非谓语动词讲解及专练（无答案）

2009届语法专题讲座
非谓语动词
一、概述：
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点：
1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点：
1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
二、非谓语动词种类：
（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1、不定式的形式：
主动 被动
一般式to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done
to have been done
否定式：not + (to) do
1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：
I’m glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1、动名词的形式：
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done
having been done
否定式：not + 动名词
1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
（三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式：
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done
having been done
否定式：not + 现在分词
1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打蓝球。
2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
三、非谓语动词句法功能
主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词
1、不定式的句法功能：
1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用不定式做主语的句型有：
(1) It’s difficult (important, possible
necessary) for sb. to do
(2) It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词but，except的宾语，（前有do，后无to）如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
有些动词（吾看三室两厅一感觉）
五看：look at, see, watch, notice,
observe
三使：make, have, let
一感觉：feel，
后有动词不定式作宾语补足语，不定式应省略to, 但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
A） 主谓关系：（被修饰名词是不定
式的逻辑主语：）
He is the first to get here.
B）动宾关系：（被修饰名词是不定式
的逻辑宾语：）
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry
about.
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式的动作由句子主语发出，用主动式；如果动作不是有主语发出，用被动式：
Do you have anything to type
Do you have anything to be typed
C）说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
6）作状语：
A）表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right: To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right: To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
B）表结果：(重要考点)
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.
C）表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
D）表程度：
It’s too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
7）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。（重要考点）
If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.
9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
2、动名词的句法功能：
1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It’s no use quarrelling. 争吵是没用的。
常用动名词做主语的句型有：
It’s no good (use, fun) doing.
It’s (a) waste of time doing.
It’s worthwhile doing.
2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
3）作宾语：
They haven’t finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…（from）,protect…from,set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
4）作定语：
He can’t walk without a walking stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school. 你们学校有游泳池吗？
5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
3、现在分词的句法功能：
1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking 可改为the man who is speaking.
2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
3）作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
4）现在分词作状语：
A）作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
B）作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
C）作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
D）作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
E）作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
F）作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
G）作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
（四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1、过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2、过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
The were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（开水）
fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货）
the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3、过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
4、过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。
非谓语动词用法对比（重要考点）
一、不定式与动名词做主语：
1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：
Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。
二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：
1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
His teaching aim of this class is to train the students’ speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。
2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。
3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。
The opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games is very moving. （现在分词做表语）
With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）
4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。
The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。
The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人不解。
5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）
He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）
He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）
常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：
used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected等。
6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：
interest（使…感兴趣），surprise（使…吃惊），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…兴奋），tire（使…疲劳），please（使…满意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…满意），amuse（使…娱乐），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞），worry（使…忧虑）
它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、expression、voice等）。例如：
Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。
They are very tired. 他们很疲劳
After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.
三、不定式与动名词做宾语：
1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：
want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。
2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。
3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.
He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我发信。）
I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。
Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，记得给我们写信。
I don’t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他。
I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。
They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划。
He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。
She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。
A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。
4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。
The washing-machine needs repairing.（= needs to be repaired）
这台洗衣机需要修理。
The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。
This English novel is worth reading.
=This English novel is worthy to be read. 这本英文小说值得一读。
The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。
四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：
1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：
ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid
The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。
We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）
2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to”的不定式，这些动词有：吾看三室两厅一感觉。例如：
We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。
The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。
注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有to的不定式做状语。
Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。
He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。
3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：
We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。
We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。
备注：不定式和现在分词都可做“五看两听”的宾语补足语，区别为：不定式表示动作的全过程；现在分词表示动作正在进行。
I saw a thief steal a wallet from an old lady.
I saw a thief stealing a wallet from an old lady.
五、非谓语动词做定语：
1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：
He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干。
Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们班长是第一个到的。
2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：
动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。
a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语，意为a stick for walking）
a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为a car for sleeping）
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为the sun which was rising）
the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为the world which is changing）
3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：
a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（意同a piece of news which disappointed us）
in the following years 在后来的几年中（意同in the years that followed）
a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）
a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车（意同a car which was parked at the gate）
六、不定式与分词做状语：
1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：
He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）
To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）
All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)
2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：
Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看，这座城市很美。（条件状语）
Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）
Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）
Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）
3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语：
当状语放在句首时，现在分词表主动，即：现在分词与其逻辑主语（句子的主语）之间是主动关系（句子主语执行该动作）；而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系（句子主语承受该动作）。
Seeing from the top of the mountain, I saw many cars.
Seen from the top of the mountain, a car looks like an ant.
4. 分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间必须存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则句子不成立。
Wrong: Reading the letter, her tears
fell down her cheeks.
Right: When she read the letter, her
tears fell down her cheeks.
Reading the letter, she cried.
She reading the letter, her tears
fell down her cheeks.
5. 序数词(包括the last)一般由不定式修饰
The last to come pays the bill.
He is the first to arrive.
6. 注意几个句型
Sb is/was said /thought /reported /believed /expected to do sth.(据说/认为/报道/相信/期望某人做…)
Sb is/was said /thought /reported /believed /expected to have done sth.(据说/认为/报道/相信/期望某人已经做过…)
He is expected to come here on time.
Zhang xiangxiang was reported to have won a gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games.
四、with的复合结构
构成： With + 宾语+宾补（形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词）
作用：作状语
She lay in bed, with her face pale.
The girl fell asleep, with the light on.
Her mother sat in an armchair, with her head down.
I can’t go out with these clothes to wash.
He sat near the stove, with his back against the door.
He left the room, with the light burning.
He lay on his back, with his eyes closed.
五、独立主格结构
名词/代词+ being+ 形容词/副词/介词短语
名词/代词+动词不定式/现在分词/过去分词非谓语动词专练
1.______ is believing.
A.To see B.To be seen C.Seeing D.To have seen
2. ______ on ice ______ more difficult than on the ground.
A.To walk, are B.Walking, is C.Walked, is D.Walk, are
3. It ______ 45 minutes _______ there by bus.
A. cost, to get B. takes, getting
C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to
4. Is it necessary______ the book at once
A. for him to return B. that he returns
C. his returning D. of him to return
5. _______ in the store all day made her very tired.
A. She stood B. She has stood
C. Stand D. Standing
6. It’s a great honour for me _______ to visit your country.
A. to invite B. having been invited
C. to have been invited D. invited
7. --What made Jim so unhappy
--_______ three tickets to the music concert.
A. To lose B. Losing
C. Because of losing D. Since she lost
8. _______ won’t be of much help.
A. Tom’s going B. Tom going
C. Tom to go D. Tom goes
9. It was stupid _______ your advice.
A. for me not take B. for me not taking
C. of me not to take D. of me not taking
10. It’s no use _______ what has been done.
A. to regret B. regretted C. regretting D. regret
11. There is no use _______ him.
A. to get along B. to get along with
C. getting along D. getting along with
12. What I wanted was_______ as quickly as possible.
A. giving it up B. giving up it C. to give up it D. to give it up
13. What I like most is _______ .
A. staying at home and doing nothing B. staying at home and to do nothing
C. to stay at home and doing nothing D. to stay at home and to do nothing
14. He seemed ______ nothing to take home that morning.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
15. Don’t get _____ in the rain.
A. catch B. caught C. to catch D. catching
16. The report was so ____ that they were all ____.
A. moving, moving B. moved, moved
C. moving, moved D. moved, moving
17. He likes _____, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is cold.
A. swimming, to swim B. to swim, swimming C. to swim, to swim D. swimming, swimming
18. We mustn’t pretend _______ what we don’t know.
A. knowing B. having known
C. to know D. to be known
19. He enjoyed ________ the piano in the morning.
A. practising playing B. practising to play
C. to practise playing D. to practise to play
20. They looked forward very much to ____ him again.
A. be meeting B. met C. meeting D. meet
21. He is busy _______ for the exam.
A. prepare B. to prepare C. prepared D. preparing
22. We said nothing but ________.
A. laugh B. laughing
C. to laugh D. to be laughing at
23. I don’t think the book is ________.
A. worth being read B. worth to be read
C. worthy of reading D. worthy of being read
24. No one can prevent the plan ________.
A. from carrying out B. to be carried out
C. to carry out D. being carried out
25. He ____ up at six, but now he ____ up at five.
A. used to get, is used to getting B. was used to getting, use to get
C. used to getting, is used to get D. was used to get, used to getting
26. I prefer _____ the book at home to _____ film.
A. reading, seeing B. to read, see
C. read, seeing D. reading, see
27. They managed _______ the meeting room before the guests arrived.
A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaning
C. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean
28. The monkey was so lucky that it just missed ____.
A. catching B. to be caught
C. being caught D. to catch
29. Please excuse my _______ in without _______.
A. come, asking B. coming, asking
C. to come, being asked D. coming, being asked
30. What’s the reason for _______ there
A. not your going B. your not going
C. not your go D. your not gone
31. Mary was very unhappy for ______ to the concert.
A. not being invited B. not having been invited
C. not having invited D. having not been invited
32. It took her a minute or two to remember ______ the door herself.
A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. lock
33. --You should say sorry to Bob.
--Yes, I regret ______ with him.
A. to quarrel B. quarrelling
C. quarrelled D. have quarrelled
34. You didn’t hear us come in last night. That’s good. We tried ______ noisy.
A. to be not B. not to be C. not being D. being not
35. My sister suggested me ____ to the park for a rest.
A. go B. should go C. to go D. going
36. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped____ a break.
A. having B. to have C. taking D. to taking
37. My brother keeps ______ me with my English.
A.to help B. help C. helping D. helped
38. I regret ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment.
A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to informing
39. Remember ____ the newspaper when you finish it.
A. putting back B. having put back
C. to put back D. will put back
40. As soon as the teacher came in, all of the students stopped ______.
A. to talk B. talking C. talk D. and talked
41. Your spoken English needs ______.
A. improving B. being improved
C. to be improved D. Both A and C
42. I am proud of ______ of New China.
A. to be a student B. be a student
C. being a student D. is a student
43. He wanted to know ______ the station.
A. to get to B. getting to
C. how to getting to D. how to get to
44. Poor Bill couldn’t help ______.
A. coughing B. to cough
C. that he coughed D. cough
45. We hoped ____ the early bus, but found it had left.
A. to catch B. catching
C. having caught D. to have caught
46. Is that the radio which you want _____
A. to have it repaired B. to repair
C. to have been repaired D. to have repaired
47. They wouldn’t allow him _____ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go
C. for risk to go D. risking going
48. My teacher advises me ______ a lawyer.
A. be becoming B. to become C. being D. be
49. I often see the boy ______ across the street.
A. running B. to run C. run D. being running
50. He saw some people ______ in a restaurant, talking to one another.
A. who was sitting B. were seated
C. who were seating D. sitting
51. She was glad to see her children ___ in the nursery.
A. well taken care of B. taking good care of
C . having well taken care of D. to be taken care
52. I saw him ______ there, ______ his clothes and jump into the water.
A. standing, take off B. standing, taking off
C. stand, take off D. stand, took off
53. Please keep us ______ of the latest news.
A. to inform B. informing
C. informed D. to be informed
54. I’m sorry to have kept you ______.
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait
55. The workers had the machines ______ all night long in order to finish the work on time.
A. run B. running C. running D. ran
56. These boys are quick at learning. We’d better have them ______ in a new way.
A. having been trained B. training
C. being trained D. trained
57. He jumped onto the high table to make himself __.
A. seeing B. saw C. seen D. to be seen
58. Please speak louder and more clearly. You have to make yourself ______.
A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. hear
59. When I passed by your room, I heard you ______ the new song.
A. to sing B. sang C. singing D. sung
60. He and his wife had learnt English, but had never heard a word of it ______.
A. spoke B. speaking C. spoken D. was spoken
61. I found the little boy ______ on the ground when I came into the room.
A. sit B. to sit C. seating D. seated
62. I found my English book _____ when I went home.
A. losing B. missed C. going D. missing
63. Who left the door ______ and the windows _____
A. open, closed B. opening, closing C. to open, to close D. opened, closed
64. In the old days the workers were made ______ day and night.
A. work B. working C. to work D. worked
65. We were made ______ for two hours.
A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited
66. He is said ______ in America when he was young.
A. to work B. working
C. having worked D. to have worked
67. A new factory is reported ______ next year in our county.
A. to build B. to be built C. building D. built
68. The problem ______ at the meeting now is serious to us.
A. to be discussed B. being discussed C. discussing D. discussed
69. The problem ______ at the meeting tomorrow is serious to us.
A. to be discussed B. being discussed C. discussing D. discussed
70. The problem ______ at the meeting yesterday is serious to us.
A. to be discussed B. being discussed C. discussing D. discussed
71. What does a computer do with the information______
A. receiving B. to be received C. received D. having received
72. The programme ______ into the computer must be prepared in a specially designed machine language.
A. to put B. to be put C. being put D. putting
73. Who’s the girl ______ over there
A. that speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking
74. “Do you have anything _____, child ” said her mother.
A. say B. to say C. to be said D. saying
75. “Would you have a letter ______, manager ” said the typist.
A. type B. to type C. typing D. to be typed
76. Paul said: “Give me a chair ______.”
A. to sit B. sat on C. sit on D. to sit on
77. We must find a room big enough ______.
A. for all of us to live B. for all of us to live in it
C. all of us living in D. for all of us to live in
78. Now it’s your turn ______. Be ready , please.
A. of being examined B. be examined C. to examine D. to be examined
79. Is there a ______ in the theatre.
A. smoke room B. smoking room C. smoken room D. room for smoke
80. He took a ______ pole and went ______.
A. fish, fishing B. fishing, fish C. fish, fish D. fishing, fishing
81. What an ______ game! I’m really ______ at it.
A. exciting, excited B. excited, exciting C. exciting, exciting D. excited, excited
82. The ground is ______ with the ______ leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
83. We are all ______ to see that ______ child.
A. pleasing, smiled B. pleased, smiling C. pleasing, smiling D. pleased, smiled
84. ______ English is as important as ______ exercise in English.
A. Spoken, written B.Speaking, written C. Spoken, writing D. Speaking, writing
85. China is a ______ country ______ to the Third World.
A. developing, belonging B. developed, belonged
C. developing, belonged D. developed, belonging
86. It’s no wonder that his ______ English is so good because he is from an English-_____ country.
A. speaking, spoken B. spoken, speaking C. speaking, speaking D. spoken, spoken
87. All of us were ______ by the ______ questions ______ by a six-year- old boy.
A. puzzled, puzzling, rose B. puzzling, puzzled, raised
C. puzzling, puzzling, risen D. puzzled, puzzling, raised
88. I could say nothing . And ______ tears came to my eyes.
A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. excitedly
89. From his ______ voice, I have to say they are really ______.
A. disappointed, disappointed B. disappointing, disappointing
C. disappointed, disappointing D. disappointing, disappointed
90. These ______ and ______ soldiers were sent to the hospital for treatment.
A. wound, dying B. wounding, died C. wounded, dead D. wounded, dying
91. The little girl came in, ______ a cake with two ______ candles on it.
A. bring, lit B. carring, lighted C. brought, lit D. bring, light
92. Dare you drink ______ water No, I dare not.
A. boiling B. boiled C. having boiled D. being boiled
93. Yesterday Professor Li received a letter from one of his friends ______ him to write an article, and he accepted.
A. inviting B. invited
C. to invite D. having invited
94. Be careful when ______ the street.
A. crossing B. to cross C. cross D. crossed
95. I hurried to the railway station, only ______ the train was gone.
A. finding B.found C. to find D. to have found
96. The speaker walked out of the hall, _____ happily with the teacher and _____ by a group of students.
A. talking, followed B. talking, following C. talked, followed D. to talk, to be followed
97. ______ from the top, the park looks beautiful.
A. seeing B. seen C. to see D. see
98. Please rewrite the famous story, ______ the words given by me.
A. to use B. using C. used D. use
99. We wonder why he didn’t do as ______.
A. telling B. told to C. of told D. to be told
100. The doctor said, “Why not ______ exercises ______ weight ”
A. try doing, to lose B. to try to do, to lose C. trying doing, losing D. trying to do, losing
1. I’m sorry ______ you for a long time. Thanks a lot.
A. trouble B. to be troubled C. to trouble D. to have troubled
2. ______ the children to bed, she began to correct the students’ exercises.
A. Sending B. Being sent C. Sent D. Having sent
3. ______ the lab, we were taken to see the library.
A. Showing B. Having shown C. Being shown D. Having been shown
4. ______ enough time, we didn’t finish the work.
A. Not giving B. Having not been given C. Given D. Not having been given
5. The rain came ______.
A.poured B. pouring C. to pour D. pour
6. When he heard the bad news , he stood there _____.
A. surprising B. to his surprise C. to be surprised D. surprised
7. ______ in white, the girl looks prettier.
A.Wearing B. Worn C. Dressing D. Dressed
8. The car was held up in the traffic, ______the delay.
A. causing B. causes C. caused D. to cause
9. ______ his age, he looks very young.
A. Consider B. To consider C. Considering D. Considered
10. ______ her interest in children, I’m sure teaching is the right work for her.
A. Give B. To give C.Giving D. Given
11. ______ from his expression, he is in a bad mood.
A. Judge B. Judged C. Judging D. Being judged
12. ______, you are lying.
A. Frank speaking B. Frankly spoken C. Being frank D. To be frank
13. ______, we have no lessons.
A. It is Sunday B. It being Sunday C. To be Sunday D. Being Sunday
14. The car stopped, there ______ no oil in the tank.
A. be B. being C. are D. was
15. All the work ______, we all went home.
A. done B. did C. does D. having done
16. The man fell down to the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.
A. closing, trembling B. closed, tremblin C. closed, trembled D. closing, trembled
17. ______, professor started his talk.
A. When the students sitting dow B. The students having sat down
C. The students sat down D. The students to have sat down
18. He lay on his back, with his hands ______ under the head and his eyes _____ up.
A. crossing, looking B. crossed, looke C. crossing, looked D. crossed, looking
19、They knew her very well. They had seen her ______ up from childhood.
A．grow B．grew C. as growing D．to grow
20、Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.
A．so not as to B．so as not to C．so as to not D．not so as to
21. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A．to have rested B．resting C．to rest D．rest
22、The next morning she found the man ______ in bed, dead.
A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying
23、Only one of these books is ______ .
A．worth to read B．worth being read C．worth of reading D．worth reading
24、The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _______ .
A．catching B．to be caught C．being caught D．to catch
25、Most of the people ________ to the party were famous scientists.
A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting
26、She didn’t remember ________ him before.
A．having met B．have met C．to meet D．to having met
27、 ——Good morning. Can I help you ——I’d like to have this package _______ , madam.
A．be weighed B．to be weighed C．to weigh D．weighed
28、There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.
A．followed B．following C．to be followed D．being followed
29、The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind.
A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied
30、On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A．bought B．buying C．to buy D．buy
31、The secretary worked late into the night, ________ a long speech for the president.
A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepared D．was preparing
32、I can hardly imagine Peter ________ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A．sail B．to sail C．sailing D．to have sailed
33、John was made _________ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．to be washing
34、I would appreciate _______ back this afternoon..
A．you to call B．you call C．your calling D．you’re calling
35、John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ____ .
A．open B．to be opened C．to open D．opening
36、 _________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A．Not receiving B．Receiving not
C．Not having received D．Having not received
37. Charles Babbage is generally considered _____ the first computer.
A．to have invented B．inventing C．to invent D．having invented
38、 “Can’t you read ” Mary said _____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
39、Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
A．ride, ride B．riding, ride C．ride, to ride D．to ride, riding
40、The missing boys were last seen _______ near the river.
A．playing B．to be playing C．play D．to play
41、The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A．having added B．to add C．adding D．added
42、The first text books _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A．having written B．to be written C．being written D．written
43、We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met
44、——You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
——Well, now I regret _______ that.
A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done
45、The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A．to eat not B．eating not C．not to eat D．not eating
46、 _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A．Losting B．Having lost C．Lost D．To lose
47. —Is this raincoat yours
—No, mine _______ there behind the door.
A．is hanging B．has hung C．hangs D．hung
48、The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A．first playing B．to be first played
C．first played D．to be first playing
49、We saw the bird flap its wings and _____ away.
A．fly B．flied C．flew D．flying
50、I insisted that the dictionary _______ to be bought at once.
A．refers to B．refer C．referred D．referring
51、________ , ice will be changed into water.
A．Heating B．Heated C．If heating D．To be heated
52、The foreigner seemed ________ his way.
A．to be losing B．to have missed C．to have lost D．missed
53. Don’t leave me ________ alone at home. A．to stay B．stay C．staying D．stayed
54. Whatever ______ must _______ well.
A. is to be done, be done B. are to do, do
C．is to do…be done D．are to be done, do
55.The officer ordered the wounded soldier _________ at once.
A．to operate B．be operated C．was operated on D．to be operated on
56、With the walls ____ white , the room seems larger.
A．painting B．painted C．to be painted D．has been painted
57、—Can I help you
—I’d like to have the shoes ______ , for they are a bit smaller.
A．changing B．changed C．to be changing D．be changed
58、On hearing the news, the woman stood there ______ .
A．frightened B．frightening C．to frighten D．to be frightened
59、______ the train, they decided to wait for another.
A．Missed B．Missing C．Having missed D．Being missed
60、There _______ no bus, I had to walk home.
A．is B．was C．were D．being
61、At present, there is a new airport and supermarket _______ in the south of the town.
A．built B．to be built C．being built D．is being built
62、The young man told the doctor that he didn’t need _______ his heart _________ .
A．having, checked B．to have, checked
C．having, to check D．to have, to check
63、Try _______ the back door if nobody answers the front door.
A．to knock at B．knocking at C．and knock at D．and knocking at
64、We have to do something to stop wild animals ________.
A．killing B．to be killed C．being killed D．to kill
65、______ , we plan to hold a class meeting.
A．Time permitting B．Time permits
C．If time is permitted D．Time permitted
66、With the boy ______ the way, the soldiers got to the position in time.
A．led B．leading C．being led D．was leading
67. The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _________ for him without delay.
A．to weave B．to be woven C．to have woven D．to be weaving
68、Look at his ______ look. It seems as if he had met a _______ tiger.
A．frightened, frightening B．frightening, frightened C．frightened, frightened D．frightening, frightening
69、 _______ , the players began the game.
A．Having taken our seats B．Taking our seats C．After we took our seats D．Being taken the seats
70、______ him before, she didn’t know he was her uncle.
A．Not having seen B．Having not seen C．Not seeing D．Not being seen
71、_______ many times, but he made the same mistake again.
A. Having been told B. Although he had been told
C．He had been told D．Having told
72、The glass of water is too hot. I prefer some cold ______ water.
A．boiled B．boiling C．to boil D．having boiled
73. The little boy entered the classroom without _______ .
A．noticing B．noticed C．being noticed D．notice
74、We’re considering ________ English in pairs after class.
A. practising speaking B. practising to speak
C．to practise speaking D．to practise to speak
75、 _______ the mixture, the teacher showed it around the classroom.
A．To see B．More students to see
C．For more students to see D．Seen
76、I apologize for ________ my promise.
A．not to keep B．being kept C．not having kept D．having not kept
77、The book ______ on the desk _______ to her.
A．lying, belonging B．lay, belong C．lying, belongs D．being lie, is belong
78、_______ , Mary had to stay at home to look after her.
A．Being ill B．To be ill C．Her mother was ill D．Her mother being ill
79、_______ much English troubled him a lot.
A．His not knowing B．Not he knowing
C．His having not known D．His not known
80、He won’t attend the meeting unless _________ to give a speech.
A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．he will be invited
81、He got the first and won the prize as _____.
A．expected B．expecting C．to be expected D．expect
82、He stood there with his eyes ______ me.
A．fixing B．fixing on C．fixed to D．fixed on
83、Mother warned him _________ after drinking.
A．to never drive B．never to drive C．never driving D．never drive
84、I remember ________ something like that.
A．that he say B．him to say C．his saying D．him having said
85、Did you smell something _______
A．burnt B．to burn C．to be burning D．burning
86、Because of air pollution, this city is no longer ___.
A．a good place to live in B．a good place for living in
C．a good place to live D．a good place to be lived in
87、Let the day _______ . A．to be remembered B．remembered C．be remembered D．remember
88、His parents _______ , the orphan is now taken care of by the villagers.
A．dead B．dying C．have died D．having died
89、Would you be _____ to do me a favour A．as good as B．so good as C．enough good D．good enough as
90、He had us ______ all through the party. A．laughing B．to laugh C．laugh D．laughed
91、The nurse suggested the old man _____ , for he had a long time to wait.
A．to sit down B．sit down C．would sit down D．sat down
92、Those who have questions _____ , raise your hands.
A．asked B．ask C．asking D．to ask
93、This room is used ______ food.
A．to store B．storing C．to storing D．stored
94、We can’t keep our eyes _______ to all this.
A．shut B．shutting C．to shut D．shutted
95、I don’t feel like _____ to the cinema.
A．go B．going C．gone D．to go
96、________ you the truth, I don’t like the design he offered.
A．Tell B．Told C．Telling D．To tell
97、 _______ at the station, they found the train .
A．Arriving, going B．Arrived, go C．Arriving, gone D．Arrived, gone
98、What he said made us ________ .
A．to surprise B．surprise C．surprising D．surprised
99.--The last one __pays the meal.
--Agreed !
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
100. I smell something _____in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
1.At the beginning of class, the noise of desk ______ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened of and close B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
2. --Excus me sir,where is Room 301
--Just a minute. I'll have Bob ____ you to your room.
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
3. He is a student at Oxford University, _____ for a degree in computer science.
A. studied B. studying
C. to have studied D. to be studying
4. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ______ in the natural light during
the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice ______ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
6. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading
C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
7.The Town Hall ______ in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed B. having been completed
C. completed D. being completed
8.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ______ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. went finished
9.Leonardo da Vinci (1452--1519) ______ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A. is said to be buying
B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy
D. has said to have bought
10. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ______ in a short period.
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
11. --Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
--Sorry. With so much work ____ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
12.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing D. being heard
13. ______ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven B. Being driven
C. To drive D. Having driven
14. --Can I smoke here
--Sorry. We don't allow ______ here.
A. people smoking B. people smoke
C. to smoke D. smoking
15. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _____ in his lectures.
A. interested B. interesting
C. interest D. to interest
16. My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve.
A. feeling well B. feeling good
C. feel well D. feel good
17. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _______ for a space flight.
A. training B. being trained
C. to have trained D. to be trained
18. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing
C. having finished D. was finished
19. --Robert is indeed a wise man.
--Oh, yes. How often I have regretted______ his advice!
A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking
20. Peter received a letter just now ______ his grandma would come to see him soon.
A. said B. says C. saying D. to say
21. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved
22. "Things ______ never come again !" I couldn't help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
23. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _______.
A. need repairing B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing D. need to repair
24. _______that she didn't do a good job, I don't think I am abler than her.
A. To have said B. Having said
C. To say D. Saying
25. Please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated
26. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent __ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
27. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu
Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A. breaking B. having broken
C. to have broken D. to break
28. You can't imagine what difficulty we had ______home in the snowstorm.
A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking
29. A cook will be immediately fired.if he is found _____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
30. It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely ______ the reader.
A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested
C. interested; be interesting D. interesting ;interest
31. I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything______
A. to be buying B. to buy
C. for buying D. bought
32. Victor apologized for _______ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
33. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____.
A. exhausting B. exhausted
C. being exhausted D. having exhausted
34. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____the girl and took her away,_____ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared
C, seizing ; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
35. Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to _____ before the party.
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
36. My advisor encouraged ______ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take
37. ______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home~
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
38.The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
39.The disc, digitally _______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
40. ________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
41. The news reporters hurried to the airport,only ______ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
42.________ Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ______ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
43. You were silly not ______ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
44. He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding
C. found D. to have found
45. The storm left,____ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
46. While watching television, ________.
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
47. You can't catch me!" Janet shouted, ______ away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
48. It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _______ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had
C. Have D. Having
49. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it ______ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
50. I don't want ______ like I'm speaking ill of anybody, but the manager's plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded
C. sounding D. to have sounded
51. ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
52. -- What should I do with this passage
-- ______ the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Finding out B. Found out
C. Find out D. To find out
53. The manager,_______ it clear to us that he didn't agree with us, left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made
C. made D. making
54. There have been several new events ______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
55. I can't stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________ talking while she works.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work ; to stop
56. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ______.
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
57. No matter how frequently ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world~
A. performed B. performing
C. to be performed D. being performed
58. ______ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
59. If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again.
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
60. After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and _______ on the head with a rod.
A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit
C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit
61. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness ______.
A. to make B. to be made
C. making D. being made
62.______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
63. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ______ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
64. ________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
65. AIDS is said____ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. to be
C. that it has been D. to have been
66. Don't sit there _______ nothing, Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
67. When ______ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
68. It remains ______ whether Jim'll be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D, to see
69. My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing
C. to bring D. had brought
70. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ______.
A. blamed B. blaming
C. to blame D. to be blamed
71. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing.
A. saying B. said
C. to say D. having said
72. --There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
--My goodness! I can't imagine ______ that old.
A. to be B. to have been
C. being D. having been
73. It is difficult to imagine his _______ the decision without any consideration.
A. accept B. accepting
C. to accept D. accepted
74. Faced with a bill for $10.000, ______.
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John
75.He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets had been sold out.
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. told
76. Five people won the "China's Green Figure" award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given
C. given D. was given
77. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ______since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have got lost
C. be missing D. get lost
78. l was told that there were about 50 foreign students ______ Chinese in the school, most ______ were from Germany.
A. study ; of whom B. study ; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
79. I like getting up very early in summer. The
morning air is so good______.
A. to be breathed B. tobreathe
C. breathing D. being breathed
80. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if
she'd like that little doll on her bed.
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
81. --Did the book give the information you needed
--Yes. But ______ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding
42. I feel greatly honored ______ into their society.
A. to welcome B. welcoming
C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
83. It is worth considering what makes" convenience" foods so popular, and ______ better ones of your own.
A. introduces B. to introduce
C. introducing D. introduced
84. ______their hats into the air, the fans of the
winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A. To throw B. Thrown
C. Throwing D. Being thrown
85. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found
sitting on the bicycle ______ to balance it.
A. having tried B. trying
C. to try D. tried
86. If there's a lot of work ______ , I'm happy to
just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing
87. Something as simple as ______ some cold water
may clear your mind and relieve pressure.
A. to drink B. drinking
C. to be drinking D. drunk
88. Ideally ______ for Broadway theatres and Fifth
Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.
A. locating B. being located
C. having been located D. located
89. ______ to reach them on the phone, we sent an
email instead.
A. Fail B. Failed
C. To fail D. Having failed
90. ______ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting B. To wait
C. Having waited D. To have waited
91. --Can those ______ at the back of the classroom hear me
--No problem.
A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
92. We had an anxious couple of weeks ______ for the results of the experiment.
A. wait B. to be waitingC. waited D. waiting
93. The trees ______ in the storm have been
moved off the road.
A. being blown down B. blown down
C. blowing down D. to blow down
94. ______ the project as planned, we'll have to
work two more hours a day.
A. Completing B. Complete
C. Completed D. To complete
95. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ______ alone, but she didn't like it and moved back home.
A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived
96. I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't
mention ______ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote B. having been promoted
C. having promoted D. to be promoted
97. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.
A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows
98. ______in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk B. Walking
C. Walked D. Having walked
99.______ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
100. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the
Internet so far this year.
A. finding B. being found
C. to find D. found
101. --They are quiet, aren't they
--Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals.
A. to talk B. to not talk
C. to talking D. to not talking
102. To learn English well, we should find opportu-
nities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
103. The message is very important, so it is supposed ______ as soon as possible.
A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending
104. ______ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown B. To be shown
C. Having been shown D. To show
104. Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant.
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
105. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A. to stop B. stopping
C. to have stopped D. having stopped
106. Please remain ______ ;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated
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