(共22张PPT)
课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 5
Reading＆Writing
广东 刘超英
Pharaoh Tutankhamun was the most famous of all pharaohs but very unimportant as a ruler as his rule was so short. He ruled for about 8 or 9 years from 1334 to 1325 BC. So we know more about him after his death than we do
Reading Task (P82)
NOTE: Pharaoh Tutankhamun
about his rule when he was alive.
The Egyptians believed in life after death. So they got all the goods they wanted to have with them in the next life buried in their tomb. The richer the person, the greater the number of goods. As Tutankhamun was a pharaoh, his tomb was filled with many wonderful treasures.
It also contained statues of gods that would protect his tomb from evil spirits or thieves who might steal his treasures. The walls of the tomb, too, were covered with spells to preserve the pharaoh till he got safely to the Hall of Judgement. In the same way his body inside its three coffins was protected by four goddesses of the dead.
By the tomb was a box containing four jars. They held the internal organs of the dead pharaoh, which were removed when he was turned into a mummy. First his brain was taken out of his head through his nose. Then his organs were removed and put into the jars. Only
his heart was left inside the body. Finally his body was covered in a special salt and left for forty days to “dry”. After this time the body was a mummy and was ready to be wrapped up and buried.
As well as the body there were instructions in the coffin on how to make the journey to the afterlife.
Answer key for Exercise1
Object Material Colour Decoration
Boxes Beautifully painted
Two statues
/
Black
Wearing gold shoes and carrying royal insignia
Chairs
Gold
Golden
With heads of animals and gods
/
/
Flowers
/
/
/
Vases
/
/
With beautiful flower designs
Boxes
/
Black
/
Chests
/
White
/
Seat
/
Golden
/
Cart
Gold
Golden
/
1. How did they know whose tomb it was
They read his name on a black box.
2. Why do you think they thought these things came from another civilization
Because they were so strange and wonderful---more wonderful than
anyone could imagine.
Answer key for Exercise 2
3. Why did Carter get excited when he noticed the door to the tomb was still fastened
Because it meant that the tomb had not been opened by thieves.
1. I would have to lock the tomb securely so that thieves could not steal the finds.
2. I would have to lock the tomb securely so that the sunlight and temperature would not affect the finds in the tomb. Otherwise the finds may be spoiled.
Suggested answers to Exercise 3
3. I would have to lock the tomb securely so that I could record all the finds carefully, and I would not want any of the finds to be moved.
Look at the pictures on P85 and discuss the questions below them.
The order should be BAC.
The earliest pyramid is B, which is called step pyramid. It was built during the Third Dynasty (2800 BC). Step pyramid is generally considered the
Writing
first tomb in Egypt to be built entirely of stone anywhere in the world.
The second is A. It was built in about 2,550 B. C., King Khufu, the second pharaoh of the fourth dynasty, commissioned the building of his tomb at Giza. According to archaeologists, the top of the Khufu pyramid is in a
way ripped off, which is in common with the first picture. Then the third one is the third picture. It is called bent pyramid, which was built for Khafre, the fourth pharaoh of the fourth dynasty. The bent pyramid at Dahshur shows us that the ancient Egyptians experimented a lot with the slope of the pyramids. In the middle of construction
the builders must have decided that the slope of the building was too steep to continue. Thus, the top half of the pyramid has a different slope.
The pyramid had sloping sides so that the dead pharaoh could climb to the sky and live forever.
The pyramid represented the rays of the sun.
I think the chronological order of bulling the pyramids is B-A-C. The earliest pyramid is B, which is called step pyramid. It was built during the Third Dynasty (2800 B.C.). Step pyramid is generally considered the first tomb in Egypt to be built entirely of stone. The second is
A sample version:
A. It was built about 2,550 BC, King Khufu, the second pharaoh of the fourth dynasty, commissioned the building of his tomb at Giza. Then the third one is C. It is called bent pyramid, which was built for Khafre, the fourth pharaoh of the fourth dynasty. The bent pyramid at
Dahshur shows us that the ancient Egyptians experimented a lot with the slope of the pyramids. In the middle of construction the builders must have decided that the slope of the building was too steep to continue. Thus, the top half of the pyramid has a different slope.
All the three pyramids come to a point at the top. As its name suggests, step pyramid is a series of six levels of stone decreasing in size as they ascend to about 200 feet (60 meters) in height. Egyptologists have developed many theories about why the tombs of the early pharaohs were built in the pyramid
shape. Variable reasons are possible: the pyramid represented the first land to appear at the beginning of time --- a hill called Ben-Ben, the pyramid had sloping sides so that the dead pharaoh could symbolically climb to the sky and live forever and the pyramid represented the rays of the sun．(共58张PPT)
课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 5
Reading
广东 刘超英
What is it
Pre-reading
Possible answer
Zhoukoudian is a relic of primitive culture, 48 kilometers southwest of downtown Beijing, where Longgushan (dragon skeleton mountain) is standing. Several decades ago, local farmers
Tell what you have known about Zhoukoudian Caves.
mined lime-stone in Zhoukoudian, came upon some bone fossils and called them “the Dragon Bones”. Zhoukoudian became known as “Dragon Bone Mountain”. Drugstores purchased the bones as a medical ingredient. The news about the “magic bones” drew attention of scientists.
In 1929 these lime-stone caves became world famous with the discovery of a skull and two teeth dating back 200,000 to 500,000 years. They were named Peking Man. But the fossils were lost during World War II. Many of the implements used by those early
humans, and bones of animals they hunted are on display at a museum near the site of the discovery.
With the steadily increased number of visitors from all over the world, Zhoukoudian has become a scenic spot of Beijing. Now read the dialogue aloud please.
Tell the 3 stages of the archaeologist’s part of the dialogue.
Skimming
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Life in the cave
What we can learn from a needle
What we can learn from a necklace
Read the text again and get the main idea of the dialogue and then write down the three ways in which the life of early people differs from modern ones.
Scanning
Homes
Tools
Dress
Peking man lived in Zhoukoudian Caves of rocks and trees, perhaps with skins to keep out the cold
They used needle that was made of bone, sharpened stone tools and scraper made by stones.
They wore clothes from animal skins and they also wore necklace made from seashells or animal teeth.
1. How did they keep warm
2. What animals were their most dangerous enemies
3. How did they make clothes
4. What can we learn from the necklace they wore
Careful reading
Answer the following questions after a careful reading.
1. They constructed the fires in the center of the caves to keep them warm. They might have kept fires burning all winter. They hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold.
2. Tigers and bears were their most dangerous enemies.
Possible answers:
3. Their clothes were made from animal skins. They used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin. Then smaller scrapers were used to clean the fat and meat from them. They had to rub an ample amount of salt inside the skin to make it soft enough. Finally, they would have
cut it and sewn the pieces together with needles made of animal bones.
4. Some of the necklace beads were made of animal bones but some were made of shells, which tell us that all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Perhaps there was trade between
early people or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.
Compare modern people and Peking man, and finish the following form.
Modern people Peking Man Accuracy
Place for living
Stone, wooden or brick house.
Cave
Very accurate
Modern people Peking Man Accuracy
Furn-
iture
Beautiful furniture with lots of ornaments mostly made of wood or other special materials.
Natural furniture made of stone or wood.
Accurate
Modern people Peking Man Accuracy
Enterta-
inment
Watching TV, surfing the Internet and traveling.
Enjoy the nature or family get-together.
Inaccurate
Modern people Peking Man Accuracy
Food
Fruit, vegetables, meat and fish, etc.
Natural food, such as nuts and fruits.
Accurate
Modern people Peking Man Accuracy
Clothing
Natural and man-made fibres.
Clothes made from animal skins, leaves
Accurate
1. alternative n．
something that you can choose to do or use instead of something else 替换物
There are some alternatives to our plan.
有几种方案可以代替我们的计划。
Explanation
2. You must be aware that it's here that we've found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
想必你们知道, 正是在这儿我们找到 了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。
He had no alternative but to go there alone.
他别无选择, 只好一个人去那儿。
a. You must be aware that…主句后接由强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。
must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测, 译作“一 定, 肯定”。只用于肯定推测。 对现在或将来事实推测，用 “must do”。
You must be hungry after a long walk．
走了很长的路, 你一定很饿。
对正发生或进行的事进行推测, 用“must be doing”。
The light is on. He must be doing his homework now．
灯亮着, 他一定正在做作业。
对过去的事进行推测, 用“must have done”。
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的, 昨晚一定下雨了。
此时, 应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句中有表示过去的时间状语, 反意疑问句用“didn’t+主语”; 如果句中无表示过去的时间状语, 反义疑问句用 “haven’t/hasn’t+主语”。
He must have arrived here last night, didn’t he
他一定昨晚就来这儿了, 不是吗
He must have arrived here, hasn’t he
他一定来这儿了, 不是吗
b. aware adj．意识到的, 知道的。通常用作表语。
We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered．
我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭绝的危险。
be aware of sth. 知道；意识到
Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking, they won't given up.
c. it’s here that we’ve… 是强调句,其基本句式是It is (was)+被强调部分+that (who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。
It was your mother whom I met in the street．
我在街上碰到的是你的母亲。
It was in the street that I met your mother.
我是在街上碰到你母亲的。
It was she who had been wrong.
错的是她。
It is what you do rather than what you say ___ matters. (2005天津高考)
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. this
本题强调主语, 此时应用that来引导。
d. “Who lived in this part of the world”是定语从句修饰先行词 people。people在定语从句作主语, 故用关系代词who来引导定语从句。
3. I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here
很抱歉打扰你, 我想问问他们是怎么在这里生活的？
句型“I’m sorry...but...”是口语中委婉的表达, “but”表示语义上的转折。
— Are you free this weekend
— I’m sorry, but l have lots of work
to do．
--- 周末有空吗
--- 对不起, 我有大量的事要做。
2) 打岔; 插嘴
It is rude to interrupt.
“Don’t interrupt,” he said.
1)阻断, 中断
His studies were interrupted by the war．
Don’t interrupt him, for he hasn’t finished yet.
interrupt v. 打扰，打断，阻碍。常有 “使……停止(中断)”的意思。 His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. disturb v. 打扰, 妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。 Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.
区别: interrupt 和disturb
4. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and ornaments. 我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类的骨头以及工具和装饰品。
as well as
1) conj. as well as 可以用来连接两个相同的成分, 如名词, 形容词, 动词, 介词, 通常不位于句首。意为“不但......而且”。
2) prep. 相当于besides, in addition to， 意为“除......之外”, 后面通常接名词或动词。
As well as eating five course meals, they drank two bottles of wine.
She sings as well as playing the piano.
Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.
5. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold．
因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里。
regardless of the cold 不顾寒冷
assume vt.
1) to think that something is true
although you have no proof of it 假定：
设想
The scientists assume that there are
no animals on the moon．
科学家设想月球上没有动物。
2) to pretend 装作
She assumed a look of surprise．
她装出一副吃惊的样子。
6. regardless of prep.
1) without being affected by different
situations, problems, etc. 不管; 不顾
He climbed the building,
regardless of the danger．
不管有多危险, 他还是爬上了大厦。
2) in spite of
We will persevere regardless of past failures.
尽管以前我们失败过, 但仍要坚持下去。
7. cut up:
The worker cut up the wood.
工人将木头劈碎。
cut something into small pieces 切碎
8. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild animals away as well.
他们用这火取暖、做饭, 还能用火吓跑野兽。
1) would 表示猜测, 译为“想必……”、“肯定会……”。
2) keep them warm为keep+宾语+宾语补足语的结构意为 “使......处于某种状态（情况）”。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。
He kept me waiting for half an hour.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
9. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.
我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰, 几乎有六米厚, 这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。
a. “have been excavating”是现在完成进行时, 表示从过去开始一直延续到现在, 强调动作的继续。
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it．
我已经找了三天我丢的书, 但仍没找到。
b. 句中 “ which” 用来引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为其前的句子。
c. suggest vt. to make evident indirectly; imply 意为“暗示, 意味, 表明”
Her pale face suggests that she was ill.
她苍白的脸色表明她病了。
The handwriting of the letter suggests that the letter might be from a lady．
从书信的字体上看, 写信人是一位女性。
A silence that suggested disapproval.
沉默暗示着反对。
His face suggest she is happy now．
从他脸上能看出他现在很幸福。
His bad manners suggest a lack of family education．
他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。
但当suggest作“建议”讲时, 其用法为:
(+doing)
I suggest her going home at once．
我建议她马上回家。
+(that)… should do…
I suggested (that) she (should) go home at once．
我建议她要马上回家。
---How do you ___we go to Beijing for our holidays
---I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. (2004福建高考)
A. insist B. want
C. suppose D. suggest
A: 你姐姐上哪儿去了 聚会时我没见到她。
B: 她可能和朋友游泳去了。
d. might have done
A: Where was your sister I didn't see her at the party．
B: She might have gone swimming
with some friends．
10. Yes and so well preserved．
……还保存得如此完好。
这是省略的句子, 完整句应是: …and it is so well preserved (it指necklace)
11. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have been specifically showing us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake．
确实, 正如植物学分析具体显示给我们的那样, 附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖的一部分。
a. as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如 —— 那样”。
As the proverb goes, “The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheep’s clothing.”
正如谚语所说的那样, 伪装的敌人就像是披着羊皮的狼。
b. part 前无 adj. 修饰时为不可数名词, 前面不用冠词；其前有adj. 修饰时为可数名词，要用冠词。
The blues has been part of African American culture since then and it is still an important part of American culture．
自从那以后布鲁斯就已经是非美文化的一部分, 而且现在仍是美国文化的重要部分。
12. Undoubtedly there were fish swimming in it.
毫无疑问, 湖里当时是有鱼的。
undoubtedly
= it is true that...,
it is undoubted that....
Do you think it is important for us to know about them Why
Zhoukoudian Caves were formally inscribed (记入) on the “World Heritage List” in December 1987 at the eleventh session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The inscription
Summary
of the Peking Man Site on the World Heritage List confirms the exceptional and universal value of the cultural site, which requires protection for the benefit of all humanity. The site is therefore not only of China, but also of the world as a whole.
1) Go over the text.
2) Write a brief introduction to the Zhoukoudian Caves.
3) Preview “the present perfect continuous tense”.
Homework(共31张PPT)
课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 5
Listening
﹠ Speaking
广东 刘超英
Try to identify these objects (P37). Discuss what they may have been made of and explain their use. Think of the alternatives we would use today
Lead-in
Its name What it was
made of Its use Today's alternatives
1.
2.
clay
lamp
Chinese chimes
clay/
pottery
to light
the house
electric
light
metal, possibly bronze or brass
to provide music
xylophone
Its name What it was
made of Its use Today's alternatives
3.
stone/ jade axe
stone/ jade
to chop wood
chain saw
Its name What it was
made of Its use Today's alternatives
4.
death mask
gold
to cover the face of the pharaoh after his death
none
Look at the following beautiful pictures. They were found during an excavation in the Sanxingdui Ruins and than watch the movie.
Speaking
三星堆----人类文明的奇观
发现：三星堆遗址最早发现于1929年春天。偶然的机缘，广汉中兴场（今南兴镇）月亮湾一燕氏农民在挖水沟的时候，不经意间发现了一块色彩斑澜的玉石。殊不知，一扇古蜀历史的大门因之而悄然洞开，沉睡了数千年的远古王国初露端倪，挖出的石壁、玉环、玉瑗、玉璋等珍贵文物达400余件。 “广汉玉器”从此声名鹊起，引起了文博界极大关注。
华西大学（今四川大学）博物馆教授葛维汉（美籍）及助手林名均于1933年底带领考古队进驻月亮湾，取得了大量的考古资料和文物标本。这些文物标本在很长的一段时间里, 被称为 “广汉文化遗物”。
发掘:1933年的发掘是三星堆遗址历史上第一次正式发掘，自此引发了半个世纪的三星堆遗址考古。以后的几十年里，几代考古学人相继在这块土地上不懈地耕耘探索，取得了丰硕的成果。
东、西、南三面城墙的确认，大型宫殿遗址的发掘清理以及数以万计文物的出土，尤其是1986年7月至9月间，两个大型祭祀坑的相继发现，上千件文物精品洋洋洒洒地横空出世，震惊了全国轰动了全世界。
根据半个多世纪以来考古调查发掘资料的汇集，可将三星堆遗址的文化层次分为新石器时代和夏、商、周四个大的时代。在这四个时代中，小平底陶罐、圈足陶豆、高柄豆等典型器物在不同时期的形制，
基本上反映出这一文化连续发展的关系及连贯性。
大型青铜立人像、纵目人面像、八鸟四牛尊、金杖、戴金面罩青铜人头像、青铜神树等。三星堆文物作为罕见的、集群展现的人类上古史奇珍，有许多器物是世界上独一无二的。 三星堆青铜器每一件都有其独特之处，其光怪陆离、奇异诡谲的造型不愧是稀世之珍。
bronze sacred tree
bronze animal-face image
bird-shaped ornament
pottery pot
wall painting
Speaking Task on P84
These wall paintings are from the tomb of a nobleman named Nebamun. Nebamun’s tomb was built around 1400 B.C. near the town of Thebes(底比斯, 埃及的古都).
In pairs, discuss what you can find from the wall painting and fill in the chart below.
Evidence from the wall painting
Food
Arrangements for the meal
Fish, meat, vegetables and fruit
Chairs but no tables; food is served; entertainment at the same time as the meal
Evidence from the wall painting
Clothes
Hygiene
Guests wear long floating dresses with large decorated collars; servants and dancers wear very little
Servants wash hands of the guests before serving the food
Evidence from the wall painting
Entertainment
People
Dancers
Guests: women
Servants: men
Dancers: girls
S1: Now let's see. There seem to be several people sitting down and some others looking like servants coming to bring the meal to them.
S2: Yes and isn't it interesting that all the people sitting down are women I wonder what they're eating.
Sample dialogue
S1: Well, there's fish and meat (with the head of that bull) and some fruit and vegetables.
S2: It seems as if the servants bring the food while the guests sit on comfortable chairs, but there don't seem to be any tables.
S1: Do you think that's comfortable Well, at least their clothes are cool-- nice long floating dresses with large decorated collars.
S2: But not everyone is wearing that. Look! The dancers and the servants are wearing much less.
S1: So they are. They seem to be clean though. There is a servant bringing a cloth to wash their hands. And one of the women (the one on the right) has a strange pot on her head.
S2: Yes, it is. Do you see the dancers They are the entertainment.
S1: Yes, but the women are not looking at them.
S2: Yes, another strange thing is that all the guests and the dancers are women but the servants are men.
S1: Well, we seem to have discussed everything, so shall we fill in the chart
选择括号中动词的适当时态和语态填空：
The archaeological remains discovered at Sanxingdui ____________ (recognize ) as one of the most important finds of the twentieth century. They were first discovered by a farmer in 1929 while he ____________ (plough) his fields and excavation ____________
are recognized
was ploughing
has continued
(continue) ever since. As the years have passed, this culture _________________ (uncover) gradually. It _______________ (amaze) archaeologists by its vast size and richness of its cultural finds.
The Sanxingdui finds are exciting but they ______ (remain) enigmatic. No texts ______________ (find), nor is there any
has been uncovered
has been amazing
remain
have been found
mention of this culture in the records of other countries, so further work needs _________ (do). An analysis of the lead and other elements in the bronzes ___________ (indicate) sources similar to those of other cultures. We _____ (hope) then that this unique culture will no longer remain a mystery and the
to be done
will indicate
hope
people who ________ (produce) such wonderful artifacts _______________ (become) more familiar to us.
produced
will have become
Find some information about Zhoukoudian Caves.
Homework(共44张PPT)
课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 5
Listening and Reading
广东 刘超英
1. Listen to the tape and write down the main idea of their dialogue:
The main idea is that there are two problems that archaeologists are trying to solve. They are to do with the preservation of the Terracotta
LISTENING (P78)
Warriors. One is how to protect the colours and the other is how to protect the statues against moulds.
1. Why is the first problem easier to solve
A. The solution is simple.
B. Damp can be easily treated.
C. It only occurs when it is hot.
D. A new form of chemical protection has been invented.
2. Listen again and choose the best answers.
2. How does the terracotta army show Emperor Qin Shihuang’s power
A. They are all the size of a man.
B. They are a very impressive sight.
C. There are copies of 8,000 different men.
D. Archaeologists think the army is a copy of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s real army.
3. What caused the Terracotta Warriors to lose their colour
A. Sunlight and temperature changes. B. Damp and temperature changes.
C. Damp and sunlight.
D. All of the three.
4. Why is it not easy to solve the problem of the forty kinds of mould
A. They may need different cures.
B. They cannot be removed.
C. There are so many of them.
D. They grew before the excavation.
3. Work in pairs and fill in the chart below.
Terracotta Warriors Information
Age
Material
Number
about 2,000 years old
made of clay
about 8,000
Size
Problem 1 Cause:
Solution:
an adult man
loss of colour through sunlight and temperature changes
special jelly
Problem 2 Cause:
Solution:
mould caused by damp
not solved yet as the moulds need different treatment, but the jelly helps
MORE NEWS ABOUT
THE TERRACOTFA WARRIORS
The Terracotta Warriors are one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the twentieth century. Archaeologists assume that they represent the army of
LISTENING TEXT
Emperor Qin (246-210 BC), who were supposed to guard him after death. They form part of the tomb for the Emperor Qin. Part of his tomb is still waiting to be excavated.
AP: Where did you go for your holiday, Zhou Lei
ZL: I went to visit the Terracotta Warriors and found out more about the research to preserve the statues.
AP = Amanda Peters ZL = Zhou Lei
AP: You’re so lucky! I'd love to go and see them very much. Making figures that are 1.96 metres tall is amazing! They must be such an impressive sight. It makes you realize how powerful Emperor Qin was.
ZL: Yes, indeed. And each of them has an individual face so that archaeologists think they must have been a copy of Qin’s real army. But eight thousand statues are a lot of clay figures to protect and there have been problems.
AP: Oh dear! What problems
ZL: Well, the first problem is how to keep their colours. Chinese archaeologists have discovered that the statues were painted before they were buried. But temperature changed and sunlight soon faded the colours after the statues were uncovered.
AP: Why did that happen
ZL: First, some of them became a little bit smaller when they dried out after being excavated and that made their colour disappear quickly. Second, the damp in the tomb also affected the colors badly. But now luckily the scientists have
discovered a new chemical protection, which will keep the colors shining brightly.
AP: That’s wonderful news.
ZL: Yes. It’s a very thin layer of chemical jelly, which will preserve the vivid colors of the soldiers as well as protect them from the damp.
AP: That’s great. So the problem’s solved. But I'm afraid that those statues that lost their colour can’t get it back
ZL: Sadly, no. But this breakthrough has helped deal with another problem.
AP: What's that
ZL: Well, you know that the Terracotta Warriors were discovered in 1974. Since then the statues have suffered more than forty different kinds of mould all caused by damp.
AP: That sounds really serious. I didn’t know clay statues could suffer from mould! Did it happen before they were excavated or after
ZL: After they were excavated, damp entered the excavation area. The moulds developed quickly and need different kinds of treatment.
AP: Oh, how terrible! Can we do something to clean the warriors and make them safe
ZL: Well, this jelly will help protect them against some moulds.
AP: Oh! Is there anything else that ordinary people can do to help ... (fade out)
Answer key for Exercise 1:
I think the ancient Egyptians believed: the spirit of one's body went on the journey to the afterlife. They believed everyone must be tested to see if they had led a good life.
Listening on Page 81
1. Poor people did not bury their dead family members with goods.
2. Both rich and poor people preserved the bodies of their family members after death.
F
T
True or False
3. The ancient Egyptians believed the spirits of dead people went to the afterlife.
4. The ancient Egyptians believed everyone was first tested to see if they had lived a good life.
5. If you had not lived a good life, you went into the afterlife anyway.
F
T
T
6. The God Anubis (埃及神话中导引亡灵之神) ate your spirit if you had led a bad life on the earth.
T
1. What two things are the same in the two graves
① Some goods.
② Food for the journey to the afterlife.
Answer the following questions after the second-time listening.
2. What two things are different
① Many more goods in the rich person’s grave.
② Body was preserved artificially in a coffin in the rich grave and naturally in the sand in the poor grave.
3. Why did one person take so many artifacts and the other so few
Because a rich person had many more goods to take with him / her than a poor person.
4. What kind of life did the rich person want in the afterlife
The same as in his lifetime.
3. Now write down the similarities and differences between the beliefs of rich and poor people.
Similarities Differences
1. They both believed in life after death.
1. There were many more goods in the rich person's grave than in the poor person's grave.
Similarities Differences
2. They both had their bodies preserved.
2. The rich person was buried in a special building but the poor person was not.
Similarities Differences
3. They both had goods in the grave for the journey to the afterlife.
3. The rich person had help for the journey to the afterlife but the poor person did not.
INTERVIEWING
“THE FATHER OF ARCHAEOLOGY”
Wang Wei, a Chinese student is interviewing Professor Flinders Petrie about his work in Egypt.
LISTENING TASK
WW: Hello, Professor Petrie. Could you please tell me why you want to dig poor archaeological sites in Egypt instead of looking for new tombs of Egyptian pharaohs
FP: I suppose it was an accident really. When I went there most people were looking for new tombs of the pharaohs. I decided to investigate the life of poorer people as nobody else seemed interested in them!
WW: What sorts of things did you find out
FP: What I found was that poorer people built their houses with mud bricks. They used pottery for their cooking and storing things. I also found that poor people as well as rich people believed in a life after death.
They buried their dead family members in the sand with pots full of food ready to take on the journey to the afterlife.
WW: They also wanted to preserve the bodies very well. Why's that
FP: Because they believed the spirit of one's body went on the journey to the afterlife. So it was important to look after the body carefully after one was dead.
WW: Did you find out anything about this journey
FP: Not from the poorer people’s graves. But we found the journey painted on the walls of the pyramids of the pharaohs and the inside of the coffins of rich Egyptians. Later rich people described this journey in books they left in coffins.
They are called “The Book of the Dead” and although they were written in rolls of paper, you can still see them today. They tell you how to overcome evil gods and monsters on the journey to the afterlife and what to expect when you came to the Hall of Judgement.
WW: Was there a test of some kind
FP: Yes, you had to prove the quality of your life by weighing your heart against a feather. If your heart was lighter it meant you had led a good life and so you could enter the afterlife and live forever. But if it was not,
you’d be eaten by the God Anubis and disappear forever.
WW: My goodness. I'm sure that made people behave themselves... (fade out)
1. Do some reading on P82.
2. Try to work out the answers to the questions in Ex.2, P83.
Homework(共48张PPT)
课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 5
Listening, Speaking and Reading
广东 刘超英
1. Listen to the tape and fill the layers in the “wastepaper basket” diagram below.
yogurt pots
orange skin
wastepaper
used envelopes
The waste paper basket
Answer key for Exercise 2
Method How it works
1. Layers in the ground
Each layer looks different as they are uncovered, so you can tell where one layer starts and another finishes. In the wastepaper basket, the most recent layer is _________, an older layer is below that and the oldest layer is ____________.
at the top
at the bottom
Method How it works
2. Radio- carbon dating
All living things have ______ in their bodies. When they die, the carbon ________________ at a ____ rate. The method measures __________ of carbon in bones or plants using radioactivity and can ________ how old the remains are.
starts to disappear
fixed
the amount
work out
carbon
Note: The age of the building depends on the number of layers it is resting on. The more layers, the more recent the building.
Answer key for Exercise 3:
The oldest building is B because it has no layers underneath it.
The second oldest building is C because it has one layer underneath it.
The most recent building is building A. It has two layers underneath.
ZH: How can you tell how old the bones
are when you find them
LISTENING TEXT(P42)
DATING METHODS
Zhou Heping has come to ask the archaeologist, Richard Leakey, how he dates the bones he finds.
RL: There are two main ways: the first uses layers in the ground and the second uses the radiocarbon dating.
ZH: How does the layer method work
RL: Well, many layers of soil were produced at different times. Each time people build houses and live
somewhere, they make an occupation layer. Each has a different color and texture.
ZH: How does that help
RL: Look at the diagram in your book. Think of your wastepaper basket. When you came into work you threw the orange skin into it. Later
someone threw their empty yogurt pots into it. Then some waste paper was added. Finally someone threw away some used envelopes. How many layers are there
ZH: There are four layers.
RL: Good. Now which layer is the latest
ZH: Now, let me think! Yes, it'll be the one on the top, which is the used envelopes.
RL: And where's the oldest layer
ZH: At the bottom.
RL: Well done. When we find bones in layers of soil, we know they are the same age as the soil.
ZH: I see.
RL: Now let's think about the second method.
ZH: I remember. It's called the radiocarbon dating method. That's a strange name.
RL: Yes. It uses the radioactivity to measure the amount of carbon in living things. The carbon in a dead
body disappears at a fixed rate. We know how long this takes, so we can measure the amount of carbon and work out how old a bone or plant is.
ZH: That's very clever. Is it very accurate too
RL: There are some problems, so you
are always given a date plus or minus some years. For example, your bone may be dated to 10,000 years ago plus or minus 100 years. This means the bone is between 9,900 years and 10,100 years old.
ZH: How clever! How old are the bones from the Zhoukoudian Caves
RL: They are between 250,000 and 40,000 years old.
ZH: Perhaps we can go and visit the site together sometime
RL: Of course. Whenever you like!
Answer the following questions after reading the text:
1. Which jobs did Dahu do
2. Which jobs did Lala do
3. Who works cooperatively and who
does tasks alone
4. Who does the most dangerous tasks
5. Where does the danger come from
Reading and speaking
▲ 北京猿人的化石首次发现于1927年
▲ 1929年12月2日发现第一个完整的头盖骨
▲ 到1937年已发现的北京人的头盖骨共5个。
▲ 1941年12月太平洋战争爆发后,在几个美
国人手里弄得下落不明。
▲ 1966年又发现一个残破的头盖骨。
▲ 总共发现了属于40多个个体的北京人化
石。时间距今约七十万年至二十万年。
北 京 人
北京猿人的特征
● 能够制造和使用劳动工具
● 能使用天然火
● 摆脱了杂交的婚姻形态
● 生活艰苦，寿命比较短暂
北京人头盖骨化石
北京猿人复原图
北京人使用过的石器
北京人石器制作法
北京人生活想象图
山顶洞人
▲ 距今时间：18000年前
▲ 地点:北京周口店龙骨山山顶洞穴
▲ 体形:同现代人大体一样，脑容量：
1300——1500毫升
▲ 生产和生活：
开始采用磨制和钻孔技术制造石器、骨
器制造骨针,缝制兽皮衣服产生了原始
宗教仪式过着氏族公社的生活
山 顶 洞 人 头 骨
山顶洞人
1933年北京市房山县周口店龙骨山山顶洞出土。
骨针长8.2厘米，孔径0.31-0.33厘米。这是中国已发现的时代最早
的骨针之一，其针身保存完好，针孔处破
裂，针尖锐利，表面有刮磨痕迹。针孔是用
尖状器刮挖而成。
山顶洞人的生活用具——骨针
Sample answers to above questions:
1. catch fish, repair stone tools,
make scrapers and axe-heads.
2. collect fruit and nuts, prepare food.
3. Both men and women work cooperatively. For example, Lala's mother and aunts were preparing the meat of deer and pig over the fire. Men do tasks alone.
4. Men do the most dangerous tasks.
5. The danger comes from the wild animals.
Answer key for Exercise 2
Men’s tasks Women’s tasks
1. Making and repairing tools
2. Fishing
3. Cutting down trees
4. Hunting animals
5. Protecting the group from harm
1. Collecting nuts, fruit and water
2. Cutting up meat and fish for cooking
3. Preparing skins to make clothes
4. Preparing food
5. Looking after children
Answer key for Exercise 3
Men’s tasks: patient (tool making), dangerous (hunting), some individual (tool making and repairing) and some co-operative (hunting), skilful (tool making), protective (of group)
Women’s tasks: affectionate (to group), co-operative (cooking), caring (providing food), patient (collecting food), skilful (cooking), individual (collecting nuts and fruit)
Co-operative tasks:
Individual tasks:
Most dangerous tasks:
men hunting animals; women doing cooking and preparing food
men making or repairing tools; women collecting fruit and nuts
men hunting animals
Answer key for Exercise 4
Where the danger comes from:
Sharing of tasks:
men and women had clearly divided tasks: fire and collecting nuts needed to be done every day but killing animals would
wild animals living near the caves
only be done now and then. So the women's tasks were continuous and the men's tasks were more periodic.
Words and expressions
1. If only it could be just like last year.
要是能像去年那样就好了!
If only 但愿......; 要是……就好了。其后
一般用虚拟语气。
If only she had looked ahead and planned
better.
If only he had come．
v. to express approval of (someone or something) especially by such clapping. 赞赏, 鼓掌向(某人或某物)
表示赞赏, 尤指鼓掌欢呼
Everyone applauded when the play ended.
演出结束时, 大家都热烈鼓掌。
I applaud your decision.
我赞成你的决定。
2. applaud:
3. accelerate
a. to increase the speed of
加速, 促进加快…...的速度
这部新车加速效能良好。
The new car has good acceleration.
b. to cause to happen earlier (正式) 催促
他决定加快他的课程进度。
He decided to accelerate his courses.
to capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example); engage 引起注意吸引并短时间吸引住(如注意力) ;吸引
花的艳丽色彩引起苏珊的注意。
The bright colors of the flowers arrested Susan’s attention.
4. arrest:
having a whirling sensation and a tendency to fall 眩晕的, 眼花的感到眩晕并要摔倒的
a dizzy height 令人晕眩的高度
The old woman was dizzied by the strong wind.
那位老太太被风吹得头昏眼花。
The disaster dizzied his brain.
那场灾难弄得他头脑昏乱。
5. dizzy:
6. relief 解脱的感觉
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.
听说我已经通过了考试, 感到轻松多了。
1. The ____ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.
A. little white wooden
B. little wooden white
C. white wooden little
D. wooden white little
Practice adjectives:
2. Jolm Smith, a successful bus businessman, has a _____car.
A. large German white
B. large white German
C. white large German
D. German Large white
3. This ____ girl is Linda’s cousin.
A. pretty little Spanish
B. Spanish Little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little
D. little pretty Spanish
4. ____ students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese
B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong
D. Young strong ten Chinese
多个形容词顺序巧记：
一座漂亮的旧石桥
a fine old strong bridge
一些酸绿的食用苹果
some sour green eating apples
口诀顺序：冠、代、数、形（形状、性质）、大（大小、长短）、新（新旧）、色（颜色）、国（国家、产地）、材（材料、用途）、名（名词）
What surprised him most happened ____ Sunday morning.
A. in a cold rainy
B. on a cold rainy
C. in a rainy cold
D. on a rainy cold
Practice using two or more adjectives to describe the Sanxingdui Ruins objects on page 44.
Homework(共45张PPT)
课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 5
Grammar
广东 刘超英
The Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时: 基本用法
现在完成时表结果, 他的动作发生在过去, 但是对现在有影响, 而这种影响却往往是说话人的兴趣所在。现在完成时跨越两个时间, 一个是过去, 另一个是现在。
Lead in
e.g. 我从1975年起就学英语。
I have studied English since 1975.
自12世纪以来, 中国就使用彩色印刷了。
They have done color printing in
China since the 12th century.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
现在完成进行时: 基本用法
1) 强调时间的持续性。如：
电话响了差不多一分钟, 为什么没人接
The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone answer it
2) 表重复。叙述从过去某时到现在或最近已在重复的动作。如：
最近天气变化无常, 我时常感冒。
The weather has been changeable lately; I’ve been having a lot of colds.
3) 有感彩。如：
今天真是一个多事之日。
Too much has been happening today.
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较:
A. 未完结性
I’ve cleaned the windows.
我把窗户擦干净了。
I’ve been cleaning the windows.
我擦窗户来着。(可能窗户尚未擦完)
B. 短暂性
现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可以表示延续至今的状态, 但完成进行是常表示短暂性。
A. They have lived in New York.
B. They have been living in New
York.
句A具有长期性, 而句B具有短暂性。
C. 刚完结性
与现在完成时相比, 现在完成进行时有时可以表示刚刚完结的动作。有时它是现在事件的直接原因, 或者是得出结论的证据。如:
我的手很脏, 我在油汽车来着。
My hands are dirty. I’ve been painting the car.
你的眼睛又红又肿, 你是不是哭来着？
Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you been crying
D. 连续性或重复性
现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。如：
Jim have been phoning Jenny every night for the several month.
All these days he has been writing articles to our magazine.
结论: 现在完成进行时主要用于表示
A. 过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作。
B. 过去开始, 现在刚刚停止的动作。
C. 现在看到其直接结果的动作。
现在完成时主要用于表示已经完成的动作及其与现在的关系。
In pairs, take turns to read the statement and turn it into a question using the present perfect continuous tense. The words in brackets may help you. (P41)
e.g. S1: Mrs Smith learned to drive
three years ago. (how long)
S2: How long have you been
driving, Mrs Smith
1. Sam has just finished learning to fly an airplane on a six-month course. (how long)
How long have you been learning to fly an airplane, Sam
2. He swam till he felt very tired. He has just stepped out of the swimming pool. (how long)
How long have you been swimming
3. Sally and Zhou Xin have been busy all day. (what)
What have you been doing, Sally and Zhou Xin
4. They have argued with each other for years about the best way to grow potatoes. (what)
What have you been arguing about for years
5. Jiao Yang uses a particular kind of washing powder and his clothes have always been clean and soft. (what)
Jiao Yang, what kind of washing powder have you been using that makes your clothes so clean and soft
XP: What have you been doing
PR:
XP: Where did you go for your holiday
PR:
I've been out of the country for several months resting between films.
To the Maldives. They are a beautiful set of small islands where one can swim, dive, observe the fish and examine the coral reefs.
Ex.3 (P41)
XP: I see. So what arrangements have you made for your next films
PR:
XP: What is your next film about
PR:
I've planned one for this spring and another for the autumn.
It's a love story with Julia Roberts, sailing in a boat and searching for treasure.
XP: That sounds good. When and
where will you film it
PR:
XP: I'm sure your fans will love that.
Why have you been so private
PR:
It'll be filmed in Hawaii and we'll begin in March.
I'm fed up with all the attention. It has also been difficult for my wife.
XP: That is understood. Thank you so
much for your time.
PR: My pleasure.
So now and then we plan a little time away by ourselves. Oh, I’ve got to go now. Sorry!
Consolidation
1. —— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
—— I'm tired. I ___ in the living room
all day.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
2. — There is so much snow these days,
isn't there
— Yes, it ____ for a few days.
A. was snowing
B. has been snowing
C. had been snowing
D. snowed
3. Although these scientists ____ on the project for nearly four years, I don't know how long it will last.
A. have been working
B. had worked
C. were working
D. are working
4. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
5. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he ___ in the mud all morning.
A. has played
B. is playing
C. has been playing
D. was playing
6. I ___ my work by the time the teacher ____ back.
A. was finished.., came
B. shall have finished.., comes
C. had finished.., comes
D. have finished.., will come
7. I ___ to see the film last week because I ___ it twice.
A. didn't go... had seen
B. don't go... have seen
C. hadn't go... had seen
D. didn't go... have seen
9. I'll phone you if she ___ this evening. In fact she didn't tell me if she___.
A. would come.., will come
B. will come.., came
C. comes.., would come
D. come.., came
8. Who do you guess ___ where I ___ just now
A. lie.., lay B. is lying.., lay
C. lies.., lain D. lied.., laid
10. I ____ into the bus when I ___ a girl call my name.
A. had hardly got..., hear
B. had hardly got..., heard
C. was no sooner setting..., heard
D. did hardly get..., had heard
1. A: --- I am sorry I _________ (keep)
you waiting so long.
B: --- It is all right. I
________________ (read) the
newspapers.
2. The CCTV ____________________ (broadcast) English programmers ever since 1977.
用现在完成时和完成进行填空:
have kept
have been reading
has been broadcasting
3. You _______ (feel) better when you __________ (take) the medicine.
4. She said we __________ (may keep) the book as long as we _____ (like).
5. Please wake me up if I ___ still _______ (sleep) when you _____ (come).
6. My sister ________________ (learn) English since she ____ (be) a child. She ______ (speak) English fluently now.
will feel
have taken
might keep
liked
am
sleeping
come
has been learning
was
speaks
7. My uncle ________ (come) to see us. He _______ (arrive) here a few days ago. I _________ (start) for Sydney tomorrow morning.
8. He _____ (break) his glasses when he ___________ (play) in a football match.
has come
arrived
will start
broke
was playing
1. Learn useful words and expressions by heart and practice them.
2. Finish Ex. 1 and 2 on pages 40, 79 and 80.
Homework
1. Davidson Black was a Canadian doctor who helped develop the __________ that led to the discovery of the bones in the Zhoukoudian Caves, near Beijing. He was a specialist in the study of bones and found it challenging to search for and _______ bones of
techniques
identify
Learning about Language (P40)
early peoples. As his university was ______ of the significance of his work, they give him ______ free time to do this research. But later they felt his behavior was not __________. When he should have been teaching, he was often away. As a result, they forbade him to travel there anymore . So it was his
aware
ample
reasonable
assistant, Pei Wenzhong, who made the discovery of these ________ bones and _________ stone tools. Somehow he cycled thirty _____ from the site to show them to Dr Black. The scientist ________ that this discovery would change the way people thought about early people in China. He knew that his
primitive
sharpened
miles
assumed
success was almost _______ due to his assistant’s systematic hard work.
entirely
1) Dr Davidson _______________ Mr Pei because of his talent and hard work.
2) Every mother has the right to live with her child, ____________ her social position.
regardless of in spite of
think of think highly/ little of
thought highly of
2. Fill in the blanks, using the phrases containing of below:
regardless of
3. _________ the strong wind, the mother bird flew off to find food.
4. She frequently ________ Sophie, the child she lost during the war.
5. The boss ______________ Sally’s suggestion. As a result, his company lost￡3,000,000 that year.
In spite of
thinks of
thought little of
archaeology reasonable formal
systematic applaud primitive technique
regardless excavation assume
Using Words and Expressions (P79--80)
1. I am learning to be an archaeologist. I know the study of ___________ is very __________. First you have to learn the _________ of removing the earth carefully so that you don't spoil any finds. We were given _______ lessons in a group on the right and wrong way to remove earth. I had
archaeology
systematic
technique
formal
________ that this would be easy but it was more complicated than it looked. Last summer I went on my first __________ . We were digging a Roman house in the middle of a former Roman town.
We discovered some very important ________ tools in this house. They were
assumed
excavation
primitive
like the tools we use today. I suppose it is __________ to say that our tools developed from theirs. We worked every day _________ of the weather. Even when it rained, we sorted and cleaned the finds. When we finished working there a month later, we were _________ for our commitment to find out more about the past.
reasonable
regardless
applauded
1) When I __________ to that special day, I am filled with excitement and wonder.
2) I had to _________ my studies now and then, but in the end I completed my course and gained my degree.
tentative relieve ample interrupt
affection look ahead
2.
look ahead
interrupt
3. There were ______ opportunities for me to meet the pop group because they lived in our apartment block.
4. She felt very ________ as she drove her car for the first time on the road.
5. Mary's ________ for her grandparents is obvious.
ample
tentative
affection
6. Sam felt _______ when the doctors arrived because the accident was such a serious one.
relieved
