主谓一致(江苏省苏州市)
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课件11张PPT。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近原则．
1. 语法一致指主语和谓语在人称上一致．
His secretary often answers the phone for him.
2. 意义一致，是指谓语动词的单复取决于主语所表示的
内在涵义．
Maths is one of the basic courses in middle school.
3. 就近一致，是指由连词or, neither…nor, either…or…,
whether….or…, not…but, not only….but also…,或
在there be 句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的
主语在人称和数上保持一致．
There is a book, two notebooks on the desk.
Either he or his sisters are going to Qingdao today.集体名词：people, police, cattle等作主语，谓语动词
一般用复数．
Cattle were seen grazing in the fields.
The police are searching the wood for a robber.2. 有些集体名词表示物体的总称：clothing, jewellery, furniture, machinery等．在句中做主语时，动词用单数形式，但不能和不定冠词连用．
Our clothing protects us from cold.
Jewellery is what she likes most.
3. 有些集体名词，如：family, group, class, army, public, government, team等，作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语章内容而定，如果它们作为一个集体单位时，谓语动词用单数，如就其中的各成员来说，则谓语动词用复数．
His family lives in Beijing.
His family were watching TV when I went in .
The football team are having bath now.
A team that is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.4. 一些由两部分构成的表示服饰，工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式，如:glasses, trousers, shoes, chopsticks, scissors, compasses, stocks, pants, shorts等，当这些词前有a pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词常用单数．The trousers are in the box.
There is a pair of trousers in the box.
There are two pairs of trousers in the box.5. 数词或表示度量，时间，价值等复数名词作主语时可以看成一个整体，动词用单数形式．
One thousand dollars seems a large sum of money.
Five hours is enough for me to do the work.
Fifteen divided by five is three.6. the + 形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式．
The old are taken good care of in our country.
The rich are for the act while the poor are against it.7. 形容词表示抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式．
The beautiful lives forever.
The well(好事) that men do lives after them.8. each ,every, either, neither作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式．
Neither of the answers is correct.
Every cinema he came to was crowded.9. 不定代词none以及由“none/either/neither + of +复数名词／代词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思．
Of his three sons none likes sports.
None of my friends ever come/comes to see me here.10. most,half 等不定代词作主语时，根据意义原则确定谓语动词的单复数形式．
1.Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
2.Half of the students come from the south.11. all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语动词用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语动词用单数．
1. All are happy to hear the news.
2. All is calm, all is bright.12. some, any, no, every与body, one和thing构成复数合代词作主语时，动词常用单数形式．
1. Everything goes well with me.
2. Nobody likes him.13. 由and 或both…and…连接并列主语时，用复数．
1. Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.
2. The red rose and the white rose are beautiful.14. 并列主语如果表示同一个，同一个事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式．
The secretary and principal of the school was
present at the meeting.
2. The writer and poet is my close friend.15. 如果一个句子有两个主语，其中一个是肯定的，另一个是否定的，谓语动词应与肯定的主语相一致．
1. I ,not you, am fit for the job.
2. He, not I ,has received the prize.16. 如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except, besides, including, no less than, rather than, as much as, more than, along with, in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式，如果主语是复数，则谓语动词也用复数．
1. Sunshine, as well as water, is important for plants. 2. Mr Wang, together with his wife and children, is arriving tomorrow.17. more than one 和 many a ＋单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式．
1. More than one pilot was killed in the air raid.
2. Many a man has that kind of opportunity.
18. number 作主语时，如果是a number of 结构，它主 要修饰可数名词复数，所以谓语动词应该用复数．如果是 the number of 结构,则指数量的总和谓语动词用单数．
There are a number of people at the station.
The number of students in this university is 30,000.19. one of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，但如果是
the only/very one of +复数名词,谓语动词用单数．
1. He is the only one of the boys who is going to visit
Japan next month.
2. He is one of those persons who always think they
are right.20. 主语从句常作单数看待，即主句中的谓语动词常用单数形式．
1. Whether he will come here is not known.
2. What you need is nore practice.
由what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词的数根据意义决定，如果主句的表语是单数，主句的谓语当然是单数，反之用复数．如：
1. What my father left me are a few English books.
2. What I want is a new bike.
1. 语法一致指主语和谓语在人称上一致．
His secretary often answers the phone for him.
2. 意义一致，是指谓语动词的单复取决于主语所表示的
内在涵义．
Maths is one of the basic courses in middle school.
3. 就近一致，是指由连词or, neither…nor, either…or…,
whether….or…, not…but, not only….but also…,或
在there be 句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的
主语在人称和数上保持一致．
There is a book, two notebooks on the desk.
Either he or his sisters are going to Qingdao today.集体名词：people, police, cattle等作主语，谓语动词
一般用复数．
Cattle were seen grazing in the fields.
The police are searching the wood for a robber.2. 有些集体名词表示物体的总称：clothing, jewellery, furniture, machinery等．在句中做主语时，动词用单数形式，但不能和不定冠词连用．
Our clothing protects us from cold.
Jewellery is what she likes most.
3. 有些集体名词，如：family, group, class, army, public, government, team等，作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语章内容而定，如果它们作为一个集体单位时，谓语动词用单数，如就其中的各成员来说，则谓语动词用复数．
His family lives in Beijing.
His family were watching TV when I went in .
The football team are having bath now.
A team that is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.4. 一些由两部分构成的表示服饰，工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式，如:glasses, trousers, shoes, chopsticks, scissors, compasses, stocks, pants, shorts等，当这些词前有a pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词常用单数．The trousers are in the box.
There is a pair of trousers in the box.
There are two pairs of trousers in the box.5. 数词或表示度量，时间，价值等复数名词作主语时可以看成一个整体，动词用单数形式．
One thousand dollars seems a large sum of money.
Five hours is enough for me to do the work.
Fifteen divided by five is three.6. the + 形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式．
The old are taken good care of in our country.
The rich are for the act while the poor are against it.7. 形容词表示抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式．
The beautiful lives forever.
The well(好事) that men do lives after them.8. each ,every, either, neither作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式．
Neither of the answers is correct.
Every cinema he came to was crowded.9. 不定代词none以及由“none/either/neither + of +复数名词／代词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思．
Of his three sons none likes sports.
None of my friends ever come/comes to see me here.10. most,half 等不定代词作主语时，根据意义原则确定谓语动词的单复数形式．
1.Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
2.Half of the students come from the south.11. all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语动词用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语动词用单数．
1. All are happy to hear the news.
2. All is calm, all is bright.12. some, any, no, every与body, one和thing构成复数合代词作主语时，动词常用单数形式．
1. Everything goes well with me.
2. Nobody likes him.13. 由and 或both…and…连接并列主语时，用复数．
1. Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.
2. The red rose and the white rose are beautiful.14. 并列主语如果表示同一个，同一个事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式．
The secretary and principal of the school was
present at the meeting.
2. The writer and poet is my close friend.15. 如果一个句子有两个主语，其中一个是肯定的，另一个是否定的，谓语动词应与肯定的主语相一致．
1. I ,not you, am fit for the job.
2. He, not I ,has received the prize.16. 如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except, besides, including, no less than, rather than, as much as, more than, along with, in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式，如果主语是复数，则谓语动词也用复数．
1. Sunshine, as well as water, is important for plants. 2. Mr Wang, together with his wife and children, is arriving tomorrow.17. more than one 和 many a ＋单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式．
1. More than one pilot was killed in the air raid.
2. Many a man has that kind of opportunity.
18. number 作主语时，如果是a number of 结构，它主 要修饰可数名词复数，所以谓语动词应该用复数．如果是 the number of 结构,则指数量的总和谓语动词用单数．
There are a number of people at the station.
The number of students in this university is 30,000.19. one of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，但如果是
the only/very one of +复数名词,谓语动词用单数．
1. He is the only one of the boys who is going to visit
Japan next month.
2. He is one of those persons who always think they
are right.20. 主语从句常作单数看待，即主句中的谓语动词常用单数形式．
1. Whether he will come here is not known.
2. What you need is nore practice.
由what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词的数根据意义决定，如果主句的表语是单数，主句的谓语当然是单数，反之用复数．如：
1. What my father left me are a few English books.
2. What I want is a new bike.