课件32张PPT。Grammar and usageGrammar and usageUnit 2ComparisonCompare and identify the functions of the participle clauses as adjectives or adverbs in the following sentences:(1).The boy sitting under that tree is my brother.
(as an adjective)
(2).The boy followed by a dog is my brother.
(as an adjective)
(3).Hearing the news, they got excited.
(as an adverb)
(4).Given a chance, I can surprise the world.
(as an adverb)exercises
Read the guidelines and Part 1 on page 24 and identify their functions in the following sentences(1).The building completed last month is a bank
an attributive
(2).The bird flu sweeping through Asia has jumped from birds to humans recently.
an attributive
(3).The teacher came into the laboratory, followed by some students.
an adverbial
(4).The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.
an adverbial (5).I heard her singing an English song
when I passed by her room yesterday.
a complement
(6). The peasants had the tractor working day and night at harvest time.
a complement
(7). Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
a complement Focus on Part 4, rewrite the example sentences with an adverbial
After the government continued restoration work for over 100 years, they realized that the work had not been done very well.
You will find the Acropolis very beautiful when you visit the city.
While I was reading the article, I was thinking of the World Heritage sites in China.Once they were caught, people who deliberately damaged the monument would be fined or even imprisoned.
If the monument is repaired well, it can be restored to its former glory.
Although the Acropolis is being conserved, it is still facing serious problems such as deliberate damage and stealing of stones.Pair work: Do the exercise on page 25 in pairs, using a participle clause to rewrite the sentences. 1. The protection of some significant sites is a problem requiring urgent attention.
2. The World Heritage list established by UNESCO helps to protect important sites.
3. Considering the damage caused by air pollution, the statues have been moved from the open to a protected museum.
4. While bringing in money to a country, tourism can also result in damage to the World Heritage sites there. 5. Knowing the dangers, he chose not to enter the ancient building.
6. After assessing the damage, the expert produced a reconstruction plan.
The expert produced a reconstruction plan after assessing the damage.
7. The renovations being incomplete, the public were not allowed onto the site.
8. Did you hear those experts complaining that the world had not paid enough attention to the protection of those ancient monuments? ConsolidationI. Multiple choice:
1.?_____?the?distance?was?too?long?and?the?time?was?short,?we? decided?not?to?drive?to?Florida.?
A.?Discovering B.?To?discover?
C.?To?have?discovered? D.?Discovered?
2.?----Hi,?Mary.?Would?you?like?to?go?to?the?concert?this?evening??
----Sorry,?Tom.?____?tomorrow’s?lessons,?I?have?no?time?to?go
?out?with?you.?
A.?Not?preparing? B.?Not?having?prepared?
C.?Not?to?prepare D.?Being?not?prepared
3.?The?building?_____?will?be?completed?in?a?month.?It?will?be?our?lab?building.?
A.?to?paint? B.?being?painted? C.?to?have?painted? D.?painting?4.?She?reached?the?top?of?the?hill?and?stopped?_____?on?a?big? rock?by?the?side?of?the?path.?
A.?to?have?rested? B.?resting?
C.?to?rest? D.?rest?
5.?With?his?son_____, the?old?man?felt?unhappy.
A. to be?disappointed? B.?disappointing?
C.?being?disappointed D.?to?disappoint
6.?—The?English?exam?is?not?difficult,?is?it?? —_____.?Even?Tom?_____?to?the?top?students?failed?in?it.
A.?Yes;?belongs? B.?No;?belonged
C.?Yes;?belonging? D.?No;?belonging?7.?.---What?do?you?suppose?made?her?worried??
---_______a?gold?ring.?
A.?Lose? B.?Lost? C.?Losing? D.?Because?of?losing?
8. ?—?Do?you?feel?like?_____?out??
—?No.?I’d?rather?we?_____?a?taxi.?
A.?to?drive;?take? B.?to?drive;?took?
C.?driving;?take? D.?driving;?took?
9.?At?the?end?of?2004,?there?were?around?6,000?foreign?
printing?companies?in?China,?_____?up?around?4?percent
?of?national?total.?
A.?made? B.?to?make? C.?making? D.?having?made?10.?---?Lucy?doesn’t?seem?to?be?what?she?was.?
---?No．______?so?much?in?the?war?has?made?her?more?
thoughtful.?
Seen? B. Her?seeing? C. Having?seen? D. To?have?seen?
11.?—Is?there?any?possibility?of?the?film____?in?Paris?
International?Festival??
—Not?in?the?least,?because?audience?generally?think
?little?of?it.?
A.?trying?out?B.?tried?out?C.?to?try?out?D.?being?tried?out 12.?—How?did?you?get?in?touch?with?Mrs.?Green??
—Well,?it?seems?to?me?that?you’ve?forgotten _____her
?telephone?number?the?other?day.?
A.?to?tell? B.?to?have?told?
C.?telling? D.?being?told?
13.?_____several?times,?the?young?scientist?still?kept?on?making?his?experiments.?
A.?Having?been?failed? B.?Having?failed?
C.?Though?failed? D.?Because?of?failure?. 14.?---What?terrible?weather!?I?simply?can’t?get?the?car?
---Why?not?try _____ the?engine?with?some?hot?water??
A.?starting;?filling? B.?start;?filling?
C.?started;?to?fill? D.?to?start;?fill?
15.?That’s?the?best?way?you?thought?of____?into?the?
dangerous?areas．?
A. stopping?people?getting B. to?stop?people?getting?
C. to?keep?people?getting? D. prevent?people?from?getting?
16.?____on?the?top?of?the?mountain?is?an?ancient?tower?_____
back?to?2?hundred?years?ago.
A. Standing;?dating? B. To?stand;?to?date
C. Having?stood;?dating? D. Stand; dated?II. Translation1. 通盘考虑后，计划好的旅行将不得不取消。
All things considered , the planned trip will have to be called off.
2. 一般说来，按照说明服用，这药没有副作用。
Generally speaking, when taken?according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
3. 成立于1613年的哈佛大学美国最著名的大学之一。
Founded? in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.
4. 为了不受干扰，我锁在书房里三个小时。
In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours locked in my study.
5. 和整个地球比起来，最高的山脉似乎一点也不高。
When compared with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
6. 被单独留在漆黑的房间里， 小男孩吓得哭起来。
Left? alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.
7. 助手工作到深夜，为总统准备长的演讲稿。
The assistant worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president.
8. 做完作业后，他回家了。
Having finished his homework, he went home.
9. “难道你不识字吗？”玛丽指着通知生气地说。
“Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily pointing?to the notice.
10. 失踪的歌手最后一次被看到是在桥附近练声。
The missing singer was last seen exercising the voice close to the bridge.
11. 他一定很生气，因为我们听到了玻璃杯摔地板上破碎的声音。
He must be angry, for we heard the glass broken on the floor.
12. 大部分被邀请去开会的摄影师来自于欧洲。
Most of the photographers invited to the conference were from north Europe.
13. 昨天没课，我们去长城游玩了。
There being no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.
14 目前讨论的问题是非常重要的。
The question being discussed at the moment is very important.
15 从太空来看，地球看上去像一个蓝色球。
?Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.? Language pointsbe used as (page 24) 被用作
use (PURPOSE) ?? verb [T] used, used to put something such as a tool, skill or building to a particular purpose: 使用
This glass has been used - please fetch me a clean one. [+ to infinitive] Use scissors to cut the shapes out. Going on the expedition gives me a chance to use all the training I've had. The old hospital isn't used anymore. These lights are used for illuminating the playing area. To use military force against the protesters would be unacceptable. INFORMAL I could use (= I would like) some help putting these decorations up if you're not too busy. 高考链接 （2006湖南）
As the twentieth century came to a close , the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting__________. A. to use?????????? B. to be used???????
C. to have used????D. to be using in most cases (page 24)
case (SITUATION) ? noun [C] a particular situation or example of something: 场合, 事例, 情况，事件 Over a hundred people were injured, in several cases seriously. Jobs are hard to find but in his case that's not the problem because he has so much experience. I wouldn't normally agree but I'll make an exception in this case. The number of new cases of the illness appears to be declining. We have lots of applications from people who want to in that case because of the mentioned situation: There's no coffee left? In that case I'll have tea.
in any case also: I don't want to go and in any case, I haven't been invited
(just) in case because of a possibility of something happening, being needed, etc: I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some just in case. Bring a map in case you get lost.
in the case of with reference to, or in the situation of: The law will apply equally to men and women except in the case of maternity leave.高考链接 1.（2006湖南）
_____ achievement, last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low, though not failing, grade. A. In terms of?? ? B. In case of??????? ?
C. As a result of????? ?D. In face of2. （2006山东）
How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? A. in case?? B. even if??
C. unless?? D. when I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _____ traffic jam.
A. in line with B. in case of C. for the sake of D. at the risk of Thank you!课件46张PPT。Welcome Throughout history, few ancient historic sites have
completely avoided damage, some even suffered
complete damage. At the beginning of this period,
let’s enjoy a section of video: Yuanmingyuan. How are you feeling when seeing the destruction of “the garden of gardens”, yuanmingyuan?
Do you think it necessary to take measures to restore and preserve it?
There are so many historic sites which need repairing and preserving and in this part we’ll learn to write a proposal for saving and protecting a building. ProjectWriting a proposal for saving a buildingReadingThe imperial tombs1. Read the article about the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. Scan the text and answer the following questions:
Why are the Ming Tombs called Shisanling?
(It is home to thirteen Ming emperors.)
Apart from shisanling, which is the most famous Ming Tomb?
(Xiaoling.)
How many Qing emperors were buried in Hebei Province?
(Nine.)2. Read the passage again and take notes of the historic sites.
The Ming Imperial Tombs:
Most of the Ming Tombs are located in Shisanling, north-west of Beijing.
The Sacred Way leads to the thirteen tombs.
Changling is the largest and best preserved.
The Ling’en Palace is known for its simple design and painted ceiling.
Xiaoling is located in the suburbs of the first Ming emperor. The Qing Imperial Tombs:
The Qing Tombs are similar to the Ming Tombs in terms of architecture and their choice of site.
Dingling, located in Hebei Province, contains the first imperial tombs of the Manchu rulers.
Xiling, located in Hebei Province, is smaller than Dongling.Xiling contains the tombs of four Qing emperors.
Xiling has three broad stone gates. Preservation and recognition of the tombs:
Serious attention has been given to preservation of the Ming and Qing Tombs.
All of the tombs have suffered some damage.
Dongling has been under the protection of the state government.
Xiaoling has been restored.
The deadlines for completing restoration of Changling and Zhao ling have been set.
International recognition is part and parcel of preserving and restoring historical sites.
We need to take the responsibility to treasure and protect these monuments. 3.Do you think international recognition is helpful to protect historic sites?
Why or why not?DiscussionWho is providing the funding for the preservation
of the tombs?
Why are the tombs included in the World Heritage
list?
Which local building will your group research? Why?
How will you find out more about this building?
What are the dangers that the building faces?
How can the building be saved and protected?
What kind of arguments will you use to convince the local government to act to save and preserve the building?
Who will collect information and who will write up the proposal?Language pointsThe Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs are among the
most impressive cultural remains to be found
anywhere . 明清皇家陵寝是世界上最令人赞叹的文化遗产
之一。(page 30, lines 1-2)
1) among
among ?? preposition (ALSO amongst)
1 in the middle of or surrounded by other things: (表位置) 在…中间,在…内部，被…所环绕
I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd.
Rescue teams searched among the wreckage for survivors. 2 happening as part of a group of people or things:(表范围、关系)在…内部，在…中
a decision that has caused a lot of anger among women
Relax, you're amongst friends.
Talk about it among yourselves (= Talk to each other about it without me) for a while.
She has worked as an estate agent among other things (= as well as other things).2) remain
remain ?? verb
1 [I or L] SLIGHTLY FORMAL to stay in the same place or in the same condition: 停留，留下，逗留; 尚待…… 留待……;仍然，依然
The doctor ordered him to remain in bed for a few days.
Most commentators expect the basic rate of tax to remain at 25%.
[+ to infinitive] A great many things remain to be done (= have not yet been done).
He remained silent.
It remains a secret.
The bank will remain open while renovations are carried out. 2 [I] to continue to exist when other parts or other things no longer exist: 剩余, 残存
After the flood, nothing remained of the village.
Only a few hundred of these animals remain today.
the remainder noun [S] 剩余, 残存之物/人, 其他的人们 the part of something that is left after the other parts have gone, been used, or been taken away:
I ate most of it and gave the remainder to the dog.
It rained the first day but the remainder of the trip was lovely. remainder ?? noun [U] SPECIALIZED 余数 in mathematics, the amount that is left when one number cannot be exactly divided by another:
9 divided by 4 is 2, remainder 1.
remaining ?? adjective [before noun] 剩下的 continuing to exist or be left after other parts or things have been used or taken away:
Bernstein's two remaining lectures will take place on January 22 and 23.
Mix in half the butter and keep the remaining 50g for later remains ?? plural noun 剩余,残留物;余额
1 pieces or parts of something which continue to exist when most of it has been used, destroyed or taken away:
The remains of lunch were still on the table.
We visited the remains of a 12th-century monastery.
2 FORMAL human/sb's remains someone's dead body or the remaining parts of it:
Fifty years after he died, his remains were returned to his homeland.
Human remains were found in the woods. 1. （NMET2002）
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old
couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy
it.
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
高考链接2. （2004上海春）
The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___________ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat??? B. seating??? C. seated??? D. to be seating
3. ( 2006浙江)
It remains ________ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals. A. seen? B. to be seen ?C. seeing? D. to see
4. (2002上海)
It has been announced that candidates_____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A can??????????? B will??????????? C may??????????? D shall Any visitor to China should try to include the Ming and
Qing Tombs as part of his or her tour. 任何来中国的游
客都应该去看看明清皇家陵寝。(page 30, lines 4-5)
try
try (ATTEMPT) ? verb [I or T] 努力做……,努力于……
to attempt to do something:
Keep trying and you'll find a job eventually.
If I don't get into the academy this year, I'll try again next year.
I've tried really hard but I can't persuade him to come.
I'm trying my best/hardest, but I just can't do it.
[+ to infinitive] I tried to open the window.
[+ ing form of verb] Perhaps you should try getting up (= You should get up) earlier in the mornings.try (TEST) ? verb [T] 尝试,试用
to test something to see if it is suitable or useful or if it works:
I tried that recipe you gave me last night.
I'm afraid we don't sell newspapers - have you tried the shop on the corner?
[+ ing form of verb] Try using a different shampoo.
I thought I might try parachuting.
I've forgotten my door-keys - we'd better try the window (= test it to see if it is opentry (LAW) ? verb [T] 审理(案件),审判(某人)
to examine a person accused of committing a crime in a court of law by asking them questions and considering known facts, and then decide if they are guilty:
Because of security implications the officers were tried in secret.
They are being tried for murder.
try sth on phrasal verb [M] 试穿(衣服，鞋帽等)
to put on a piece of clothing to discover if it fits you or if you like it:
Try on the shoes to see if they fit.
What a lovely dress - why don't you try it on for size (= to discover whether it fits)?
try sth out phrasal verb [M] 试用, 彻底试验
to use something to discover if it works or if you like it:
Don't forget to try out the equipment before setting up the experiment.
try out for sth phrasal verb US 试图获得(地位，奖赏等),为(职业等)参加考试,报名，申请
to compete for a position in a sports team or a part in a play:
Luke's trying out for the college football team. 1. (2005浙江)
The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _______ his notes.
A. bringing up B. referring to
C. looking for D. trying on 高考链接2. (2006山东）
We’re just trying to teach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where?? B. that??
C. when?? D. which
3. (2006浙江）
We’re trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we ________ your number incorrectly. A. looked up? B. took down?
C. worked out? D. brought about The Sacred Way, which is sometimes called the Avenue of
Animals, leads to the thirteen tombs and is in good condition.
通向陵寝的道有时被称为石像神道，保存良好。
(page 30, lines 13-14)
1) lead to
lead (DIRECTION) ? verb [I or T; usually + adverb or preposition] led,
led (道路等)引导(人)到……, 通往
(especially of roads, paths, doors, signs, information, etc.) to go in a
particular direction or have a particular result, or to allow or cause this:
There's a track that leads directly to the reservoir.
The French windows lead out onto a wide shady terrace.
A narrow trail of blood led directly into the cave.
This information led the police to a house near the harbour.
lead to sth phrasal verb 导致
If an action or event leads to something, it causes that thing to happen
or exist:
Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads. （2006江苏）
--- It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.
--- Well, you know what they say. _________. ?? A. There is no smoke without fire?
B. Practice makes perfect ?? C. All roads lead to Rome?
D. No pains, no gains高考链接2) in good condition
condition (STATE) ? noun
[S or U] the particular state that something or someone is in: 状态，情形,健康状态
Mum's still got our pram - it's very old, but it's in perfect condition.
They left the flat in a terrible condition - there was mess everywhere.
The hospital say her condition (= state of health) is improving slowly.
He's in no condition (= He is too ill or too drunk) to drive home. conditions ?? plural noun (周围的)状况,情况，形
the physical situation that someone or something is in
and affected by:
weather conditions
working conditions
The prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.
Under what conditions do plants grow best?
out of condition 健康不佳, 情况欠佳
not healthy enough for hard physical exercise, as a result
of not taking part in sport or other physical activities
on (the) condition that 在……条件下
only if:
I'll come to the party on the condition that you don't wear those ridiculous trousers! 1.（2006安徽）
Never in m wildest dreams??????? these people are
living in such poor conditions．
A．I could imagine?????????????
? ?B．could I imagine
C．I couldn’t imagine?????
? D．couldn’t I imagine高考链接2.（2003上海）
There is a new problem involved in the popularity
of private cars_______ road conditions
need______. A. that; to be improved
B. which; to be improved C. where; improving
D. when; improving
3. (2005上海)
No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side
would accept the conditions of _______.
A. others B. the other C. either D. another Most of the trees that were originally planted there were cut
down at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, but some continue to
grow today.
大部原先栽种此处的树木在清初别砍掉了，但有一至今仍留存于世。(page 30, lines 17-18)
cut常用词组：
cut sth down phrasal verb 砍倒, 砍伐
to make a tree or other plant fall to the ground by cutting it near the bottom
cut back/down phrasal verb 缩减(生产), 削减(支出)
to do less of something or use something in smaller amounts:
The government has announced plans to cut back on defence
spending by 10% next year.
I'm trying to cut down on caffeine.
cut in (TALK) phrasal verb 插嘴 to interrupt what someone is saying by saying something yourself:
I was just talking to Jan, when Dave cut in (on us/our conversation).cut in (DRIVE) phrasal verb 插入，插队
to make a sudden sideways movement to position your car in front of
another car, not leaving a safe distance between the two vehicles:
Did you see that white car cut in (on us/in front of us)?
cut into sth phrasal verb 占去…时间
If an activity cuts into a period of time, it fills part of it, often a large
part of it:
I don't like doing the shopping on a Saturday afternoon because it cuts into my weekend.
cut off (REMOVE) phrasal verb [M] 切断，砍掉
to remove a part of something to make it smaller or shorter, using a
sharp tool such as a knife:
Remember to cut off the fat before you fry the steak.
cut sth off (STOP) phrasal verb [M] 切断(电力，煤气，自来水),停止…供应
to stop providing something such as electricity, supplies, etc:
If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off.
The aim was to cut off the enemy's escape route/supplies. 1. （2006湖北）
__________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. ?? A. Would you be????
B. Should you be??
C. Could you be?????
D. Might you be高考链接2. （2006天津）
Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but
knowing such things isn’t much help when it??___
shopping and eating.
A. refers to???? B. speaks of??????
C. focuses on?????? D. comes to
3. Too many hotels have been built and this has _____ prices, making holidays cheaper. ?A. cut short??? B. cut out???
C. cut off??? D. cut down Changling is considered by many as the best preserved
of the thirteen tombs. 许多人都认为长陵是十三座陵寝中保存最完好的。(page 30, lines 20-21)
be considered
consider (POSSIBILITY) ?? verb [I or T]
to spend time thinking about a possibility or making a decision: 考虑到……, 顾及……
Don't make any decisions before you've considered the matter.
[+ question word] Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job?
[+ ing form of verb] We're considering selling the house.
She's being considered for the job.
I'd like some time to consider before I make a decision.consider (OPINION) ? verb [T often + object + (to be)
+ noun or adjective] 将…视为, 认为，以为
to believe someone or something to be, or think of
them as:
He is currently considered (to be) the best British athlete.
We don't consider her suitable for the job.
[passive + object + to infinitive] It is considered bad manners in some cultures to speak with your mouth full of food.
[R] I consider myself lucky that I only hurt my arm in the accident.
Do you consider him a friend of yours?
[+ (that)] She considers (that) she has done enough to help already. 1. （2006陕西）
It is difficult to imagine his _______ the decision
without any consideration. A. to accept???
B. accept??
? C. accepting???
D. accepted高考链接
2. _______ I explained on the phone, your request
will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
3. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait
for months before they are fully _____. A. admitted?? B. acknowledged??
C. absorbed? D. consideredThe tombs, which were built over a length of 247 years, take up 78 square kilometers.
这些陵墓的造历时247年， 占地78平方公里。(page 30, lines41-42)
take up
take sth up (START) phrasal verb [M] 开始(工作,
生兴趣等)
to start doing a particular job or activity:
He's taken up the post of supervisor.
[+ ing form of verb] Have you ever thought of taking
up acting?
Ian took up (= continued) the story where Sue had left off.1. (2005安徽24)
Kathy _______ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up
B. took up
C. made up
D. turned up高考链接2.（2006山东） After he retired from office, Rogers ____ painting for a while, but soon lost interest. A. took up? B. saved up?? C. kept up??? D. drew up 1.Write a proposal for saving and protection the building. Then report your proposal to the class.
2.Read the article in Part A on page 117 in Workbook, and then write an account of the Lugou Bridge.HomeworkThank you课件73张PPT。MarathonOlympic flagAthena
the Greek goddess Which country or city can you think of when seeing the pictures?
(Athens, the capital city of Greece)
Have you ever been there?
Then do you know what the greatest symbol of Athens is?
Let’s enjoy a section of video.The Acropolis nowFast reading: Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A. 1 When was the Acropolis built?
In the 5th century BC
2 What was the Acropolis made of ?
It was made of marble.
3 Who gave the Acropolis its World Heritage listing?
UNESCO Careful reading: Let’s read the passage a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 20. C1
1. In philosophy, science, mathematics, art, architecture, theatre, politics and sport.
2. On the hill called the Sacred Rock in the centre of the city.
3. It was built there so that it was convenient for everyone to get to. Also because it was on the hill, the Acropolis could be seen from every part of the city.
.4.They have been damaged partly by natural things like earthquakes. And partly by man5 The last major destruction occurred with the theft of many of the best sculptures in 1801, when an Englishman started to take them to London
6 Its aim is to undertake the complete, professional restoration of the Acropolis7 Because they believe that the prevention of damage from ignorance and from people not caring about protecting the monument is very important.
8 More important historic buildings would be damaged. C2 Listen to the tape and try to complete Part D and Part E: D
1 d 2 a 3 j 4 c 5 b
6 f 7 e 8 i 9 h 10 g
E (1) Athens (2) Athena
(3) people (4) plant
(5) government (6) undertake
(7) ignorance (8) conservation
(9) monument (10) sculptures Read the text again and choose the best answers according to the text:Which of the followings was not a Greek invention?
A. The Western alphabet.
B. Roman alphabet.
C. Architecture.
D. Marathon 2. Why was the Acropolis built on the hill
called the Sacred Rock in the centre of the city?
A. To associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens.
B. It was constructed at a high altitude above the city in honour of Athens.
C. Because there are three main temples to Athens.
D. Because it was convenient for everyone to get to and could be seen from every past of the city.3. In which year did the Acropolis receive a World Heritage listing from UNESO?
A. 1835 B. 1975
C. 1987 D. 2004Post-reading: Please introduce the causes of the damage done to the Acropolis and the ways to protect it to other group members, with the help of the chart in Part C2Pair work:DiscussionWhy do you think it is necessary and important to preserve World Heritage sites ?… Language pointsNo one has had a greater impact on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks. (page 18, lines 1-3)
古希腊人对西方文明的影响无人可及。
impact noun [C usually singular; U] 影响，冲击
1.the force or action of one object hitting another:
The impact of the crash reduced the car to a third of its original length.The bullet explodes on impact (= when it hits another object).
2.a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person:
The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quite an impact on young people.
The new proposals were intended to soften the impact of the reformed tax system. impact verb 对...发生影响
to have an influence on something:
Falling export rates have impacted (on) the country's economy quite considerably.2. They were responsible for many advances in philosophy, science, mathematics, art, architecture, theatre, politics and sport.
古希腊人在哲学、科学、数学、艺术、建筑、戏剧、政治学和体育方面取得了很多进展。(page 18, lines 3-6)Responsible
1. responsible (BLAME) ?? adjective 有责任的，应负责任的
be responsible for sth/doing sth to be the person who caused something to happen, especially something bad: Who is responsible for this terrible mess?
Last month's bad weather was responsible
for the crop failure.responsibility ?? noun [U]
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday's bomb attack. The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he
was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.2. responsible (DUTY) ? adjective
be responsible for sb/sth/doing sth to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it or them: Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.
Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
be responsible to sb/sth to be controlled by someone or something:
In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers are responsible to the House of Representatives.responsibility ?? noun [C or U] 职责，义务
something that it is your job or duty to deal with:
[+ to infinitive] It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time.
She takes her responsibilities as a nurse very seriously.
Who has responsibility here?
Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.3. responsible (GOOD JUDGMENT) ?
adjective 可信赖的，（人）负责任的
having good judgment and the ability to act correctly and make decisions on your own:
a hardworking and responsible employee
Let's stay calm and try to behave like responsible adults.
Many big companies are now becoming
more responsible about the way they
operate. 3.The Western or Roman alphabet is a Greek invention, as is the marathon, which is a long distance race named for a Greek messenger who ran from Marathon to Athens to report a victory at the battle of Marathon in 490 BC.
西方字母表或罗马字母表是希腊人的发明。 马拉松比赛也是，这种长跑是为纪念一位希腊信使而命名的.
(page18, lines 6-11)as (COMPARISON) adverb 约如…，像…
used in comparisons to refer to the degree of something: She'll soon be as tall as her mother. I can't run as fast as you. skin as soft as a baby's It's not as good as it used to be.
as (FOR THIS PURPOSE) ??preposition 担任…，作为；如同…
used to describe the purpose or quality of someone or something: She works as a waitress. It could be used as evidence against him. The news came as quite a shock to us. I meant it as a joke.as (BECAUSE) ?conjunction 因为……,由于 As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel. You can go first as you're the oldest
as (WHILE) ?? conjunction 当……时候；一面……一面
while; during the time that: I saw him as I was coming into the building. He gets more attractive as he gets older
as (ALTHOUGH) ?? conjunction 虽然，尽管
although:
Angry as he was, he couldn't help smiling
as (usu followed by be or do+subject通常后接be或do +主语) 也一样
she’s unusually tall, as are both her parents.
He’s a doctor, as was his wife before she
had children.1. (2006天津)
The Beatles, _____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what????????B. that??????????C. how???????????D. as高考链接2. (2006广东)
Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,?? ____ this was a? memory she especially treasured.）
A. as???????? B. if??????????? C. when??????? D. where
3.（2006浙江）
_______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As ?B. That? C. This D. It 4.（2006江苏）
The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
5.（2006陕西）
His plan was such a good one ______
we all agreed to accept it.
A. as B. that C. so D. after whichIn particular, we associate ancient Greek civilization
with the capital city of Athens, the greatest symbol of
which is the Acropolis.
我们尤其将古希腊文明与其首都雅典城相联系，而雅典最伟大的标志就是雅典卫城。（page 18, lines 18-20）
1) in particular
particular (SPECIAL) ?? adjective [before noun] 特定的, 特别的,特殊的 special, or this and not any other:
She wanted a particular type of cactus.
He wouldn't take just any book - he had to have this particular one!
"Why did you ask?" "Oh, no particular reason, just making conversation." particular (NOT EASILY SATISFIED) ?(喜好)很讲究的, 很挑剔的, 难以取悦的?
adjective [after verb] not easily satisfied and demanding that close attention should be given to every detail:
He's very particular about the kitchen - everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place.
She's very particular about what she eats.My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very _____ about the food he eats.
A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. unusual
2. Margaret liked all her classes, but she liked sewing class _____.
A. above all?? B. in general??
C. after all?? D. in particular 相关考题 associate …with…
associate sth with sth phrasal verb 把(某事物与他事物)联想在一起
If problems or dangers are associated with a particular thing or action, they are caused by it:
The cancer risks associated with smoking have been well documented.
associate with sb phrasal verb 与……为友; 结交；交往 to spend time with a group of people, especially people who are disapproved of:
I don't want my children associating with drug-addicts and alcoholics. The Acropolis was constructed in the 5th century BC at a high altitude above the city in honour of Athena, the goddess of Athens. 雅典卫城海拔高于雅典城，是为了纪念雅典女神雅典娜于公元前五世纪兴建的。(page 18, lines 20-24)
in honour of
为向…表示敬意,为纪念…, 为祝贺…
in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or something:
a banquet in honour of the president 高考链接（06陕西）
My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _______ it.
A. in honor of??? B. in memory of?
C. in favor of??? D. in search of It was convenient for everyone to get to, and because it was on the hill, the Acropolis could be seen from every part of the city.
它位于市中心的山上， 这样便于所有人参观，而且它在山顶，因此从城市的每一个角落都可以看到它。（page 18, lines 26-30）
convenient ?adjective
1 suitable for your purposes and needs and causing the least difficulty:方便的, 便利的
Our local shop has very convenient opening hours. A bike's a very convenient way of getting around. [+ that] It's very convenient that you live near
the office.
[+ to infinitive] I find it convenient to be able to do my banking by phone.
What time would it be convenient for me to come round?
NOTE: The opposite is inconvenient.
2 near or easy to get to or use: 近而方便的
a very convenient bus service
Our new flat is very convenient for (= near to)
the kids' school. However, throughout history, few ancient monuments have completely avoided damage. 但历史上几乎没有哪座古代纪念建筑能完好无损。(page 18, lines 45-46)
throughout ?preposition, adverb in every part, or during the whole period of time: 遍及于,到处; 整个…期间,从头到尾
People throughout the country are out of work. He yawned throughout the performance. The school has been repainted throughout. avoid
avoid ?? verb [T] 逃避…,避免…，回避… to stay away from someone or something, or prevent something from happening or not allow yourself to do something:
I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays - they're always so busy. [+ ing form of verb] I try to avoid going shopping on Saturdays. The report studiously avoided any mention of the controversial plan. The plane narrowly avoided disaster when one of the
engines cut out on take-off. There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldn’t _____ falling over it in the darkness.
A. help??? B. resist??? C. avoid??? D. prevent 相关考题In 1458, the Turks defeated the Greeks and seized
control of Athens.
1458年土耳其人打败了希腊人并夺取了雅典. (page 18, lines 52-53)
seize control of 夺取
control ?noun 控制,支配 [C or U] when you control something or someone, or the power to do this:
She's got no control over that child - it's terrible.
He wants the government to impose strict controls on dog ownership.
The dictator took/seized control of the country in 1933.
He felt he was losing control of events. The last major destruction of this kind occurred with
the theft of many of the best sculptures in 1801, when an…
最近一次人为的重大破坏发生于1801年，许多最精美的雕像遭窃(page 18, lines 60-62)
occur (HAPPEN) ? verb [I] -rr-
(especially of accidents and other unexpected events) to happen: (意想不到的事情)发生
An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane.
If any of these symptoms occur while you are
taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately. occur (EXIST) ? verb [I + adverb or preposition] -rr- to exist or be present in, among, etc: 存在，出现 Violence of some sort seems to occur in every society. Minerals occur naturally in the earth's crust.
occur to sb phrasal verb (想法、念头等)想起，浮现
If a thought or idea occurs to you, it comes into your mind: The thought did occur to me. [+ that] It never even occurred to us that he hadn't been invited. Does it never occur to you that I might like to be on my own occasionally?(2006年安徽高考)
I??? along the street looking for a place to park when the accident???? ．
A．went; was occurring??????????B．went; occurred C．was going; occurred??????????D．was going; had occurred
高考链接In 1816, these sculptures were transferred to the British museum. They are still on display there under the title of ‘Elian Marble’, and this has caused some friction between Greece and Britain as the Greek government has never given up asking for the return of these marble statues.
1816年，这些雕塑又被转移到大英博物馆。如今它们仍然在那里展出，冠名为“埃尔金大理石雕塑”。这导致了希腊和英国之间的摩擦，因为希腊政府一直要求英国归还这些大理石雕像。(page 19, lines 65-73)transfer (MOVE) ?? verb -rr- 1 [T] to move someone or something from one place, vehicle, person or group to another:
运送，转送，迁移；（使）（某人）换乘，改乘
He has been transferred to a psychiatric hospital. She transferred her gun from its shoulder holster to her handbag. We were transferred from one bus into another. Police are investigating how ￡20 million was illegally transferred from/out of the Trust's bank account. The aim is to transfer power/control/responsibility to self-governing regional councils. I'll be upstairs, so could you transfer my phone calls (= arrange that I can receive them) up there please?I or T; usually + adverb or preposition] to change to a different job, team, place of work, etc., or to make someone do this: （使）（某人）转校／转学
After a year he transferred to University College, Dublin. Some very high-profile British players have transferred to clubs abroad. He threatened to give up football if his club didn't transfer him (= sell him to another team).
3 [T] to make something the legal property of another person: 让渡（权利、财产等）
She transferred the house to her daughter before she died. on display
display (SHOW) ? verb [T] 展示，表露或陈列某事物 to show a feeling: The British traditionally tend not to display much emotion in public.
display ?noun [C or U] 展示，陈列，显示，显露 There's never much (of a) display of affection between them.
on display being displayed 被展示，被陈列
A collection of photographs was display in the hall.
put sth on display 展出某物 ask for请求，要求 ask for sth (PRAISE) phrasal verb If you say you couldn't ask for someone or something better, you mean that that person or thing is the best of their kind: She's great to work for - I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
ask for sb (SPEAK TO) phrasal verb to say that you would like to see or speak to someone: A young man was here asking for you this morning. (05全国III 14)
1.Before building a house, you will have to _______ the government’s permission.
A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for
2. （辽宁）
－These? books are too heavy for me to carry.
－ _____ .
?A. You may ask for help? B. I will give you a hand
C. I will do you a favor?????D. I’d come to help高考链接In 1832, Greece was recognized as an independent country …1832年希腊获得独立。(page 19, lines 73-74)
recognize (KNOW), UK USUALLY
recognise ??verb [T] 认出（旧识），认识，识出，辩出
someone or something because you have seen, heard or experienced them before: I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I recognized her immediately. "Do you recognize this song?" Doctors are trained to recognize the symptoms of different diseases. Mann.recognise verb 1 [T] to accept that something is legal, true or important:正式承认，认可
International community has refused to recognize (= officially accept the existence of) the newly independent nation state. [+ (that)] He sadly recognized (that) he would die childless. You must recognize the seriousness of the problems we are facing.
2 [T often passive] If a person's achievements are recognized, official appreciation is shown for them: 承认（功绩等），赏识；感谢
The Prime Minister recognized her services to her country by awarding her an MBE. —Oh, it's you! I _____ you. —I've just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses.
A. didn't recognize??????? B. hadn't recognized????? ?
C. haven't recognized??????D. don't recognize 高考链接Unfortunately, some of the construction that
was carried out over the following 100 years
was not very successful. 遗憾的是，此后一百多年进行的一些修复工作并不是很成功。
carry out
carry sth out phrasal verb [M] 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行 to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do: Nigel is carrying out research on early Christian art. The hospital is carrying out tests to find out what's wrong with her. （NMET2000）
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the next year. ?A. carry out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out 高考链接In a gesture to help preserve history, the Greek government established a committee in 1975 to undertake the complete, professional restoration of the Acropolis. 为保存历史，希腊政府于1975年成立了一个委员会来负责卫城全面、专业的修复。（page 19, lines 92-96）
undertake
undertake (DO) ??
verb [T] undertook, undertaken SLIGHTLY FORMAL 承担（工作，责任），承办；着手，进行，企图 to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult: Students are required to undertake simple experiments. After that, much progress was made in reconstruction
the monument, particularly with the large amount of
work in preparation for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.
此后，遗址修复工作取得了很大的进展，尤其是为准备2004年雅典奥运会做大量工作。(page 19, lines 98-102)
1) make progress in
progress ?? noun [U] 前进，进行；进步上进，发展 1 advancement to an improved or more developed state, or to a forward position: Technological progress has been so rapid over the last few years. I'm not making much progress with my Spanish. The doctor said that she was making good progress (= getting better after a medical operation or illness). in progress happening or being done now: 进行中 Repair work is in progress on the south-bound lane of the motorway and will continue until June. progress ?? verb [I] 1 to improve or develop in skills, knowledge, etc: 提高，进步 My Spanish never really progressed beyond the stage of being able to order drinks at the bar. 2 to continue gradually: 前进，进行 As the war progressed more and more countries became involved. We started off talking about the weather and gradually the conversation progressed to politics.(1997上海) ----David has made great progress recently. ---- ________, and _____________. A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have
2．Only in the way ____________ progress in your studies. A. can make B. you may C. can you make D. will make
高考链接in preparation of
preparation ?? noun [U] 准备，预备 the things that you do or the time that you spend preparing for something: The teacher didn't seem to have done much preparation for the class. The team blamed injuries and lack of preparation for their failure to win. Yasmin assisted in the preparation of this article. preparations ?? plural noun (具体的)准备 plans or arrangements that you make to prepare for something: [+ to infinitive] We are making preparations to fly Mr Goodall to the nearest hospital. Preparations for the opening ceremony are well under way.prepare ?verb [I or T] 准备…, 预备… , (为…) 做准备 1 to make or get something or someone ready for something that will happen in the future: Have you prepared for your interview? She'll prepare the food ahead of time and freeze it. This course aims to prepare students for middle and senior managerial positions. [+ object + to infinitive] Are the players mentally and physically prepared to play a tough game? The meal took two hours to prepare. 2 to expect that something will happen and to be ready for it: 使(某人)做心理准备，(某人)做好准备 [+ to infinitive] It almost seems as if she is preparing to die. [R] You need to prepare yourself for a long wait. prepared ?? adjective 有准备的,准备好的; 乐意 1 ready to deal with a situation: When she called on me, I wasn't prepared. They were prepared for the worst. 2 made earlier: The spokesperson read a prepared statement. 3 be prepared to do sth to be willing, or happy to agree to do something: Would you be prepared to help me get things ready for the party? People are not really prepared to talk about these kinds of personal problems.A steady cleaning programme must follow in order to protect the marble from air pollution, as well as from natural things such as plant roots and bird droppings. 接下来必须稳步进行清洁工作，保护大理石不受空气污染及自然物（如植物根系和鸟类排泄物）的破坏。（page 19, lines 107-112）
1) in order to
order (PURPOSE) ?? noun in order to/in order for/in order that with the aim of achieving something: 为了 He came home early in order to see the children before they went to bed. I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. （2005辽宁）
All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.
A．in order to have received?????????
? B．in order to receive
C．so as to be received?????????????????
D．so as to be receiving 高考链接protect… from…
protect ?? verb 1 [I or T] to keep someone or something safe from injury, damage or loss: 防御，保护 clothing that protects you against the cold It's important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun. Surely the fun_ction of the law is to protect everyone's rights. Of course the company will act to protect its financial interests in the country if war begins. Patients' names have been changed to protect their privacy. Public pressure to protect the environment is strong and growing. Vitamin C may help protect against cancer. Homework
Read the text again and again. Try to memorize the language points.Bye - bye!课件54张PPT。Task Writing a letter about
the Tower of London listening for discourse markersSkills building 1: It is usually more difficult to listen to and understand a lecture or a radio programme than a conversation because the words are often spoken more quickly ,so it is very important to listen carefully for the small linking words and phrases..listening to a radio programmeStep 1: First , please study the left column of the
table on page 26, which introduces the
Tower of London, answer some questions:
Who first used the site?
(The Romans.)
What happened in 1066?
(The Norman Duke William conquered England.)
What was the purpose of building the Tower of London?
(For protection.)
Do kings still live there?
(No.)
What were the functions of the Tower?
(As a prison, a place for storing and making weapons, a zoo and a safe.)
Which is the most popular part of the Tower?
(The Jewel House.)2. Now I’ll play the recording and you
try to finish Part A on page 26.
A (1) in fact
(2) to get back to
(3) the next important point
(4) well
(5) nevertheless
(6) a second
(7) moreover
(8) another
(9) a fourth
(10) the final fun_ction
(11) in fact
3. Read aloud the instructions of Part B on page 27
and finish the notes with the help of the discourse
markers in the right column of the table.
B (1) the people
(2) water
(3) pulled up
(4) twenty-two
(5) churches
(6) soldiers
(7) wardrobe
(8) jewels
4. Read the instructions in Part C. focus on the executioner, the victims, and when and why the victims were killed.
C The executioners: King Henry VIII; King James
The victims: Anne Boleyn; Sir Walter Raleigh
When and why the victims were killed: Anne Boleyn was killed in 1536 because she had failed to give birth to a son for King Henry VIII. Walter Raleigh was killed in 1618 because he failed to find gold for King James.
stressing syllables and words Skills building 2:
How to use pauses, intonation and correct pronunciation to communicate with other people in English?DiscussionWhen you learn to use a new language to
communicate with others, what do you think
is very important?
( It is vitally important for one to learn
how to pronounce a new language correctly as
the correct pronunciation helps people
understand what you are saying. Good
pronunciation also helps people communicate
better with each other.)
When we are talking, what should we pay attention to?
( When speaking English, they need to pay
attention to pauses, intonation, correct pronunciation
of words and stress in words and sentences)Go over the guidelines on top of page 28, read aloud the following sentences.
The weather is good enough for a picnic today.
I’d like to attend the meeting this afternoon, but I’m very busy.
(In the first sentence, we stress the words ‘good’ and
‘picnic’ as they are the most important pieces of
information. While in the second sentence, we stress
‘like’, ‘attend’ and ‘busy’ as they are the most important
pieces of information.)asking about the crown jewels Step 2: Making a dialogue. One acts as the tourist and the other as the tour guide.Acting Sample answers
Tourist=t Tour guide=G
T: Excuse me, sir. I’m very interested in the crown jewels. Could you spare me a few minutes?
G: Sure.
T: Are the crown jewels real or just imitations?
G: Definitely real.
T: Are they insured?
G: No. Because they are so priceless that no company can insure them.
T: That sounds interesting. Then is there anyone who has ever tried to steal them?
G: Yes. In 1671, a man called Thomas blood did try it.T: What happened then?
G: He did not succeed. Instead, he was caught as soon as he got outside.
T: Great. Does anyone still wear them nowadays?
G: Yes. For example, the Imperial State Crown is worn at coronations.
T: Who was the last person to wear it?
G: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
T: When did it happen?
G: In 1953.
T: Wow. It seems that there are so many stories about them. I really learnt a lot.
G: You’re welcome. writing informally about a formal topic Skills building 3: 1. Revise the format of letter
What and how do we write on an envelope?
What information do we need to put on a letter sheet?
2. Read the instructions at the top of page 29 and try to understand how personal comments can be included in a more informal style of writing.
3. Suppose that you have just returned from an art exhibition about Guilin. There were photos and paintings on the topic. Please give your personal comments on the exhibition.
What impressed you most?
What was your favourite part of the exhibition?
What do you think needs more improvement?
What do you think of the exhibition as a whole? writing a letter back home Step 3: Possible example
25 Sept.
Dear Mum and Dad,
Hello from London! I have just come back from the Tower of London and I want to tell you all about it. The Tower of London has a long and interesting history. The Tower is not just one tower, but a whole complex of buildings. the Tower was built in 1066 by the Norman Duke William who conquered England. He originally built it as a palace to protect himself. However, much to my surprise, it was used as a prison later on. I read about one of the sad stories. It says Anne Boleyn was killed by her husband, King Henry VIII, in the Tower because she had failed to give birth to a son. In my opinion, the most popular part of the Tower for visitors is the Jewel House, where I saw the priceless crown jewels. At first, I thought they were just imitations but I was wrong, my tour guide also told me a really interesting story about the jewels. He said a man called Thomas Blood tried to steal the jewels in 1671, but was caught as soon as he got outside. So we were lucky enough to have a chance to see the jewels of great value. I hope you can come and see them one day.
Love,
(your own name) Language points 1. in general (P26)
general (COMMON) ?? adjective
involving or relating to most or all people, things or places, especially when these are considered as a unit: 公众的，社会一般的
The general feeling at the meeting was that a vote should be taken. There is general concern about rising crime rates. My general impression of the place was good. The talk is intended to be of general interest (= of interest to most people). UK FORMAL Rain will become more general in the south-east during the afternoon. 2 not detailed, but including the most basic or necessary information: 大概的， 笼统的
What he said was very general. The school aims to give children a general background in a variety of subjects.
I'm not an expert, so I can only speak in general terms on this matter.
3 including a lot of things or subjects and not limited to only one or a few: 一般的,非专门的
general knowledge
4 used as part of the title of a job of someone who is in charge of a whole organization or company: 总……, ……长(官)
the general manager in general 一般地, 概括地, 通常地
1 (ALSO as a general rule) usually, or in most situations: In general, men are taller than women. As a general rule, we don't allow children in the bar.
2 considering the whole of someone or something, and not just a particular part of them: So, apart from the bad ankle, how are you in general?高考链接1. （2003上海）
Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. ????? A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
2. （2005全国卷三）
_________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A．General speaking????????? B．Speaking general C．Generally speaking???????? D．Speaking generally 2. as a result (P26)
result ?? noun 1 [C or S] something that happens or exists because of something else: 结果
The road has been widened, but the result is just more traffic.
His broken leg is the direct result of his own carelessness.
I tried to repaint the kitchen walls with disastrous results.
To ensure good/the best results, use Italian tomatoes and fresh basil. 2 [C] the information you get from something such as a scientific experiment or medical test: 成绩
The results of the opinion poll showed that most women supported this action.
3 [C] the mark you receive after you have taken an exam or test: 成绩
I finished my exams yesterday, but I won't know/get the results until August.
4 [C] the answer to a calculation in mathematics: (计算的)答案
We used different methods of calculation, but we both got the same result. 5 [C] the score or number of votes, showing
the success or failure of the people involved,
in a competitive activity such as a sports competition
or an election: 比赛结果
the results of the local elections
the football results
We were expecting to win, so a draw was a
disappointing result for us.
result ?? verb [I] 造成(的……) 结果, 结果 (为……)
to happen or exist because something else has happened:
Teachers were not fully prepared for the major changes in the
exam system, and chaos resulted. as a result of sth because of something:
Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.
result from sth phrasal verb
If a situation or problem results from a particular event or activity, it is caused by it:
His difficulty in walking results from a childhood illness.
result in sth phrasal verb to cause a particular situation to happen:
The fire resulted in damage to their property.高考链接1. （2006广东）
Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost.? ____ , their political influence should be very great. ???? A. As a result??? B. As usual???? C. Even so???? D. So far
2. (北京33)
I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early _____ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 3. (2005江西26)
My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; _______, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise
4. (2006浙江14)
Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, _______, she gets well paid for it.
A. sooner or later B. what’s more
C. as a result D. more or less
5. (2005重庆24)
His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has _______ many good changes in their lives.
A. got through B. resulted from
C. turned into D. brought about in other words (P26)
expressed in a different way, that is to say 换句话说
in a word 总之 said when you are going to give your opinion about something briefly and directly: In a word, she's lying.
4. on the other hand (P26)
on the one hand ... on the other hand 一方面, 另一方面 used when you are comparing two different facts or two opposite ways of thinking about a situation: On the one hand I'd like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.on hand (UK ALSO to hand)
持有的, 现有的, 手头上的; 在近处的, 即将发生的
near to someone or something, and ready to help or be used if necessary:
A 1200-strong military force will be on hand to monitor the ceasefire.
in hand 在手上的/地; 进行中的,考虑中的; being worked on or dealt with now:
They've had plenty of time to prepare, so the arrangements should be well in hand (= almost ready).
at hand 在手边,
near in time or position:
We want to ensure that help is at hand (= easily available) for all children suffering abuse. near at hand即将来到
If something is near at hand, it is
near enough to you for you to reach it:
I like to have my books near at hand when I'm working.
hand in hand 手牵手, 携手,共同地 holding each other's hand:
I saw them walking hand in hand through town the other day.
go hand in hand with sth
If something goes hand in hand with something else, it is closely related to it and happens at the same time as it or as a result of it:
Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment.高考链接1. （2006浙江）
I would like a job which pays more, but ________ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A. in other words? B. on the other hand?
C. for one thing? D. as a matter of fact 2. （2006湖南）
As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _____. A. to use???? B. to be used???????? ?
C. to have used????? ? D. to be using 3. Children are likely to get _____ if no one cares about their upbringing. ?? A. out of hand???? B. out of order ?? C. out of place??? D. out of work
4. He offered to _____ her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry. ?? A. lend??? B. help??? C. show??? D. loan give birth to (page 27)
give birth 生… ; 造成… 原因 When a woman or female animal gives birth, she produces a baby from her body:
She gave birth to twins.
Our cat gave birth last night.
FIGURATIVE This extraordinary experience
gave birth to (= gave him the idea for) his latest novel. accuse (page 27)
accuse verb [T] (因…)
控告(人),指责(人等),谴责 to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal or unkind:
"It wasn't my fault." "Don't worry, I'm not accusing you.“
He's been accused of robbery/murder.
Are you accusing me of lying?
The surgeon was accused of negligence
the accused noun [C + singular or plural verb] LEGAL 被告发的,被控告的 marry (page 27)
marry ?verb
1 [I or T] to become the legally accepted husband or wife of someone in an official or religious ceremony: (与…)结婚,娶,嫁
Men tend to marry later than women.
Paul married Lucy four years ago.
They don't have any plans to marry at present.
2 [T] to perform the ceremony of marriage as a priest
or official: (牧师)主持…的婚礼,使结婚
The couple were married by the Archbishop of Canterbury .
married adjective 结婚的,已婚的 1 having a wife or husband: a married couple
We've been happily married for five years.
Please state whether you are single, cohabiting, married, separated, divorced or widowed.
PC Smith was married with two children.
So how are you enjoying married life?
She had an affair with a married man.
The survey reveals that two-thirds of married women earn less than their husbands.
So how long have you been married to Nicky? FIGURATIVE Rachel seems to be married to (= very involved with) her new job at the moment, so we hardly ever see her.
2 get married to begin a legal relationship with someone as their husband or wife:
When are you getting married?
Chris and Debbie got married last summer.
Jamie's getting married to Laura.高考链接My uncle ___ until he was forty-five. ??? A. married?????
B. didn't marry?
C. was not marrying?????
D. would marry 2. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding. A. will plan? B. has planned??
C. would plan ?D. had planned
3.—How long ______each other before they_ __married? ? —For about a year. ?? A. have they known; get?????????????
B. did they know; were going to get ?? C. do they know; are going to get??
D. had they known; got sentence sb to death (page 27)
sentence (PUNISHMENT) ?? noun [C] (罪行的)宣判，判刑
1 a punishment given by a judge in court to a person or organization after they have been found guilty of doing something wrong:
He got a heavy/light sentence (= He was severely/not severely punished).
The offence carries a jail/prison/life/5-year sentence.
He was given a non-custodial/suspended sentence.
2 pronounce sentence (of a judge) to say officially what a punishment will be:
The judge will pronounce sentence on the defendant this afternoon.
sentence ?? verb [T] LEGAL 给(某人)判刑,宣判(某人)(罪行)
He was sentenced to life imprisonment. manage to do (page 27)
1 [I or T] to succeed in doing something, especially something difficult: 设法做好，想办法达到
[+ to infinitive] Did you manage to get any bread?
I only just managed to finish on time.
A small dog had somehow managed to survive the fire.
I can't manage all this work on my own.
Don't worry about us - we'll manage!
Can you manage dinner on Saturday (= Will you be able to come to dinner)?
MAINLY UK I'm afraid I can't manage the time (= I'm too busy) to see you at the moment. 2 [I] to succeed in living on a small amount of money: 设法维持下去，设法过日子
After she lost her job, they had to manage on his salary.
manage (CONTROL) ? verb [T] 经营… 管理, 联营
to be responsible for controlling or organizing someone or something especially a business:
Has she had any experience of managing large projects?
He's not very good at managing people.
His job involved managing large investment funds.
When you have a job as well as children to look after, you have to learn how to manage your time. management ?noun [U]支配; 处理，操作
the control and organization of something:
The company has suffered from several years of bad management.
There is a need for stricter financial management.
a management training scheme
management ?group noun [C] 经营，管理，
the group of people responsible for controlling and organizing a company:
Management has/have offered staff a 3% pay increase.相关考题1.—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. ?—Thanks. You???????? it. I could manage it myself.
A．needn’t do ? B．needn’t have done?
C．mustn’t do? D．shouldn’t have done
2. Although he hasn’t any formal qualifications, Betas _____ to do well for himself. ?? A. managed??? B. succeeded???
C. arranged??? D. convinced make room for (page 27)
room (SPACE) ?? noun [U]
1 the amount of space that someone or something needs: (人, 物所占的) 空间，场所，位置
That sofa would take up too much room in the flat.
James took the books off the little table to make room for the television.
He's fainted! Don't crowd him - give him room.
Is there (enough/any) room for me in the car?
[+ to infinitive] There's hardly room to move in here.
2 opportunity for doing something: (接受、采纳事物的) 余地，余裕,必要，机会
I feel the company has little room for manoeuvre.Thank you!课件24张PPT。Welcome to the unit Unit 2 Witnessing timeAre you familiar with these famous Chinese historic sites ?The Forbidden City The Summer Palace The Ming Tombs The ruins of Yuanmingyuan The ruins of Yuanmingyuan are located in the suburbs of Beijing to the north-west of Qinghua Universty. Yuanmingyuan dates back to the Qing Dynasty. It has the reputation of being “the garden of gardens”. Unfortunately, it was destroyed in a fire. Our government has taken measures to repair it and much restoration work still needs to be done. Do you know anything about the historic sites in the pictures?discussionWhen was the Colosseum built?
(In the 1st century BC)
What was it used for?
(It was an amphitheatre or arena that was used for displays of combat and wild-beast shows.)
How big is it?
( It was designed to hold 50,000 spectators.)the ColosseumWhat is Suzhou famous for?
( It is famous for its splendid scenery, especially its classical gardens.)
Of all the gardens, which impressed you most? Classical gardens
of Suzhou (The Lingering Garden impressed me most. Before I visited the garden, I couldn’t help wondering why it was given that name. Only then did I understand the real meaning. Everyone was so fascinated by the beautiful scenery there that they lingered in the garden and were reluctant to leave.)Where was the temple complex built?
( In Cambodia)
When was it built?
(In the early years of the 12th century.)
Why was it built?
(It was built to honour the Hindu
god Vishnu.)Angkor WatSt Basil’s Cathedral When and where was the Cathedral built?
(In Moscow between 1555 and 1560.)
Do you know anything special about the Cathedral?
(The Cathedral consists of nine individual churches, each of which is crowned by a unique tower. The central tower is surrounded by eight-point light for mankind.)
What do you feel when seeing the church?
Are the towers in harmony with each other?Discussion1. Do you know anything about the historic sites in the pictures?
2. Do you think it is a good idea to rebuild historic sites that have been damaged or destroyed? Why or why not?
3. Which modern buildings do you think will be famous in 1,000 years? Of all the four historic sites, I know the classical gardens of Suzhou best. I have been to Suzhou twice and paid a visit to the classical gardens. They are so well designed and built that they look really natural. Of all the gardens, the Humble Administrator’s Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master-of-Nets Garden and the Mountain Villa are the most famous. Whenever you are there, you’ll be fascinated by Suzhou’s splendid scenery. It is no wonder that Suzhou is called the earthly paradise.1. Do you know anything about the historic sites in the pictures? In my point of view, it is a really good idea to rebuild historic sites that have been damaged or destroyed. Historic sites reflect the history and culture of a particular period, which helps people remember what has happened before so that they will not forget the past. Besides, rebuilding historic sites may promote local tourism. In turn, this may improve the local environment and preserve its natural beauty. In conclusion, I strongly recommend historic sites be rebuilt. 2. Do you think it is a good idea to rebuild historic sites that have been damaged or destroyed? Why or why not?
I think that the National Stadium in Beijing for the 2008 Olympics will be famous in 1,000 years. There’s no doubt that the venue will be a landmark in the city of Beijing. Not only can it accommodate a maximum of 100,000 spectators, but also its nest-like appearance from the outside reminds people of getting back to nature. That’s why people gave it the nickname, “the Bird Nest”. Your first sight of the design will surprise you. It’s so unique that you cannot take your eyes off it. 3. Which modern buildings do you think will be famous in 1,000 years?Language pointsWhile the pace of change in the modern world gets faster and faster, people are becoming more and more aware of the need to preserve the world’s cultural heritage.
1)while
while conjunction during the time that, or at the same time as: 当…..时候，在此期间
I read it while you were drying your hair.
While I was in Italy I went to see Alessandro.
I thought I heard him come in while we were having dinner.
"I'm going to the post office." "While you're there can you get me some stamps?"while (ALTHOUGH)
conjunction despite the fact that; although: 虽然
While I accept that he's not perfect in many respects, I do actually quite like the man.
While I fully understand your point of view, I do also have some sympathy with Michael's.while (BUT)
conjunction compared with the fact that; but: 而，但是
He gets fifty thousand pounds a year while I get a meagre twenty!
Tom is very extrovert and confident while Katy's shy and quiet.
I do every single bit of housework while he just does the dishes now and again.while (LENGTH OF TIME) 一会儿 （一点）时间
noun a while a length of time:
I only stayed for a short while.
You were there quite a while (= a long time), weren't you?
"When did that happen?" "Oh, it was a while ago (= a long time ago).
I haven't seen him for a while (= for a long time).
I'll be fine in a while (= soon).1.（06天津）
The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,??? ?? ?? the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A. since??????? B. when??????? C. as???????????? D. while
2. (06辽宁)
He was about halfway through his meal?????????? a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why ??? ? B. where??? C. when?? ?D. while高考链接高考链接3. (06浙江)
We don’t keep winning games _______ we keep playing well.
? A. because? B. unless? C. when? D. while2)aware:
aware adjective [after verb]
knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing:
[+ that] I wasn't even aware that he was ill.
Were you aware of the risks at the time?
She was well (= very) aware that he was married.
"Has Claude paid the phone bill?" "Not as far as I'm aware." (= I don't think so)
I suddenly became aware of (= started to notice) him looking at me.
2. having special interest in or experience of something and so being well informed of what is happening in that subject at the present time:
to be ecologically/politically aware
sexually aware
Environmental awareness has increased dramatically over the past decade.awareness
noun [U] Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously.Prepare the Reading part.Homework:
