Unit 1 Great Scientists grammar(浙江省温州市)

课件18张PPT。Look at the passage and underline the past participle.John Snow was an expert physician who became inspired when he thought about helping people exposed to cholera. Many terrified people died every time there was an outbreak because there was no cure. So he wanted to face the challenge and became interested in two theories in which one of them suggested the victims absorbed the disease into their bodies and soon the affected person died. In 1854 the severe disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods, and he began his enquiry. According to his map, John Snow suspected the polluted water was to blame though he had not foreseen this. Then astonished people were instructed to remove the handle form the pump linked to the outbreak.Past Participle used as the Attribute
terrified people
affected person
polluted water
astonished person
person (who are) affected bywater (which/that is) polluted byperson (who are) astonished bypeople who are affected byChange the following phrases into the attributive clause ==people affected bypeople exposed to cholera (后置定语)=person who are exposed to cholera=exposed person=== Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.Past Participle Past Participle
as the Attribute (1) as the Attribute(2)
terrified people 1.
reserved seats 2.
polluted water 3.
a crowded room 4.
a pleased winner 5.people (who are) terrified ofseats (which are) reserved bywater (that is) polluted bya room (that is) crowded bya winner (who is) pleased byPast Participle Past Participle
as the Attribute (1) as the Attribute(2)
1. children astonished at/by…
2. a vase broken by …
3. a door closed by …
4. the audience tired of …
5. an animal trapped in/by …astonished childrena broken vasea closed doorthe tired audiencea trapped animalGrammar一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。
eg：a lost animal
a used stamp
an injured finger
a broken coin
a lighted candle
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。
e.g.：英语口语
书面练习
一只迷路的动物
一枚用过的邮票
一个受伤的手指
一枚破损的硬币
一支点燃的蜡烛 spoken Englishwritten exercises少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义
落叶
升起来的太阳
发达国家
一个醉鬼
一名留学生
一名退休教师
一名逃跑的囚犯
fallen leaves
the risen sun
the developed countries
drunken man
a returned student
a retired teacher
an escaped prisoner2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义,可转化为定语从句.
e.g.：He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
他发现水来自于被伦敦排出的脏水污染了的河流。
He found that it came from the river which was polluted by the dirty water from London.
The books written by Lu Xun are popular．
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
The books that are written by Lu Xun are popular.1） He told us of the great wrong done to him.
= He told us of the great wrong ______________________ to him. (完成与被动)
2） The United States is a developed country.
= The United Stated is a country ______________________ . （完成）
3）Have you noticed the bridge being built there?
= Have you noticed the bridge ______________________ there?（被动进行）which had been donewhich has developedwhich is being builtThe Past Participle used as the PredicativeE.g. John Snow was an expert physician who became inspired when he thought about ……
So he wanted to face the challenge and became interested in two theories.二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式，如：
be动词（be,is,am,are,was,were），
感官动词
(sound,taste,smell,look,seem,appear,feel等)，
表变化动词
(become,grow,get,go,turn等)，
表保持动词
(remain,keep,stay等)。2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，强调动作
e.g.：This shop is now closed．
这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)
This shop is closed at 6 pm. everyday．
这家商店每天6点关门。(动作） Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.1. 丢了钱他自责不已。
He ______________ about losing the money.
2. 在工作一整天之后，这个别画家看起来非常累。
The painter _____________ after working for a whole day.
3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。
I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.
got blamedlook so tiredwas disappointed with4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody ____________to hear of the death of the famous film star．
5.人们对这新的奥运场馆感到相当振奋。
Everybody ____________________ the new Olympic stadiums.
6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.
His wound ___________________ a new virus．
was shockedis really excited aboutbecame infected withLinda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known高考链接B解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考链接A解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known高考链接D解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt高考链接B解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。Homework Summarize the use of the past participle as the attribute and predictive.