一句话语法(天津市塘沽区)
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2007高考复习系列知识
很多同学看了很多语法书, 可是觉得自己做题的时候, 自己对语法掌握得还不是很好. 当然原因很多. 其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情), 比如哪些词可以做主语, 背得很熟, 可是做题时却用不上. 其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握 本站将推出高考语法复习专题, 从高考的角度来讲语法 希望对有需要的同学有帮助.
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours （代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one （数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词)，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six （时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢 对喽,就是原因状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold
C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that B. when C. in which D. where
前三题做不做都可以 第四题答案: 1-5 CBDBB 6-10 ACBAB
大家重点做一下第四题,有些题目比较难(当然是相对于我们刚复习的语法而言,比如第一题是定语从句,这个我们还没有复习到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完题之后,回过头来再看一下一句话语法是不是很有用.
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
特点: 用句号结束一个句子
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating How old is he Is he six or seven years old Mary can swim, can’t she
疑问句就是问句
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
祈使句: 表示命令或者请求. 和有没有主语没有关系
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
还有一个结构是用 what. how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了.
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：
e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不要和自己较劲
（四）高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。
如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（ ）. I'm fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. It's great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ） Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）.
三、选择填空：重点做
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and B. or C. if D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____
A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____
A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____
A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____
A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then B. but C. and D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when
you left the room last night.
A. and B. but C. so D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing,
____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or B. for C. while D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home
---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today ” ----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t B. No, he isn’t C. No, he is D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or B. so C. for D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but B. and C. or D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since B. but C. because D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.
---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight
---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read ” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was
talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____ ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________
（完成反意疑问）
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）
5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)
6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）
8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________ （完成反意疑问）
9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.
（对画线部分提问）
一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句
二、
I hope you are very well（复合句）. I'm fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（简单句）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（简单句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These parties often make us very happy（简单句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. It's great（ 简单句）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my friends drink beer（简单句）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）. There are five different time areas in the States（简单句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）. How many different time areas do you have in China（简单句） Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）.
三、1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD
四、1. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth. 2. How long have they lived here 3. won’t there 4. Be careful with your pronunciation. 5. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening 6. What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is! 7. How often does this magazine come out 8. could they 9. How brightly the moon is shining! 10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class
高考语法复习二、主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag / Which are your bags / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6、一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right
2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
语法复习二、主谓一致
1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
key: A who指的是I; I am 所以who am
2. The rich ____ not always happy.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
key: A the+adj 指一类人,当然用复数了; be happy,所以不用have
3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.
A.are B.am C.is D.was
key: A 就近原则;主语是Jack and I
4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
key: C 句子主语Mary; as well as her sisters不是主语
5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
key: A 就近原则
6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us
____ good painters.,
A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is
key: C 第一空就近原则
7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like
key: B
8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
A.was B.is C. would be D.are
key: D population这个词指人,谓语用复数;指数字,谓语用单数
9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
key: A
10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.
A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been
key: D means不是复数,是一个单词,意思是方法手段
11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished
key: A
12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the meeting
this afternoon.
A.is B.was C.are D.is being
key: C the League secretary和 the monitor 两个人;比较: the doctor and writer is coming...
13. The great writer and professor____.
A. is an old man B. are both old men
C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese
key: A
14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
key: B 就近原则
15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
key: A a large number of... 很多,相当于many的用法;比较: the number of...指的是数字,所以谓语动词用单数的形式
16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people
leave things as they are.
A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed
key: A
17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
key: A the Arabian Nights-天方夜谭,这是一本书,谓语动词当然用单数了.
18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.
A. has been B.have been C.was D.is
key: B works 著作,作品 毛主席选集已经出版了,当然是复数了.
19. A chemical works____ built there.
A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been
key: D works 工厂
20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five
key: B
21 .The United States of America ____one of the most developed
countries in the world.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
key: A 主语是一个国家
22.He is the only one of the students who ____ elected.
A. are B.have C.has D.is
key: D 比较: He is one of the students who are elected.
23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A.have B.has C. have been D.has been
key: C
24.Many a man ____ come to help us.
A.have B.has C.is D.are
key: B 这个把它背下来
25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said.
A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are
key: A 第一个all 指所有人;第二个all是情况
26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared
in a theatre.
A. is searching for B. were searching for
C. are searching for D. were searching
key: B 是警方的人,不是一个单位;search 为搜(身);search for=look for
27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.
A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them
key: C 有人戏说裤子两条腿,所以是复数.有道理
28.This pair of trousers ____ too long for him.
A.is B.be C.are D.were
key: A 注意主语不是裤子,是pair, this pair
29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
key: A a +名词+and a half , one and a half + 名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two bananas have been left on the table.
30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.
A.is B.are C.get D.equal
key: A
高考语法复习二
主谓一致这个语法,规则记住就可以.如果觉得规则太多,很难一时记住,可以配合练习题解析来记
语法复习二、主谓一致
31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes
key: A 把ten minutes看成一个整体.
32.____of the money____ nm out.
A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been
C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have
key: C 第一空分数表达法,当分子大于1的时候,分母用复数;主语
是money,不可数.
33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B. is listening to C.are listening D. is listening
key: A the whole class 指全体学生
34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
key: A the rest 后面用单数还是复数,取决于它所指代的事物.如果指代不可数名词,当然用当数;如果指代可数名词,要看它所指代的是几个,如果是一个也要用单数.
35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.
A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are
key: B 注意这是倒装句,主语是the teaching building
36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.
A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need
key: A 主语是A large quantities of 用法相当于much;比较: several bottles of water are needed. 这时句子的主语就是bottle,所以谓语动词用复数
37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.
A. is B.was C.are D.all
key: A 主语从句.相当于 It is now clear to us all that they were wrong in these matters.
38.What we need____ good textbooks.
A.is B.are C.have D.has
key: B 我们需要的东西是好的教科书,也就是说what we need 所指是教科书们
39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.
A.have something to at B. has something to do with
C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with
key: B
40. More than one member ____ against the plan.
A. is B.are C.has D.have
key: A
41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.
A. has not decided B. is not decided
C. are not decided D. have not decided
key: B When and where to build the new factory讲的是一个事情
42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.
A. are B. has C. is D. have
key: C
43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently
A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is
key: C
44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be
key: C Mathematics 数学
45. My family ____ small.
A. is B. were C. are D. makes
key: A 所指不是家里的人,而是把家作为一个单位来说.
46. The following ____ some other examples.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
key: A the following指代的是一些其它的例子们
47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.
A. is B. will be C. was D. are
key: D
48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.
A. is B. are C. was D. has
key: B
49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
key: B
50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
key: C
比较一下48-50三个题
51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
key: B 就近原则
52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
key: A 同51
53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.
A. are B. were C. is D. will
key: C An iron and steel works 钢铁厂,不是钢厂和铁厂;
54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.
A. are B. were C. will D. is
key: D
55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
key: A
56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
key: B 强调句式,原句: I am going to attend the meeting tomorrow.对主语进行强调.注意强调句式只是用 it is/was....that/who(指人时可以使用who,当然也可以使用that)...这个结构改变词序,其它的什么也不能动.
57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.
A. is B. are C. is from D. are from
key: D
58. Many a man ____ the novel.
A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read
key: A
59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
key: A
60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
key: B
高考语法复习三
很多同学看了很多语法书, 可是觉得自己做题的时候, 自己对语法掌握得还不是很好. 当然原因很多. 其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情), 比如哪些词可以做主语, 背得很熟, 可是做题时却用不上. 其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握 本站推出语法复习专题, 从高考的角度来讲语法 希望对有需要的同学有帮助.
本专题使用的材料来源于网络,作者不祥. 本编写组在原来的基础上进一步做了解析。
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习三：名词性从句
在前面我们已经知道了什么是句子.我们可以这样解释什么叫从句:在一个句子的前面加上一个连接词,这个句子就变成了从句.如果这个从句做了主语,它就是主语从句.其它的以此类推.
注: 1.特殊疑问句本身可以做从句,它不需要加连接词.
2.所有的从句要使用陈述语序. 陈述语序: 句子第一个词永远是主语;第二个词可能是情态动词\助动词等加上动词,或者是动词本身.
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
名词性从句,顾名思义,它具有名词性.所以可以作主语,宾语等等.回忆一下句子成分那一章
（一）引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, that
（二）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
Who will go is not important.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
3、that引导主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。
That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
实用例句:
Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the headmaster
Does it make any difference who bought these gifts
How strange it is that these children are so quiet!
注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether.
（三）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
The question was who could go there.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether.
（四）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
if和whether区别
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，
容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
They don’t know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time. 状语从句
实用例句: 使用it作形式宾语
I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
注意: 形式主语和形式宾语只有一个替代词: it
（五）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody
高考语法复习三
语法复习三：名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
参考答案: 1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation
in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting
surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
参考答案: 1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether
三、选择填空：
1. Do you see _____ I mean
A. that B./ C. how D. what
key: D 宾语从句 that引导宾语从句无词义,也不作成分.mean是及物动词,必须有宾语.所以不选A; how是副词,也不能作mean的宾语.what I mean, what I did, what I said,等是一个非常重要的名词结构.
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
key: B what is on your mind 是what名词结构．句意：告诉我你的心事．
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what B. that C. / D. how
key: A
4. Let me see _____.
A. that can I repair the radio B. whether I can repair the radio
C. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio
key: B 从句使用陈述语序 注意选项C可以看成是省略了that的宾语从句,在语法上来讲它是正确的,但语义不通.
5. Keep in mind _____.
A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say
C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said
key: D what名词结构作keep宾语.
6. Could you advise me _____
A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first
C. that book I should read first D. which book I should read first
key: D
7. He was criticized for _____.
A. he had done it B. what he had done
C. what had he done D. that he had done it
key: B
8. Would you kindly tell me _____
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
key: B
9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China
C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China
key: C
10. We took it for granted ___
A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming
C. they were coming not D. were they not coining
key: A
11. I really don't know _____
A. I should do next B. what should I do next
C. what I should do next D. how I should do next
key: C
12. I'm afraid _____.
A. the little girl will have to be operated on
B. that will the little girl have to operate on
C. the little girl will have to operate on
D. that will the little girl have to be operated on
key: A
13. She walked up to _____ .
A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there
key: B where I stood 我站的地方
14. Can you tell me _____
A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman
key: C 陈述语序
15. We'll give you _____.
A. that do you need B. what do you need
C. whatever you need D. whether do you need
key: C whatever: 1. no matter what 表示让步,副词性 2. anything that ,名词性
如果一个副词性的疑问词加上ever后缀,它只具有副词性.如 whenever=no matter when; however 它是一个很特殊的词: 1.表示转折关系,副词,词义:然而 2.no matter how 无论怎么
16. They want us to know _____ to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they
key: B what they can (do), what作do的宾语.
17. We must put _____ into practice.
A. what we have learned B. that we have learned
C. that have we learned D. what have we learned
key: A
18. Did she say anything about _____
A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be done
C. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done
key: D
19. He was never satisfied with _____.
A. what she had achieved B. had what she achieved
C. she had achieved D. that she achieved
key: A
20. These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
key: B
高考语法复习三
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习三：名词性从句
21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A. on that B. what C. that D. on which
key: C insist 后面加that从句要用虚拟的形式: should+v, should可省略
22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
A. when B. where C. why D. that
key: D 同上
23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
A. what you did B. that you had done
C. that what you did D. what did you do
key: A
24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.
A. what B. that C. which D./
key: A
25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
A. what 1 know of him B. that I do know of him
C. what do I know of him D. that do I know of him
key: A
26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. someone
key: C any one who wants to have it
27._____ they will come here hasn't been decided yet.
A. What B. That C . When D. Where
key: C
28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
A. Who B. The thing C. Whatever D. Where
key: C
29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
A. if B. that C. what D. when
key: D
30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
A. If or not B. Whether or not C. If D. That
key: B
31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
key: A
32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
A. what B. that C. why D. where
key: B
33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
A. That B. When C. What D. Whether
key: C
34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
A. if B. whether C. why D. that
key: D
比较: It hasn't been decided whether he will be sent there.
35. It doesn't matter _____he' s come back or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
key: B
36. It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
A. when B. that C. why D. where
key: B
37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.
A. when B. why C. where D. that
key: D it happened that... 碰巧...
38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. What B. That C. Which D. The things
key: A
39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
key: C anyone who
比较: who left the room last is being looked into.
40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.
A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That
key: D
41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
A. That B. Whoever C. Whether D. Whether or not
key: B anyone who
42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
A. What B. Whether C. That D. Whatever
key: C
43. Has it been announced _____
A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off
C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off
key: D
44. That is _____ we all support his idea.
A. what B. why C. where D. when
key: B
45. That’s _____ we should do.
A. that B. what C. how D. why
key: B
46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said
A. What; that; what B. What; what; what
C. That; that; what D. Why; that; which
key: A
47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.
A. when B. why C. that D. what
key: D
48. That’s _____ I want to say.
A. all what B. what C. all which D. what that
key: B
49. That’s _____ .
A. where our differences lie B. our differences lie there
C. where do our differences lie D. that where our differences lie
key: A
50. That is _____ .
A. where lived he there B. where did he live
C. where he lived D. that where he lived
key: C
51. The questions is _____.
A. whether is it worth doing B. that if it is worth doing
C. whether it is worth doing D. if it is worth doing
key: C
52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
A. how B. which C. what D. as
key: C
53. That's_____.
A. how did I become a teacher B. how I became a teacher
C. how a teacher I became D. that I became a teacher
key: B
54. They are just _____.
A. that what shall I have B. what shall I have
C. that I shall have what D. what I shall have
key: D
55. It looked ____.
A. as if it was going to rain B. that as if it was going to rain
C. as if was it going to rain D. as if that it was going to rain
key: A
56. That's_____.
A. how she did it B. that how did she do it.
C. how did she do it D. what she did it
key: A 注意选项D,多了一个词: it
57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
A. where B. which C. that D. why
key: D
58. That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.
A. where B. at which C. there where D. when
key: A
59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
A. if B. that C. when that D. that where
key: B
60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
A. what B. that C. why D. if
key: B
61. We heard the news _____ our team had won.
A. that B. what C. whether D. why
key: A
62. The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
A. why B. if C. that D. whether
key: C
63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.
A. that B. where C. that when D. when
key: D
64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.
A. whether B. that C. why D. when
key: B
65. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. where has he gone D. which place he has gone
key: A
高考语法复习四
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习四：定语从句
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首(大家想一想什么叫从句来的 在一个句子前面加上连词.在定语从句中这个连词叫做关系词.关系词的概念是:既要起连接作用,又要在从句中做成分)，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.
（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
关系词的概念是:既要起连接作用,又要在从句中做成分,那么怎么作这个成分呢(下面的用法要牢记哟):
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
定语从句分为: 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句.怎么区分,对于我们初学者来说记住:非限制性定语从句前面或者后面有逗号!
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，
甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.
（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father , who is over sixty,(看好这就是非限定性从语从句.注意到逗号了吗 ) still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.
没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；
②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
注意: that与which的区别非常多了,很难记住. 一句话语法: 逗号后/介词后使用which,其它用that一定不会错
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
一句话语法: as 用法—
1. 固定结构中,比如 such... as so...as to ...;
2.如果句子译成正如...一样,一定使用 as
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.
住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
一句话语法: 看一个第一个例子, who 指代的是哪个, the man, 所以只能是 who lives
3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which
( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
为什么会是这样: 关系副词=介词 + which
October 1, 1949 was the day which the People’s Republic of China
was founded on.
看一下上面这个句子,看懂了吗 which 在从句中做on的宾语(宾语有两个,前面讲过的,一个是动词宾语,另一个是介词宾语). 再看下面这个例子:
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
等量代换!
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
高考语法复习四：定语从句
很多同学看了很多语法书, 可是觉得自己做题的时候, 自己对语法掌握得还不是很好. 当然原因很多. 其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情), 比如哪些词可以做主语, 背得很熟, 可是做题时却用不上. 其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握 本站推出语法复习专题, 从高考的角度来讲语法 希望对有需要的同学有帮助.
本专题使用的材料来源于网络,作者不祥. 本编写组在原来的基础上进一步做了解析
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习四：定语从句
下面我们来做练习:
一句话语法: 看看从句缺主语吗
缺,先行词指人还是物
不缺,往下来
缺宾语吗
(注意要看好,一是动词有没有宾语;二是介词有没有宾语)
缺,哪些先行词可作宾语
不缺,怎么办 考虑用关系副词呀,就是 when where why
注意: 如果你发现关系词后面的名词前面什么也没有,光秃秃的,一定要考虑是不是应该用whose
1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.
A. who B. which C. whom D. when
2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily
A. when B. where C. which D. who
5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera
____ he lost last week.
A. which B. that C. whom D. as
1-5 ABACD
6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning
A. when B. where C. which D. who
8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there
A. who B. / C. that D. when
9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who
10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which
6-10 CDCCA
11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
12. The man ____ around our school is from America.
A. which you showed B. you showed him
C. you showed D. where you showed
13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who
14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____
were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you
A. that B. whom C. when D. whose
11-15 CCADA
16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. all
17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly
welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those
18. This is the very letter ____came last night.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.
A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one
20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where B. / C. when D. what
16-20 ACCAB
21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. on which
22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.
A. which B. in which C. that D. /
23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which
24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow
A. that B. which C. its D. whose
25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom
21-25 ABBDC
26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago
A. the one B. where C. in which D. /
28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it B. which C. that D. he
30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already
seven other people.
A. when there were B. which there were
C. that there were D. where there were
26-30 ADABD
31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.
A. which B. whose C. where D. in that
32. ---- What game is popular with them ---- The ____ most is tennis.
A. game they like it B. game they like
C. best game they like D. best game they like it
33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.
A. when B. that C. at which D. where
31-35 BBDCA
36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
A. which B. as C. that D. it
38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.
A. whose B. that C. whom D. who
40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.
A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which
36-40 CABCC
41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind
A. why B. which C. for that D. of which
42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed
44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
A. It B. Which C. As D. That
45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.
A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what
41-45 AADCD
46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
48. He is absent ____ is often the case.
A. what B. which C. who D. as
49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which 46-50 BBDAB
51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with
the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
52. This is the only book ____ I can find.
A. that B. which C. it D. with which
53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.
A. something could do B. anything we could do
C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do
51-56 BAABAD
高考语法复习五
语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语
一、强调句
（一）强调句句型
1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（强调主语且主语指人可以用who,当然也可以使用that）+ 其它部分。
强调句式只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)改变位置,所以把强调结构(it is/was... that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。这是重点
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping
3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ 一定要注意,这是出题点,也是考点,掌握它的最好方法是多记几个这样的句子,最后一定会融会贯通的.
e.g. When and where was it that you were born
认真研究下面的例句.体会一句话语法: 强调句式只是把句子中某些词
(被强调部分)改变位置,所以把强调结构(it is/was... that/who)
去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。
（二）not … until … 句型的强调句 这也是出题点和考点,掌握的方法: 多记几个这样的句子,最后一定会融会贯通的.
1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）谓语动词的强调
1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，
用助动词do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。
二、It的用法
（一）作人称代词
1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）
They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it.
（it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high.
（it代替前面的tree）
The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）
3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。
e.g. ---- Someone is knoc
很多同学看了很多语法书, 可是觉得自己做题的时候, 自己对语法掌握得还不是很好. 当然原因很多. 其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情), 比如哪些词可以做主语, 背得很熟, 可是做题时却用不上. 其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握 本站将推出高考语法复习专题, 从高考的角度来讲语法 希望对有需要的同学有帮助.
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours （代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one （数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词)，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six （时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢 对喽,就是原因状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold
C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that B. when C. in which D. where
前三题做不做都可以 第四题答案: 1-5 CBDBB 6-10 ACBAB
大家重点做一下第四题,有些题目比较难(当然是相对于我们刚复习的语法而言,比如第一题是定语从句,这个我们还没有复习到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完题之后,回过头来再看一下一句话语法是不是很有用.
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
特点: 用句号结束一个句子
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating How old is he Is he six or seven years old Mary can swim, can’t she
疑问句就是问句
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
祈使句: 表示命令或者请求. 和有没有主语没有关系
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
还有一个结构是用 what. how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了.
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：
e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不要和自己较劲
（四）高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。
如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（ ）. I'm fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. It's great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ） Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）.
三、选择填空：重点做
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and B. or C. if D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____
A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____
A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____
A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____
A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then B. but C. and D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when
you left the room last night.
A. and B. but C. so D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing,
____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or B. for C. while D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home
---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today ” ----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t B. No, he isn’t C. No, he is D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or B. so C. for D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but B. and C. or D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since B. but C. because D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.
---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight
---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read ” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was
talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____ ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________
（完成反意疑问）
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）
5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)
6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）
8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________ （完成反意疑问）
9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.
（对画线部分提问）
一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句
二、
I hope you are very well（复合句）. I'm fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（简单句）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（简单句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These parties often make us very happy（简单句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. It's great（ 简单句）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my friends drink beer（简单句）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）. There are five different time areas in the States（简单句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）. How many different time areas do you have in China（简单句） Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）.
三、1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD
四、1. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth. 2. How long have they lived here 3. won’t there 4. Be careful with your pronunciation. 5. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening 6. What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is! 7. How often does this magazine come out 8. could they 9. How brightly the moon is shining! 10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class
高考语法复习二、主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag / Which are your bags / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6、一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right
2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
语法复习二、主谓一致
1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
key: A who指的是I; I am 所以who am
2. The rich ____ not always happy.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
key: A the+adj 指一类人,当然用复数了; be happy,所以不用have
3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.
A.are B.am C.is D.was
key: A 就近原则;主语是Jack and I
4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
key: C 句子主语Mary; as well as her sisters不是主语
5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
key: A 就近原则
6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us
____ good painters.,
A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is
key: C 第一空就近原则
7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like
key: B
8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
A.was B.is C. would be D.are
key: D population这个词指人,谓语用复数;指数字,谓语用单数
9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
key: A
10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.
A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been
key: D means不是复数,是一个单词,意思是方法手段
11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished
key: A
12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the meeting
this afternoon.
A.is B.was C.are D.is being
key: C the League secretary和 the monitor 两个人;比较: the doctor and writer is coming...
13. The great writer and professor____.
A. is an old man B. are both old men
C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese
key: A
14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
key: B 就近原则
15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
key: A a large number of... 很多,相当于many的用法;比较: the number of...指的是数字,所以谓语动词用单数的形式
16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people
leave things as they are.
A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed
key: A
17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
key: A the Arabian Nights-天方夜谭,这是一本书,谓语动词当然用单数了.
18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.
A. has been B.have been C.was D.is
key: B works 著作,作品 毛主席选集已经出版了,当然是复数了.
19. A chemical works____ built there.
A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been
key: D works 工厂
20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five
key: B
21 .The United States of America ____one of the most developed
countries in the world.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
key: A 主语是一个国家
22.He is the only one of the students who ____ elected.
A. are B.have C.has D.is
key: D 比较: He is one of the students who are elected.
23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A.have B.has C. have been D.has been
key: C
24.Many a man ____ come to help us.
A.have B.has C.is D.are
key: B 这个把它背下来
25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said.
A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are
key: A 第一个all 指所有人;第二个all是情况
26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared
in a theatre.
A. is searching for B. were searching for
C. are searching for D. were searching
key: B 是警方的人,不是一个单位;search 为搜(身);search for=look for
27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.
A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them
key: C 有人戏说裤子两条腿,所以是复数.有道理
28.This pair of trousers ____ too long for him.
A.is B.be C.are D.were
key: A 注意主语不是裤子,是pair, this pair
29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
key: A a +名词+and a half , one and a half + 名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two bananas have been left on the table.
30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.
A.is B.are C.get D.equal
key: A
高考语法复习二
主谓一致这个语法,规则记住就可以.如果觉得规则太多,很难一时记住,可以配合练习题解析来记
语法复习二、主谓一致
31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes
key: A 把ten minutes看成一个整体.
32.____of the money____ nm out.
A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been
C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have
key: C 第一空分数表达法,当分子大于1的时候,分母用复数;主语
是money,不可数.
33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B. is listening to C.are listening D. is listening
key: A the whole class 指全体学生
34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
key: A the rest 后面用单数还是复数,取决于它所指代的事物.如果指代不可数名词,当然用当数;如果指代可数名词,要看它所指代的是几个,如果是一个也要用单数.
35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.
A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are
key: B 注意这是倒装句,主语是the teaching building
36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.
A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need
key: A 主语是A large quantities of 用法相当于much;比较: several bottles of water are needed. 这时句子的主语就是bottle,所以谓语动词用复数
37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.
A. is B.was C.are D.all
key: A 主语从句.相当于 It is now clear to us all that they were wrong in these matters.
38.What we need____ good textbooks.
A.is B.are C.have D.has
key: B 我们需要的东西是好的教科书,也就是说what we need 所指是教科书们
39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.
A.have something to at B. has something to do with
C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with
key: B
40. More than one member ____ against the plan.
A. is B.are C.has D.have
key: A
41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.
A. has not decided B. is not decided
C. are not decided D. have not decided
key: B When and where to build the new factory讲的是一个事情
42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.
A. are B. has C. is D. have
key: C
43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently
A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is
key: C
44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be
key: C Mathematics 数学
45. My family ____ small.
A. is B. were C. are D. makes
key: A 所指不是家里的人,而是把家作为一个单位来说.
46. The following ____ some other examples.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
key: A the following指代的是一些其它的例子们
47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.
A. is B. will be C. was D. are
key: D
48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.
A. is B. are C. was D. has
key: B
49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
key: B
50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
key: C
比较一下48-50三个题
51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
key: B 就近原则
52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
key: A 同51
53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.
A. are B. were C. is D. will
key: C An iron and steel works 钢铁厂,不是钢厂和铁厂;
54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.
A. are B. were C. will D. is
key: D
55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
key: A
56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
key: B 强调句式,原句: I am going to attend the meeting tomorrow.对主语进行强调.注意强调句式只是用 it is/was....that/who(指人时可以使用who,当然也可以使用that)...这个结构改变词序,其它的什么也不能动.
57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.
A. is B. are C. is from D. are from
key: D
58. Many a man ____ the novel.
A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read
key: A
59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
key: A
60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
key: B
高考语法复习三
很多同学看了很多语法书, 可是觉得自己做题的时候, 自己对语法掌握得还不是很好. 当然原因很多. 其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情), 比如哪些词可以做主语, 背得很熟, 可是做题时却用不上. 其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握 本站推出语法复习专题, 从高考的角度来讲语法 希望对有需要的同学有帮助.
本专题使用的材料来源于网络,作者不祥. 本编写组在原来的基础上进一步做了解析。
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习三：名词性从句
在前面我们已经知道了什么是句子.我们可以这样解释什么叫从句:在一个句子的前面加上一个连接词,这个句子就变成了从句.如果这个从句做了主语,它就是主语从句.其它的以此类推.
注: 1.特殊疑问句本身可以做从句,它不需要加连接词.
2.所有的从句要使用陈述语序. 陈述语序: 句子第一个词永远是主语;第二个词可能是情态动词\助动词等加上动词,或者是动词本身.
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
名词性从句,顾名思义,它具有名词性.所以可以作主语,宾语等等.回忆一下句子成分那一章
（一）引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, that
（二）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
Who will go is not important.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
3、that引导主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。
That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
实用例句:
Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the headmaster
Does it make any difference who bought these gifts
How strange it is that these children are so quiet!
注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether.
（三）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
The question was who could go there.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether.
（四）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
if和whether区别
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，
容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
They don’t know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time. 状语从句
实用例句: 使用it作形式宾语
I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
注意: 形式主语和形式宾语只有一个替代词: it
（五）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody
高考语法复习三
语法复习三：名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
参考答案: 1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation
in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting
surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
参考答案: 1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether
三、选择填空：
1. Do you see _____ I mean
A. that B./ C. how D. what
key: D 宾语从句 that引导宾语从句无词义,也不作成分.mean是及物动词,必须有宾语.所以不选A; how是副词,也不能作mean的宾语.what I mean, what I did, what I said,等是一个非常重要的名词结构.
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
key: B what is on your mind 是what名词结构．句意：告诉我你的心事．
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what B. that C. / D. how
key: A
4. Let me see _____.
A. that can I repair the radio B. whether I can repair the radio
C. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio
key: B 从句使用陈述语序 注意选项C可以看成是省略了that的宾语从句,在语法上来讲它是正确的,但语义不通.
5. Keep in mind _____.
A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say
C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said
key: D what名词结构作keep宾语.
6. Could you advise me _____
A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first
C. that book I should read first D. which book I should read first
key: D
7. He was criticized for _____.
A. he had done it B. what he had done
C. what had he done D. that he had done it
key: B
8. Would you kindly tell me _____
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
key: B
9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China
C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China
key: C
10. We took it for granted ___
A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming
C. they were coming not D. were they not coining
key: A
11. I really don't know _____
A. I should do next B. what should I do next
C. what I should do next D. how I should do next
key: C
12. I'm afraid _____.
A. the little girl will have to be operated on
B. that will the little girl have to operate on
C. the little girl will have to operate on
D. that will the little girl have to be operated on
key: A
13. She walked up to _____ .
A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there
key: B where I stood 我站的地方
14. Can you tell me _____
A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman
key: C 陈述语序
15. We'll give you _____.
A. that do you need B. what do you need
C. whatever you need D. whether do you need
key: C whatever: 1. no matter what 表示让步,副词性 2. anything that ,名词性
如果一个副词性的疑问词加上ever后缀,它只具有副词性.如 whenever=no matter when; however 它是一个很特殊的词: 1.表示转折关系,副词,词义:然而 2.no matter how 无论怎么
16. They want us to know _____ to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they
key: B what they can (do), what作do的宾语.
17. We must put _____ into practice.
A. what we have learned B. that we have learned
C. that have we learned D. what have we learned
key: A
18. Did she say anything about _____
A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be done
C. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done
key: D
19. He was never satisfied with _____.
A. what she had achieved B. had what she achieved
C. she had achieved D. that she achieved
key: A
20. These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
key: B
高考语法复习三
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习三：名词性从句
21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A. on that B. what C. that D. on which
key: C insist 后面加that从句要用虚拟的形式: should+v, should可省略
22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
A. when B. where C. why D. that
key: D 同上
23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
A. what you did B. that you had done
C. that what you did D. what did you do
key: A
24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.
A. what B. that C. which D./
key: A
25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
A. what 1 know of him B. that I do know of him
C. what do I know of him D. that do I know of him
key: A
26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. someone
key: C any one who wants to have it
27._____ they will come here hasn't been decided yet.
A. What B. That C . When D. Where
key: C
28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
A. Who B. The thing C. Whatever D. Where
key: C
29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
A. if B. that C. what D. when
key: D
30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
A. If or not B. Whether or not C. If D. That
key: B
31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
key: A
32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
A. what B. that C. why D. where
key: B
33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
A. That B. When C. What D. Whether
key: C
34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
A. if B. whether C. why D. that
key: D
比较: It hasn't been decided whether he will be sent there.
35. It doesn't matter _____he' s come back or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
key: B
36. It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
A. when B. that C. why D. where
key: B
37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.
A. when B. why C. where D. that
key: D it happened that... 碰巧...
38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. What B. That C. Which D. The things
key: A
39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
key: C anyone who
比较: who left the room last is being looked into.
40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.
A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That
key: D
41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
A. That B. Whoever C. Whether D. Whether or not
key: B anyone who
42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
A. What B. Whether C. That D. Whatever
key: C
43. Has it been announced _____
A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off
C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off
key: D
44. That is _____ we all support his idea.
A. what B. why C. where D. when
key: B
45. That’s _____ we should do.
A. that B. what C. how D. why
key: B
46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said
A. What; that; what B. What; what; what
C. That; that; what D. Why; that; which
key: A
47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.
A. when B. why C. that D. what
key: D
48. That’s _____ I want to say.
A. all what B. what C. all which D. what that
key: B
49. That’s _____ .
A. where our differences lie B. our differences lie there
C. where do our differences lie D. that where our differences lie
key: A
50. That is _____ .
A. where lived he there B. where did he live
C. where he lived D. that where he lived
key: C
51. The questions is _____.
A. whether is it worth doing B. that if it is worth doing
C. whether it is worth doing D. if it is worth doing
key: C
52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
A. how B. which C. what D. as
key: C
53. That's_____.
A. how did I become a teacher B. how I became a teacher
C. how a teacher I became D. that I became a teacher
key: B
54. They are just _____.
A. that what shall I have B. what shall I have
C. that I shall have what D. what I shall have
key: D
55. It looked ____.
A. as if it was going to rain B. that as if it was going to rain
C. as if was it going to rain D. as if that it was going to rain
key: A
56. That's_____.
A. how she did it B. that how did she do it.
C. how did she do it D. what she did it
key: A 注意选项D,多了一个词: it
57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
A. where B. which C. that D. why
key: D
58. That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.
A. where B. at which C. there where D. when
key: A
59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
A. if B. that C. when that D. that where
key: B
60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
A. what B. that C. why D. if
key: B
61. We heard the news _____ our team had won.
A. that B. what C. whether D. why
key: A
62. The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
A. why B. if C. that D. whether
key: C
63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.
A. that B. where C. that when D. when
key: D
64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.
A. whether B. that C. why D. when
key: B
65. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. where has he gone D. which place he has gone
key: A
高考语法复习四
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习四：定语从句
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首(大家想一想什么叫从句来的 在一个句子前面加上连词.在定语从句中这个连词叫做关系词.关系词的概念是:既要起连接作用,又要在从句中做成分)，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.
（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
关系词的概念是:既要起连接作用,又要在从句中做成分,那么怎么作这个成分呢(下面的用法要牢记哟):
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
定语从句分为: 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句.怎么区分,对于我们初学者来说记住:非限制性定语从句前面或者后面有逗号!
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，
甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.
（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father , who is over sixty,(看好这就是非限定性从语从句.注意到逗号了吗 ) still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.
没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；
②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
注意: that与which的区别非常多了,很难记住. 一句话语法: 逗号后/介词后使用which,其它用that一定不会错
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
一句话语法: as 用法—
1. 固定结构中,比如 such... as so...as to ...;
2.如果句子译成正如...一样,一定使用 as
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.
住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
一句话语法: 看一个第一个例子, who 指代的是哪个, the man, 所以只能是 who lives
3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which
( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
为什么会是这样: 关系副词=介词 + which
October 1, 1949 was the day which the People’s Republic of China
was founded on.
看一下上面这个句子,看懂了吗 which 在从句中做on的宾语(宾语有两个,前面讲过的,一个是动词宾语,另一个是介词宾语). 再看下面这个例子:
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
等量代换!
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
高考语法复习四：定语从句
很多同学看了很多语法书, 可是觉得自己做题的时候, 自己对语法掌握得还不是很好. 当然原因很多. 其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情), 比如哪些词可以做主语, 背得很熟, 可是做题时却用不上. 其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握 本站推出语法复习专题, 从高考的角度来讲语法 希望对有需要的同学有帮助.
本专题使用的材料来源于网络,作者不祥. 本编写组在原来的基础上进一步做了解析
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习四：定语从句
下面我们来做练习:
一句话语法: 看看从句缺主语吗
缺,先行词指人还是物
不缺,往下来
缺宾语吗
(注意要看好,一是动词有没有宾语;二是介词有没有宾语)
缺,哪些先行词可作宾语
不缺,怎么办 考虑用关系副词呀,就是 when where why
注意: 如果你发现关系词后面的名词前面什么也没有,光秃秃的,一定要考虑是不是应该用whose
1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.
A. who B. which C. whom D. when
2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily
A. when B. where C. which D. who
5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera
____ he lost last week.
A. which B. that C. whom D. as
1-5 ABACD
6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning
A. when B. where C. which D. who
8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there
A. who B. / C. that D. when
9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who
10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which
6-10 CDCCA
11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
12. The man ____ around our school is from America.
A. which you showed B. you showed him
C. you showed D. where you showed
13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who
14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____
were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you
A. that B. whom C. when D. whose
11-15 CCADA
16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. all
17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly
welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those
18. This is the very letter ____came last night.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.
A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one
20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where B. / C. when D. what
16-20 ACCAB
21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. on which
22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.
A. which B. in which C. that D. /
23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which
24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow
A. that B. which C. its D. whose
25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom
21-25 ABBDC
26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago
A. the one B. where C. in which D. /
28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it B. which C. that D. he
30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already
seven other people.
A. when there were B. which there were
C. that there were D. where there were
26-30 ADABD
31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.
A. which B. whose C. where D. in that
32. ---- What game is popular with them ---- The ____ most is tennis.
A. game they like it B. game they like
C. best game they like D. best game they like it
33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.
A. when B. that C. at which D. where
31-35 BBDCA
36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
A. which B. as C. that D. it
38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.
A. whose B. that C. whom D. who
40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.
A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which
36-40 CABCC
41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind
A. why B. which C. for that D. of which
42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed
44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
A. It B. Which C. As D. That
45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.
A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what
41-45 AADCD
46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
48. He is absent ____ is often the case.
A. what B. which C. who D. as
49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which 46-50 BBDAB
51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with
the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
52. This is the only book ____ I can find.
A. that B. which C. it D. with which
53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.
A. something could do B. anything we could do
C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do
51-56 BAABAD
高考语法复习五
语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语
一、强调句
（一）强调句句型
1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（强调主语且主语指人可以用who,当然也可以使用that）+ 其它部分。
强调句式只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)改变位置,所以把强调结构(it is/was... that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。这是重点
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping
3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ 一定要注意,这是出题点,也是考点,掌握它的最好方法是多记几个这样的句子,最后一定会融会贯通的.
e.g. When and where was it that you were born
认真研究下面的例句.体会一句话语法: 强调句式只是把句子中某些词
(被强调部分)改变位置,所以把强调结构(it is/was... that/who)
去掉之后,句子一定是完整的
4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。
（二）not … until … 句型的强调句 这也是出题点和考点,掌握的方法: 多记几个这样的句子,最后一定会融会贯通的.
1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
（三）谓语动词的强调
1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，
用助动词do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。
二、It的用法
（一）作人称代词
1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）
They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it.
（it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high.
（it代替前面的tree）
The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）
3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。
e.g. ---- Someone is knoc