将本届奥运会办成有中国特色的奥运会将是全世界关注的焦点.作为一名中中生,应该多了解和接触有关奥运会的英文材料.
【解题技巧】
主要题型为主旨大意题.这类题考查同学们对文章中心思想,段落大意的归纳,总结及概括能力.归纳文章主题时,选项的内涵和外延要恰如其分地概括文章主题.常见的提问方式有:What is the main idea of this passage 【例题剖析】
Beijing to Hold Olympic Cultural Activities
Beijing Olympic organizers say the city will hold a variety of Olympic cultural activities between June and September. This is an attempt to provide an opportunity for both domestic and overseas tourists to experience the combination of Olympic and Chinese cultures.
The officials released schedule of the activities at a coordination meeting Thursday.
Zhao Dongming is with the Beijing Olympic organizing Committee. He said cultural activities are an important part of the sporting event.
"The Olympic Games is a big international stage. It provides a broad platform to showcase the diversified cultures in China and across the world through various cultural activities. It promotes understanding of China and Beijing."
Officials say the Olympic Cultural Square Program will be the core part of the city Olympic cultural activities. Over 100 squares in Beijing will be used as platforms for cultural shows and activities in the summer.
Other cities, including Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tianjin will also have a variety of cultural activities in the run up to the Olympic Games.
1. What is the main idea of this passage
A. 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.
B. It shows us the importance of holding Olympic Games in China.
C. Chinese people hold Cultural Activities in honor of Olympic Games.
D. Chinese government tries to improve the transportation in the run up to the Olympic Games.
2. Which city will not have a variety of cultural activities in the run up to the Olympic Games
A. Chongqing B. Beijing
C. Tianjing D. Hong Kong
3. What is the cultural magnificence of holding 2008 Olympic Games
A. It can help Chinese to make a lot of money.
B. It will provide a broad platform to showcase the highly-developing economy in China and across the world.
C. This is an attempt to provide an opportunity for both domestic and overseas tourists to experience the combination of Olympic and Chinese tourism.
D. It will let people all over the word have a chance to experience Chinese various cultures.
【分析】
1.答案为C.新闻报道类的概括大意一定要注意对标题的理解和掌握.
2.答案为A.从第六段可得出天津,香港和北京都有文化活动,只有重庆没有.
3.答案为D.从文章的标题和第一段的最后一句话可知答案.
【预测热点三】对生活有重大影响类
中考阅读理解的题材应该来源于生活而又中于生活.因此,人们日常生活谈论的焦点话题也应在试题中得到适当反映,而房价则是近年来最热门的话题.
【解题技巧】
主要题型为观点态度题.这类题考查同学们对文章中观点,感情,态度,目的,意图的理解.同学们要从文章的用词,语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度,观点等.常见提问的方式有:What is the opinion of the writer in this passage
【例题剖析】
China's Housing Prices to Keep on Rising in 2008
BEIJING, Jan. 11th(Xinhua),a report by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)predicted that housing prices in China would keep on rising this year and the increase rate would roughly equal that of 2007.
The sale of residential buildings this year would hit 697.99 million square meters, up 2.24 percent year on year, according to the report on the prospects of the Chinese economy in 2008 released on Friday by the CAS forecasting center.
The real estate market would maintain a"good momentum,"and investment in the property sector would reach 2.54 trillion yuan(about 347.5 billion yuan), the report said.
The total floor space of"completed"buildings would drop 8.2 percent to 1.9 billion square meters in 2008, leading to a further dwindling of the housing supply, said the report, noting that the imbalance between supply and demand would be aggravated.
From January to November of 2007, housing prices in 70 major Chinese cities jumped 7.3 percent year on year. Housing prices were up at a rate of 7.3 percent in November alone, a report by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)showed.
The November rate was the highest monthly gain since July 2005 when the monthly housing price survey was started.
1. What is the opinion of the writer in this passage
A. The writer thinks the prices of houses will go down.
B. The writer thinks the prices of houses will go up.
C. The writer thinks the prices of houses will keep stable.
D. The writer just reports the facts and data objectively.
2. How many square meters of residential buildings were sold in 2007
A. 697.99 million square meters.
B. 347.5 million square meters.
C. About 683 million squaremeters.
D. It hasn't been mentioned.
3. What was the highest monthly gain since July 2005
A. 2.24 percent.
B. 7.4 percent.
C. 7.3 percent.D. 8.2 percent.【分析】
1.答案为D.新闻报道要求客观报道事实.
2.答案为C.从第二自然段第一,二句,通过运算可知答案.
3.答案为C.从第五段的最后一句话和最后一段的第一句话可以推出答案
【小贴士】新闻报道类阅读理解小窍门
1.词汇是语言的重要组成部分,是进行阅读的基础.
2.要紧紧抓住新闻标题和文中小标题进行理解.
3.要重视对文章第一段的理解.
4.要重视对每个段落的第一句话或最后一句话的理解.
5.要重视对文章中长句,难句的理解.
2008中考英语押题大揭秘
近年来中考英语试题一个突出的特点就是体现了浓厚的时代气息，紧密联系社会热点和同学们的生活实际。下面就这类有关创新能力的中考试题做简单解析，以备同学们更好地应对今年的中考。
预测一 关注环境保护，增强环境意识
1. We believe scientists will ______ a way to solve the problem of air pollution.
A. set off B. put off
C. come up with D. catch up with
【解析】 此题的句意是“我们相信科学家们将会想出解决空气污染的办法”。选项A是“出发”，B是“拖延、延期”，C是“想出、发现”，D是“赶上”。
预测二 增强识图能力，注意联系生活实际
2. Which is the following is NOT a traffic sign（交通标志）
A. HYPERLINK "http://blog./showpic.html" \l "url=http://static9./orignal/4bcd4c091ddc4fc03ba08" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://static9./orignal/4bcd4c091ddc4fc03ba08" \* MERGEFORMATINET B. HYPERLINK "http://blog./showpic.html" \l "url=http://static9./orignal/4bcd4c0908a119ea28e28" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://static9./orignal/4bcd4c0908a119ea28e28" \* MERGEFORMATINET C. HYPERLINK "http://blog./showpic.html" \l "url=http://static15./orignal/4bcd4c09424673f04ae2e" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://static15./orignal/4bcd4c09424673f04ae2e" \* MERGEFORMATINET D. HYPERLINK "http://blog./showpic.html" \l "url=http://static16./orignal/4bcd4c098f2a846d7577f" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://static16./orignal/4bcd4c098f2a846d7577f" \* MERGEFORMATINET
【解析】 此题考查的是交通标志与其他标志的区别。这就要求我们在平时多注意公共场所的各种图示标志。
预测三 渗透学科整合，注意学科内在联系
3. （用所给词的适当形式填空）The Yellow River, the world’s _____ （five）longest river, has a serious problem now.
【解析】 此题考查到了地理知识，黄河是世界上第五条大河。地理知识是每个同学应该掌握的内容，这也是素质教育的要求。
预测四 关注奥运，激发爱国之情
4. Which of the following information is NOT true
A. The 1996 Olympic Games was held in America.
B. The 27th Olympic Games was held in Europe.
C. Beijing is getting ready for the 29th Olympic Games.
【解析】 第26届奥运会1996年在美国举行，第29届奥运会在北京举办，这两条信息是真实的。第27届奥运会在悉尼举行，悉尼是澳大利亚的城市，不属于欧洲。
5. _______ 8:00 of August 8, 2008, Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games.
A. At B. In C. On D. By
【解析】 此题考查了奥运会的有关知识。即2008奥运会开幕式的时间；又考查了在钟点前介词的应用。
预测五 把握时代脉搏，注重时事热点
6. —What do you think of Fuwa（福娃） for the 2008 Olympic Games
—I love them. They’re ________.
A. generous B. creative
C. excite D. personal
【解析】 “福娃”作为第29届奥运会吉祥物的标志，是有新的创意的。从奥运会开办以来，吉祥物通常为一个或两个，只有第29届奥运会“五个福娃”合为一体，象征着“北京欢迎您”。
7. Ren Changxia, a policewoman, was always very busy. She has little time to spend ______her family.
A. about B. on C. with D. in
【解析】 此题考察了我们熟知的人民好警察任长霞一心为公，全心全意为人民服务的事迹。把这样具有深远影响的人物事迹放在考题里，具有很强的教育意义。
预测六 考察中西文化差异
8. —Sam hurt his leg yesterday. Now he is in hospital.
—_________.
A. That’s all
B. That’s all right
C. I hope you’ll feel better soon
D. I’m sorry to hear that
【解析】 当听到对方不好的消息时说“I’m sorry to hear that.”“What a pity.”“Bad luck.”等表示安慰的话。千万不要按汉语习惯说“不要紧”“小心点”或“不严重”之类的话。
（Keys: 1. C 2. A 3. fifth 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D）
猜想试题:
1. The 2007 Special Olympic Games will be held in _______.
A. Guangzhou B. Shanghai
C. Shenyang D. Beijing
2. Taiwan is _____ island of China. I hope to visit soon.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
3. In many countries, teenagers under 18 should not _______ to enter Internet bars.
A. allow B. be allowed
C. is allowing D. are allowed
4. In western countries _______ is the most important festival, just like Spring Festival in China.
A. Christmas Day B. Mother’s Day
C. Thanksgiving Day D. Children’s Day
5. Mount Qomolangma, “the roof of the world”, is as ___as 8848.13 meters.
A. tall B. taller C. high D. higher
6. We need trees because they _____ CO2 , and let out O2.
A. take off B. take in C. take out D. take away
7. —What do you know about the world’s population
—I know China and _____ are the countries that have populations of more than one billion.
A. Japan B. Russia C. America D. India
8. September the ___ is Teachers’ Day. Let’s make some cards for our teachers.
A. ten B. tenth C. nine D. ninth
9. Liu Xiang is a super star, _____ he
A. Is B. is not C. isn’t D. doesn’t
10. —It’s so hot. Let’s go swimming.
—_____________.
A. Don’t say so that B. You’re welcome
C. That’s nothing D. It’s a good idea
（Keys：1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D）
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