选修模块8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions(浙江省杭州市)

课件69张PPT。Period 1&2 Warming
up and Reading IUnit 3 Inventors and inventionsDo you know what these inventions are and when did they happen?Telephone 1876television 1923 colour television 1940photocopier 1937air conditioner 1902electronic digital computer 1942Atomic bomb 1945Credit cards 1950Penicillin 1928What is an invention?An invention is something that is created by a human being. Warming up-III (2m)Among the inventions mentioned above, what do they have in common?Inventing is a scientific activity. What is a discovery?A discovery merely makes something that already existed in nature known.Which of the following pictures show inventions. Does any of them show discoveries? Pre-reading – I (4m)an amphibious car Stephenson’s “rocket”DNAAn amphibious car(2003)This is the first car that can travel safely on water and on land. When moving on water, the wheels of the car turn sideways and move into the body. The underneath of the car is strong enough to sail as a boat. It is a prototype and is not yet being produced for sale. This is an interesting modern invention.Stephenson’s “Rocket” (1781-1848) George Stephenson was one of the first men to design engines for the railways which were new at that time. One of the first tracks to be laid was between Stockton and Darlington. Stephenson was one of the first railway engineers and in 1825 he drove the first train along the line.The structure of DNAThis was a discovery of Francis Crick and James Watson and published in 1953. These two scientists were the first to show that our genes consist of two spirals of DNA (called the double-helix). This work led directly to the human genome project in 2003, which discovered the Structure of DNA.Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Discuss in pairs , and then put the following stages into a suitable order.1.Applying for a patent 2.Finding a problem 3.Doing research 4.Testing the solution 5.Thinking of a creative solution 6.Deciding on the inventionPre-reading – II (3m)The suitable order:Finding a problemDoing research Thinking of a creative solutionTesting the solutionDeciding on the inventionApplying for a patentPatent office (专利局) plays the role of deciding what is an invention and what is not. And only inventions can get patens and so be recognized and protected.patentsReading
The problem of the snakesSkim the whole passage and get the main idea:The text narrates _____________________ and presents _____________________
and applying for __________.the problem of the snakes the procedures of catching them a patentReading-I(3m)Divide the text into four parts and work out the main idea for each paragraph.Part I
Part II
Part III
Part IV(Para.1)The discovery of the problem of the snakes.(Paras2-3)The research on the approaches to solve the problem.(Para. 4-6)The attempts to catch the snakes.(Para.7-8)The requirement of getting a patent.Reading – II (5m)Scanning: Find out which paragraph or paragraphs deal with each inventing process in the passage and find the examples:removedharmedmethodshabitsthreeone123Reading –III (7m)4,5,67threeefficientlyrecognizedDetailed reading:Answer the following questions:What are the three creative steps that the writer takes to catch the snakes without hurting them?
Why did cooling the snakes make them less active?
What might the advantages be of getting a patent?Reading – IV (5m)What are the three creative steps that the writer takes to catch the snakes without hurting them?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________To put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habitat in the morning.To put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habitat in the evening.To put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habitat in the evening and carry a net to collect the snakes without harming them the next morning.2. Why did cooling the snakes make them less active?The cooling made the snakes less active because they are reptiles and their body temperature depends on the heat around them.You are able to prove that you were the first person to make the invention.
You are recognized as a real inventor.
You can make money if you sell your invention to others.3.What might the advantages be of getting a patent?(The students can have various answers)Discussion:What’s the writing purpose of the writer?
What should we learn from this text?Reading –IV (5m)1. What’s the writing purpose of the writer?The writer wants to inform us of the scientific methods to solve present problems so that we students can not only broaden the horizons but become more skilled in discovering and considering carefully the problems in daily life. We are also encouraged by the writer to be creative and hardworking as well as thinking independently.2.What should we learn from this text?We can learn from the text the way of doing scientific researches and how to apply for a patent. We can also learn that it takes an inventor great determination persistence to achieve his or her ambition and persistence to achieve his or her ambition in life. go through
(1) 经历
Most families went through a lot in the war.1. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved?(2) 通过, 成功, 成交
The plan did not go through.
(3) 审阅, 检查
I can’t go though the letters in an hour.
(4) 翻找, 查看
Mother went through the drawer for her glasses.(5) 穿过, 通过
A terrible noise went through the house.
read through 通读
look through 浏览
flow through 流过
get through 通过, 接通,使….成功
search through 搜寻, 查找Para 1. When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone, she was very upset.call up 打电话，使…回忆起今晚我会给你打电话。__________________________I’ll call you up tonight.老相片引起了我对童年的回忆。
_____________________________The old photo calls up memories of my childhood.call back
call for
call in
call on
call at召唤某人回来；再访；回电话
需要，要求，接（人或物）
邀请；请来
拜访（人）
拜访（某地）Ex. ----Can I do the job?
----I’m afraid not, because it ______skill and patience.
calls on B. calls out
C. calls up D. calls forD2. now and then 时而；不时= sometimes, but not often :我偶尔看见他，但不常见。
_______________________________
我有时喜欢去看歌剧。
_____________________________I see him now and then, but not often.I like to go to the opera now and then.from time to time
(every) now and again
from now on
just now
since then相关短语：有时；不时
时而；不时
从现在开始，今后
刚才
从那时以来---Can I do the job?
---I’m afraid not, because it ___ skill and patience.
calls on B. calls out
C. calls up D. calls for
call on
drop in on
pay a visit to
go on a visit to
visit拜访某人+ sb.call at
drop in at
pay a visit to
go on a visit to
visit拜访某地+sp.The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 在there be结构中, be的人称与数应遵循就近一致原则
There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the corner of the house.
There were two chairs and a bucket of water in the corner of the house.there be 强调某处有某物;
have 强调某人有某物指为人所拥有
There is a book on the desk.
I have a book.
seem的归纳总结
1)seem +to be +形容词/名词/介词短语/分词辨析: there be与have Something seemed to be wrong with him.
You seemed to be in a great hurry.
The first memories seemed to be connected with work.2)seem 构成的句式:
It seems that...
It seems as if/ as though...
There seems (to be )….
It seems that everyone was satisfied.
It seems as if you are the first one here.
There seems (to be) no reason for
believing him. seem 表示有某种根据的判断, 这种判断往往接近事实或者符合事实。
appear 从外表或者表面上看来“似乎, 好像”, 有时暗含“事实上并非如此”之意。
look 强调视觉上的印象。
It appears a true story.He looks a perfect fool.
Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____everything. (2001上海)
to tell B. to be told
C. to be telling D. to have been told3. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm them.distinguish vt. & vi.(1)辨别；辨认从远处我能认出他们。
___________________________I can distinguish them at a distance.(2) （常与from, between连用）区别；区分
你能区分那两个物体吗？
________________________________
应当教育孩子分辨好坏。
Children should be taught to __________________Can you distinguish between those two objects?distinguish right from wrong(3) (常与from连用) 使别于；有…特点
语言把人和动物区别开来。
Speech ________________________________
象因为有长鼻子而有别于其他动物。
Elephants _________________ by their long trunks.distinguishes men from animalsare distinguished (4)distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名这个人因智慧而扬名。
The man________________________________.distinguish himself by his wisdombe distinguished from
distinguish …from …
be distinguished by
be distinguished for 不同于…与…加以区别
辨别，把…和…区别开
以…为特征
因…而著称famousdistinction n. 区别, 差异
distinctive adj. 有特色的, 与众不同的
distinct adj. 截然不同的 distinguishable adj. 区别得出的, 辨认得出的Para2: I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way.set about =set out: to begin or start 着手；开始他一到那儿就着手解决问题。
He __________________________ as soon as he arrived there.
= He ________________________ as soon as he arrived there.set about solving the problemset out to solve the problemset out的另一个意思为“动身”， “出发”，后面长跟介词for
他们以出发到上海去了。
_____________________________________.They have set out (= set off ) for Shanghaiset out
set out to do sth.
set off
set aside
set down
set up出发，起程
开始做某事
出发，动身
留出，对…不予考虑
记下，写下
设置，造成，产生Para3: Prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches:---After I had been prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches:---…, which freezes hard when cooled. …,（果冻）被冷却后会变硬。when cooled 为when it is cooled 的省略结构
when/while /once/unless/ if 等连词所引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句主语相一致，且从句中含有系动词be 时，从句中的主语和系动词be可省略，形成“连词+分词” 结构。1._________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
Compare B. when comparing
C. comparing D. When compared
2. _____more time, we are sure to finish it.
A. Given B. Giving C. Be given D. If givingDAPara4: They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.abruptly adv.突然地，唐突地 abrupt adj.突然的；意外的
Ex. 这路有很多急转弯。
The road is full of ________________.
这会议突然结束了。
The meeting came to ______________.
我们的讨论突然给缩短了。
Our discussion was ____________ curtailed.abrupt turnsan abrupt endabruptlyconvenient adj. 便利的，方便的be convenient to sb.
it is convenient for sb.
it is convenient to do sth.对某人方便
对某人方便
做某事方便
三点钟对你方便吗？
________________________________Will 3 o’clock be convenient for you?我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。
I’m afraid this isn’t a ___________________ to see you.convenient momentCome and see me whenever________________.
you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. It is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to youCIf it is quite ______ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortableAPara5:
But once picked up, they tried to bite me.But once they were picked up, they tried to bite me.Para6: But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan.After the snake had been见第一方案 第60页和65页。Para7: Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to be accepted unless they are truly novel. criterionstandardnew and strange adj.noveltyPara8: Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s.以否定词no, not, never, hardly seldom 等开头引导的句子, 句子的主句要部分倒装。
Never can you pass the exam if you don’t devote yourself to your study.
So I have filled in the form and filed my patent application with the Patent Office.I need another file for my letters.
where’s the file of our recent cases?
We have all your particulars on file.
It is time you file an application for patent.夹子，架子， 封皮，箱子档案，宗卷存档，归档送交，提交（以便备案）to trap(of trapping) Snakes came near my mother’s house ___________and my mother wanted to ________them without hurting them. So I set about researching the _____ of snakes to find the easiest way _________________ (trap) them. I decided on three possible approaches. First, ________ their habitat. Second, attracting them into a trap using perfume or food. Third, making them ______ by cooling them. I made up my mind to use the third approach. I tried three times and the third now and then get rid of habits removing sleepy to trap Step 5 summaryattempt was finally successful. _________ (press) by my friends and relations, I sent my invention to the patent office to get recognition for my successful idea. The _______ (criterion )are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to be accepted ______ they are truly novel. ___will you receive a patent until a research has been made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s. PressedCriteriaunlessNorListening and summary1.打电话
2.有时,偶尔
3.摆脱,赶走
4.使自己扬名,显摆自己
5.生物
6.一种新方法
7.着手,开始
8.决定
9.把它们引入陷阱
10.一个制作冰淇淋的器具
11.同时 call up now and then get rid of distinguish oneself living creatures a new approach set about decide on attract them into a trap an ice-cream maker at the same time Task –3：phrases and sentences12.消失在墙壁附近的洞里
13.提起 ,拿起
14.根据
15.温顺的蛇
16.把它们都释放到野外
17.被某人督促
18.专利局
19.填表
20.……的问题
21.这是因为我预料它还
会再咬人。
22.你看看我的银行节余
金额就知道我是否成功了。disappear into a convenient hole in the wall pick up according to the passive snakes release them all back into the wild be pressed by the patent office fill in the form a matter of This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. You will know if I succeed by the size of my blank balance.Match the different writing characteristics with each writing styles:Formal language with few adjectives, not emotional, factualVivid use of words with similes and metaphors, emotional to describe atmosphere, not factual but imaginativeCreative writing/ story
Description
Report
recountReading – V (3m)Vivid use of language and more informal style, imaginative but can be based on factNot use vivid or emotive language and sticks to the facts. It is clearly set out and follows the framework for the inventing processCreative writing/ story
Description
Report
Recount