名词性从句语法专项复习 (辽宁省锦州市北宁市)
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| 名称 | 名词性从句语法专项复习 (辽宁省锦州市北宁市) |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 38.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2008-06-25 19:43:00 | ||
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语法：名词性从句专项复习
历年考题：
1． 同从Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom
A. that B. what C. as D. which （05辽宁，29）
2. 主从It is generally considered unwise to give children_____ they want.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever （06辽宁，例题）
3. 介宾从People have always been curious about _____ living things on the earth exactly began. A. what B. where C. how D. why （06辽宁，28改）
4. 主从 _____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. what B. who C. whatever D. whoever （06辽宁，30）
5. 主从It is said _____ the early European playing-cards have been designed for entertainment and education. A. what B. who C. that D. which（06辽宁，31改）
6． 宾从You’ll imagine _____ difficulty we had walking home in the snowstorm.
A. what B. how C. that D. which （07辽宁，34改）
7. 宾从We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately______ we had known each other for years. A. whether B. that C. what D. what （08辽宁，23改）
8. 表从-- Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street
--Victoria Street That is ______ the Grand Theatre is.
A. what B. when C. where D. in which （08辽宁，26改）
9． 介宾从Mary wrote an article about _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that （05全国，23）
10. 表从See the flags on top of the building That was ____ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what （06全国，23）
11. 介宾从The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _____ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which （05山东，26）
12. 表从Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals.
A. as B. that C. what D. which （06山东，23）
13. 宾从I’d appreciate it ____ you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. if C. which D. what （06山东，24改）
14. 主从 ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever（06山东，27）
15. 介宾从Could I speak to_____ is in charge of International Sales, please
A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who （07山东，22）
16. 主从_____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A. It B. This C. What D. As （08山东，23）
17．同从The fact _____ she never apologized says a lot about what kind of person she is.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether （08山东，28改）
18. 同从Some researchers believed that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. what C. that D whether （05广东，34）
19． 宾从The poor young man is ready to accept ___________ help he can get. A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever ( 05 宁夏海南，全国卷3 , 11)
20. 宾从–What did your parents think about your decision
–They always let me do _______ I think I should.
A. when B. that C. how D. what ( 06 宁夏海南，= 全国卷3 , 16)
21. 主从 ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where ( 07江苏 15)
22. 宾从—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation
—I don’t mind ______ we go as long as there’s sun, sea and beach.
A. if B. what C. where D. when ( 08 宁夏，海南31改)
23． 宾从A computer can only do _____you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when ( 07 重庆卷 例题 )
24. 主从____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which ( 07 全国卷II )
25. 主从______he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where ( 07 上海卷 )
26. 表从The traditional view is _____________ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that ( 07 上海卷 )
27. 介宾从You can only be sure of______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future.
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that ( 07 安徽卷 )
28. 主从 parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A. That B. Which C. What D. As ( 07 陕西卷，8 )
29. 主从It is none of your business ____ other people think about you. Believe yourself. A. how B. what C. which D. when ( 07 福建卷 )
30. 宾从Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D. where ( 07 湖南卷 )
31. 介宾从Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.
A. what B. why C. how D. whether ( 07 江苏卷 )
32. 宾从He didn’t make _________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this B. that C. it D. these ( 07天津卷，11 )
33. 介宾从By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of __ you read．
A．that B．what C．which D．whether （07 上海春 ）
34. 宾从The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is .
A. what B. which C. how D. where ( 07 天津卷 )
35. 表从Why not try your luck downtown, Bob That’s ____ the best jobs are.
A. where B. what C. when D. why ( 07 浙江卷 )
36． 表从The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.
A. where B. how C. when D. why ( 08天津，12 )
37． 同从You have no idea she finished the relay race with her foot wounded so much. A. how B. that C. what D. where ( 08福建，34改 )
38． 介宾从People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how ( 08重庆，25 )
39． 宾从 When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which ( 08湖南，29 )
40． 介宾从Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.
A. what B. that C. which D. one ( 08浙江，6 )
1-10: BBCAC ABCAD 11-20: CCBDC CBCCD
21-30: BCCAB DBCBB 31-40: ACBAA CACAA
分析试题：
1． 题面特点：
题干：在考查名词性从句的单选题的题干中，出题人通常把空设在引导词处，空的后面即是从句。
选项：四个选项通常是四个很常见，很熟悉的引导词，如：what, that, whether, who, which, when, where, why, how等是在选项中出现频率最高的词。
注意： 偶尔会在引导词前面加上介词in，at，after 等；或把代词one，it，this, anyone, someone等也放在选项中来迷惑学生；有时空设在句首的情况，或名词后面设空，但不是定语从句，而是同位语从句的情况，选项里还放了as, if, it, this 等来困惑学生。
2． 考点特点：
从句种类：在前面的40道题中，主从10，宾从11，介宾从9，共20，表从6，同从4 。所以，考查的重点是宾语从句，弱点是同位语从句。由于宾语从句要放在及物动词后或者介词后，在词法的考查中，动词和介词的用法既是重点，又是难点，所以在句法的考查中，偏重宾从，也是合情合理的
引导词：在前面的40道题中，what 23, that 6, where 3, 其它的引导词都是1。 所以， 考查的重点集中在what的用法上。在名词性从句中，缺少主语，宾语，表语3个句子成分时，都用what 来引导从句。而其它的引导词，只是在缺少某一种成分时使用，所以被选的频率也很低。
句型句式：在前面的40道题中，只有2道题使用了疑问句式，也只有2道题使用了交际用语的对话形式，其余都是简单的复合句，尤其07和08 年。所以，在考查名词性从句这个比较有难度的语法项目时，不会再在句式上加深难度了。
3． 学生的困境：
名词性从句是建立在词法和基本句法基础上的一个上层建筑，让连词性和句子成分都分不清楚地学生茫然地去做题，固然是没有正确率的。但是，任何事物都有规律可循。正确的指导加上刻苦的钻研和练习，就没有攻克不了的难关。
解题思路:
1． 如何确定此题考的是名词性从句？
一看选项：四个选项是四个常见引导词
二看空的前后：空前不是名词，（同位语从句除外），空后是个句子，即有谓语动词。
三看空的位置：空在句首---- 主语从句
空在及物动词或介词后---- 宾语从句
空在系动词（主要是be动词）后---- 表语从句
空在可以解释说明其具体内容的名词后---- 同位语从句
（如idea, fact, doubt, story, news, word, plan, problem等，相对来说数量是很少的，而定语从句，几乎是任何名词都可以用一个定语从句去修饰限制它。）
2． 如何分析从句的句子成分？
一是明确从哪到哪是从句：肯定是从引导词即空处开始，中间必含有一个谓语动词即有人称，时态，数的变化的动词，在把其后与它在语义上联系紧密的其它成分也划在内，即可，一般都到句子的末尾。
然后，根据简单句的5种基本句型 + there be句型来分析句子成分。
1． 主语 + 谓语（vi. ）
2． 主语 + 谓语（vt. ）+ 宾语
3． 主语 + 谓语（vt. ）+ 双宾语
4． 主语 + 谓语（vt. ）+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语
5． 主语 + 谓语（ 连系动词 ）+ 表语
6． There + be + 主语
例如：4题：
（_____ makes this shop different ）is （that it offers more personal services.）
引导词 及物动词 名词 形容词 系动词 引导词
空 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语从句
很明显，空处缺少的是主语。
3．如何根据句子成分的缺少或不缺少的情况来确定引导词？
不缺成分用：that ( 确定的，不翻译)；
whether / if ( 不确定的，翻译成“是否”)
缺少主语：what ( 指事物，翻译成“什么, …… 的”)
who ( 指人，翻译成“谁”)
缺少宾语：what ( 指事物，翻译成“什么”)
who ( 指人，翻译成“谁”)
whom (指人，翻译成“谁”)
缺少表语：what ( 指人，物均可，翻译成“样子”)
缺少定语：what ( 泛指，无范围，翻译成“哪个”)
which ( 特指，有范围，翻译成“哪个”)
whose ( 指人，翻译成“谁的”)
缺少状语：when( 指时间，翻译成“什么时候”)
where ( 指地点，翻译成“什么地方”)
why ( 指结果，翻译成“为什么”)
how ( 指程度，方式，翻译成“多么，怎样”)
because ( 指原因，翻译成“因为”)
注意：基本没有缺少宾语补足语和同位语的情况。
例如：继续4题：
缺少主语, 不是指人，翻译成“使这家商店不同的”，答案锁定为what 。
知识梳理:
1． 概述：
名词性从句属于三大从句之一，还有定语从句和状语从句，总称主从复合句。句子按结构划分，除了主从复合句，还有并列句和简单句。
简单句：主语 + 谓语
句子分类（按结构）：并列句：主语 + 谓语 + 并列连词 + 主语 + 谓语
复合句：主句 + 引导词 + 从句
名词性从句
主从复合句（按从句的不同）：形容词性从句 = 定语从句
副词性从句 = 状语从句
2． 定义：
1． 名词性从句：在英语句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，也可以由一个句子来充当，这个在句子中起名词作用的句子，叫名词性从句。它既具有句子的特点，即有主、谓成分；同时又具有名词的特点，它相当于一个名词短语，在复合句中（即主句中）充当某一种句子成分：例如，可以充当主语，宾语（动词宾语或介词宾语），表语或者同位语。一般来说，从句都要由引导词来引导。
2． 主句：相对于从句而言的，由多个主要句子成分构成的句子。一般来说，没有引导词的句子是主句。
3． 引导词：连接主句和从句，主要是引导出从句，并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分的连词，代词或副词。
4． 语序: 不管主句的语气和语序如何，所有的名词性从句都要使用陈述语序，即主语 + 谓语。即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。
例如：
Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom
A. that B. what C. as D. which
No one can be sure _________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
3． 分类：
名词性从句按照所充当的句子成分的不同，又可以分成：主语从句，宾语从句， 表语从句，同位语从句四种。
如果从句在主句的主语的位置上，且起主语的作用，就叫主语从句。
如果从句在主句的宾语的位置上，且起宾语的作用，就叫宾语从句。
如果从句在主句的表语的位置上，且起表语的作用，就叫表语从句。
如果从句在主句的同位语的位置上，且起同位语的作用，就叫同位语从句。
主语从句： 位于句首
名词性从句 宾语从句： 位于及物动词或介词后
表语从句： 位于系动词（主要是be动词）后
同位语从句：位于名词后，并对名词的具体内容加以解释说明。
4． 引导词：
引导词按照词性可以分三类：
从属连词里的关联词：that, whether, if
连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose
连接副词：when, where, why, how
其它：because, as if, if , --ever
5． 分别讲解：
（一）. 主语从句
1．What / who 引导的主语从句，一般放在主句前即句首。
What you need is more practice. ( need后缺少宾语)
= All that you need is more practice.
= All you need is more practice.
What is needed is more practice. ( is前缺少主语)
= All that is needed is more practice.
Whatever she said was right. ( said后缺少_____ )
= Anything that she said was right.
= Anything she said was right.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret. ( was前缺少_____ )
= Anything that was said here must be kept secret.
Whoever comes will be welcome. ( comes前缺少主语)
= _____________________________.
2．That引导的主语从句，一般放在主句后即把It 放在句首作形式主语。
It 做形式主语的句型：
It + be + adj. + that……..
It + be + n. + that ………
It + be + done + that……..
It + vi. + that ………
It’s clear/obvious /certain/ true/ likely/probable /possible/ surprising/strange/ important/necessary /funny/good/natural that…
It’s a pity/a shame/a fact/a good idea/no wonder/no surprise / an honor/ good manners/dad manners/ a common knowledge that ... It’s said/reported/ believed/known/thought/expected/suggested/announced/declared/arranged that…
It seems/happens/occurs to sb that…
注意：在上面的句型中，有的需要使用虚拟语气：
It is important/necessary/natural/strange that….+ ( should ) + v
It is suggested/insisted/ordered that ….+ ( should ) + do
It is time that sb did sth
3．由其它的词来引导的主语从句，放在主句前或后均可。
When we shall hold the sports meeting is still a question.
= It is still a question when we shall hold the sports meeting.
Whether he will join us won’t makes too much difference.
( 此处的Whether不可以换成if )
= It won’t make too much difference whether he will join us.
4. 主语从句的主谓一致问题：
主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数；
如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；
如果由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
（二）. 宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的时态：
(1). 如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时, 从句谓语可根据句意，用任一种时态.
a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.
He believes his dream will come true one day .
b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.
Please tell me what you was doing at this time yesterday.
(2). 如果主句谓语是过去时, 从句谓语一般用过去的某种时态。
注意：当从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，谓语用一般现在时。
a. 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。
He told me he was preparing for the exam .
b. 他说他已离开家乡十年了。
He told me he had been away from his hometown for ten years.
c. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。
The teacher told us light travels in a straight line.
2．It用于宾语从句
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
I took it for granted that they were not coming.
I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time.
We must bear it in mind that we are servants of the people.
I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.
I’ll appreciate it if you help with the problem.
3. 关于doubt :
sb. doubt if/whether…..
sb. don’t/doesn’t doubt that …….
There is no doubt that …….
There is no doubt that he will win the game.
4. 关于疑问词+ do you think + ( 用陈述句语序 ) 的句型：
此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如：
_________ we invited^ to give us the talk ( 缺宾)
A. do you think who B. who do you think
C. whom you think D. do you think whom
_________ you have seen both fighters，_________ ^will win？（缺主）
A. Since； do you think who B. As； who you think
C. When； whoever D. Since； who do you think
5. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
were / did
sb wish 后面的宾语从句+ had done
would / could do
表示建议3，命令2，要求4，推荐1含义的动词后面的宾语从句用( should ) + do 。
suggest order require recommend
advise command request
propose insist
demand
sb would rather后面的宾语从句+ sb did sth
6．作介词的宾语从句
It all depends on how we solve the problem.
We are worrying about what we should do next.
( 三）. 表语从句
1. 可接表语从句的连系动词
可接表语从句的连系动词有:
be动词：(是) am, is, are, was, were
感官动词：（起来） look, seem, appear, sound, taste, smell, feel, touch
半系动词：（变得） remain
China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
It appears that he has a taste for music.看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力.
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyhow.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2. as, as if / though引导的表语从句
真实的好像：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
不可能出现的好像：（虚拟）
The pencil looks as if it was broken in the middle.
He seemed as if he had not had any meal for several days.
3. because + 原因, why + 结果引导的表语从句
The reason for his being late was that he missed the last bus.
That was why he was late.
That was because he missed the last bus.
4．表语从句中的虚拟语气：
在suggestion, proposal, advice, order，demand, command, 等名词后面的表语从句中，使用 (should) + do 。
（四）. 同位语从句
1. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。
同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分, 只起连接作用,无具体
含义, 且不可省略。
例如：
定从：We expressed the hope that they had expressed.
同从：We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
同从: The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.
定从：The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.
2. 同位语从句的格式：n. + 连接词 + 从句。
能接同位语从句的名词有：
belief（相信），fact（事实），hope（希望）， idea（想法，观点），doubt（怀疑），news（新闻，消息），rumor（传闻），conclusion（结论），evidence（证据），suggestion, advice（建议），problem, question（问题），order（命令），answer（回答），decision（决定），discovery（发现），explanation（解释），information（消息），knowledge（知识），law（法律），opinion（意见，观点），truth（真理，事实），promise（承诺），report（报告），thought（思想），statement（声明），rule（规定），possibility（可能）等。
注意：
当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。
Word came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself.
有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。
3. 连接词通常是that, 也可根据含义选用whether ( 没有if) , what, when, where, how 等来引导同位语从句。
4．名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 should + do, should 可省略。
例如：He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.
练习：that/ whether / where/ how
1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.
2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.
3. I have no doubt ________ he will win.
4. I have some doubt ________ he will win.
5. He gave us many suggestions ______ we get up earlier and take more exercise.
6． The suggestion ______the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
7. This is our only request ______ this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
8. There is a feeling in me ______we will never know ______a UFO is --not ever.
( where, how, that, whether, that, that, that, that—what )
考点汇总：
一、引导词 what 与 that 的区别
What: 在引导名词性从句时， 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，
That：在引导名词性从句时， 不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用。
例如：
What we can’t get^ seems better than what we have^.
缺宾语 缺宾语
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
不缺成分，主谓完整
练习that / what
1. ______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3. The result is ______ we won the game.
4. This is _____ we want to know.
5. Is _____ he told us true
6. We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
（what, what, that, what, what, what, that, what）
二、引导词 whether 和 if 的区别
whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思，在引导宾语从句时两者一般可以通用。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代：
1. whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置)不用if，如：
Whether it is true remains a problem.
Whether he will come, I am not sure.
2. 引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如：
The question is whether you should accept it.
3. 引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：
The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is important.
4. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如：
I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.
It depends on whether we have got enough money.
5. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则不能，如：
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
6. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if
I don’t know whether it is right or not.
练习if / whether
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2._____we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. The question is _________ he should do it.
7.The doctor can hardly answer the question___ the old man will recover soon.
8. I don’t know _______ to go.
(if/whether, whether, whether, whether/if, whether, whether, whether, whether)
三、其它连接代词和副词的选用
主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义, 正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分, 使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。
例如：
— Do you remember _________ he came？ — Yes. I do，he came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ____ you had a few days off？
A. why B. when C. that D. where
练习: when/ who/ where/how/why/
我们何时举行运动会还没定。________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.
这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _________ I left my glasses.
( When, who, where)
四、that的省略情况
that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。引导宾语从句时，通常可以省略。
例如：
China’s success in manned-space-craft travel shows _________ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
但是，在下面的情况中，that不可以省略：
1). 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money
She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
2). It 做形式宾语的宾语从句：
I don’t think it necessary that you should read English loudly.
3). 并列宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略
He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.
4). 当that宾语从句中状语部分位与从句前部时，
Tell him that if he comes tomorrow, please call me.
5). 当that 前有插入语时
Tom didn’t know, I’m sure, that his sister was going to Japan.
6). 当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
练习that / (that)：
1.I don’t think ________ she is coming.
2.It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.
3.The reason is _________ he is careless .
4.The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.
5.I don’t think it necessary _________ you should read English aloud.
6.He told me ___ his father had died and ____ he had to make a living alone.
五、who / whoever，what / whatever 等的区别
1．what / who 等含特指意义，而 whatever，whoever 等含泛指意义。
例如：
It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析：答案为 B 项。 Whatever 引导一个宾语从句，并且作 wants 的宾语。这里的 whatever 不能改成 what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么，就给他 / 她什么是不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里 whatever 也不能改用 no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。
2．Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。
Whatever = anything that; Whoever = anyone who
1. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.=____ ____ breaks the law is to be punished.
2． They will do whatever he wants them to do.=They will do ___ __he wants them to do.
疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
结论是：只有在引导让步状语从时，No matter+疑问词才可换成疑问词+ever。
六、“介词 + who（m） ”与“介词 +who”引导的宾语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾语，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：
It was a matter of _________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析：答案为 A 项。由于这里的引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格 who （作宾语时自然要用 whom ）。
巩固练习：
1. No one knows ____ in millions of years.
A. what the earth will be like B. what will the earth be like
C. the earth will be like what D. what will be the earth like
2. You may take __ picture you like best.
A. which B. that one C. what D. whichever
3. ______ at all is worth doing well.
A. Whatever is worth doing B. That is worth doing
C. What is worth doing it D. Whatever is worth doing it
4. The question he asked was ___ I come here.
A. that B. how C. what D. because
5. The problem lies not in __ we do but in__ we do it.
A. which/which B. what/that C. what/how D. that/how
6. China is no longer __ she used to be.
A. how B. that C. when D. what
7. _____ should lock the door.
A. Those who leaves last B. Anyone leaves last
C. Who leave last D. Whoever leaves last
8. ----Whom should I give this dictionary to
----You may give it to _____.
A. whoever you think needs it most C. anyone needs it most
B. whomever you think need 'it most D. someone who need it most
9. There is no doubt ____English is one of the most widely used languages.
A. whether B. that C. how D. what
10. I doubt ____ they can complete the bridge ahead of time.
A. whether B. that C. why D. what
11. It depends on ___ he will arrive in time or not.
A. if B. whether C. either D. that
12. I haven' t decided yet ___ book I will choose to read.
A. what B. whether C. which D. that
13. We could see the sea quite clearly ___ we live.
A. in which B. from which C. from where D. where
14. It looks ____ it is going to snow.
A. as B. as if C. if D. even if'
15. He said ___ he was late for school again and ___the teacher would punish him.
A. that/ 不填 B. 不填/不填 C. where/ that D. 不填/ that
16. I wonder _____ car this is.
A. whose B. who’s C. of who D. of whose
17. The teacher told us that ______.
A. well begun was half done B. well beginning is half done
C. good begun was half done D. well begun is half done
18. I have made _____ clear that I had nothing to do with that.
A. this B. it C. that D. that's
19. Please go and get the dictionary by yourself. It’s ___ you put it last time.
A. there B. where C. in there D. on where
20. The doctor asked her ______.
A. what was wrong with her B. what's wrong with her
C. what wrong was with her D. what she was wrong
21. ----What is that room
---- _____ we hold the meetings.
A. The room is B. The room is the place
C. That's the room which D. That's where
22. Give it to __ you think can do the work well.
A. who that B. whoever C. whomever D. whom
23. ____ shall finish the work before National Day is possible.
A. Whether we B. How we C. That we D. We
24. __ you really need is self-confidence .
A. That B. What C. Anything D. Something which
25. He is no longer ___ over ten years ago.
A. what he was B. what was he C. whose was he D. like what was he
26. ----Tom was absent from school yesterday.
---- _____ he was seriously ill.
A. He was because B. That was why C. That was because D. That was that
27. ----Tom was seriously ill.
---- _______ he was absent from school.
A. He was because B. That was why C. That was because D. That was that
28. It made the teacher angry ___ I was late again.
A. when B. which C. because D. that
29. The teacher told us the fact _____.
A. which the earth moves around the sun B. that the earth moved around the sun
C. that the sun moves around the earth D. that the earth moves around the sun
30. The doctor suggested that she __ out until she was cured.
A. didn't go B. not go C. was not going D. not to go
31. _____ the new plan can be carried out will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whether
32. The thought _____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
33. The reason _____ their failure you know is ___ they didn’t get fully prepared for the experiment. A. why, that B. that, why C. for, that D. why, because
34. The difficulty we now are feeling is the question _____ we can persuade him to tell the truth. A. that B. whether C. what D. how
35. Father made a promise ____ I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.
A. that B. that if C. if D. whether
36. Word came __ he was employed by that company.
A. which B. why C. that D. when
37. ____ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is hardly new.
A. That B. Whether C. Where D. When
38. The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
39. The question is ______ it is worth doing.
A. if B. whether C. which D. what
40. The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because B. why C. that D. what
1---10 ADABC DDABA 11—20 BCCBD AABBA
21—30 DBCBA CBDDB 31—40 DDCDB CAABC
PAGE
10
历年考题：
1． 同从Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom
A. that B. what C. as D. which （05辽宁，29）
2. 主从It is generally considered unwise to give children_____ they want.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever （06辽宁，例题）
3. 介宾从People have always been curious about _____ living things on the earth exactly began. A. what B. where C. how D. why （06辽宁，28改）
4. 主从 _____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. what B. who C. whatever D. whoever （06辽宁，30）
5. 主从It is said _____ the early European playing-cards have been designed for entertainment and education. A. what B. who C. that D. which（06辽宁，31改）
6． 宾从You’ll imagine _____ difficulty we had walking home in the snowstorm.
A. what B. how C. that D. which （07辽宁，34改）
7. 宾从We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately______ we had known each other for years. A. whether B. that C. what D. what （08辽宁，23改）
8. 表从-- Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street
--Victoria Street That is ______ the Grand Theatre is.
A. what B. when C. where D. in which （08辽宁，26改）
9． 介宾从Mary wrote an article about _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that （05全国，23）
10. 表从See the flags on top of the building That was ____ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what （06全国，23）
11. 介宾从The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _____ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which （05山东，26）
12. 表从Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals.
A. as B. that C. what D. which （06山东，23）
13. 宾从I’d appreciate it ____ you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. if C. which D. what （06山东，24改）
14. 主从 ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever（06山东，27）
15. 介宾从Could I speak to_____ is in charge of International Sales, please
A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who （07山东，22）
16. 主从_____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A. It B. This C. What D. As （08山东，23）
17．同从The fact _____ she never apologized says a lot about what kind of person she is.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether （08山东，28改）
18. 同从Some researchers believed that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. what C. that D whether （05广东，34）
19． 宾从The poor young man is ready to accept ___________ help he can get. A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever ( 05 宁夏海南，全国卷3 , 11)
20. 宾从–What did your parents think about your decision
–They always let me do _______ I think I should.
A. when B. that C. how D. what ( 06 宁夏海南，= 全国卷3 , 16)
21. 主从 ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where ( 07江苏 15)
22. 宾从—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation
—I don’t mind ______ we go as long as there’s sun, sea and beach.
A. if B. what C. where D. when ( 08 宁夏，海南31改)
23． 宾从A computer can only do _____you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when ( 07 重庆卷 例题 )
24. 主从____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which ( 07 全国卷II )
25. 主从______he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where ( 07 上海卷 )
26. 表从The traditional view is _____________ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that ( 07 上海卷 )
27. 介宾从You can only be sure of______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future.
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that ( 07 安徽卷 )
28. 主从 parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A. That B. Which C. What D. As ( 07 陕西卷，8 )
29. 主从It is none of your business ____ other people think about you. Believe yourself. A. how B. what C. which D. when ( 07 福建卷 )
30. 宾从Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D. where ( 07 湖南卷 )
31. 介宾从Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.
A. what B. why C. how D. whether ( 07 江苏卷 )
32. 宾从He didn’t make _________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this B. that C. it D. these ( 07天津卷，11 )
33. 介宾从By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of __ you read．
A．that B．what C．which D．whether （07 上海春 ）
34. 宾从The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is .
A. what B. which C. how D. where ( 07 天津卷 )
35. 表从Why not try your luck downtown, Bob That’s ____ the best jobs are.
A. where B. what C. when D. why ( 07 浙江卷 )
36． 表从The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.
A. where B. how C. when D. why ( 08天津，12 )
37． 同从You have no idea she finished the relay race with her foot wounded so much. A. how B. that C. what D. where ( 08福建，34改 )
38． 介宾从People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how ( 08重庆，25 )
39． 宾从 When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which ( 08湖南，29 )
40． 介宾从Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.
A. what B. that C. which D. one ( 08浙江，6 )
1-10: BBCAC ABCAD 11-20: CCBDC CBCCD
21-30: BCCAB DBCBB 31-40: ACBAA CACAA
分析试题：
1． 题面特点：
题干：在考查名词性从句的单选题的题干中，出题人通常把空设在引导词处，空的后面即是从句。
选项：四个选项通常是四个很常见，很熟悉的引导词，如：what, that, whether, who, which, when, where, why, how等是在选项中出现频率最高的词。
注意： 偶尔会在引导词前面加上介词in，at，after 等；或把代词one，it，this, anyone, someone等也放在选项中来迷惑学生；有时空设在句首的情况，或名词后面设空，但不是定语从句，而是同位语从句的情况，选项里还放了as, if, it, this 等来困惑学生。
2． 考点特点：
从句种类：在前面的40道题中，主从10，宾从11，介宾从9，共20，表从6，同从4 。所以，考查的重点是宾语从句，弱点是同位语从句。由于宾语从句要放在及物动词后或者介词后，在词法的考查中，动词和介词的用法既是重点，又是难点，所以在句法的考查中，偏重宾从，也是合情合理的
引导词：在前面的40道题中，what 23, that 6, where 3, 其它的引导词都是1。 所以， 考查的重点集中在what的用法上。在名词性从句中，缺少主语，宾语，表语3个句子成分时，都用what 来引导从句。而其它的引导词，只是在缺少某一种成分时使用，所以被选的频率也很低。
句型句式：在前面的40道题中，只有2道题使用了疑问句式，也只有2道题使用了交际用语的对话形式，其余都是简单的复合句，尤其07和08 年。所以，在考查名词性从句这个比较有难度的语法项目时，不会再在句式上加深难度了。
3． 学生的困境：
名词性从句是建立在词法和基本句法基础上的一个上层建筑，让连词性和句子成分都分不清楚地学生茫然地去做题，固然是没有正确率的。但是，任何事物都有规律可循。正确的指导加上刻苦的钻研和练习，就没有攻克不了的难关。
解题思路:
1． 如何确定此题考的是名词性从句？
一看选项：四个选项是四个常见引导词
二看空的前后：空前不是名词，（同位语从句除外），空后是个句子，即有谓语动词。
三看空的位置：空在句首---- 主语从句
空在及物动词或介词后---- 宾语从句
空在系动词（主要是be动词）后---- 表语从句
空在可以解释说明其具体内容的名词后---- 同位语从句
（如idea, fact, doubt, story, news, word, plan, problem等，相对来说数量是很少的，而定语从句，几乎是任何名词都可以用一个定语从句去修饰限制它。）
2． 如何分析从句的句子成分？
一是明确从哪到哪是从句：肯定是从引导词即空处开始，中间必含有一个谓语动词即有人称，时态，数的变化的动词，在把其后与它在语义上联系紧密的其它成分也划在内，即可，一般都到句子的末尾。
然后，根据简单句的5种基本句型 + there be句型来分析句子成分。
1． 主语 + 谓语（vi. ）
2． 主语 + 谓语（vt. ）+ 宾语
3． 主语 + 谓语（vt. ）+ 双宾语
4． 主语 + 谓语（vt. ）+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语
5． 主语 + 谓语（ 连系动词 ）+ 表语
6． There + be + 主语
例如：4题：
（_____ makes this shop different ）is （that it offers more personal services.）
引导词 及物动词 名词 形容词 系动词 引导词
空 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语从句
很明显，空处缺少的是主语。
3．如何根据句子成分的缺少或不缺少的情况来确定引导词？
不缺成分用：that ( 确定的，不翻译)；
whether / if ( 不确定的，翻译成“是否”)
缺少主语：what ( 指事物，翻译成“什么, …… 的”)
who ( 指人，翻译成“谁”)
缺少宾语：what ( 指事物，翻译成“什么”)
who ( 指人，翻译成“谁”)
whom (指人，翻译成“谁”)
缺少表语：what ( 指人，物均可，翻译成“样子”)
缺少定语：what ( 泛指，无范围，翻译成“哪个”)
which ( 特指，有范围，翻译成“哪个”)
whose ( 指人，翻译成“谁的”)
缺少状语：when( 指时间，翻译成“什么时候”)
where ( 指地点，翻译成“什么地方”)
why ( 指结果，翻译成“为什么”)
how ( 指程度，方式，翻译成“多么，怎样”)
because ( 指原因，翻译成“因为”)
注意：基本没有缺少宾语补足语和同位语的情况。
例如：继续4题：
缺少主语, 不是指人，翻译成“使这家商店不同的”，答案锁定为what 。
知识梳理:
1． 概述：
名词性从句属于三大从句之一，还有定语从句和状语从句，总称主从复合句。句子按结构划分，除了主从复合句，还有并列句和简单句。
简单句：主语 + 谓语
句子分类（按结构）：并列句：主语 + 谓语 + 并列连词 + 主语 + 谓语
复合句：主句 + 引导词 + 从句
名词性从句
主从复合句（按从句的不同）：形容词性从句 = 定语从句
副词性从句 = 状语从句
2． 定义：
1． 名词性从句：在英语句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，也可以由一个句子来充当，这个在句子中起名词作用的句子，叫名词性从句。它既具有句子的特点，即有主、谓成分；同时又具有名词的特点，它相当于一个名词短语，在复合句中（即主句中）充当某一种句子成分：例如，可以充当主语，宾语（动词宾语或介词宾语），表语或者同位语。一般来说，从句都要由引导词来引导。
2． 主句：相对于从句而言的，由多个主要句子成分构成的句子。一般来说，没有引导词的句子是主句。
3． 引导词：连接主句和从句，主要是引导出从句，并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分的连词，代词或副词。
4． 语序: 不管主句的语气和语序如何，所有的名词性从句都要使用陈述语序，即主语 + 谓语。即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。
例如：
Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom
A. that B. what C. as D. which
No one can be sure _________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
3． 分类：
名词性从句按照所充当的句子成分的不同，又可以分成：主语从句，宾语从句， 表语从句，同位语从句四种。
如果从句在主句的主语的位置上，且起主语的作用，就叫主语从句。
如果从句在主句的宾语的位置上，且起宾语的作用，就叫宾语从句。
如果从句在主句的表语的位置上，且起表语的作用，就叫表语从句。
如果从句在主句的同位语的位置上，且起同位语的作用，就叫同位语从句。
主语从句： 位于句首
名词性从句 宾语从句： 位于及物动词或介词后
表语从句： 位于系动词（主要是be动词）后
同位语从句：位于名词后，并对名词的具体内容加以解释说明。
4． 引导词：
引导词按照词性可以分三类：
从属连词里的关联词：that, whether, if
连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose
连接副词：when, where, why, how
其它：because, as if, if , --ever
5． 分别讲解：
（一）. 主语从句
1．What / who 引导的主语从句，一般放在主句前即句首。
What you need is more practice. ( need后缺少宾语)
= All that you need is more practice.
= All you need is more practice.
What is needed is more practice. ( is前缺少主语)
= All that is needed is more practice.
Whatever she said was right. ( said后缺少_____ )
= Anything that she said was right.
= Anything she said was right.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret. ( was前缺少_____ )
= Anything that was said here must be kept secret.
Whoever comes will be welcome. ( comes前缺少主语)
= _____________________________.
2．That引导的主语从句，一般放在主句后即把It 放在句首作形式主语。
It 做形式主语的句型：
It + be + adj. + that……..
It + be + n. + that ………
It + be + done + that……..
It + vi. + that ………
It’s clear/obvious /certain/ true/ likely/probable /possible/ surprising/strange/ important/necessary /funny/good/natural that…
It’s a pity/a shame/a fact/a good idea/no wonder/no surprise / an honor/ good manners/dad manners/ a common knowledge that ... It’s said/reported/ believed/known/thought/expected/suggested/announced/declared/arranged that…
It seems/happens/occurs to sb that…
注意：在上面的句型中，有的需要使用虚拟语气：
It is important/necessary/natural/strange that….+ ( should ) + v
It is suggested/insisted/ordered that ….+ ( should ) + do
It is time that sb did sth
3．由其它的词来引导的主语从句，放在主句前或后均可。
When we shall hold the sports meeting is still a question.
= It is still a question when we shall hold the sports meeting.
Whether he will join us won’t makes too much difference.
( 此处的Whether不可以换成if )
= It won’t make too much difference whether he will join us.
4. 主语从句的主谓一致问题：
主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数；
如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；
如果由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
（二）. 宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的时态：
(1). 如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时, 从句谓语可根据句意，用任一种时态.
a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.
He believes his dream will come true one day .
b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.
Please tell me what you was doing at this time yesterday.
(2). 如果主句谓语是过去时, 从句谓语一般用过去的某种时态。
注意：当从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，谓语用一般现在时。
a. 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。
He told me he was preparing for the exam .
b. 他说他已离开家乡十年了。
He told me he had been away from his hometown for ten years.
c. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。
The teacher told us light travels in a straight line.
2．It用于宾语从句
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
I took it for granted that they were not coming.
I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time.
We must bear it in mind that we are servants of the people.
I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.
I’ll appreciate it if you help with the problem.
3. 关于doubt :
sb. doubt if/whether…..
sb. don’t/doesn’t doubt that …….
There is no doubt that …….
There is no doubt that he will win the game.
4. 关于疑问词+ do you think + ( 用陈述句语序 ) 的句型：
此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如：
_________ we invited^ to give us the talk ( 缺宾)
A. do you think who B. who do you think
C. whom you think D. do you think whom
_________ you have seen both fighters，_________ ^will win？（缺主）
A. Since； do you think who B. As； who you think
C. When； whoever D. Since； who do you think
5. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
were / did
sb wish 后面的宾语从句+ had done
would / could do
表示建议3，命令2，要求4，推荐1含义的动词后面的宾语从句用( should ) + do 。
suggest order require recommend
advise command request
propose insist
demand
sb would rather后面的宾语从句+ sb did sth
6．作介词的宾语从句
It all depends on how we solve the problem.
We are worrying about what we should do next.
( 三）. 表语从句
1. 可接表语从句的连系动词
可接表语从句的连系动词有:
be动词：(是) am, is, are, was, were
感官动词：（起来） look, seem, appear, sound, taste, smell, feel, touch
半系动词：（变得） remain
China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
It appears that he has a taste for music.看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力.
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyhow.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2. as, as if / though引导的表语从句
真实的好像：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
不可能出现的好像：（虚拟）
The pencil looks as if it was broken in the middle.
He seemed as if he had not had any meal for several days.
3. because + 原因, why + 结果引导的表语从句
The reason for his being late was that he missed the last bus.
That was why he was late.
That was because he missed the last bus.
4．表语从句中的虚拟语气：
在suggestion, proposal, advice, order，demand, command, 等名词后面的表语从句中，使用 (should) + do 。
（四）. 同位语从句
1. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。
同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分, 只起连接作用,无具体
含义, 且不可省略。
例如：
定从：We expressed the hope that they had expressed.
同从：We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
同从: The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.
定从：The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.
2. 同位语从句的格式：n. + 连接词 + 从句。
能接同位语从句的名词有：
belief（相信），fact（事实），hope（希望）， idea（想法，观点），doubt（怀疑），news（新闻，消息），rumor（传闻），conclusion（结论），evidence（证据），suggestion, advice（建议），problem, question（问题），order（命令），answer（回答），decision（决定），discovery（发现），explanation（解释），information（消息），knowledge（知识），law（法律），opinion（意见，观点），truth（真理，事实），promise（承诺），report（报告），thought（思想），statement（声明），rule（规定），possibility（可能）等。
注意：
当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。
Word came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself.
有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。
3. 连接词通常是that, 也可根据含义选用whether ( 没有if) , what, when, where, how 等来引导同位语从句。
4．名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 should + do, should 可省略。
例如：He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.
练习：that/ whether / where/ how
1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.
2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.
3. I have no doubt ________ he will win.
4. I have some doubt ________ he will win.
5. He gave us many suggestions ______ we get up earlier and take more exercise.
6． The suggestion ______the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
7. This is our only request ______ this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
8. There is a feeling in me ______we will never know ______a UFO is --not ever.
( where, how, that, whether, that, that, that, that—what )
考点汇总：
一、引导词 what 与 that 的区别
What: 在引导名词性从句时， 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，
That：在引导名词性从句时， 不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用。
例如：
What we can’t get^ seems better than what we have^.
缺宾语 缺宾语
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
不缺成分，主谓完整
练习that / what
1. ______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3. The result is ______ we won the game.
4. This is _____ we want to know.
5. Is _____ he told us true
6. We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
（what, what, that, what, what, what, that, what）
二、引导词 whether 和 if 的区别
whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思，在引导宾语从句时两者一般可以通用。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代：
1. whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置)不用if，如：
Whether it is true remains a problem.
Whether he will come, I am not sure.
2. 引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如：
The question is whether you should accept it.
3. 引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：
The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is important.
4. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如：
I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.
It depends on whether we have got enough money.
5. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则不能，如：
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
6. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if
I don’t know whether it is right or not.
练习if / whether
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2._____we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. The question is _________ he should do it.
7.The doctor can hardly answer the question___ the old man will recover soon.
8. I don’t know _______ to go.
(if/whether, whether, whether, whether/if, whether, whether, whether, whether)
三、其它连接代词和副词的选用
主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义, 正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分, 使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。
例如：
— Do you remember _________ he came？ — Yes. I do，he came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ____ you had a few days off？
A. why B. when C. that D. where
练习: when/ who/ where/how/why/
我们何时举行运动会还没定。________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.
这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _________ I left my glasses.
( When, who, where)
四、that的省略情况
that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。引导宾语从句时，通常可以省略。
例如：
China’s success in manned-space-craft travel shows _________ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
但是，在下面的情况中，that不可以省略：
1). 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money
She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
2). It 做形式宾语的宾语从句：
I don’t think it necessary that you should read English loudly.
3). 并列宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略
He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.
4). 当that宾语从句中状语部分位与从句前部时，
Tell him that if he comes tomorrow, please call me.
5). 当that 前有插入语时
Tom didn’t know, I’m sure, that his sister was going to Japan.
6). 当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
练习that / (that)：
1.I don’t think ________ she is coming.
2.It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.
3.The reason is _________ he is careless .
4.The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.
5.I don’t think it necessary _________ you should read English aloud.
6.He told me ___ his father had died and ____ he had to make a living alone.
五、who / whoever，what / whatever 等的区别
1．what / who 等含特指意义，而 whatever，whoever 等含泛指意义。
例如：
It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析：答案为 B 项。 Whatever 引导一个宾语从句，并且作 wants 的宾语。这里的 whatever 不能改成 what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么，就给他 / 她什么是不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里 whatever 也不能改用 no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。
2．Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。
Whatever = anything that; Whoever = anyone who
1. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.=____ ____ breaks the law is to be punished.
2． They will do whatever he wants them to do.=They will do ___ __he wants them to do.
疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
结论是：只有在引导让步状语从时，No matter+疑问词才可换成疑问词+ever。
六、“介词 + who（m） ”与“介词 +who”引导的宾语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾语，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：
It was a matter of _________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析：答案为 A 项。由于这里的引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格 who （作宾语时自然要用 whom ）。
巩固练习：
1. No one knows ____ in millions of years.
A. what the earth will be like B. what will the earth be like
C. the earth will be like what D. what will be the earth like
2. You may take __ picture you like best.
A. which B. that one C. what D. whichever
3. ______ at all is worth doing well.
A. Whatever is worth doing B. That is worth doing
C. What is worth doing it D. Whatever is worth doing it
4. The question he asked was ___ I come here.
A. that B. how C. what D. because
5. The problem lies not in __ we do but in__ we do it.
A. which/which B. what/that C. what/how D. that/how
6. China is no longer __ she used to be.
A. how B. that C. when D. what
7. _____ should lock the door.
A. Those who leaves last B. Anyone leaves last
C. Who leave last D. Whoever leaves last
8. ----Whom should I give this dictionary to
----You may give it to _____.
A. whoever you think needs it most C. anyone needs it most
B. whomever you think need 'it most D. someone who need it most
9. There is no doubt ____English is one of the most widely used languages.
A. whether B. that C. how D. what
10. I doubt ____ they can complete the bridge ahead of time.
A. whether B. that C. why D. what
11. It depends on ___ he will arrive in time or not.
A. if B. whether C. either D. that
12. I haven' t decided yet ___ book I will choose to read.
A. what B. whether C. which D. that
13. We could see the sea quite clearly ___ we live.
A. in which B. from which C. from where D. where
14. It looks ____ it is going to snow.
A. as B. as if C. if D. even if'
15. He said ___ he was late for school again and ___the teacher would punish him.
A. that/ 不填 B. 不填/不填 C. where/ that D. 不填/ that
16. I wonder _____ car this is.
A. whose B. who’s C. of who D. of whose
17. The teacher told us that ______.
A. well begun was half done B. well beginning is half done
C. good begun was half done D. well begun is half done
18. I have made _____ clear that I had nothing to do with that.
A. this B. it C. that D. that's
19. Please go and get the dictionary by yourself. It’s ___ you put it last time.
A. there B. where C. in there D. on where
20. The doctor asked her ______.
A. what was wrong with her B. what's wrong with her
C. what wrong was with her D. what she was wrong
21. ----What is that room
---- _____ we hold the meetings.
A. The room is B. The room is the place
C. That's the room which D. That's where
22. Give it to __ you think can do the work well.
A. who that B. whoever C. whomever D. whom
23. ____ shall finish the work before National Day is possible.
A. Whether we B. How we C. That we D. We
24. __ you really need is self-confidence .
A. That B. What C. Anything D. Something which
25. He is no longer ___ over ten years ago.
A. what he was B. what was he C. whose was he D. like what was he
26. ----Tom was absent from school yesterday.
---- _____ he was seriously ill.
A. He was because B. That was why C. That was because D. That was that
27. ----Tom was seriously ill.
---- _______ he was absent from school.
A. He was because B. That was why C. That was because D. That was that
28. It made the teacher angry ___ I was late again.
A. when B. which C. because D. that
29. The teacher told us the fact _____.
A. which the earth moves around the sun B. that the earth moved around the sun
C. that the sun moves around the earth D. that the earth moves around the sun
30. The doctor suggested that she __ out until she was cured.
A. didn't go B. not go C. was not going D. not to go
31. _____ the new plan can be carried out will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whether
32. The thought _____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
33. The reason _____ their failure you know is ___ they didn’t get fully prepared for the experiment. A. why, that B. that, why C. for, that D. why, because
34. The difficulty we now are feeling is the question _____ we can persuade him to tell the truth. A. that B. whether C. what D. how
35. Father made a promise ____ I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.
A. that B. that if C. if D. whether
36. Word came __ he was employed by that company.
A. which B. why C. that D. when
37. ____ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is hardly new.
A. That B. Whether C. Where D. When
38. The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
39. The question is ______ it is worth doing.
A. if B. whether C. which D. what
40. The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because B. why C. that D. what
1---10 ADABC DDABA 11—20 BCCBD AABBA
21—30 DBCBA CBDDB 31—40 DDCDB CAABC
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