语法讲义：直接引语和间接引语
One day, there was a party held by the king in the palace. Pierre and Mathilde were invited. At the palace ball, Pierre said to Mathilde: “You are beautiful.” He added: “You are more beautiful with you necklace. May I dance with you?” When they finished dancing at the palace ball, Pierre asked Mathilde: “Are you pleased?” “Of course I am.” Mathilde answered. After talking with others for a while, Mathilde screamed: “Oh, my God. Where is my necklace?” Other guests suggested her that she should ask the guard for help. The guards asked Mathilde; “Where did you lose it?” Mathilde answered: “I am sorry I can’t remember.” Then the guards asked to wait. The next day Mathilde returned to the palace trying to recover her lost necklace. The guards at the gate said to her: “Don’t be anxious. We have some clues.” And luckily, her necklace was found.
Summary:
引语的概念
1. 直接引语是 ___________;直接引语通常都用____________括起来
2. 间接引语是_____________。在多数情况下都构成一个 ___________。
各种句型的变化
直接引语是_________,变为间接引语时用连词______引导______.从句中的_____,____, ___, ____ ,______、____等相应变化.
Ex:1.Mr.Black said, “I’m busy.” ---( ____________________
2.“I’ll go to your farm tomorrow,” he said to her. -( ____________________
当直接引语是______时,变为间接引语时,用连词____或______连接。主句中的谓语动词是______时，要改为_______。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语(me, him或us等)。要把疑问句语序改为____________（____在_____前），句末用______，从句中的_____,____, ___, ____ ,______、____等相应变化.
Ex: 1. She asked me,” Do you agree with me?” ( ____________________
2.Anne asked her mother, “Is there any delicious food to eat?” ( ___________________
当直接引语是__________时,变为间接引语时,仍用_________作连词来引导。变间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为__________（_____在_____前），句末用_____，从句中的_____,____, ___, ____ ,______、____等相应变化.
Ex: 1.“ What are you going to do?” he asked. ( ____________________
2.“How do you go to school every day?” asked Mr. Zhang. ( ____________________
直接引语是________，变成间接引语，把_______变成_______，并在前面加tell, ask, order , advise等动词的_______。
Ex:: 1.Mom said,“ Don‘t chat with strangers．” ( ____________________
2.“ Go shopping with me, please?” said Mr. Wang . ( ____________________
注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.
Discovered by yourselves
She said, “I like singing now. ” She said she liked singing then.
She said, “I am waiting for a bus here.” She said she was waiting for a bus there.
She said, “I read this book Europe last year.” She said she had read that book the year before.
She said, “I have never met an American.” She said she had never met an American.
She said, “I will see you next week.” She said she would see me the next week.
时态的变化
6．人称的变化
She said,“ I like Tennis.” ( She said that she liked tennis.
He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.” (He told Lily that she must get up early.
She said to me ,“ They want to help him.” (She told me that they wanted to help him.
7．其他的变化
Homework: What did he want to know?
Well hello! Welcome! Did you have a good trip? When did you arrive? Have you had lunch yet? Did you have any trouble finding my house? Why did you not phone me earlier? How long are you going to stay? Will you be able to stay till the weekend? Do you mind sleeping on the sofa?
Please continue the following notes .
… He welcomed me and wondered if I had a good trip. Then he asked _____________________.
. He wanted to know If ____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
课件35张PPT。Grammar
Unit 1 Friendship, Module 1
Your grandpa said that
those shoes were too big for him.
Direct Speech and Reported Speech引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫 ____________;直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _________。间接引语直接引语通常都用____________括起来， 引号“ ” 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 ________。宾语从句He said to her: “You are beautiful. ”If we report his statement, we say… …He told her that she was beautiful.At the palace ball, Pierre said to Mathilde… …ReportedDirect:He told herHe said to her“Youarebeautiful.”thatshe wasbeautiful.Cited verbsaidConjunction:use (that )in statement sentences.Pronoun:youTense:move one step back into the past word order:no inversion told→→she are→ was主谓SUMMARY 直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语、动词等相应变化.解题步骤:“I don’t like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.Sandy said to her friendsthat didn’tsheSandy said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.Tom said, “I am a good student. ”
John said, “I like reading books.”
Jim said to Ann, “I don’t like computers.”
Tom said (that) a good student.John said (that) he liked reading books.Jim said to Ann that he didn’t like computers.iswasheAre you pleased? If we report his question, we say… …He asked her if she was pleased.At the palace ball, Pierre asked Mathilde… …ReportedDirect:He asked herHe said to her“Areyoupleased?”if
/ whethershe waspleased.Cited verbsaidConjunction:use (whtether/if )in statement
sentences.Pronoun:youTense:move one step back into the past word order:陈述句语序asked→→she are→ was主谓SUMMARY ＊ 当直接引语是一般疑问句时,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语(me,him或us等)。
＊ 直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（主语在谓语前），句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。
2.一般疑问句:
Is it easy to work out the problem?
( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to work out the problem.it is easy to work out the problem.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.“Are wild animals protected in that forest?” said he.
“Do you like collecting stamps?” he asked me.
“Will she continue to work next year?” said I.
He asked if wild animals were protected in that forest.He asked me if I liked collecting stamps.I asked if she would continue to work the next year.At the palace gate, the guards asked Mathilde… …Where did you lose it?If we report his question, we say… …He asked her where
she had lost it.Direct:He said to her“Wheredidyouit?”Reported:He asked herwhereshehad lost it.loseCited verbsaidConjunction:use wh-word in wh-questions.Pronoun:youTense:move one step back into the past word order:陈述句语序 asked→→she did lose→ had lost主谓SUMMARY
＊ 当直接引语是特殊疑问句时,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。 ＊ 直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（主语在谓语前），句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。
3.特殊疑问句：
When do you harvest the wheat ?
( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.“Who does the house belong to?” asked the man.
“What do you find hardest in English?” he asked her.
“When did the American Civil War break out?” said I.The man asked who the house belonged to.He asked her what she found hardest in English.I asked when the American Civil War
had broken out.Mathilde returned to the palace trying to recover her lost
necklace. The guards at the gate said to her…He told you not to be anxious.What did you say?The GuardMathildeThe ReporterDon’t be anxious.The guards at the gate said to her…“Don’t be anxious.”He told you not to be anxious.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，
把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在
动词不定前加tell, ask, order , advise
等动词的宾语。
直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order , advise等动词的宾语。
注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.SUMMARY4.祈使句
Little boy, put on your coat.
(They ordered )They ordered Little boy Little boy, put on your coat. put on your coat.to put They ordered the little boy to put on his coat.his “Don’t smoke in the room,” she said to Jack.
The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”
“Don’t be late again,” she said to the student.
She asked Jack not to smoke in the room .The mother asked Tom to get up early.She asked the student not to be late again.Now work in pairs. Use material
What changes do we have to make to
form Direct Speech into Indirect Speech
and the other way round?Discover by yourself!直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时一般过去时 过去完成时现在完成时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时直
接
引
语
时态的变化间
接
引
语She asked, “Have you seen the film?”
He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?”
She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”
He asked them, “Who gave you a talk ?”
She asked me if I had seen the film.He asked John if he was a doctor.She asked us where we were going to get off.
He asked them who had given them a talk人称的变化一
随
主二随宾第三
人称
不变
引号内的第一人
称变间引后与主
句主语的人称保
持一致引号内的第二人
称变间引后与主
句宾语的人称保
持一致引号内的第三人
称在变间引后人
称不变She said,“ I like
Tennis.”She said that she
liked tennis.He said to Lily,
“ you must get
up early.”He told Lily that
she must get up
early.She said to me ,
“ They want to
help him.”She told me that
they wanted to
help him.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新Direct speech Indirect speech
this
these
now
today
yesterday
three days ago
last night
tonight
tomorrow
next week
here
come
bring指示代词时间状语地点状语动词that
those
then
that day
the day before
three days before
the night before
that night
the next/ following day
the next/following week
there
go
takeI am the king of the whole world.What does the lion say?Exercises :
1). Betty says to Harry," I want to borrow your book.” 2).My teacher said , “she is a good student.”Betty says to Harry (that) she wants to
borrow his Book. My teacher said that she was a good student.
3) She asked me,” Do you agree with me?”4) Anne asked her mother, “Is there any
delicious food to eat?”She asked me if I agreed with her.Anne asked her mother if there was any
delicious food to eat.5) “ What are you going to do?” he asked. 6）“How do you go to school every day?” asked Mr. Zhang.He asked me what I was going to do.Mr. Zhang asked how I went to school
everyday.7). Mom said,“ Don‘t chat with strangers．”8). “ Go shopping with me, please?” said Mr. Wang .Mom told me not to chat with strangers.Mr. Wang asked me to go shopping with
him.1. Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text. ______________ not inside a building
_________ feeling disturbed
_____________________to be worried about
____________free, not tied up
_______________ to experience something
__________ to take no notice of
_____________ staying close to and looking at somebody
__________ to become quiet after nervous activity
_______________ piece of material hung to cover a window
____________ number of things that happen one after anotheroutdoorsgo throughlooseupsetignoreface to face be concerned about calm downcurtainseries2. Answer keys for Ex. 2 on page 4: Anne’s sister, Margot, was very ______ that the family had to move. However, she knew that she had to _________all the difficulties with her family. She found it difficult to settle and ___________ in the hiding place, because she was _________ whether they would be discovered. She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. What she really missed was going _______ walking the dog for her neighbour. It was such fun to watch it run ___ ___in the park. She wished she could tell her neighbour_________ that she was sorry not to be able to do it any longer, but she knew that was too dangerous.upset go throughoutdoorshide awaylooselyface to face concerned about
