Unit 1 Getting along with others 重点单词详解

教师版 模块5 Unit 1 Getting along with others
1. betray: (vt.) 出卖, 背叛, 泄露(秘密), 无意识地暴露betray…to…
* betray one's country 背叛祖国 * betray their cause不忠实于他们的事业
* He betrayed his friend to the enemy. * betray a secret/news to sb. 泄露秘密
* betray one’s promise 违背诺言
* The expression on her face betrays her anger/nervousness.
= The expression on her face betrays that she is angry/nervous. 暴露出
betrayal (n.) [U]& [C]出卖, 辜负, 暴露
* an act of betrayal * a betrayal of trust
betrayer: (n.) 叛徒, 背叛者
2. primary: (adj.)初级的, 第一位的, 主要的,,原来的
primary school 小学 ( <美>elementary school )
primary training 初步训练
A primary cause of Tom’s failure is his laziness. 首要的
a primary information source 第一手的材料来源
* The primary meaning of this word isn’t used now but you can look it up in a big dictionary. 原来的
3. academic (adj.) 学术的, 学院的, 理论的,学习良好的
* The academic year usually starts in September and ends in July.
* a student's academic aptitude一个学生的学术能力
* What car to buy is a purely academic question to me, because I can’t afford one at all. 对我而言,买什么车纯属空谈, 因为我根本没钱买车.
academy: (n.) 学术团体, 学院,学术机构, (高等)专科院校, 研究院, 学会
* The Royal Academy of Arts 皇家艺术学院
* an academy of music 音乐学院 a naval/ military academy 海军/军事学院
Academy Award <美>奥斯卡奖 (美国电影艺术金像奖)
(Academy of motion picture Arts and Sciences) “电影艺术与科学学院奖”，
Please welcome Academy Award winner, Nicole Kidman! 请欢迎奥斯卡奖得主妮可尔 基德曼！
4. score:
(1) (vt.&vi.) 得分, 进球; (vi.) 记分;
score the lowest mark * Our team scored 3 points in the first half. 我们队在前半场得了3分.
*She always scores well in the English test. 得高分.
Did he score in the game 得分 score draw平局
* Will you score for us 你为我们记分好吗 keep score 记录得分
(2) (n.) 得分
The score in the final was 4:3.
* We won by a score of 2:0.
He got a score of 98 in this English exam. make a perfect score in the maths test. 得满分
(3) (n.) 二十 (前面有具体数字时不加s)
two score of people 四十人 three score years and ten 七十年
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. 许多人
I’ve been to the Great Wall scores of times. 好多次
5. overlook (vt.) 忽略,忽视; 俯瞰,远眺; 宽容,饶恕
* I overlooked this mistake in your paper the first time I read it. 没有看出这个错误.
* I overlooked the dangers involved when I planned this trip. 忽略
* He decided to overlook her mistake.他决定原谅她的错误.
* My room overlooks the sea. 从我的房间可以俯视大海.
* The castle overlooks the city. 这座城堡俯瞰全市.
* I will overlook your late arrival because it is the first time.我可以宽容你的迟到
6. admit: (v.) –tt-
(1) 承认 admit sth. to sb. ;
admit doing sth.;
admit that 从句;
admit+宾语+宾补(to be+adj.)
No organization has admitted responsibility for the bombing.
* He admitted his guilt to the police. 他向警方认罪.
* I admit my mistake / that I was wrong.
* admit (to) robbery承认抢劫 * admit to (the age of) thirty-five承认35岁了
* George would never admit (to) being (be) wrong.
* They admitted having stolen (steal) the car.
* He admitted to Emily that he had been (be)rude and he was sorry.
* admit sb. to be mad确认某人已疯狂 You must admit the task to be difficult.
(2) 容许, 接纳, 允许进入 admit… to/into…
* This ticket admits two persons. 这张票允许两个人入场.
* admit sb. to membership 接纳某人为会员.
* Smith was admitted into this club as an ordinary member. 普通会员.
* They admitted me to their secret. 他们让我参与他们的秘密.
* This hall admits 2,000 people. 这个大厅可容纳2000人.
admission : (n.) 承认, 许可,入会费,
The admission of guilt is hard. 承认有罪是很难的。
Children under 6 are not permitted admission. 6岁以下儿童谢绝入内。
He gained admission into this university.他获准进入这所大学。
When did you get the admission form 你是什么时候得到通知书？
The admission fee is 20 cents each. 入场费是每张券二十美分。
7. deliberately: (adv.) 故意地,有意地,刻意地
→近义短语: on purpose 有意地;有目的地
* She broke my bicycle lamp deliberately. 她故意砸坏了我的自行车灯.
* He deliberately made trouble for me. 他故意找我麻烦.
She stayed up deliberately to have a look of the bright moon. 刻意地
Excuse me, I didn't do it/ offend you on purpose.对不起，我不是故意这么做的/故意冒犯你。
I am coming to visit you on purpose. 我是专程来看你的。
deliberate: (adj.)故意的, 预有准备的;深思熟虑的,
* That car crash wasn’t an accident--- it was an deliberate attempt to kill him!
I can’t stand her deliberate lie. 我不能容忍她故意的谎言.
* a deliberate decision 一个深思熟虑的决定
* moved at a deliberate pace以小心谨慎的步伐移动
* He stood up in a very deliberate way and left the room. 他以一种从容不迫的方式起身离开了房间.
8. swear: (swore, sworn) 宣誓, 发誓 ; 咒骂
(1) swear sth. to sb. / swear to do;
* He swore his oath (誓言)of allegiance(忠诚) to the queen.他发誓效忠于王后.
* He swore to speak the truth.=He swore that his story was true.
* swear a person to secrecy 使某人发誓保密 swear on one’s honour that…
* All the witnesses have been sworn.所有的证人都作了法庭宣誓
(2)swear by 以…起誓;对…确定/深信
* He swore by all the angels and saints of heaven.
I think she said she was going to the library, but I couldn’t swear by it. 确定
He swears by his personal physician. 深信
(3) swear at sb. 咒骂
The boss is always swearing at the workers. 咒骂
9. focus: (v.) 聚焦, 注视, 使集中于一点
(n.) (兴趣活动等的)中心, 焦点, 焦距, [医]病灶, [地](地震的)震源
focus on sth.
focus sth. on sb.
focus sb’s mind/attention on (doing) sth.
* I’m so tired that I can’t focus on anything today. focus the camera. 调焦距
* You should focus your mind on work and study.
* All eyes were focused on the speaker.
* They focused all their attention on finding a solution to the problem.
It was the focus of attention at the meeting. 关注的焦点
10. mean: (adj.) 低劣的, 卑鄙的, 吝啬的, 刻薄的, 简陋的, 惭愧的, 不舒服的
mean: (v. meant, meant)
mean to do 打算做mean doing意味着
be meant for sth. be meant to do 为…打算/设计
mean well/ill to sb. 对某人坏好意/恶意
mean much/ a great deal to sb. 对某人很重要
* a mean motive 卑鄙的动机
* He’s so mean that he didn’t get his son a birthday present. 他是如此小气,以致于不给自己儿子买生日礼物.
*Don’t be so mean to your little sister. 别对你的小妹妹那么刻薄!
* The meanest storm in years.这些天来最讨厌的暴风雨
In this poem, the budding flower means youth. 在这首诗中，含苞待放的花朵象征着青春
She means well, despite her blunders. 她用意是好的，尽管她因为无知犯的大错误（vi.）
She meant/means so much to me. 她对我来说那么重要
I meant to go running this morning, but I overslept.我今天早晨本打算去跑步，但是我睡过头了
To some extent, to raise wages means increasing the purchasing power. 在一定程度上,提高工资意味着增加购买力.
a book (that is ) meant for primary school students 意图给小学生看的书
a student who is meant to be a scientist 一名注定要成为科学家的学生
11. guilty: (adj.) 犯罪的, 有罪的, 内疚的,心虚的be guilty of
be guilty of cheating/murder犯诈骗/谋杀罪 a guilty look on his face.
We’ve all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives.我们每个人一生中都有过自私自利的过失.
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. 我因为没有常去看望父母而感到内疚.
guilt: ( n.)罪行, 内疚
* Guilt was all written on her face.
* a feeling of guilt 内疚感,负罪感 The admission of guilt is hard.承认有罪是很难的。
12. blame (vt.) 责备, 谴责,归咎于
(n.) 过失, 责备
sb. be to blame for sth.某人该为…而受责备
Either he or I am to blame.不是他就是我该受责备。
Neither you nor he is to blame.你和他都不该受责备。
He's more to blame than Mary.他比玛丽更该受到谴责。
I, rather than he, am to blame.该受责备的是我，而不是他。
The driver was not to blame for the accident.这次事故怪不着司机。
blame sth. on sb. / blame sb. for sth. 把…怪罪到某人身上
You shouldn’t blame your failure on your teachers.
You shouldn’t blame your teacher for your failure.
Where does the blame for our failure lie =Who or what is responsible
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on sb. 把责任怪到某人身上
You’re not to blame, I can’t put the blame on you
Everyone put/laid/threw/placed blame on me.
take/bear/accept the blame for sth. 为…承担责任
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
take the blame for sb. 代人受过
I'll take the blame for him.我会代他受过。
13. doubt: 怀疑,疑虑,不能肯定
(一) vt. +n./pron./从句
肯定句doubt whether/if…;
否定句don’t doubt that…
疑问句Can you doubt that…
He doubts everything. No one can doubt what he says.
I doubt if / whether he is ill.
I doubt very much whether he is coming or not.
I don’t doubt that he is honest. I do not doubt that it is true.
Can you doubt that he will win
(二) n. +of/about+n.或whether/if/that从句
He has doubts about the place.
We have no doubt of his honesty(诚实).
No one has any doubts about his ability(能力).
The incident raised doubts about the safety of nuclear power station.
He expressed doubts about the existence of God.
There were growing doubts about the victory statement.
There is some doubt(as to/about) whether he will come on time.
There is no doubt that we will be successful.
There is little doubt that he will come on time.
I have no doubt that what he said is right.
in doubt 怀疑,犹疑, 不肯定
The result of the election remained/was in doubt until the next morning.
I was in doubt about what to do.
beyond (all )doubt 毫无疑问
It is beyond all doubt one of the most extraordinary books that have ever produced.
He is right, beyond doubt.
The truth of the story is beyond doubt.
without (a) doubt 毫无疑问,一定地
Without (a) doubt you have been working very hard.
Don’t worry; he’ll come back without doubt.
14. delay: (vi.&vt.&n.) 耽搁,延迟
Don’t delay! Book your holiday today! O.K., but don't delay too long.
She delayed (for) two hours and missed the train. How long will the flight delay Sorry! I have again delayed in answering your letter. 耽搁
We shall delay our journey until the weather improves.
They delayed the meeting again and again.
I was delayed by the traffic. I will not delay your time.我不耽误你时间了。
Why have they delayed opening the school
without delay Please do it without delay. 请马上行动.
After much delay, he finished his paper at last.拖了那么久，他终于完成了论文。
We apologize for the delay in answering your letter.
15. identity (n.) who someone is /what something is身份, 一致, 同一性
ID身份 : show one’s identity card. 出示身份证。
The identity of the murdered man has not yet been established.那名被害人的身份尚未确定。
The identity of the killer is still a complete mystery.凶手的身分仍全然不知.
He wanted his identity kept dark. 他希望对自己的身份保密。
We reach an identity of views. 一致性
identify: (v.) 识别,鉴定; 把...和…看成一样identify sth. with.
Can you identify your umbrella among this lot 你能在这些伞中认出你自己的伞吗？
She identified that the man was her attacker. 她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。
Bank teller: Can you identify yourself 银行出纳：你能证明你自己吗？
Do you identify beauty with wisdom 你认为美貌与智慧能等同吗
One can not identify happiness with wealth.幸福和财富不能混为一谈。
I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film.我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。
identification : (n.) 辨认, 鉴定(过程), 证明, 视为同一
The identification of the accident victims took some time.
identification parade : 排队辨认嫌疑犯
16. anxious : (adj.) 焦急的, 焦虑的,渴望的
be anxious about/for sb./sth.为…忧虑/担心
We are anxious about/for his safety/health. I am anxious about my future.
I was anxious about the children when they didn't come back home from school.
be anxious for sth. 渴望得到be eager for sth.
be anxious for sth. 渴望得到be eager for sth.
The civil servant is anxious for promotion. We are really anxious for peace. 渴望和平。
He was not anxious for fame.他不想急于成名。
be anxious to do
He is anxious to enter for the competition. 他急于参赛.
George was anxious to get/return home.乔治急于回家。
They were anxious that aid should be sent promptly.
anxiety: (n.) 焦虑,挂念,担心,渴望,热望; 令人担忧的人或事
The doctor's report removed all their anxieties. 消除忧虑。
She laughed to cover her anxiety.她试图以笑来掩饰焦虑。
Her son was an anxiety to her. 她儿子是她的一个忧虑.
17. suffer:
(1.) (vi.) 受苦, 遭受折磨,患疾病(缺陷) feel pain, discomfort, sorrow
suffer from (doing) sth.
Do you suffer from headaches 你常头疼吗？What illness is he suffering from
Sometimes I suffer from toothaches. 有时我遭受牙疼之苦。
She is suffering from loss of memory.
He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger/ measles (麻疹)/ stomach-aches/cold feet.
One’s health suffers from overwork. I suffer most from lack of rest.
The parents suffered a lot from losing their child. 饱受失去孩子的痛苦.
He suffers terribly with his feet. (= He is pained by his feet.)
(2.) (vi.) 变坏,变糟 become worse, lose quality
Your study will suffer if you play too much football.
Her business suffered when she is ill.
(3) (vt.) 经历或遭受不愉快之事 experience or undergo sth. unpleasant
suffer defeat/losses/ pain /torture(折磨) /set-back(挫折)
The enemy suffered a sharp defeat and enormous losses.
We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. We suffered a set-back.
18. free : (adj.)自由的, 大方的, 免费的, 免税的, 丰富的, 空闲的
(vt.)释放, 使自由
(adv.)自由地, 免费
(一) (adj.)自由的, 大方的, 免费的, 免税的, 丰富的, 空闲的
Admission was free. 免费入场 We received a free ticket to the show.
Children in this village enjoy free medical care. 免费的
You are free to go or to stay. 你可以走，也可以留下。随心所欲的/自由的
I'll be free all day tomorrow. 明天我一整天都有空。 空闲的 in one’s spare/free time
The bathroom is free now. 没被使用的 Is that seat free 没有人坐的
free of charge/cost 免费
He offered to supply him with another clock free of charge.
Such tickets were issued to certain officials entirely free of charge.
Application is free of charge.申请费用全免。
for free【非正式, 美口语】without charge免费的 get sth. for free
I got this ticket for free from sb. who didn’t want it.
They got a great lunch, for free. 他们不花钱,中午美餐了一顿.
We do it for free. 我们干那活不收任何报酬.
set…free释放,使自由
He opened the cage door, and set the birds free.
(二) (v.) 释放, 使自由, 清除
free a prisoner/slave
She freed herself from/of worry. 她摆脱忧愁 free sb. of guilt 证明/宣布某人无罪
(三)(adv.)自由地, 免费地
You may have the matches free. 火柴免费奉送。Children under five usually travel free on trains.
The dogs ran free around the farm. 自由地
19. line (n.) 绳, 索, 线路, 航线, 职业，特长;诗句,台词
(vt.) 排成一行, 顺...排列, 划线于, 使有线条, 使起皱纹
(vi.) 排队
(一)(n.) 绳, 索, 线路, 航线, 诗句
Hang the clothes on the line. 把衣服晾在绳子上。
I hear your voice on the line. 我可以在电话里听见你的声音。
A: Why didn’t you telephone me last night B: Yes, I did. But your line was busy. 电话占线。
Tom: Really What's your line 职业
We are quite new in this line. 我们做这行不久.
Excuse me,. Are you in line 对不起。你在排队吗？
STEVEN: Begin with Tony's line. 史蒂文 ：从托尼的台词开始。
read between the lines 从字里行间去理解
You must certainly read between the lines.
write on every other line 一行隔一行写
(二) (vi.) 排队 (vt.) 使…排成一行, 顺...排列, 划线于, 使有线条, 使起皱纹
Listen, everybody! Lineup, facing the front. 排成一行
The teacher lined up the boys in front of his desk. 使…排成一行
20. regardless of : 不顾,不惜,不论 paying no attention to; without regard or consideration
They built the Palace regardless of cost.不惜成本regardless of life regardless of one’s duties
We will go on regardless of past failures.尽管过去我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去.
Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower. The game is continue regardless of rain or sun.
Go your own way regardless of what people say.走自己的路，让别人去说吧。
I will forever remember you, regardless of where I am. 不论我在哪里.
regardless: (adv.) paying no attention to
I must make the decision regardless. 不管怎样我必须做出决定.
There may be difficulties, but I shall carry on regardless. 不管怎样,我都会继续干下去.
We’ll start at dawn, regardless.反正我们一定要赶在拂晓前出发.
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