unit 1 friendship知识系统

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必修 1 unit 1 知识系统
Unit 1 friendship
Period1 warming up, pre-reading, reading, comprehending.
1. add (vt./vi)加，增加，补充说
词性拓展：additional (adj)附加的，另外的； addition (n.) 加，增加
in addition 另外；此外 in addition to 除了……
用法：（1）add sth. up 把…加起来
（2）add to 增添
（3）add… to … 把…加到…
(4)add up 把…加起来
(5)add up to 总计；加起来结果是 …
what he said about the accident and did with it ______ our trouble.
A. added up to B. added to C. add up D. add
add to 增添；不能用被动(B)
you’d better ________ your score and see if you have passed the ezam.
A. add up to B. add to C. add up D.add
A 强调加起来的结果；C意为把……加起来（C）
2．point (n.) 尖端；点；分数；要点；论点
用法：(1)on the point of 就要/将近…….的时候
（2）to the point 中肯，扼要
（3）in point 恰当的，适当的
（4）there is no point in doing sth.做某事没有意义。
The sailors were on the point of giving up ______ the captain came up.
A. when B. while C. as D. because
Be on the point of doing … when …是固定句式。When 在此处表示“在那个时候”=and at that time 此时不能用其他词（as/while）代替。
拓展：句型（1）be about to do ……when……
(2)be doing……when……
(3)have/had done ……. when……
3. ignore (vt.)不理睬 ；忽视
词性拓展： ignorant adj. 无知的；不知的 ignorance n. 无知；愚昧
用法：（1）ignore sb./ sth. 忽视某人/某物
（2）be ignorant of sth
he ________ the doctor’s advice and goes on smoking.
I was ________ of the fact that the boss could be so strict.
(ignores; ignorant)
4. clam adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉静的
you should keep clam in time of danger.
区别：silent 不说话，不出声；quite 安静的；宁静的；still 不动的；强调“静止状态”；clam 指人“沉着，镇定”；指自然“无风无浪”。
（1） the old man stood quite _______ , except that his lips moved slightly.
（2） One man shouted at the boy, “ be _______ ,boy ! what’s the matter with you ”
（3） He is _______ about the accident.
（4） He remained _________ in the face of the cruel enemy.
(1. still 2.quite.3.silent.4.calm)
5.concern vt.涉及；关系到 n.关心；关注
用法拓展：(1) be concerned about/for sth.关心挂念……
(2)be concerned in sth. 和某事有牵连
(3)be concerned with sth.与某事有关/关于…….
(4)as concerns 关于（= concerning）
(5)as far as …be concerned …就…… 而言
(6)show/feel concern for/about ……担心/关心……
the meeting was concerned _________ reforms and everyone present was concerned _______ their own interests.
A. with; for B. with; with C. for; about; D. about; with
(前一句理解为“会议与改革有关”，因此此处应填介词with; 后一句句意为“到会的每一个人都关心自己的利益”，因此空二填介词 about/for 。 A)
6.loose adj. 松的，松散的，松开的
词性拓展：loosen vt./vi. 解开，放松；变松；
用法拓展；break loose 挣脱出来；迸发出来
come (get) loose (结等)松掉；
let /set loose释放；放出；发出
7．cheat n.欺骗;骗子 vt./vi. 欺骗；作弊
用法拓展：（1） cheat sb. into doing sth..欺骗某人做某事
（2）cheat sb. (out) of sth. 欺骗某人某物
（3）cheat sb. into the belief that … 骗某人相信…
(4) cheat in the exam 考试作弊
★8．reason n. 理由；原因 vt./ vi. 推理；说服
eg: my reason is that the cost will be too high. 我的理由是费用太高。
词性拓展：reasonable adj. 合情合理的
用法拓展：（1）for this /that /no /some reason 因为这个/那个/没有/某一理由
（2）reason with sb. 和某人辩论
（3）by reason of 因为，由于……
（4）the reason for sth./ doing sth. is that …….做某事的理由是…….
（5） The reason why …… is that …… 做某事的理由是……
The reason _________ he was late was ______ his car had broken down on the way.
A. why; because B. that; because C. that; for D. why; that
She would like to know the reason ________ fewer and fewer students are showing interest in her lesson. A. for B. why C. for that D. which
What do you think of the reason ________ he explained in his last letter ________ refusing the job A. why; why B. that; for which C. which; for D. that; because
(D. B.首先分析定语从句结构，主谓齐全，空格只能填状语成分，所以使用关系副词why;c改为for which 也对； C. 注意：reason 后面的定语从句不一定用why引导，要看在定语从句中缺少什么句子成分。在这里explain 缺少宾语只能用关系代词that 或 which 引导。
补充：reason 与cause 的区别
reason 指在事实的基础上通过逻辑判断出的理由与conclusion (结论)相对，常与for或why 连用；cause是自然造成某种结果的原因，与effect(结果)相对，常与of 连用。
用reason, cause 填空
（1） the ________ of the fire is still not known.
（2） Give me your ________ for doing it.

9.list vt. 列出 n. 表，一览表，目录，名单
用法拓展：make a list of ……列……表
10．Share vt./vi.分享；共同使用 n. 一份；份额
用法拓展：（1）share (in) sth. 分享/分担某物
（2） share sth. with sb. 与某人共享某物；与某人分担某物
11． Feeling n. 感觉；感情
词性拓展：feel vt./vi. 感觉，感受，触摸 feelings 情感
12. Netherlands n. 荷兰 Netherlander n. 荷兰人 Netherlandish adj. 荷兰的；
荷兰人的；荷兰语的 n. 荷兰语
13．German n. 德国人；德语 adj. 德国的；德国人的；德语的
词性拓展：Germany n. 德国
用法拓展：German 的复数形式是Germans, 而英国人、法国人的复数形式是Englishmen和Frenchmen.
14. series n. 连续；系列
there will be a series of football games next month.
用法拓展：a series of meeting /exams /textbooks
two series of stamps
series单复数同型，作主语时谓语动词根据 series 单复数概念决定，不根据of 的名词决定。
15．Outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外；
children usually prefer playing outdoors.
相关拓展：outdoors adj.户外的，野外的
indoors adv. 在室内；入室内 indoor adj. 室内的
16．Crazy adj. 疯狂的；狂热的
用法拓展： （1）be crazy about …….对…… 狂热，痴迷
（2）be crazy for sb./sth. =long for 渴望某物或迷恋某人
（3） be crazy with 因……而发疯
he has greatly improved is spoken English by learning Crazy English. And he ________ a chance to go abroad. A. is crazy about B. is crazy for C. is hoping for D. hopes about
17. nature n. 自然；自然界
keep the balance of nature
词性拓展： natural adj. 自然的； naturally adv. 自然的
用法拓展：against nature 违反自然 by nature 生来；天生 in nature 性质上；
in the nature of 具备……的性质
注意：nature 意思是“自然，自然界”，前面不加冠词。
18 .purpose n. 目的；意图
the purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
用法拓展：(1)on purpose 故意地= with the purpose of doing
(2) for the purpose of doing 为了 ……的目的
he held out his fist before the young man and tried to anger him ________.
A. for purpose B. on purpose C. in purpose D. from purpose
(B)
★19.dare vt./ vi. Aux. 敢；胆敢
用法拓展：（1） dare 作情态动词，一般用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，后跟不带to 的不定式，有自己的过去式dared, 无人称和数的变化。
He dared not go near the dog.
If you dare speak to me like that again , you’ll be sorry.
(2) dare 用作实义动词，后跟带to 的不定式，有人称、数及时态的变化。
但在否定句和疑问句中可省略to.
Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall
She doesn’t dare (to) say anything
注意：做题时，应先判断dare 是情态动词还是实义动词。
He ________ his parents about his failure in the examination.
A. dare not tell B. dares not to tell
C. dare not to tell D. dare not tell
I wondered how he _________ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
(D, 本题考察dare 的用法。做题时，应先判断dare 是情态动词还是实义动词。A\B\C三项从dare not 判断显然是情态动词，后应跟动词原形，排除B\C二项。A项dare 是情态动词，无人称和数的变化，不应加 “s”,故答案选 D.)
(D.本题考察dare 的用法。Dare 用作行为动词有人称、数和时态的变化。A项从to say 来看，dare 是实义动词，有时态的变化，应把dare 改为dared。用作情态没有人称和数的变化，但有时态变化，其后接省to 的不定式，但不能接动名词，排除B 。C没有这种形式，故答案选D.本句中dared say （情态动词）=dared to say (实义动词)
20．Thunder n. 雷；雷声 vi. 打雷；雷鸣
拓展：thunder -storm n.雷暴；雷雨 thunder- shower n. 雷阵雨
21． Entirely adv. 完全地；全然地，整个地
I agree with you entirely.
用法拓展：entire 是形容词，意为“整个的，全部的”（=whole）;全然的，完全的（=complete）;(构成一组的东西)全部齐全的，未破坏的；无伤的，entire 通常置于名词前做定语。
注意：entirely 用在否定句中，表示部分否定。
单句改错：his work was not entire satisfactory.
(entire—entirely , 副词修饰形容词，表部分否定。句意为“他的工作并非完全令人满意”。
22．Power n. 能力；力量；权力）
the police have the power to detain offenders.
词性拓展：powerful adj. 强有利的；强大的 powerless adj. 无力量的；软弱的
powerfully adv. 强大地
用法拓展：(1)have the power to do 有权利做某事
（2）brain power 智力 political power 政权 electric/ water power 电/水力 power station 发电站
（4） come into power 掌权（动作）; be in power 掌权（状态）
区分：power 能力； 力量； 电力； 权力 strength 力量；力气 energy 精力；能量
Full of ________ , he lifted the stone .
Full of _________, he is always active.
Hitler came into _________ in Germany in 1933.
We have the ________ to obtain our shares.
(strength; energy; power; power)
23. according adv. 依照
you’ve been in prison six times according to our records.
词性拓展：accord vt./ vi. (使符合，一致)
accordant adj. 一致的，调和的（with）; accordingly adv. 按照；依据
用法拓展： according to 按照；根据……所说 后面接名词、代词或what 从句，用作状语。
________ what she said, the police quickly found the thief and caught him.
A. according B. accordingly C. according to D. accord to
(C)
24.trust vt./ n. 信任；信赖
don’t ask me; trust your own judgement.
用法拓展：（1）trust sb. = believe in sb.信任某人
（2）trust sb. to do ( 放心)托付某人做某事。
（3）sb. trust that ……相信……

词组：
1． Make the following survey 做如下调查
Of the five hundred householders _________ , 40% had dishwashers.
A. to survey B. surveyed C. surveying D. being surveyed
The teacher came in, __________ some students.
A. follow B. following C. followed D. to follow
(B, 表动宾关系，必须用被动关系，而且是完成被动。 B,考察非谓语动词。Follow 后面带着宾语，因此用现在分词作伴随状语。而不定式作状语表目的和结果。)
2． Not …… until ……★
He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
用法拓展：(1)本句型中主句谓语动词为瞬间动词，非延续。（2）当not until 放在句首时，主句用倒装语序，从句不倒装。（3） 在强调句中一般用not until 短语或从句。
注意：（1）遇到it is (was) …… that…… 先判断是否是强调句，判断的标准是把 it is (was)…… that …… 去掉看句子仍然成立。
（2） not …… until …… 短语用在强调句型中必须合在一起。

It was _______ last week that we ________ him .
A. until; knew B. until; didn’t know C. not until; knew D. not until; didn’t kow
(C. 本句为一强调句型，强调not … until 短语。 Not… until 用于此句型中，必须放在一起。另外，强调句的结构为：it is (was)+ 强调成分+that …)

完成句子 直到她摘下墨镜来，我才意识到她是个著名的电影明星。
Not until she took off her sun-glasses ______ I _______ that she was a famous film star.
(did; realize not until 放在句首时，用倒装语序，主句倒装而从句不倒装)

3． Get it repaired 让别人修理……
My radio was broken, and I must get it repaired.
用法拓展：get sth. done 使某物被做； have sth. done 让别人做某事
★ get 之后可接复合宾语，即get +宾语+宾补，宾补可以是现在分词、过去分词或不定式短语，结构为：｛get +○+ doing 使……（主动）｝；｛get +○+ done 使……被……｝;｛get +○+ to do 使……做……｝get + 现在分词表示主动关系；get + 过去分词表示被动关系。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
（1） let me try now. I’ ll get the car ________ (go)
（2） when are you going to get your bike ________ (repair)
（3） I’ll get him ________ (do) the work.
(going 使汽车发动起来； repaired 表被动 ； to do 主动，表将来)
the workers get ________ by the hour.
A. paid B. pay C. paying D. to pay
(A, get paid by the hour 按小时付给工资。Get +过去分词表示被动关系)

4． Have got to 必须，不得不
He has got to finish his homework today.
用法拓展： have to 必须，不得不=have got to (客观) // must 必须（主观）
in the class of the computer information ,there weren’t enough computers for every student, so we ________ . A. had got to save B. had to separate C. had to share D. had got to divide
(C. 由于电脑不够，我们不得不共用电脑。Share 在此处为不及物动词，“共用”)

5． Walk the dog 遛狗
用法拓展：walk 在此处是及物动词“（使）走”。Walk sb. to exhaustion 使某人走得筋疲力尽；walk a horse 遛马；walk a bicycle 推着自行车走 walk a patient 扶着病人走
翻译句子：我陪你走到汽车站。（I’ll walk you to the bus stop）
while _________ the dog , you should take care not to __________ .otherwise, it may be dangerous to strangers.
A. walking;; get loose B. walk; be loose C. walking for; get it loose D. walked; get loosing
(A. C 项的 get it loose 是正确的； 但walk for 不对。)

6． Go through (1)经历；经受 （2）仔细阅读或研究；仔细查看 （3）完成；用光；通过；穿过
you really don’t know what we went through while working on this project. 你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。
用法拓展：see through 看穿；看破 get through 通过；完成；接通电话
break through 突破 look through 浏览 through and through 从头至尾地

6． Hide away 躲藏；隐藏； 把……隐藏起来
He hides my book away somewhere. 他把我的书藏在某个地方了。
用法拓展： hideaway n. 隐藏处 hide sth. from sb. 把某事瞒着某人

7． Set down 放下；记下；登记
Why don’t you set your ideas down on paper
用法拓展： set down= put down= take down
(1) set about doing sth.开始做某事
(2) set off 开始；出发；引爆 set sth.off 使…… 爆炸
(3) set up 建立；创办
(4) set sb. a good example 为……树立好榜样
(5) set fire to 放火烧
(6) set aside 把 ……放在一边；存储
she ________ the vase on the table and went out.
A. set out B. set up C. set down D. set on
(C. 放下)

8． ★ happen to do sth. 碰巧正在做某事
when I was about to look for him, he happened to come in.
用法拓展：(1) happen to be doing 碰巧正在做某事
（2） happen to have done 碰巧做完了某事
（4） happen to sb. / sth .发生
（5） it happens that (从句)= 主语+ happen + to do 碰巧…….
（6） As it happens 碰巧；偶然
It happened that I met him on my way home, yesterday. ( 改为同义句)
n I happened to meet him on my way home,yesterday.

9. face to face 面对面地
she stood face to face with him.
用法拓展： hand in hand 手拉手 side by side 肩并肩 = shoulder to shoulder肩并肩
heart to heart 心连心地 back to back 背靠背地 arm in arm 手拉手地

词语辨析：
1. be good to / be good for
be good to …对……好，和善；
be good for…对……有益
（1） 晨练对你的健康有好处。Doing morning exercise is good __________ your health.
（2） 他对我一向很好。He ha always been good ________ me.
（3） 这有益于她的学习。It is good ______ her study.
(for; to; for)

2. discover/ invent
discover 发现；看出，发现原来存在而不为人知的东西；
invent 发明，发明原来不存在的东西
（1） we ________ them to be cheats at last.
（2） We have _______ that he is quite careful in his work.
（3） Do you know who ________ the machine
(discovered; discovered; invented)

3. ★ do with / deal with
都有“处理、与 ……有关”的意思，（1）do with 与 what 搭配， what 在句中作do 的宾语；（2）deal with 与how 搭配；
（1）______ do you do with the old bike
（2）______ do you deal with the old bike
(what; how)
it’s said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
(C.本题考查“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中做宾语。What 作 do 的宾语，it 作介词with的宾语。句意为“据说澳大利亚的土地多得政府都不知道怎么处理。

4． In order to / so as to
in order to 和so as to 后接动词原形，用作目的状语时，二者用法一致，但in order to do语气强烈，可放在句首、句中；而 so as to do 语气较弱，只能放在句中，不能放在句首；它们的否定形式把not 放在to 的前面。
注意：in order to 引导目的状语从句时，不定式的逻辑主语同句子主语保持一致。
________ get a better score, she has been studying hard all day.
A. so has to B. in order to C. so that D. in order that
(B, so that 和in order that 引导从句)
★ in order to make our city green, __________.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees
B. many trees need to plant
C. our city need more trees
D. we must plant more trees
(D. 本题考查in order to 引导目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语同句子主语一致的原则。目的状语的意思是“为了使我们的城市变绿“， make的逻辑主语是人（we）。

5．Too much / much too
too much 修饰不可数名词； much too作状语修饰形容词和副词。
注意：too much 用法同 much ; much too 的用法同too. Too many 修饰可数名词
用too much, much too 填空
（1） the price of the computers is _________ high.
（2） The lady spent ________ money on new clothes.
（3） The trip is _________ for the old man.
（4） You shouldn’t talk ________ in the class.
(much too; too much; too much; too much)

交际用语
1．Say no to sb./ a plan / a proposal / a request 否定或拒绝某人（一项计划、提议、要求等）
his father said no to his request for money.
用法拓展：(1) say yes /Ok to sb./ sth. 同意某人/某事
（2） say good-bye to sb.向某人告别
（3） say sorry to sb.向某人道歉。
（4） Say hello /hi to sb. 向某人问候
2．I wonder if ……从句“我想知道是否……”语气较委婉。
I wonder if you will help me with my English.
I wonder if you like have a walk with me.
3. what should … be like 是用来对某人或某事的看法进行提问的交际用语，该句型常用的形式为：what is /was sb. / sth. like 用于请对方说出某人或某事的样子或对其的感觉或看法，即“什么样子”
-----what do you think a good student should be like
-----I think he should be honest and hard-working.
用法拓展：其他句型有（1）how do …like （2）what do you think of …
问……怎么样？
4．It’s because … it is 之后表原因的从句中，只能用because 来引导不能用since或 as
I think it’ because you eat too much.
用法拓展：this/ that/ it +is + because/ why/ when/where/how…
------ why hasn’t Jane spoken to me these days
------ it is _________ you spoke ill of her behind her back.
A. as B. because C. for D. since
(B. it is 之后只能用because 引导表语从句，for 是介词，不能引导表语从句。

★句型及重难点句详解
1．While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(warming up,p1)
=while you were walking the dog,……省略了walk 的逻辑主语you 和be 动词were, 以避免重复。
While living in England, he picked up some English.
=while he was living in England,….
When asked about the secret of his success, he said that he owed it to his wife.
=when he was asked about the ….
用法拓展：当连词when, while, before, after等引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和 be动词省去。
While _________ through the park, we saw a fine flower show.
A. walked B. walking C. walks D. being walking
When _________ from the hill, the buses look small.
A. seen B. seeing C. see D. to see
(B; A, see和buses 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而且是被动关系。)

2．Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feeling and thoughts (reading p2)
whom you could tell everything to在句中充当定语，修饰先行词friend, 其中 whom 在从句中作介词 to 的宾语，（定语从句在第4、5单元中重点学习）。
The man who came yesterday is my a friend of mine. (who在从句中作主语)
The man whom/ who you met yesterday is a friend of mine. (whom/ who 在从句作宾语)
The poor man _______ lost his money just now is called john.
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
★The town ________ we visited last month is the one ________ the famous painter was born.
A. where; which B. which; where; C. in which; that D. where; where
(C, 从句缺主语，先行词是人，因此用关系代词who引导； B. 空一定语从句中visit是及物动词缺少宾语，因此用关系代词that 或which来引导；空二从句中不缺少句子，因此用关系副词where来引导，where在从句中作状语。

3．I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend,….(reading p2)我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，…
句中 as是连词，意为“如同……那样，像……一样”，引导一个方式状语从句。
Please do it as I do. 请照我的样子做这件事。
Leave it as it is .请保持原状，不要动它。

4. …I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (reading P2) ……
so… that…如此……以至于…（状语从句）
用法拓展： （1）so +adj./adv.+ that ; so +adj. a(n) +n.+ that
(2) such +adj. +n.(pl.或〖U〗+ that ; such +a(n) +adj. +n. +that
(3) so /such … as 如此……(定语从句)
he is such an honest boy that we all like him.=he is so honest a boy that we all like him.=he is so honest a boy as we all like.
Mary is ________ clever _______ she understands everything.
A. such a ; that B. such an ; that C. so ; that D. so ; as
(C)

5. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (reading p2)
(1)well= quite, much thoroughly非常，彻底，完全
(2)句式一：I can well remember that…(宾语从句)
句式二：there was a time when…（when为关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰前面先行词a time）
★(3)could never have done 结构表示“对过去情况的否定推测”，其否定副词never也可根据情况用not, hardly等此替换。
用法拓展：“情态动词 + have done”小结
（1） must have done 对过去发生事情的肯定推测。“一定……“
（2） could have done 过去可能做却未做。“本来可以做……”
（3） might / may have done 过去可能做了某事（可能性小）。“可能已经……”
（4） would have done 过去愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做……”
（5） shouldn’t oughtn’t to +have done 本来不该做却做了。
（6） should / ought to have done 应该做某事却没做。
（7） can’t / couldn’t have done 对过去发生事情的否定推测。“一定没有……”
（8） needn’t have done 过去没有必要做却做了。
I met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he __________ your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
(A. 根据意思，他那时不可能去听讲座。此句式对过去的否定推测，用 couldn’t have done)
-------I didn’t go to see our former teacher while in Wuhan.
-------But I think you _________.
A. should B. should have C. could have D. must
(B, 根据上下句意表责备，因此用should have done 结构。注意此处 have 不能省，是对过去的虚拟)

6．…it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face ….(reading p2)这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚….
句式：it / this / that +is(was) +the first /the second /….time that …“某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。注意从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时或过去完成时。Is与has /have 对应；was 与 had done对应。
It is the second time that john has held an art exhibition.
It was the third time that she had come to this mountain village to see the children.
------- do you know our town at all
------- no, this is the first time I ________ here.
A. had come B. am coming C. came D. have come
(D)



period 2 learning about language
词汇
1．Suffer vt./ vi. 遭受；忍受； 经历
the factory suffered a great loss in the fire.
用法拓展：suffer from 遭受
（1） suffer from floods遭受水灾
（2） she often suffers from headaches.她经常头痛。
Be careful or our work will ________ .
A. fail B. suffer C. fall D. lose
(B. suffer 在这里做vi.意为“受损失”)
he ________ terribly all through his illness.
A. suffer B. is suffered C. suffered D. suffering
(C, 根据意思“他得病期间遭受了很多痛苦”。时态应用一般过去时，另外当suffer 作“受痛苦，患病”讲时，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。)

句型及重难点句详解
★1．She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place .(learning about language p4)
句中it 做形式宾语，代替后面的不定式to settle and calm down in the hiding place.
用法拓展：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。
I found it very interesting to study English.
I think it no use arguing with him.
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
注意：it 用在一些不能带宾语从句的动词后作形式宾语。
I hate it that he often takes my bike without asking me.
I don’t think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
(D)
I like _____ when the weather is warm and sunshine.
A. it B. that C. this D. one
(A, 有一些动词如：hate / like / enjoy / dislike / appreciate 等词的后面， 不能直接跟宾语从句，而要加上形式宾语it.)

★2. Mum asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on. (learning about language p5)
“with + 宾语 +宾语补足语（OC）”的结构称为with 的复合结构。
这种结构在句中可作定语和状语，表示方式、原因、 条件等。
With +O +adj.
With +O +adv.
With +O + 介词短语
With + O +不定式
With + O + 分词（过去分词 done 或现在分词 doing ）
注意：如果宾补是动词，表示主动和进行的动作，用现在分词doing； 表示主动和将来的动作，用动词不定式to do； 表示被动和完成了的动作，用过去分词done.。
Tom always sleeps with his eyes open. （形容词作OC）
The boy ran out with nothing on. （副词作OC）
Do you know the woman with a child in her arms （介词短语作OC）
▲With so much work to do, I can’t go with you.（不定式作OC）
▲the room with a candle burning is mine. （现在分词作 OC）
▲they came to a shop with its door closed. （过去分词作OC）
we’ll certainly win great victory, with the Party _________ us.
A. lead B. to lead C. to have led D. led
(B. 考查 with的复合结构。“有党领导着我们”， 表主动和将来，用不定式作宾补。
He wore a shirt with the neck ________ , ________ his bare chest.
A. opened; showing B. opening; showed C. open; showing D. open; showed
(C, 空一open 为形容词作宾补；空二show后面带着宾语，因此用现在分词作伴随状语)



period 3 using language
词汇
1．Advice n. 忠告；建议
can you give us some advice on how to learn English
用法拓展：（1）a piece of advice 一条建议 ； some advice 一些建议
提醒：advice 为不可数名词，其前可用some, much, a piece of, pieces of 等修饰，如表示“一条建议”或“几条建议”不能说成 an advice / several advices而应说成a piece of advice; several pieces of advice.
（2）give sb. some advice on ( how to do) sth.给某人提关于……建议
（3） ask sb. for advice 征求某人的意见
（4） take/ follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议
（5） advise doing sth.// advise sb. to do sth. // ▲advise (sb.) that （should do） 建议做某事/建议某人做某事/建议（某人）
（6） advise sb. against doing 建议某人不要做某事
father went to his doctor for _______ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. some advices

2. communicate vi. 交际；沟通； 传达 （感情、信息等）
I’m not very good at communicating with people.
用法拓展：communication n. 交际
communicate with sb. 与某人交际，交流 communicate sth. to sb. 将某事通知某人

3．Habit n.习惯；习性
it is a good habit for you to keep a diary.
用法拓展：（1）be in / fall into / get into / form the habit of doing sth.有/养成……习惯
（2）get out of / get rid of / kick /break away the habit of doing sth.戒掉……习惯


短语
1． Get along /on well with sb./ sth.与……相处很好
our English teacher gets along well our students.
2. fall in love with sb. 爱上某人（表动作）；be in love with sb.与某人相爱（表状态）可与一段时间连用。
▲3.pay attention to (doing ) sth. 注意某事
you should pay attention to your pronunciation.
用法拓展：此短语to 为介词，后面跟名词v.-ing形式。
类似的还有：look forward to ( 盼望)； lead to (导致，通向) ； stick to (坚持)；belong to (属于)； object to ( 反对) ； get down to （开始，着手）；devote to (献身于， 致力于)


词语辨析
1．Join / join (sb.) in / take part in / attend
join参加某个组织，使其成为其中的一员。一般跟army, the league, the party, club, sb.作宾语；
join (sb.) in sth.参加活动；
take part in 参加某个活动，并在其中起积极的作用，一般等于join in;
attend 参加某个活动，但不在其中起作用，担任角色，后面跟meeting, wedding, lecture, class school等作宾语。
填空
（1） we are glad to _______ all the activities.
（2） Mike _____ Lily’s wedding.
（3） Will you please ________ us ________ the discussion
（4） He ________ the army three years ago.
(join in /take part in; attended 参加会议，婚礼等；join in ,join sb. in 和某人一起于……; joined 参军、入团、入党、加入俱乐部或某个人)


句型及重难点句详解
1. I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.(using language. P6)
词组：have some / a lot of trouble with sb./ sth.意思为“同某人闹意见/矛盾；做 …….有困难。”
Trouble 在这里是不可数名词。
Do you have any trouble with your English study
用法拓展：（1）be in trouble处于困境中
（2）get (sb.) into trouble 陷入困境
（3）have trouble in sth. / in doing sth.在……./ 在做某事方面有困难

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