课件24张PPT。Page 2Read again and fill in the blanksThere were two methods to find longitude: 1. _______________________
2._______________________measuring time and speedcompass and complicatedmathematical tablesWrite down the working principles of the following instruments:Bearing circle:
Astrolabe:
Quadrant:
Sextant:to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday.to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun.a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements.an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate, to measure the angle between tow fixed points outside the ship.1. Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?Because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude.2. Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude?Because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship’s position.DiscussWhat problems would you anticipate(预见，期望) for a sailing journey?I would anticipate very hot weather, cold weather, very stormy seas, and problems with food and water, etc.The greatest navigational journeyA lesson in survivalUsing languageTahitiTahitiTahitiFast readingMain idea The author experienced a marvellous navigational journey with Captain Bligh. With the wonderful leadership of Captain Bligh, we successfully went back
to England.Careful reading“true” or “false”I joined the captain in the small boat because I think the journey to be challengeable.
The only instruments the captain was allowed to take were a compass and a quadrant.FT3. We couldn't get a correct reading from the quadrant as the weather was bad.
4. Working out our position took us a great deal of time which made us worried.
5. The extreme lack of water was the hardest to cope with.FFT6. The captain was determined not to give up although he is extremely weak.
7. After 30 days, we arrived in Timor.TFDiscussionGet into groups of four and discuss these questions.1. Why do you think this writer describes his journey as one of the greatest in navigational history? Do you agree? Give your reasons.2. What kind of leadership qualities do you think Captain Bligh showed? Are these the only qualities needed for a good captain?Get into groups of four and discuss these questions.Useful expressionsWhy are you…? Why did you…? Because of … The reason is that ... As he… Now that … He …, so he is ill with fever after the voyage. It is …, so I’m afraid… How could you …? It was due to … It was because… Therefore, … Since he… That’s why….WritingWrite a report to your leader explaining to him why you think Captain Bligh should or should not receive the medal.课件43张PPT。sailing the oceanwarming upWhat is a navigator?
What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?A navigator explores new routes across the sea.A navigator explores the sea; an explorer discovers new places on land.navigatorseanautical instrumentsfind new islands or continentsNavigator is sb. who finds the position and plots the course of a ship by using maps and nautical instruments.explorerlanduse of compass and landmarksfind new places within an already identified island or continentExplorer is sb. who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used?
How do they work?compassastrolabesextanta bearing circlea bearing circle方位圆the first instrument to measure the sun’s position and the sun’s shadow a quadrant a special tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars an astrolabemeasure how high stars were above the horizonAlongitudelatitude an updated navigational instrument to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the shipsextanta nautical/sea chartreadingRead about what navigation was like before modern instruments were used.Sailing the oceansFast-reading to get the general idea.Page 1Read the passage and answer the following questions.What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( ) What is the use of a compass? ( ) A. to set the course of the ship B. to measure the position of the ship C. to measure the speed of the ship D. to tell the timeBAreturning home in the evening or fog.fresh seaweed, nesting birds2. Use the information to analyze the navigational skills and write the answers in your own words.To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor use _______________________.
A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw ________________________________.
Sailors used ____________________ ______ to increase their speed.the North Star and the sun.sea current or tides andwindsUsing nature Keeping alongside the coastline
Using celestial bodies
Using wildlife
Using the weather
Using the seaUsing celestial bodiesto plot the positionsto work out the latitudea special cloud formation indicates there is land close byUsing wildlifeIf seaweed was fresh and smelled strongly, the ship was close to land.Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen.Using the weatherfogTo help identify the position of a stream or river when they were close to land.To direct their sailingFast-reading to get the general idea. Then answer the questions.Page 21. Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?Speed and time are important in finding out the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.2. Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude?The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship’s position.Read again and fill in the blanksThere were two methods to find longitude: 1. _______________________
2._______________________measuring time and speedcompass and complicatedmathematical tablesWrite down the working principles of the following instruments:Bearing circle:
Astrolabe:
Quadrant:
Sextant:to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday.to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun.a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements.an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate, to measure the angle between tow fixed points outside the ship.horizonSun heightA Baring CircleBearing the sun--- height and azimuth(The marks were used to measure the shadow of the sun and its height and position in the sky.)DiscussSuppose your were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa. 1. What skills would you seek in your sailors?
2. What problems would you anticipate for this journey?1. What skills would you seek in your sailors?The sailors would need to be excellent navigators, able to cope with both hot and cold weather, experienced in sailing through very bad weather and able to co-operate in a team.2. What problems would you anticipate for this journey?I would anticipate very hot weather (around the equator), cold weather (around Cape of Good Hope), very stormy seas (around the Cape), and problems with food and water, etc.What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage?wait till the storm is over, and then find your new position and return to your original courseuse knots to find your speed and work out your approximate longitudeuse the compass and the astrolabe, quadrant or sextant to find out your position, return to your former course.follow nesting birds to shore; look for special cloud formations or fog over streams to find landuse a compassmeasure your position using the sun or stars; look for sea birds, cloud formations, fog or seaweed to show that land is nearbyWhat would you need for a week’s journey across the North Sea to England?shirt, trouserssoapblanketwaterproof bootsknife, scissorssea-sick tablets,learning about languageDiscovering useful words and expressionsReplace the words underlined by ones of similar meaning from the reading passage.Seeing the dark clouds above him, George hurried for home.
Sailing a boat alone far away from the shore made Flora’s parents worry about her safety.
Clare, would you please put your bicycle next to the others in the shed?offshoreoverhead alongside4. “Why don’t you plot a more simple route with the smallest number of stops?” asked Mary.
5. Setting out on a long journey by sea with unskilled sailors would be dangerous especially if there were no modern navigational instruments.simplifiedvoyageseamenFind the words from the reading passage that are the opposite of these compound wordsanywhere
upload
inward
unreliable
land flower
strong pointnowheredownloadoutwardreliableseaweedshortcomingWrite down the words you know, which are related to navigation and sea.navigationsail, sailor, voyage, latitude, longitude, equator, horizon, captain, land island, nautical middles, explore, exploration…seaseaman, seaweed, seafood, shore, offshore, onshore, beach, beach-ball, seabed, sea-bird, seagull, sea shell, seaside, sea water, seasick, coast, coastline, tide, wave, current…Complete the following paragraph with the words below.precise outward nowhere awkward reference seaweed accelerate mercy randomly voyage alongside approximateSamuel the sailor was extremely good at plotting his course using the stars as a ________. One day he was determined to set out on a _______ across an unknown sea to an unknown continent. He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the ______ of the sea. He found on his ________ journey a rocky island. It seemed to be covered in nest. Suddenly, as Samuel looked, an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as if referencevoyagemercyoutwardhe were a/an ________ parcel. It __________ its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the _______ place on the rocks where its nest lay. Once there, it shook itself and threw Samuel in the _____________ direction of the nest. There seemed to be ________ to hide but then he noticed lots of _______ on his left and quickly hid under it. The bird landed nearby and pecked ________ at the rocks. Samuelacceleratedawkwardpreciseapproximatenowhereseaweedrandomlyrolled over swiftly and found himself at the edge of the cliff. He looked down slowly with a beating heart. Below him was his boat lying _________ the shore! “How lucky I am!” Samuel thought to himself. He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it. Once inside he could safely sail away.alongsideBye-bye!Unit2 Sailing the ocean
一 词汇
However, it was a_______ to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.
This was a more precise and s_______ version of the astrolabe.
It proved to be the most accurate and r_______ of these early navigational instruments.
This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the m___________ amount of risk.
5. Once we were at sea, our r_______ every day was the same.
There is a special cloud formation which i_________ there is land close by.
Seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were o__________ and in the open sea.
Wise seamen could a____________ the speed, but they could also be dangerous.
There is no s_______ method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical problem.
An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a k_________ rope tied to a log over the side of the ship.
The compass has a special m_________ pointer which always indicates the North Pole.
The sextant was the u_________ version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes.
It was s_______ quantities but the extreme lack of water was the hardest to cope with psychologically.
The d_____________ of staying on the ship seemed to grow as I thought about how wrong it was to treat Captain Bligh in this way.
The t__________ in the boat got worse as the supply of food and water gradually disappeared.
二 语法填空
I am proud to have sailed with Captain Bligh ____1___ his journey of over 40 days through about 4,000 miles in an open boat across _____2____ Pacific Ocean in 1789. Our outward voyage in the “Bounty” to Tahiti ______3____ (fill) with the kind of incidents that I ____4____ (think) would be my stories when I returned home. ___5____ how wrong I was! On our departure ____6____ Tahiti , some of the crew took over the ship. They deposited the captain into a small ____7____ to let him find his own way home. But ____8__ else was to go with? Those of us on board the “Bounty” ____9____ (catch) in a dilemma. Was it ____10___ (good) to risk certain death by sitting close together on a small, crowded open boat with very little food and water?
三 翻译句子
1．我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋探索的。
2．在看不见陆地的时候，可以用海鸟来指明通往陆地的去路。 (be used to do)
3．你简直无法想象我们被放逐在小船上漂泊了40天后在帝汶岛登陆时的凄惨样子。
4．在公园里，我看见一个小男孩手持风筝线，风筝在他的头顶上正由风摆布，忽上忽下。（overhead, at the mercy of）
5．他总是使我们忙个不停，并且竭力使我们忘记饥渴。（take one’s minds off）
参考答案
一 词汇
1. awkward 2. simplified 3. reliable 4. minimum 5.routine
6. indicates 7. offshore 8. accelerate 9. secure 10. knotted
11. magnetic 12. updated 13. starvation 14. drawback 15. tension
二 语法填空
1.on 2.the 3. had been filled 4. thought 5. But 6. from 7. boat 8. who 9. were caught 10. better
三 翻译句子
1.We may well wonder how seaman explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position on a map.
2. Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen.
3. You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like when arriving in Timor over forty days after being set loose in our small boat.
4. In the park I saw a small boy holding the string of a kite overhead, which was rising and falling at the mercy of the wind.
5. He kept us busy and tried to take our minds off our stomachs and our thirst.
