语法专题一---句子成分与结构
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课件21张PPT。句子成分与结构语法复习专题一一、介绍与其重要性句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种： 主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、
定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 ●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子
的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，
就能写出完整、正确的句子。英语的句子成分： 一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
He will take you to the hospital.
Three plus four equals seven.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.
二）谓语由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 动词/动词短语名词代词数词to do不定式doing动名词句子My father is a professor.
Who's that? It's me.
Everything here is expensive.
The match became very exciting.
The story of my life may be of help to others.
Three times five is fifteen.
His plan is to seek work in the city.
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 三）表语 它的位置在_______________之后。是用来说明主语的_______,______, _______的.系动词、连系动词性质特征状态名词 n代词 pron形容词 adjadj介词短语数词to do不定式句子（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。She covered her face with her hands.
We haven't seen her for a long time.
Do you mind opening the window?
Give me four please.
He wants to dream a nice dream.
We need know what others are doing.
We should care more about our friends. 谓语介词名词 n代词 pron动名词代词和数词to do不定式句子介词+名词（五）定语 是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。They are woman workers.
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.
Mary is a beautiful girl..
The play has three acts.
This is her first trip to Europe.
China is a developing country.
I have nothing to eat.
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名前后 名词名词所有格形容词 adj数词形容词 / to do 不定式现在分词 doingto do 不定式从句六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom.
I left the village five years ago.
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .
We'll send a car to fetch you.
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
If he goes, so will I .
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地点状语时间状语原因状语目的状语结果状语伴随状语条件状语让步状语七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。They elected me captain of the team.
We try to make our country strong.
We found everything in good order there.
I should advise you to get the chance.
I saw him going upstairs.
They found the house broken in.
名词形容词介词to do 不定式现在分词 doingdone 过去分词八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.与宾语补足语一样二.五种简单基本句型主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语动词系动词不及物动词及物动词主语+系+表语主语+谓语
1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
主语 系动词 表语
2）The city will become rich.
主语 系动词 表语
在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：
“变化”类：______________________________________________.
“感官”类: ______________________________________________.
“持续”类：___________________________________________.
其他：（似乎）________ _______ (证明是)_________
Get/ become/ turn/growTaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundStay/ keep/remainSeem appearTurn out/ prove1．主语 + 系动词 + 表语Exercises你的故事听起来很有趣。____________________________________.
把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。________________________________________.
这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。__________________________________________.
这个计划证明是可行的。__________________________________________.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge, or they will become bad.The hot day will remain a few days.The plan turned out practical.2．主语 + 谓语1）Building has started.
主语 谓语
2）The train leaves at 7:40.
主语 谓语
______搭配：The teacher teaches well.
The child walks very slowly.
_____搭配： The girl looked at the picture.
The children ran to the forest.
动词副词动词介词Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。
小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘
里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴. ____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.The birds sang happily in the tree, the fish played freely in the pool and I also enjoyed myself.3．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语1）The boss employed five more workers.
主语 谓语 宾语
2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
3）Few students like taking exams.
4）He forgot to close the door.
5）I hope I can speak English fluently. Exercise他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。___________________________________.
他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。___________________________________.
他许诺给我一个礼物。___________________________________.
He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.4．主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_________________________________________.
下学期谁教你们生物？___________________________________________.
Mr. White告诉我为什么他要出国。_____________________________________.By the way, has she paid you?Who will teach you biology?Mr. White told me why he went abroad.5．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语1）The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
2）I will keep the box in the shade.
3）We found him a very good pupil.
4）She let me stay in the company.Exercise他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。______________________________________.
我建议他多读点书。__________________________________________.
他修了机器。___________________________________________.
我们选他当班长。________________________________________________.He always keeps his room cleanI suggest him reading more books.He had his machine repaired.We made him monitor.Thank you
定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 ●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子
的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，
就能写出完整、正确的句子。英语的句子成分： 一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
He will take you to the hospital.
Three plus four equals seven.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.
二）谓语由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 动词/动词短语名词代词数词to do不定式doing动名词句子My father is a professor.
Who's that? It's me.
Everything here is expensive.
The match became very exciting.
The story of my life may be of help to others.
Three times five is fifteen.
His plan is to seek work in the city.
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 三）表语 它的位置在_______________之后。是用来说明主语的_______,______, _______的.系动词、连系动词性质特征状态名词 n代词 pron形容词 adjadj介词短语数词to do不定式句子（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。She covered her face with her hands.
We haven't seen her for a long time.
Do you mind opening the window?
Give me four please.
He wants to dream a nice dream.
We need know what others are doing.
We should care more about our friends. 谓语介词名词 n代词 pron动名词代词和数词to do不定式句子介词+名词（五）定语 是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。They are woman workers.
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.
Mary is a beautiful girl..
The play has three acts.
This is her first trip to Europe.
China is a developing country.
I have nothing to eat.
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名前后 名词名词所有格形容词 adj数词形容词 / to do 不定式现在分词 doingto do 不定式从句六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom.
I left the village five years ago.
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .
We'll send a car to fetch you.
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
If he goes, so will I .
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地点状语时间状语原因状语目的状语结果状语伴随状语条件状语让步状语七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。They elected me captain of the team.
We try to make our country strong.
We found everything in good order there.
I should advise you to get the chance.
I saw him going upstairs.
They found the house broken in.
名词形容词介词to do 不定式现在分词 doingdone 过去分词八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.与宾语补足语一样二.五种简单基本句型主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语动词系动词不及物动词及物动词主语+系+表语主语+谓语
1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
主语 系动词 表语
2）The city will become rich.
主语 系动词 表语
在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：
“变化”类：______________________________________________.
“感官”类: ______________________________________________.
“持续”类：___________________________________________.
其他：（似乎）________ _______ (证明是)_________
Get/ become/ turn/growTaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundStay/ keep/remainSeem appearTurn out/ prove1．主语 + 系动词 + 表语Exercises你的故事听起来很有趣。____________________________________.
把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。________________________________________.
这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。__________________________________________.
这个计划证明是可行的。__________________________________________.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge, or they will become bad.The hot day will remain a few days.The plan turned out practical.2．主语 + 谓语1）Building has started.
主语 谓语
2）The train leaves at 7:40.
主语 谓语
______搭配：The teacher teaches well.
The child walks very slowly.
_____搭配： The girl looked at the picture.
The children ran to the forest.
动词副词动词介词Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。
小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘
里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴. ____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.The birds sang happily in the tree, the fish played freely in the pool and I also enjoyed myself.3．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语1）The boss employed five more workers.
主语 谓语 宾语
2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
3）Few students like taking exams.
4）He forgot to close the door.
5）I hope I can speak English fluently. Exercise他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。___________________________________.
他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。___________________________________.
他许诺给我一个礼物。___________________________________.
He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.4．主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_________________________________________.
下学期谁教你们生物？___________________________________________.
Mr. White告诉我为什么他要出国。_____________________________________.By the way, has she paid you?Who will teach you biology?Mr. White told me why he went abroad.5．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语1）The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
2）I will keep the box in the shade.
3）We found him a very good pupil.
4）She let me stay in the company.Exercise他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。______________________________________.
我建议他多读点书。__________________________________________.
他修了机器。___________________________________________.
我们选他当班长。________________________________________________.He always keeps his room cleanI suggest him reading more books.He had his machine repaired.We made him monitor.Thank you