课件34张PPT。宾 语 从 句
The Object Clause结构
引导词
时态
语序
句子结构：
主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句
连接词:
a) 从属连词that, whether, if
b) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what
c) 连接副词 where, how, why, when 宾语从句的用法：宾语从句的注意事项（一） 句子类型 that陈述句一般疑问句If/weather特殊疑问词特殊疑问句一. 连词 (引导词)
1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句), 连词由that引导, 因为that在从句中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.
Jane said (that) she wasn’t late for the meeting. Do you know _____he said just now?
I don’t remember ______we arrived.
I asked him _____I could get so much money.
Please tell me ____we have to see.whatwhenwherewho2. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由特殊疑问词充当连接词, 因为该特殊疑问词(即连接词)在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。 Mary wrote an article on ___ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what
C. who D. that I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that
C. how D. which
Lily wanted to know __________her grandma liked the handbag .
Let’s see ____________we can find out some information about that city . if /whetherif /whether 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether
或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译
成 “是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。注意:
① 关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下：
The question is _______the film is
worth seeing.
The news _______our team has
won the match is unknown.A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。whetherwhether________we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
It hasn’t been decided _________we shall attend the meeting.B) 在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时,
whether和if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用
whether。whether (if)WhetherIt all depends (on) _____they will support us.
C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)
He doesn’t know ______to stay or not.
D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。
We didn’t know ______or not
she was ready.
E) 后面紧接or not 时。whetherwhetherwhether② 关联词if, whether均可使用的情况如下：
A) 引导宾语从句。如：
I wonder ______the news is
true or not.
B) 在 “be+形容词” 之后。如：
He was not sure ___________it is
right or wrong.if (whether)whether (if)③ 关联词只能用 whether或if, 不能用that的情况如下：
若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句用whether或if，主句为否定句或疑问句用that。如：
I do not doubt ____he will come soon.
Do
you doubt _____he will come soon
I doubt ____he will come.
注意: 下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认
为……未必可能”。
thatthatthatI doubt ________he will come soon. whetherThere is no news ____whether a new bridge will be built.
We are considering ____where these trees should be planted.aboutof4. 跟在介词后的宾语从句: 宾语从句放在介
词后作介词的宾语, 在使用这种结构时不能
丢掉介词。二. 语序: 连接词＋陈述句
合成一个句子：
He would be back in an hour. He said…
He said (that) he would be back in an hour.He has got a pen. I think…
I think ( that ) he has got a pen.
Where do they study English? Lily asks…
Lily asks where they study English.
Will you help me? I ask…
I ask if you will help me.三. 时态：从句时态 主句时态现在时/将来时
相应任何时态过去时相应过去任何时态Has Mr. Green been in Beijing for five years? He asked …
He asked if/whether Mr. Green ________in Beijing for five years.当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用
一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth_____
around the sun.had beengoes四. 否定前移：
试翻译下面句子
I don’t think he will see you.
I don’t believe he will go.
We don’t expect he is coming.
I don’t think he can do it, can he? 2. 我们认为他们在渡船上吸烟是不对的.We don’t think it right that they smoke on the ferry.注: 此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we. 而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定。
I don’t think he can do it, _____he?
I don’t think you are right, ____you?
canareI insisted that he_________it at once.
She suggested that the work ______________at once. （should）do(should) be finished 在suggest, insist, demand, order, require
等表示建议,命令,要求的动词后,从句的谓
语动词要用虚拟语气。注意:
1) She says ____she will leave a message on his desk.1. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能
是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时, 连词用
that。(that)2) He asks____ I like playing the piano . if五. it 作形式宾语的句型
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
I?think?it?a?pity?to?waste?the?food. We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.英语有句尾重心的原则1 我认为学好英语是必要的.We think that middle school students
master one foreign language possible .consider, find ,think, feel, make 等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后I hate ___when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that
C. these D. them四、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：
连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分小结：
１. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为３类:
连接词/从属连词that, whether, if?不充当从句的任何成分
连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词: when,?where,?how,?why名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句做复合句的------ 宾语从句做复合句的------
表语从句做复合句的------ 同位语从句做复合句的----- 主语宾语表语同位语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there.4. The fact that she was late surprised us.名词性从句3. 不可省略的连词：
1) 介词后的连词
2)?引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That?she?was?chosen?made?us?very?happy.
We?heard?the?news?that?our?team?had?won. 课件44张PPT。That Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles
brought Chinese great happiness.Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdlesbrought Chinese great happiness The manwindowsbrokebroughttroubleThat the man broke the windows
brought him trouble.1._______ the 2000 Olympics games will be
held in Beijing is not known yet.
A.Whenever B.If
C.Whether D.ThatGrammarNoun clauses2.___we can’t get seems better than
___ we have.
A.What , what B. What , that
C.That , that D.That , what3.It worried her a bit____ her hair
was turning gray.
A.while B.that C.if D.for4.____ is a fact that English is being
accepted as an international language.
A.There B.This C.That D.It5.It was ____ he said _____ disappointed
me.
A.what , what B. that , that
C.what , that D.that, whatExercises1. These wild flowers are so special I would do
_______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that
C. which D. whichever
2. ______ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held
in Beijing is decided.
A. When B. Whether C. / D. That
AD 3. He is very uncertain as to ________
it’s the right job for him.
A. whether B. that C. what D. /
4. _______ does your suggestion have to do
with our problem?
A. Who B. Why D. How D. What
5. Why did the sailor come to _______ the
prisoners were kept?
A. what B. where C. when D. thisA D B 6. She has to baby-sit. That’s _______
she can’t come out with us.
A. how B. when C. why D. what
7. _______ matters is not whether you fail or not,
but whether you try or not.
A. It B. What C. That D. Which
8. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution
or not is just _______ worries the public.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
C B A 9. The coffee ______ we had the other day was
different from _______ we had today.
A. what; that B. /; what
C. that; that D. what; what
10. It was true ________ Alice did surprised
her mother.
A. that what B. what that
C. that D. all thatB A 11. We thought ______ strange that she
didn’t come yesterday.
A. that B. it C. this D. what
12. The teacher asked ______ I was getting
on with my classmates.
A. what B. that C. how D. ifB C 6._____ she could not understand was______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A What, why B That, what
C What, because D Why, thatA第一个空为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中做understand的宾语。第二个空为why引导的表语从句7.How surprising ______ he should have refused to come.
A is he that B he is that
C is it that D it is that
DIt为形式主语，that 才是真正主语。同时，感叹句要用陈述句语序。8.____ he does has nothing to do with me.
A Whatever B No matter that
C That D WhereAWhatever表凡是。。。的东西/事情。
引导主语从句。10._____we can not get seems better than ____ we have.
A What what B What that
C That that D That whatA两个从句中都缺少宾语，都用what6. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
What ; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because解析：what引导主语从句，what在主语从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，that在主语从句中起连接作用。
B7. There is a feeling in me______ we’ll never know what a UFO is --- not ever.
A. that B. which
C. of which D. what解析：同位语从句that we’ll never know what a UFO is--not ever作 a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling的具体内容。
that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。A10. _____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What B. That
C. This D. Which解析： 这是主语从句。主语从句是一个完整的句子，要填that.B14. ---I read about it in some book or other.
--- Does it matter _____ it was.
A. where B. what C. how D. which解析：宾语从句中it was 后缺少表语。in some book or other表明这里指的是哪本书，要填which。D16.Dorithy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which
C. this D. what解析：在这个非限制性定语从句中，which指代Dorithy夸大自己在剧中角色的作用这件事。B17. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable.
which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose解析：这是非限制性定语从句，the price of which 指代花瓶的价格.Bthat / what
______ you need is more practice. What连接代词what 引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，而That在从句中不做成分。你需要更多的练习。It’s important ____we should raise the production. thatwhether / if
The question is ______ it is worth doing. whetherwhether可用来引导表语从句，而if一般不能用来引导表语从句。_______ you speak at the meeting matters much.Whether你在这次会上发不发言，关系重大。问题是这件事值不值得做。whether可用来引导主语从句，而if不能用来引导主语从句。It depends on ______ he’s ready.介词后面引导宾语从句时，需用whether,不用if。这取决于他是否准备好了。whetherwhomever / whoever
You’re responsible to _______is in charge of sales. whoever引导的从句作介词的宾语，但同时又在从句中作主语，此时必须用主格形式。whoever你向主管销售的人负责。Whoever _____ (want)to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.wants不管谁要我接电话，就说我正忙着。whoever后面的动词应用单数形式。5、看起来好像要下雨了。
It looks that it is going to rain. It looks like rain. It looks as if it’s going to rain. It looks后可接like引起的介词短语，也可以接as if引导的表语从句。6、我们可能够学会我们原来不懂的东西。
We can learn as we did not know.We can learn what we did not know. what可以引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。这就是我们决定推迟讨论的原因。That is why we decided to put the discussion off. That is the reason why we decided to put the discussion off. why可以引导表语从句，也可用作关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason。昨天下大雨，使我们来不了。That it rained heavily yesterday prevented us from coming.that引导主语从句时，用作连词，不从当成分，但不可省略。1. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether答案B。这是一个同位语从句，解释promise的具体内容，要用that引导。高考链接2. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road condition need ____ . A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; to be improved D. when; improving解析：答案为A. that引导同位语从句说明“新问题”的内容。Need后既可接动名词的主动式，也可接动词不定式的被动式作宾语。3. There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never
know what a UFO is – not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what解析：答案A。同位语从句that we‘ll never know what a UFO is – not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling 的具体内容。That连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。4. Information has been put forward ___
more middle school graduates will be
admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as解析：答案B。That引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。5. These wild flowers are so special I
would do ____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that
C. which D. whichever 解析：答案A。do后接宾语从句，宾语从句I can 后省略了do，缺少宾语。Whatever在宾语从句中作宾语。Finish the following exercises:
1. His central idea is ____ the losers do not write history.
A. X B. because
C. that D. whether
2. I think ___ certain that she will do well in her exam.
A. that B. this is C. it D. what’s＊＊ 3. We should stick to ___ is true.
A. which B. that
C. anything which D. whatever
4. You will find no mistake ____ I’ve written.
A. what B. in what
C. with what D. that
＊＊ 5. There is a rule in our school ____ no one is permitted to smoke.
A. where B. which
C. that D. what
6. He didn’t know which room _____
A. they lived B. they lived in
C. did they live D. did they live in＊＊名词性从句的引导词问题 1) I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made. （05湖南卷）
A. what B. that C. how D. which
2) Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future. （04广东）
A. that B. how C. what D. so
AB what 与 how 引导感叹句时，what 后加名词，how 后加形容词和副词。其结构为：What + (a) + (adj.) + n. 但要注意在 what 后不能加表示数量的 many; much; few; little 等词。 How + adj. + (a )+ (n.)，要注意的是 how 后的名词只能为单数名词。题1中是复数名词，只能用 what；题2中的正常语序是 …education is important to their …，所以选B。 名词性从句中的时态问题
问题1：
1、Scientists think that the continents _____ always where they _____ today. (05北京卷)
A. aren’t; are? B. aren’t; were???
C. weren’t; are?? D. weren’t; were
2、— Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
— Oh! I thought they ______ without me. (05江西卷)
? A．went ?B．are going ? C．have gone ?D．had gone
CD当主句的动词为现在和将来时态时，名词性从句中的动作根据所发生的时间来定，可以有各种时态；当主句的动词为过去时态时，从句中的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时，除非表示客观真理。名词性从句中的语序问题
问题1：
1、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____. (全国2000) A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
2、 The photographs will show you ___（MET1989） A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
DB名词性从句中都用陈述语序，不用倒装语序。题1中的干扰项是B，对想要知道的人提问或应答都用 it 而不用人称代词 he, I , you 等。题2只要注意是介词宾语就行了。名词性从句中的虚拟语气
A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。
考题点击：
The teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o’clock.
A. finished B. be finished C. should finish
D. finish
2. --- What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness?
--- He suggested that she _____ an operation at once.
A. must have B. had C. have D. had hadBCB、主语从句中的虚拟语气
基本句型：
It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do
It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable,(可取,明智) imperative(重要,紧急, 权威, 专断的)…
It is a pity, a shame, no wonder
考题点击：
1. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination?
A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take
2. It is strange that he _____ you this.
A. would tell B. should tell C. had told
D. has toldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
考题点击：
His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.
A. try B. tries C. must try D. can tryAit 作形式主语或形式宾语的问题
问题1：
1、_____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It 2、 I like______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （04全国I）
A this B that C it D one
3、The chairman thought ______ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. （05全国卷1）
A．that B．it C．this D．him
DCB主语、宾语从句常用先行词 it 代替，而将其置于句末。但由 whatever, whoever 引导的主语从句一般不用 it 代替。
