复合句课堂讲解及专练

名词性从句专练
1. Go and get your coat. It's _______ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there were D. where there
2. _______ the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.
A. When ever B. If C. Whether D. That
3. The problem is_______ he has enough time.
A. if B. whether C./ D. that
4. He made a promise_______ he would help me.
A. what B. when C. that D. which
5. I remember_______ this used to be a quiet village.
A. how B. when C. where D. what
6. They lost their way in the forest and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B. this C. what D. which
7. He told me the news ____ the Queen would visit China the next month.
A. that B. which C. when D. when
8. When the holidays were drawing near, I asked my American friends ___ was the best way to travel in the United States.
A. that B. what C. such D. that
9. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly ______.
A. where he had paid for it B. what he had paid for it
C. what he was paid for it D. which he had paid for it
10. Sometimes we are asked ______ we think the likely result of an action will be.
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
11. They have not made any decision on ______ they are going to do to deal with the waste and control pollution.
A. that B. which C. if D. what
12. --- Do you know him
--- Yes, but I can’t remember ________I met him for the first time.
A. where B. what C that D. if
13. --- Do you know _____ Mr. Black’s address is.
--- He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I'm not sure of _____.
A. what; which B. where; which C. where ; what D. what; where
14. This old computer must have been of great use to _____ did the scientific research.
A. those B. when C. whoever D. whomever
15. _______ all the inventions have in common is _____they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that C. What; that D That; what
16. --- I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
--- Oh, that was probably ____ I was seeing the doctor.
A. when B. why C. what D. that
17. Maria has to baby-sit. That’s______ she can't come with us.
A. why B. how C. when D. what
18. ____ surprised me most was ______ they had finished it so quickly.
A. What, what B. That, that C. What, that D. That, what
19. The reason why she couldn’t come to the meeting was_____ she had not been invited.
A. because B. which C. that D. why
20. In some countries, ____ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A. which B. that C. what D. one
21. Although he knew little about the work done in the field of physics, he succeeded ______other experienced experts failed.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
22. Father made a promise _____ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if C. whether D. that if
23. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that B. if C. whether D.不填
24. He wanted to make sure __________.
A. how we went there by bus B. where did we go
C. what did we go there D. when we went there
25. _____ they won the game was ______ we had expected.
A. That; which B. Whether; that C. What; that D. That; what
26. I really don't mind much ________ they came to visit me or not.
A. because B. why C. when D. whether
27. The question came up at the meeting _____ we had not enough money to do the research.
A. whether B. that C. if D. what
28. ____ we can't get seems better than _____ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
29. ___ surprised me most was ____ he was too late for the important meeting, for he was chairman of it.
A. What; why B. That; how C. What; how D. That; why
30. Although most of them have no doubt ____ he will pass the exam, I still think there is something about _____ he has really got everything ready.
A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether
31. _______ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known.
A. Whom B. Whoever C. Who D. What
32. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever
33. He was never satisfied with or proud of ____ he had achieved.
A. what B. that C. which D. all which
34. Can you tell me ____ get to the railway station
A. how can I B. what I can C. how I can D. where I can
35. We don’t know ______.
A. this is whose dictionary B. whose dictionary is this
C. whose dictionary this is D. whose is this dictionary
36. The problem is ____ we can finish the work within such a short time.
A. that B. why C. how D. when
37. ___ the boy didn’t take the medicine made his mother very angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which
38. Each blind man believed ____ he knew just ____ the elephant looked like.
A. that; what B. what; that C. that; that D. what; what
39. It was by the roadside ____ the six blind men sat quarrelling about the elephant.
A. when B. which C. on which D. that
40. They have no idea at all ____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place had he gone D. where has he gone
41. Do you know ____ your parents are pleased ____ you’ve done
A. why; for what B. how; with what C. that; with which D. how; for what
42. The reason ____ he hasn’t come is ____ he has to look after his father.
A. that; because B. why; because C. why; that D. which; because
43. ______ is unfit for the office.
A. It seems to me that B. It seems to me that he
C. That seems he D. That seems to him that
44. That is ____ paper came into use in China.
A. how B. that C. what D. which
45. It looks ____ we shall have to do the work ourselves.
A. that B. like C. seeming D. as though
46. ____ is not known yet.
A. When she has gone B. Where she has gone
C. How did she leave D. Why did she go
47. His suggestion ____ to see the exhibition interested everyone of us.
A. that we go B. which we should go
C. that we would go D. when we should go
48. I’ve got to make ____ he told a lie.
A. that clear B. it clear that C. quite clear D. this clear that
49. Word came ____his poem won the first prize.
A. that B. whether C. as D. because
50. Some people believe ___ is easier for small countries to become strong and rich than for large____.
A. that; country B. it; one C. that; countries D. it; ones
参考答案
1-5 BCBCB 6-10 CABBB 11-15 DAACC 16-20 AACCC
21-25 DDCDD 26-30 DBAAB 31-35 CBACC 36-40 CAADA
41-45 BCBAD 46-50 BABAB
定语从句专练
1. Is there a bar around _____I can have something to eat
A. that B. what C. which D. where
2. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof
3. Edison made a lot of inventions, ____ of great importance.
A. which I think are B. which I think they are
C. which I think they D. I think which are
4. I’ll talk about a newly-opened market ______ you may get all _______ you need.
A. in which; which B. where; that C. where; what D. which; that
5. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day
A. that you talked B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with D. you talked about
6. ____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
7. The fence in our garden, _____ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
8. When lost in work, _____ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
A. what B. so C. just like D. as
9. A football fan (球迷) is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what
10. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _____ we said goodbye to each other.
A. which B. when C. why D. where
11. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that B. what C. why D. for which
12. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building ____ stands near the post office
A. 不填 B. in which C. that D. where
13. His sister had become a teacher, ______ was what he wanted to be.
A. who B. what C. that D. which
14. With the development of agriculture, the people _______village I taught before have lived a happy life.
A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which
15. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _____ you may spend your weekend.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
16. He must be from Africa, ____ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. it D. what
17. Both the girl and her dog ____ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.
A. which B. who C. they D. that
18. I, ____ your friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. which are B. which is C. who is D. who am
19. Is this just the city ____ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _____.
A. which, to B. to which, / C. that, to D. to that, /
20. It’s one of the most interesting stories ___ I have ___ read
A. which, never B. that, ever C. that, never D. which, ever
21. On my way home in the street I saw a lady ___ I thought was your aunt.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
22. I remember that ____ took part in the ball party had a wonderful time.
A. all B. all that C. all which D. all what
23. This is the largest clock in the world, ____ the minute hand is six metres long.
A. that B. of which C. which D. whose
24. China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here
25. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. it B. As C. That D. What
26. Who _____ has common sense will do such a thing
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
27. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those C. which D. what
28. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
29. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all
30. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
31. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
32. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
33. --- How do you like the book
--- It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
34. Which sentence is wrong
A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.
B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform
C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.
D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.
35. The train _____ she was traveling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
36. He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A. where B. on which C. under which D. which
37. Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
38. It’s the third time _____ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
39. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
40. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. when B. during that C. in which D. which
41. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.
A. when B. which C. during which D. on which
42. This is just the place _____ I am longing to visit these years.
A. that B. where C. in which D. to where
43. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
44. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
45. I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
46. He is not _____ a fool _____.
A. such / as he is looked B. such / as he looks
C. as / as he is looked D. so / as he looks
47. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal
A. which B. what C. why D. for that
48. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom
49. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most
50. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. with which C. without which D. that
51. _____, the compass was first made in China.
A. It is know to all B. It is known that C. We all know D. As is known to all
52. He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
53. It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.
A. which I think was B. which I think it was
C. I think which was D. I think which it was
54. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.
A. that / which B. where / that C. in which / what D. where / which
55. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
56. I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.
A. of which B. for which C. to that D. to which
57. My father has made me _____ I am.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
58. She is one of the few girls who _____ passed the examination.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
59. You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.
A. the time B. what time C. that time D. which time
参考答案
1-5 DAABD 6-10 BBDCD 11-15 ACDCD 16-20 BDDCB
21-25 ABBBB 26-30 DABDC 31-35 ADCAC 36-40 ADCBC
41-45 BADAA 46-50 BCBCC 51-55DDADA 56-59 DCDD
状语从句
1. After the war，a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
2. ____ he took part in the competition, he won a second prize.
A. For the first time B. At a time C. At one time D. The first time
3. I would appreciate it ____ you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
A. until B. if C. when D. that
4. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _____ I heard the voices.
A. as B. after C. while D. when
5. The class went on with the story _____ they had left it before the holiday.
A. where B. which C. in which D. when
6. The company has a free long-distance telephone number _____ customers may call with any questions they have about its products.
A. although B. as C. even if D. so that
7. --- Is Mr. Smith in the office
--- Yes，________ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.
A. since B. however C. whether D. for
8. Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ______ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
9. --- Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
--- Oh, yes. ________ others are weak, he is strong.
A. If B. When C. Where D. Though
10. The day must be breaking, _____ the birds have begun singing.
A. because B. as C. for D. since
11. John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________ he phones.
A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that
12. ____others say, the expert is sure that his theory is correct
A. No matter B. It doesn’t matter C. Whatever D. What
13. Many places are flooded by heavy rainfalls, so they can’t walk _______ they like these days.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
14. His father began to work ______ his childhood.
A. since B. before C. as early as D. while
15. The roof fell _____ he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
A. before B. as C. after D. until
16. --- The thread of my kite broke and it flew away.
--- I had told you it would easily break ________it was the weakest
A. when B. where C. unless D. since
17. The crowd started cheering ______ he rose to speak.
A. as B. since C. till D. where
18. I had worked here ______ you came here. But I shall leave for England ______.
A. before long, before long B. before long; long before
C. long before, before long D. long before; long before
19. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. before C. after D. when
20. ___ the Internet is bringing the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.
A. When B. If C. As D. While
21. Though he is in his sixties, ______ he works as hard as a young man
A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet
22. The two girls look ____ much alike ____ no one can tell them apart.
A. so, that B. so, and C. as, that D. such, that
23. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _________ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that　　 D. as if
24. Beijing is larger than ____ city in Africa
A. any B. other C. each D. any other
25. We must hurry up ________ catch the last train.
A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to
26. No matter________ hard it may be，I will carry it out.
A. what B. whatever C. how D. however
27. ________ you may do，you must do it well.
A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When
28. --- Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday
--- No. But if I ________ the time，I would definitely go.
A. have B. had C. have had D. would have
29. ________ you are so weak，you’d better stay at home.
A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though
30. English and French are taught here. You can choose ________ you like.
A. no matter which B. whichever C. which D. whatever
31. I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other ________ I left London.
A. as B. before C. since D. till
32. I’ll be back before you ________.
A. will leave B. will have left C. leave D. would leave
33. The problem won’t be settled until we ________ a chance to discuss it thoroughly.
A. have had B. will have C. will have had D. would have
34. If you ________ this experiment，you will understand the theory better.
A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D. would do
35. They went on working ________ it was late at night.
A. even if B. as if C. however D. as though
36. I hurried ________ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
37. ________ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A. At times B. Some time C. By the time D. Every time
38. Although he is considered a great writer，________.
A. however his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read
C. his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read
39. We should finish the important job，________.
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
40. ________ comes to the party will receive a gift.
A. No matter who B. Who C. Which one D. Whoever
41. She is willing to help you, ________ busy she is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
42. No matter ________ hard it may be，I’ll carry it out.
A. what B. whatever C. how D. however
43. Why do you want to find a new job ________ you’ve got such a good one already
A. that B. where C. which D. when
44.________he is, he will be thinking of you.
A. Wherever B. Where C. Now that D. As soon as
45. You should make it a rule to leave things ________ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
46. He got excited at the news，________ I was calm.
A. when B. while C. because D. after
47. --- Shall Brown come and play computer games
--- No，________ he has finished his homework.
A. when B. if C. unless D. once
48. Hardly had he arrived in Hong Kong ________ she rang me up.
A. when B. than C. that D. and
49. ________ they heard the shout for help，they rushed out.
A. Immediately B. The moment C. The while D. All the above
50. ________，he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A. Try as he may B. as he tries C. Try as does he D. As he does try
51. If ________，I would have gone with him.
A. had he told me B. he had told me C. he has told me D. he would tell me
52. --- Alice is moving to her new apartment next Saturday.
--- I would be glad to help her，________ need some help.
A. should she B. if she will C. if she D. if she might
53. We will never give in ________ they might do or say about our plan.
A. no matter how B. how C. whatever D. although
54. I wonder if I ________ time. If I ________ time，I’ll go with you.
A. have；have B. will have；will have C. have；will have D. will have；have
55. By the time you ________ back，the supper ________ ready.
A. will get；will be B. get；was C. get；will be D. will get；is
56. ________ I live，I will never give in to the enemy.
A. As far as B. As long as C. As well as D. As soon as
57. I really wonder _____ he has posted me many packages _____ we worked together.
A. how；after B. why；when C. when；before D. why；since
58. Please pronounce the word ________ I did.
A. by the way B. the way C. the moment D. like
59. I was about to leave my house ________ the phone rang.
A. while B. when C. as D. after
60. I had cut the meat into pieces ________ Mother started cooking.
A. when B. as soon as C. after D. while
参考答案
1-5 BDBDA 6-10 DADCC 11-15 CCDDA 16-20 BACBD
21-25 AACAD 26-30 CCBAB 31-35 CCABA 36-40 BDCDD
41-45 CCDAB 46-50 BCADA 51-55 BACDC 56-60 BDBBA
03-07年高考题选
1. Some pre-school children'go to a day care center, ____ they learn simple games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
2. ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which
3. We shouldn't spent our money testing so many people, most Of ______ are healthy.
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
4. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ______ sight matters more than hearing.
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
5. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ______ it is.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
6. His movie won several awards at the film festival,______was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
7. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where
8. The traditional view is __ :we sleep because our brain is "programmed" to make us do so.
A. when B, why C. whether D. that
9. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree______ they can be controlled on
purpose.
A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
10.The village has developed a lot ______ we learned farming two years ago.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
11. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how B. what C. which D. when
12. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob That's______ the best jobs are.
A. where B. what C. when D. why
13. __________ Chan's restaurant on Baker Street, used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
14. _________ Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.
A. what B. why C. how D. whether
15. He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
16.After graduation she reached a point in her career ______ she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
17. You can only be sure of ____ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something ______ you might get in the future.
A. that;what B. what;/ C. which;that D./;that
18. It is reported that two schools, ______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which
19. Having checked the doors were closed, and______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his
bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D. where
20. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ______ can be very eye-
opening and rewarding.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
21. __________ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A. That B. Which C. What D. As
22. Today,we'll discuss a number of cases ______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A. which B. as C.why D. where
23. Could I speak to ______ is in charge of International Sales, please .
A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who
24.The book was written in 1946, ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when:,
25. Eric received training in computer for one year, ______ he found a job in a big company.
A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this
Key: 1-5 DADDA 6-10 ABDBD 11-15 BABAA 16-20 DBDBB
21-25 CDCDB
1. New York, _______ last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B.which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visited
2.A fast food restaurant is the place _______, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
3.Along with the letter was his promise______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
4. We cannot figure out ______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as C. why D. when
5. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
6. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
7. I think Father would like to know _______ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
8. Do you still remember the chicken farm _________ we visited three months ago
A. where B. when C. that D. what
9.Mary wrote an article on ________ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
10. I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
11. As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when _________ and see him.
A, you will come B. will you come
C. you come D. do you come
12. Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
13. If a shop has chairs ______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
14. Mark was a student at this university from1999 to 2003,_______ he studied very hard and was made Chair-
man of the Students' Union.
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
15. The old lady's hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ________ this shaking had begun half a
year before, and _______, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.
A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why
16. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
17. Mum is coming. What present ______ for your birthday
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
18. ----Is that the small town you often refer to
----Right,just the one ______ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
19. Her sister has become a lawyer, ______she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
20. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained.
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
21. ______I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
22. Danby left, word with my secretary______ he would call again in the :afternoort.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
23. The place _______the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest~
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
24.He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
25. I walked in our garden, _____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A. which B. when C. where . D. that
26. See the flags on top of the building That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
27. ---Could you do me a favor
---It depends on ______ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
28. Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than
those ______ don't.
A. who; / B. /; who
C. who; who D./;/
29. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in
the direction ______ she had come.
A. of which B. by which
C. in which D. from which
30. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,_______ we gave some
bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom
C. with whom D. with which
31. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man
of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
32.--Do you have anything to say for yourselves
--Yes, there is one point _______ we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D. /
33. Look out! Don't get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
34.---It's thirty years since we last met.
--But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ______ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
35. I was given three books on cooking, the first ______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
36.The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,
______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
37. We haven't settled the question of _______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
38.A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my
mother's birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
39. ______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which
C. Whatever D. Whichever
40.________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
Key: 1-5 BBBCB 6-10 BCCAD 11-15 ABDAC 16-20 ACCDD
21-25 CBCCC 26-30 DCCDB 31-35 BDABB 36-40 DCCDA
1. I won't call you.______ something unexpected happens.
A. unless B. whether C. because D. while
2. We all know that,______. the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
3. --Where's that report
--I brought it to you ______ you were in Mr. Black's office yesterday.
A. if B. when C. because D. before
4. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day.
A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case
5. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______ we've actually had that lesson,
A. until B. after C. since D. when
6. Pop music is such an important part of society _____ it has even influenced our language.
A. as B. that C. which D. where
7. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.
A. though B. before C. until D. if
8. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house ______ there is a power out.
A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that
9. You will be successful in the interview ______ you have confidence.
A. before B. once C. until D. though
10. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
11, The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet them a-
gain.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
12. I'd like to study law at university______ my cousin prefers geography.
A. though B. as C. while D. for
13. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ______ they have eggs or young chicks ,they don't use a
nest.
A. why B. how C. unless D. where
14. ______ I really don't like art, I find his work impressive..
A. As B. Since C. If D. While
15. We had to wait half an hour ______ we had already booked a table.
A. since B. although C. until D. before
Key: 1-5 ABBDA 6-10 BDCBC 11-15 BCCDB
l. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity __ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
2.It was evening ______ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
3. Parents should take seriously their children's requests for sunglasses ______ eye protection is necessary in sunny
weather.
A. because B. though C. unless D. if
4. I do every single bit of housework ______ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since B. while C. when D. as
5. Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
6. _______ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually llke the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
7. We were told that we should follow the main road ______ we reached the central railway station.
A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever
8. It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
9.Simon thought his computer was broken______ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn
it on.
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
10. I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ______ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result
C. in case D. so that
11. He tried his best to solve the problem,______ difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although
12. It is known to all that ______ you exercise regularly,you won't keep good health.
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
13.You'd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor you have to wait.
A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that
14. The American Civil War lasted four years ______ the North won in the end.
A. after B. before C. when D. then
15.---Did Jack come back early last night
--Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ______ he arrived home.
A. before B. when C. that D. until
16. Allow children the space to voice their opinions,______ they are different from your own.
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
17. The old tower must be saved, ______ the cost.
A. however B. whatever
C. whichever D. wherever
18. You must keep on working in the evening ______ you are sure you can finish the task in time.
A. as B. if C. when D. unless
19. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely,________ she was an only child.
A. ever since B. now that
C. even though D, even as
20. ______ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Since B. Unless C. As O. Although
21. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how. D. what
22. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ______, in fact, there were 40.
A. while B. whether C. what D. which
23. ______ you've tried it, you can't imagine how pleasant it is.
A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
24. He found it increasingly difficult to read,his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and B. for C. but D. or
25. In time of serious accidents,______ we know some basic things about first aid ,we can save lives.
A. whether B. until C. if D. unless
26. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ______ this was a memory she especially
treasured.
A. as B. if C. when D. where
27. You can't have this football back ______ you promise not to kick it at my cat again," the old man said firmly.
A. because B. since C. when D. until
28.--How long do you think it will be ______ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon
--Perhaps two or three years.
A. when B. until C. that D. before
29. A man cannot smile like a child, ______ a child smiles with his eyes,while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so B. but C. and D. for
30. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel ______. I heard the steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after
31. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ______ there is human suffering.
A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
32. ---Mom, what did your doctor say
--He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher.
A. in where B. in which
C. the place where D. where
33. Why didn't you tell him about the meeting
--He rushed out of the room _______ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
34.We won't keep winning games ______ we keep playing well.
A. because B. unless C. when D. while
35. ______ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.
A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once
36. His plan was such a good one ______ we all agreed to accept it,
A. so B. and C. that D. as
37. This is a very interesting book. I'll buy it, ______.
A. how much may it cost
B. no matter bow it may cost
C. however much it may cost
D. how may it cost
38. How can you expect to learn anything you never listen
A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when
39. He ,was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
40. I grew up in Africa,______ at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
Key: 1-5 DDABC 6-10 ABBAD 11-15 AACBB 16-20 BBDCD
21-25 BAABC 26-30 ADDDB 31-35 DDABD 36-40 CCDCB复合句
一、复合句概述
复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子，从句只用作句子的一个成分，而不能独立，从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常为:关联词+主语+谓语。
二、复合句分类
根据从句在句中的语法功能，复合句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
定语从句
一、概念
1. 定语从句
2. 先行词
3. 引导词
二、引导词的分类与功能
关系代词的分类和作用：
1)关系代词的作用有三个：
1 连接作用：关系代词引导从
句，把它和主句连接起来；
2 替代作用：关系代词在从句
中代替在它前面的先行词；
③成分作用：关系代词在从句
中总是充当一个句子成分。
2)．关系副词：
①连接作用：关系副词引导从
句，把它和主句连接起来；
②成分作用：关系副词在从句中
总作状语成分。
三、关系代词与关系副词的选用：
1. I’ll never forget the days ___
we spent together.
2. I’ll never forget the days ___
we stayed together.
3. This is the factory ____ we
visited last year.
4. This is the factory ____ we
worked last year.
5. This is the reason ____ he was
late for the meeting yesterday.
6. This is the reason ____ he told
me by telephone.
7. This factory is ____ we visited
last year.
This is the factory ____ we
visited last year.
8. This factory is ____ we
worked last year.
This is the factory ____ we
worked last year.
总结：三步法
四、关系副词可以用介词+关系代
词来引导。（根据名词确定介词）
when=in/on/at/during +which
where=in/at+which
why=for+which
若从句的谓语动词是不及物动词，介词的选用应根据动词的习惯搭配。
1. This is the person ____ we
talked just now.
2. This is the film ____ we
talked just now.
3. This is the problem ____ they
are worrying.
若表示范围或所属关系（代替
whose）,则用of+which/whom
引导定语从句
He has 3 sons, ____are in prison.
He bought a dozen books, ____
three are very useful.
The journey around the world
took the old sailor nine
months, ____ the sailing time
was 226 days.
The book is mine, whose cover is
broken.
=The book is mine, __ is broken.
The desk needs repairing, whose
legs are in poor condition.
= The desk needs repairing, ____
are in poor condition.
五、 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：(形式、引导词)
1. 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，若去掉，句意不完整或失去意义；非限制性定语从句则和主句关系不太密切，去掉对句意影响不大。
1). A person who often tells lies is
troublesome.
2). The accident happened on
the day when I lost my job.
3). The machine that often
breaks down needs repairing.
2. 非限制性定语从句可以修饰整个主句。
Liuxiang dropped out of the
110-meter hurdle race, which
made us disappointed.
As we know, Taiwan is part of
China.
3. 先行词为专有名词时，常用非限制性定语从句。
Kaifeng, which lies on the south
of the Huanghe River, is a
famous city with a long history.
六、关系代词as引导的定语从句：
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句也可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
1)用于固定搭配，先行词与as，so，such，the same连用时．例如：
You can wait for me at the same place as we did．你可以像以前一样在老地方等我。
注意：①the same．．．that．．．表
示同一人或物
the same．．．as．．．表示相似
的东西
This is the same knife that I
lost．这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。
This is the same knife as I lost．这把小刀和我丢的那把一样.
②such…as…(定语从句)像..那样
Such…that…(状语从句)如此…
以至于
This is such an easy question as I can answer．(定语从句)这是个我能回答的简单问题。
This is such an easy question that I can answer it. (状语从句)这个简单的问题，我能回答。
2)as引导非限制性定语从句，无固定先行词，代替整个主句，通常译为“正如……那样"。as从句可放在句首(此一点区别于which)。
as we know，as is known etc．
As is known，Taiwan belongs to China．众所周知，台湾属于中国。
七、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
1. 位置
2. 意思：as：正如；就像
which：这件事/这一点
3. 当从句表示否定或有消极意义时，用which
He came here late, which was
unexpected.
He failed in the exam, which
made us surprised.
八. 关系代词that与which的用法区别
1)关系词指物只用that引导，不用which的情况。
(1)当先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：
This is the best TV set that is
made in China．
The train is the first that will go
to Suzhou.
(2)当先行词是all，everything，
anything，nothing，little，none，
much等时。例如：
She hates everything that is
modern．
There is little that can be
believed about it．
(3)当先行词前有all，any,every，
no，little，much，few，none，
the last，the only，the very等词
修饰时。例如：
No sample that we have received
is satisfactory．
(4)当引导词在从句中作主语、宾
语、表语，而先行词既有人，又
有物时：
I don’t like things and persons
that he is talking about．
2)关系代词指物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况：
(1)关系代词指物，作介词宾语
This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks．
(2)关系代词指物，引导非限制性定语从句时：
He failed in the exam，which
made his father angry．
九、定语从句与同位语从句区别
十、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致：当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。
1)one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数 动词
He is one of the students who ____ the exam．他是通过考试的学生 之一。
2)the only one of+复数名词+关系 代词+单数动词
He is the only one of the students who ____ the exam．他是惟一通 过考试的学生。
3)当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
As ___ known to a1l，the earth goes around the sun．众所周知，地球 围着太阳转。
He has passed the college entrance examination，which ______ his parents quite happy.他已通过了 大学入学考试，这使他的父母非常 高兴。
4)其他情况
I, who am your teacher，will try my best to help you．我，你的老师， 将尽力帮你。
Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about 你听说过正在谈论的这些 人和事吗
5．使用定语从句应注意的几个问题：
1)当先行词是way时，意为“方式，方法”，引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种：that／in which/不填
I don’t like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks. 我不喜欢他说话的方式
2)注意区别先行词和引导词。
Is this+名词+the one+that从句
Is this the+名词+that从句
Is this school the one that we
visited 这所学校那个吗
Is this the school
这是 那所学校吗
3)注意区别定语从句和强调句型：
It is+名词that(which)．(定语从句)
It is+介词+名词that从句．．．(强调句)
It is the place
这是他出生的地方。
It is at the place that he was born．(强 调句) 他是在这个地方出生的。
7.“介词+关系代词"
1)介词+关系代词中介词宾语只能是which或whom。
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief．
你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。
2)当复合介词短语+which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。例如：
He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree．他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
3)介词+which／who+不定式结构。例如：
The poor man has no hoUse in which to live．那个可怜的人没有房子住。
4)of+which／whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系可用whose)
Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(= whose price)was very reasonable．最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理．。
注意：有时还用both of／half of／two of which／whom等。
There are 40 students in our class，half of whom are from Shanghai．
我们班有四十名学生，其中有一半来自上海
8．
(一)名词性从句
名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1．主语从句主语从句有三类：
1)由what等代词引起的主语从句，what表示“…所…的(东西)”，在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句，也可由whatever引起，表示“所…的一切"，也可由whoever引起，表示“一切…的人”。例如：
What you need is more practice．你需要的是更多的练习。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.我们在这说的无论什么都必须保密.
Whoever fails in the exam shall not be allowed to go home．无论谁考试不及格都不允许回家。
2)由连词that引起的主语从句，这类从句在大多数情况下都要放到句子后面去，而用代词it作形式上的主语。例如：
That we need more equipment is quite obvious．我们需要更多的装备，这是显而易见的。
It's not your fault that this has happened．发生这件事错不在你
3)由连接代词或连接副词(whether)引起的主语从句。例如：
Whether they will come hasn't been made public.他们什么时候来还未公布。
注意：what引起的从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数随意思而定。例如：
What she said is correct．她的话是对的。
What he left me are but a few old books．他留给我的仅有几本旧书而已。
2．宾语从句 同主语从句一样，宾语从句也有三类：
1)由连接代词或连接副词引起的宾语从句。这类从句只是在某些动词后用作宾语，常见动词有：see，say，tell,ask，answer，know，decide，find out，imagme，suggest，wonder，doubt，show，discover，inform，advise等。
Could you tell me where the booking office is 你能告诉我售票处在哪儿吗
We must find out who did all this.我们必须查明谁做的这一切。
2)由关系代词what等引起的宾语从句。这类从句可用在动词后，也可用在介词后作宾语。例如：
We always mean what we say.我们从来说话算数。
They gave whoever came to the meeting a book．他们给与会者每人一本书。
3)由that引起的宾语从句。that引起的宾语从句常常移到后面，前面用it作形式上的宾语。例如：
He reminded me that I had a meeting to attend that evening．他提醒我那天晚上我要参加个会。
I took it for granted that they were not coming．我想当然地认为他们不会来。
注意：
(1)在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这现象称为否定前移。例如：
I don’t think you are right.我想你是不对的。
I don't suppose he cares, does he 我看他不在乎，对吧
(2)where引起的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。例如：
We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. 从我们住的地方能很清楚地看到那座寺院。
(3)that引起的从句作介词宾语时是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到.例如：
Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose．除了结构有点松散以外，你的作文相当不错。
He differed from other people in that he always looked further ahead in his work. 他在工作中总是提前打算，在这一点上和别人不同.
3．表语从句，也有三类:
1)由that引起的表语从句。例如：
His suggestion is that we (should) change our course．他的建议是我们应改变课程。
2)由关系代词what引起的表语从句。例如：
That's what we should do．那就是我们应该做的。
Asia is no longer what it used to be．亚洲不再是过去的样子了。
3)由其他连接代词或副词引起的表语从句。例如：
That was how they were defeated. 那就是他们怎么被打败的.
4．同位语从句，有两类：
1)由that引起的同位语从句。常用在某些抽象名词(如idea，fact，news，hope，belief，rumour，thought，doubt)后。例如：
I have no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这儿。
2)由其他连接代词或副词引起的同位语从句。例如：
Then arose the question where we were to get the money needed. 然后出现的问题是哪里去筹措所需的资金。
注意：有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它说明的某个名词后，而被别的词隔开。例如：
The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword．据说William Tell确实用那把剑杀了国王。
注意：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
(1)在限制性定语从句中关系代词that充当主语或宾语，有实际意义。作宾语时，可省略。同位语从句中that是连词，不充当句子成分，没有任何实际含义，但不可省略。例如：
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging． (同位语从句)。 我们的球队赢得比赛的消息激动人心。
The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true．(定语从句)我们在收音机上听到的新闻不是真的。
(2)它们的引导词均可以是when，where和why，但定语从句的引导词与先行词之间在语义上有关联，因而常可分解为“介词+关系代词"结构，而同位语从句的引导词与所补充说明的名词在语义上无关联，不可分解为 “介词+关系代词”结构。例如：
I know the reason why(=for which)he was late．(定语从句)我知道他迟到的原因。
I have no idea why he was late．(同位语从句) 我不知道他为什么晚了。
(3)同位语从句的先行词一般是表示抽象概念的词，如idea，belief，impression等，而定语从句的先行词可以是各种表示抽象概念或具体概念的词。
注意：名词性从句的几个难点：
(1)that通常不可省略的三种情况：
①引导主语从句，that置于句首时。例如：
That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed．他考试不及格让父母很失望。
②当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。例如：
I wished(that)we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai．我希望今年夏天我 们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来。
③由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。例如：
He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan．他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。
(2)what与that的区别：
what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“…的人(地方、东西)等”；
that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。例如：
What he said was true．他说的是真的。
That he came late made the teacher angry．他迟到了，老师很生气。
两句中what与that绝对不能换用。
(3)whether与if的用法比较
二者均可作“是否"讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句可以互换。
I don’t know whether／if he’11 attend the meetifig．我不知道他是否会出席会议。
在下列情况下，常用whether,不用if：
①whether引导从句可以放于句首。例如：
Whether he comes or not makes no difference．他来不来都一样。
②whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。例如：
The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon．他是否人队的问题还没决定。
The question is whether it is worth trying．问题是这是否值得一试。
③whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。例如：
I haven't settled the question of whether I’11 lend him the money．关于是
否借给他钱的问题，我还没最后决定。
④whether后可以加不定式，if不可。例如：
He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait．他不知道是该结婚还是该等待。
⑤可以说whether．．．or引导让步状语从句，“无论，不论”，if则不可
Whether it rains or snows，I don’t care． 无论下雨还是下雪，我都不在乎。
注意：条件状语从句时只用if，不用whether。例如：
I shall tell you，if I have enough money．如果我有足够的钱，我会告诉你。
(三)状语从句
1. 状语从旬分类及常用连词
时间状语从句
常用连接词：when，as，as soon as, while, before，after，since，till，until,
特殊连接词：the minute，the moment，the second，directly,every time，the day，the instant，immediately，no sooner．．．than，hardly．．．when，scarcely．．．when
地点状语从句
常用连接词：where
特殊连接词：wherever，anywhere，everywhere
原因状语从句
常用连接词：because，since，as
特殊连接词：seeing that，now that，in that，given that, considering that
目的状语从句
常用连接词：so that，in order that
特殊连接词：lest，in case，for fear that，in the hope that，for the purpose that，to the end that
结果状语从句
常用连接词：so．．．that，such．．．that，so that
条件状语从句
常用连接词：if，unless
特殊连接词：as／so long as，only if，providing／provided that，suppose that，in case that，on condition that
让步状语从句
常用连接词：though，although，even if，even though
特殊连接词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句 首)，no matter．．．，in spite of the fact that，whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，however，whichever
方式状语从句
常用连接词：as，as if，how
特殊连接词：the way
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught US．
有时我们用我们父母教我们的方式来教我们自己的孩子。
比较状语从句
(1)as．．．as这种结构可以用于同等程度的比较，否定句用not so(as)．．．as。
(2)as和than连接的比较状语从句常可省去同主句相同的部分。(3)the．．．the．．．后面跟形容词、副词的比较级，意思为“越…越……”。
2．时间状语从句中几组连词用法比较：
1)表示“一……就..."的句型：
(1)as soon as／once
As soon as he arrives，I'11 tell him． 他一到我就告诉他。
Once you remember it，you'11 never torget it．
一旦你记住它，你就永远不会忘记。
(2)no sooner．．．than／hardly．．．when／scarcely．．．when
他们在表示“一....就……”，引导状语从句放于句首时，主句要用倒装。
No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain．
他一到家天就下起了雨。
Hardly(Scarcely)had I entered the room when the phone rang．我一进屋电话铃就响了。
注意：no sooner与hardly／scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成
时，而than与when的从句中谓语动词应用一般去时。
(3)the moment，the minute，the instant，the second, The year，the day等。
The moment I saw it，I fell in love with it．我一看见它就爱上了它。
We'11 leave the minute you are ready． 你一准备好我们就出发。
(4)有些副词如directly，immediately，instantly可以转化为连词，后接从
句，表示“一....就……"。
Directly I had done it，I knew I had made a mistake．我一做完，就知道犯了个错误。
He rushed upstairs immedlately he heard a ld noise． 他一所到大的响动就冲上了楼梯。
注意：on doing sth．／on one's+n．也可表示“一....就……”，引导时间
状语：
On arriving at the station，the thief was caught． 贼一到车站就被抓了。
On his arrival in London，he called his father up．他一到伦敦就给他父亲打了个电话。
2)when，while，as引导时间状语从句
(1)when引导一个可持续性的动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作；可表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作发生在主句动作之前。例如：
When I lived there，I used to go to the seashore．我生活在那时，常常去海边
When the rain stopped，students rushed out of the classroom．雨停了，学生
们冲出教室。
(2)while引导一个可持续性的动作，主句动作和从句动作同时发生，
从句动作多用进行时.例如：
My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework．我做作业时母亲在做饭。
We couldn't look on while they were mistreated．他们受虐待时我们不能袖手旁观。
(3)as引导一个可持续性的动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生，意为“一边…一边...。例如：
He sings as he is taking a bath.他一边洗澡一边唱歌。
注意：
when还可用于下列结构中，当“就在那时"讲，表示某件事正在发生或
刚刚发生，突然发生另一动作：
be about to do．．．when,．．
be doing．．．when．．．
be on the point of doing．．．when．．．
had just done．．．when．．．
例如：
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to raih．
我们刚要出发，突然下起雨来。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
我们正开着会突然有人闯入。
②when还可表示原因“既然’’，相当于since。例如：
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me
既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解
@while可作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
He likes playing football，while his brother likes playing basketball．
他喜欢踢足球，而他弟弟喜欢打篮球。
④as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着"的意思，表时间的推移。
As time goes on，his hair turns grey．
随着时间的推移，他的头发变白了。
3)till和until(till不用于句首)
(1)肯定句：延续性动词+until“直到...·为止”。例如：
1 waited for him until he came back.我等着直到他回来。
(2)否定句：非延续性动词(否定式)+until“直到……才"。
列如：
He didn't go home until it was dark．
直到天黑了他才回家。
(3)not．．．until句型中的强调和倒装句型
强调句式：It is not until．that．．．
It was not until dark that we began，to go home．
直到天黑了我们才回家。
倒装句式：Not until dark did we begin to go home．
我们直到天黑才回家。
4)before和since
(1)before引导的从句中一般不用否定式谓语，常用句型有：
①It is long before．．．过了好久才……
②It is not long before．．．过了不久就……
③It will be some time before．．．do．．．
④It was some time before．．．did．．．
⑤It would be some time before．．．did．．．
例如：It was long before I came．过了好久，我才来。
It was not long before he told me about this affair．
过了不久，他就把这事告诉我了。
注意：before还可表示“还未……就……”，”……才……"，‘趁……’’。
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land．
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save the baby．
他还没来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。
(2)since意为“自从……时’’，主句用完成时。
①since后用的动词不同，动作的起算时间不同：
I have written home four times since I came here．
自从我来到这儿，我往家写了四封信。
I haven't heard from him since he lived here．
自从他不住这儿以来，我就没有收到过他的来信。
②It is+时间段+since从句，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束开始。例如：。
It's three years since he smoked． 他不吸烟有三年了。
It's two years since she was in our class． 她离开我们班已经两年了。
3。地点状语从句
1)从属连词where和wherever指具体地点时，从句用于主句前后皆可；表示抽象条件含义时，从句必须放在主句之前。例如：
You are free to go wherever you go. 你愿意去哪儿就去哪儿。
Where there is a will，there is a way． 有志者，事竞成。
2)注意区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句。
where引导定语从句前面必须有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。例如：
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions．
有疑点或问题的地方你做个标记。(地点状语从句)
Make a mark at the place where you have any doubts or questions．
在有疑点或问题的地方做个标记。(定语从句)
4. 原因状语从句
because，as,since，for其用法和区别见下表：
含义 语气 能否回答why 位置 能否被强调
Because(因为) 直接因果关系 强 能 主句前或后 能
As（由于） 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 主句前或后 不能
Since/Now that(既然)
For 推测或进一步说明 弱 不能 主句后 不能
I don't go because I do not want to see her． 我不去因为我不想见她。
It is because I do not want to see her that I don't go．是因为我不想见她，我才不去的。
Now(that)／Since everyone is here，let'S begin．既然大家都到了，咱们开始吧。
As it is raining，we shall not go out for a walk．由于下着雨，我们不能出去散步了。
He must be ill，for he is absent today． 他一定生病了，因为他今天没来。
注意：其他表示原因的方式：
1 介词短语：because of，thanks to，due to，owing to, because of通常作状语，位于句首或句尾。thanks to“幸亏，多亏”多用于句首。due to通常用作表语，不位于句首。owing to表原因常放于句首。例如：
His illness was due to smoking and drinking．他的病是由吸烟和喝酒引起的
Owing to the rain，we couldn，t go out to play．
由于下雨，我们不能出去玩了。
②分词形式：
Being blind，he wouldn，t see anything．
(=As he was blind) 由于失明，他什么也看不见。
5. 目的状语从句
1)so that与in order that
意思都为“以便……”，“为了……’’，它们引导的状语从句中需用情态动词can，could等。in order that引导的从句可位于主句前后，so that引导从句只能位于主句之后。例如：
He got up early so that／in order that he could catch the first bus．
他早起以便能赶上早班车。
In order that he could catch the first bus,he got up early．
为了能赶上早班车他早起。
2)for fear that，in case与lest
意为“以防，以免"，它们所引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词有时要用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。例如：
Take your umbrella in case／lest it rains(should rain)． 带上伞以防下雨。
6．结果状语从句
so．．．that与such．．．that的句式结构：
so+adj.／adv.+that从句
so+adj.+a／an+单数可数n．+that从句
so many／much／few／little+n. +that从句
例如：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it．箱子太重我搬不动。
She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her．
她是如此漂亮的一个女孩，我们班所有男生都喜欢她。
There's little water that you can't drink．
这么少的水你没法喝。
such+(a／an)+adj．+n．+that从句
such+a lot of+n．+that从句
例如：
She is such an honest girl that she can't tell a lie．
她是个那么诚实的姑娘不会撒谎。
注意：①当so或such位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序：
So clever was he a student that he was,able to pass the exam．
他是个那么聪明的学生，能通过考试。
②little译作“小，可爱”时，可用such修饰。
He is such a．1ittle boy that his parents often teach him something．
他那么小，他的父母常教他些东西。
7. 条件状语从句
unless=if．．．not引导条件状语从句，从句谓语动词只能用肯定式。
Don't come in unless I let you． 别进来，除非我允许。
8．方式状语从句
as if，as though从句中若与事实相反，用虚拟语气，否则用陈述语气。
It looks as if it's going to rain． 看起来似乎要下雨。
The old teacher treats students as if they were his children．
这位老教师对待学生就像他们是他的孩子一样。
9. 让步状语从句
1)although与though可互换，都可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不和but连用。例如：
Although／Though he was tired，he kept on working．
虽然累了，他仍坚持工作。
2)even though与even if从句中可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。例如：
We’ll make a trip even if／though the weather is bad．
(陈述语气)尽管天气不好，我们也要去旅行。
Even if 1 were you，1 wouldn，t take the job．
(虚拟语气)即使我是你，我也不会接受那份工作。
3)as引导让步状语从句须用倒装。句型为：
Adj./adv./ n.(一般不带冠词)/v.(原形)+so + 主+ 谓
例如：Child as he is，he knows a lot． 虽然他是个孩子，却懂得很多。
Much as I like it，1 won't buy it，for it's too expensive．
尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买，因为它太贵了。
4)no matter+疑问词引导让步状语从句相当于疑问词+ever。
no matter who—whoever；
no matter what—whatever；
no matter which=whichever；
no matter how=however；
no matter where=wherever；
Whatever(No matter what)you say，he won’t believe you．无论你说什么，他都不相信你。
注意：疑问词十ever还可以引导名词性从句，no matter+疑问词则不可以。
You can take whatever you like． 你可以拿走你喜欢的任何东西。
10. 比较状语从句
注意：状语从句的省略：
①有些时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致，从句的谓语动词又包含be，就可以省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。例如：
While(I was)in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall．在北京时，我去游览了长城。
If(you are)asked，you may come i11． 如果被叫到，你可以进来。
She stood at the gate as if(she was)waiting for someone． 她站在门口好像在等人。
Though cold，he still wore a shirt． 尽管冷，他仍穿着件衬衫。
②有时从句的主语是it，即使不与主句主语相同，也把“it+be”部分省略。例如：
Come tomorrow if it is possible． 有可能的话明天来。
还有诸如：if so(如果如此)；if any(如果有)；if in need(如果需要)；if necessary(如果有必要)
注意：状语从句不用将来时态，特别是在时间状语、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表将来。例如：
1 will go if you go．如果你去我就去。
that/which he was born in.
in which /where he was born.
我们参观的
我们学习的
that we Visited
where we study
指人：who, whom,
指物：which, as
指人、物：that,whose
关系副 词
关系代词
引 导 词
表时间：when
表地点：where
表原因：why
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