高考英语听力解题突破
高考听力要求(听力命题的切入点)
1、理解主旨、要义话题中心大意(main idea )
2、获取事实性的具体信息(details)
1)时间、年代、价格等 (when/which year / what price/)
2)地点(where/ at what place)
3)人物(who/ whom/ whose)
4)事件(from beginning to the end/ when, where, what, how and why)
3、对谈话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能做出简单的推断(background / what relationship)
4、理解说话者的意图、观点或态度 (intention, view and attitude)
解题技巧—听前预测
☆根据前后几个问题的题干或选项来预测
听第一段材料，回答下面2道题
1）Why did the speaker get a parking ticket
A. Her car was parked for too long.
B. Her car took up too much space.
C. She left his car in a wrong place.
2) Which of the following words describes the day the speaker had
A. Exciting B. Unlucky C. Tiring
听力原文: What happened to me that day is just unbelievable. The first thing to go wrong was that all the parking places were taken. We had to park on the grass and hoped that we would not get a parking ticket. When I got to the admission office, there was already a long line of students waiting. By the time it was my turn, two of the courses I needed were filled and I had to go back to my adviser and make out a whole new timetable. Although I did sign up for all my courses, I missed lunch. The next thing to go wrong was that the bookstore had sold out one of the textbooks required. As I was leaving, I wondered what else could possibly happen, then I saw a policeman standing beside my car, writing out a ticket.）
听第二段材料，回答下面3道题
Predict and then listen to the tape, and try to get the correct answer.（07广东高考）
1) What does the girl want her father to buy
A. A ruler B. High-tech things C. Pencils and erasers.
2) Which of the following does the father consider buying for his daughter
A. A calculator B. A computer C. An MP3
3) Which of the following could be a reason for her father to buy what she wants
A. She volunteers to use some of her own money.
B. She asks her father to buy a cheap one online.
C. She tells her father she is the best in school.
听力原文：
W: Dad, I need a few supplies for school and I was wondering if. . .
M: Yeah, there are a couple of pencils and an eraser in the kitchen drawer, I think.
W: Dad, I am in 8th grade now and I need real supplies for my demanding classes.
M: Oh, so you need a ruler too.
W: Dad, I need some high-tech things like a calculator, an MP3 and a computer.
M: Aha, I didn't have any of that when I was in middle school and I did just fine.
W: Yeah, and there weren't any cars either, were there
M: Well, we can forget the MP3 whatever, and the computer. And as for the calculator, yeah, I think perhaps you might...
W: Dad, I need a calculator for geometry.
M: OK, how much are these things going to cost me
W: Well, I saw it in the store for only 99 dollars, or you could buy it online. Dad, please, everyone has one, and you always say you want me to be the best in school and I'd contribute 10 dollars of my own.
M: When do you need it
W: Now, right now.
考点各个击破
考点1：听录音判断时间和数字
1）判断时间
命题切入点：half past…, a quarter to/past…, a.m., p.m., …sharp, fortnight…; in the evening
(时间的提前) before, ahead, earlier…;
(时间的推后）later, delay, put off…until…;
2) 判断数字 直接听取或简单计算
命题切入点：
价格、电话号码、街道、门牌号码、航班等。
常出现与数字有关的常用词 (couple, dozen, twice, …times, ...percent, one third…)
高考题示例：
听第三段材料，回答下面1道题
1. At what time does the train to Leeds leave
A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00
听力原文：
W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is
M: Sure, well, it’s three now. The next train to Manchester leaves in two hours. But you can take a train to Leeds, which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester because it stops at Manchester on the way.
听第四段材料，回答下面1道题
2. How many miles does the woman think the man should run in a week
A. 20 miles B.10 miles C. 30 miles
听力原文：
M: I ran ten miles last week.
W: Is that all You should be running twice that much if you want to be ready for the race next month.
考点2：听录音判断地点
命题切入点： 常出现两大类表地点的名词。
国家与城市名。通常直接听取
公共场所、单位名。听取信息词进行判断 如：hospital, hotel, school, restaurant 等
提问对话的进行地点、事件发生地点等。
餐馆（restaurant）food, menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, sandwich, soup, dish, beer, soft drink
宾馆 （hotel）luggage, single room, double room., room number ,reserve, book accommodation
机场（airport) timetable, take off, land, flight, check in
邮局(post office）mail, deliver, stamp, envelope, telegram, postage
高考题示例：
听第五段对话，回答下面1道题
1.What does this conversation most probably take place
A. At an airport B. At a restaurant C. At a hotel
听力原文：
M: Good evening, madam. Are you ready to order
W: Oh, excuse me, I have some problem reading the menu. You know, I am a foreign tourist.
听第六段对话，回答下面1道题
2. Where did this conversation most probably take place
A. In a post office B. In a bookstore C. In a passport office
听力原文：
M : This package must be insured and sent by air mail. Have you got enough money with you
W: Let me see. The postage is about a hundred dollars. I’m afraid not.
考点3：听录音判断人物身份及说话者之间的关系
命题切入点：
判断
对话中一般不会出现选项中的词语，只能由推断得知。
Brainstorming:☆人物关系
doctor—patient
waiter/waitress—customer
secretary—boss
teacher/professor—student
husband —wife
colleagues/workmates, friends, classmates, neighbors
高考题示例：
听第七段对话，回答下面1道题
1. Who is Chris Paine
A. A computer engineer. B. A book seller. C. A writer.
听力原文：
W: I like to read Chris Paine.
M: So do I. I hear he writes on his computer. And his new book will come out next week.
W: Great! I’ve got to get one as soon as it’s out.
听第八段对话，回答下面1道题
2. What are the two speakers talking about
A. A football player. B. A football team. C. A football match.
听力原文：
W: Do you know that Michael Owen has won the France Football’s Golden Ball prize
M: Not a surprise. He had 20 goals this season.
考点4：对所听内容作出推断（特别注意理解说话者的意图、观点和态度）
命题切入点：
对信息进行综合处理
谈论内容之间的关系
根据内容得出什么结论
实战高考模拟题和真题
听第九段对话，回答下面3道题
1. When does the conversation most probably take place
A．In the morning B. In the afternoon C. In the evening
2. What is the man going to do
A. To meet his daughter for lunch. B. To go to a computer company. C. To interview an engineer.
3. What can be concluded from the conversation A. The man recently finished studying.
B. The man likes playing computer games.
C They will arrive in the city at 2 pm.
听第十段对话，回答下面3道题
1. What is the man complaining about
A. Not accepting any gift from his friend.
B. Not receiving any answer from his friend.
C. Not hearing any good news from his friend.
2. According to the woman, when should you write a thank-you card
A. You receive a gift from your friend.
B. You are invited to a birthday party.
C. You spend a holiday with your friend.
3. What’s the speakers’ attitude towards writing thank-you cards
A. They think it out-dated.
B. They think it inconvenient.
C. They think it good to keep the custom.
听力原文：
M: I am feeling unhappy. You know, I gave a good friend a minor gift two weeks ago, and I haven't got any massage received to the gift. I am still waiting to hear from her.
W: Aha, that's probably one of my biggest problems right now. When I was a kid, my parents told me to write a thank-you card that moment. When someone gives you a gift to honour your arrival, your birthday, a holiday or any other occasion, it is best to write them a card, thanking them for the gift.
M: Immediately.
W: Yes, write the card, put it in the mail.
M: That's right.
W: Nobody does it any more and it drives me crazy.
M: It’s … it’s gone out of style, I guess. I think it's very rude.
W: Do you think it's inconvenient or people don't know how to do it Because maybe they weren't raised and talk to write the thank-you card.
M: I think it's a combination of both. People don’t do is as much and.. .
W: That's horrible.
M: Because they didn't learn from their parents.
W: It's absolutely horrible.
M: Yeah.
听力答案：
1.（C）（B） 2.BAA 3. （B）4. （A）5.（B）
6. （A） 7. （C） 8. （A） 9.ABA 10.BAC
英语听力考试的注意事项
听力能力虽然需要经过长期的训练才能提高，但是在各类考试中，如果注意一些问题，对于应试答题还是有利的。
一、平心静气集中精力
考生要善于控制自己的情绪，尤其要排除对听力测试的恐惧或抗拒心理，坦然放松，充分自信，静心聆听。不能因为一个单词或一句话没听清楚而急躁慌乱，影响后面内容的聆听而影响答题。一旦产生了负面的情绪，可以用一些简单的事情帮助克服。例如，可以进行自我心理暗示，告诉自己“这没有什么，我能行”。或者可以把负面情绪当作有形的东西，做一些诸如甩头的小动作，把紧张或排斥心理“甩掉”。
二、快速读题有目的地听
聪明的考生一旦拿到试卷，就应该利用一切可能的时间进行听力测试的快速读题，对将可能听到的信息或考核内容进行预测，并可适当地做一些标记，带着问题听，带着预测去搜索答案，也即有目的地“听”。它使考生由被动转为主动，打一场有准备的仗。对待一切听力考试都行之有效的方法是，抓紧时间先看选项并提炼其中的信息。当录音开始宣读 Directions 时，考生应充分利用这段时间速度选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息：
1. 题目涉及到的人物、地点、场合等，在非主题题型中，可能暴露该题的主题。考生可以通过对全部选项的速读建立起一个大概的场景，如图书馆、医院病房等，从而联想起与该环境有关的词汇，迅速进入状态。
2. 当四个选项是同类短语时，考点就在这一细节。这时，考生应充分集中精力听懂时间数字等与选项对应的细节考点。
3. 尽管四个选项中只有一个正确答案，其余的三个选项设置也并非和题目毫无关系。结合四个选项的共同点，我们往往可以得到大量的提示，有时候甚至可以把答案猜得八九不离十。真正听题的时候，考生可以和录音给出的信息进行比较，轻易排除错误选项，直达正确答案。
三、掌握节奏合理安排时间
录音不等人，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。听力考试每分钟朗读的字数和停顿时间往往有限制，比较稳定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，所以过分的紧张反而没有必要。在听录音时，我们应尽量的听音、记录、理解和记忆同时完成。由于时间短暂，也因为仅凭脑力无法记住长达数分钟的对话或短文内容，考生要适当做些笔记。在记录时不必拘泥于形式，可以用简写、缩写，也可以只写单词的几个开头字母，或做一些只要自己能明白的简单符合记录即可，特别是众多的数字、时间、日期、人名、地名更需要我们做笔记。
四、听懂语调和重音
英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。各类考试的听力录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。重读的每一处都具有提示作用。因而，从录音的表现中能推测人物的心理活动、观点和态度。语调和重音是暴露考点的关键线索，把握了重读部分至少就成功了一半。
提高英语听力的方法
英语听力能力的提高也同语言其他方面的能力存在共性，就是需要大量的训练，但是训练要讲究方法，做到事半功倍。我们提倡从四个方面来提高听力。
一、听力速度训练
听力速度直接关系到听力测试的成败，而且是影响考生测试心理的一个重要因素。测试中因为一道题没跟上而顿时慌乱，接连丢失几题的情况并不罕见。
科学训练听力速度就要循序渐进，即由慢速到快速，逐步提高。这种方法可使初学者逐渐适应有声信息的接受方式，树立起听的信心。但是，人为地将语速放慢，也并不利于听力的提高。而且，如果信息传播的速度过于缓慢，反而会拉长记忆的距离，造成遗忘，久而久之，大脑的反应速度也就变得迟钝了。
一般听力测试的语速是英语本族人讲英语的正常速度。为使大脑尽早适应这种语速，宜从一开始就以这种速度进行训练。初级阶段会出现听完之后大脑中对所听内容没有什么印象的现象，但不必担忧，因为在这种语速的不断“轰击”下，耳朵会逐渐敏锐，从开始只能抓住只言片语到能接受一个完整句子，直至大脑完全适应了这种语速，接下来便是行使其记忆与判断的功能了。
在听力速度训练中要抓住速度这个主要矛盾，采用语法及词汇比较浅显而语速正常的有声材料。
二、听力素质训练
全面提高英语水平是提高听力之本。在训练提高听力的同时，还要注意扎实的基础知识和全面的综合素质的培养。就基础知识而言，非英语国家的人在非英语环境中训练听力，对于从单词的发音开始，到短语、句子的分析，连读、略读的掌握和语法知识的熟练掌握，都非常重要。另外，对于英语国家的风土人情、历史背景、文化渊源要尽可能的了解。就整个学习过程而言，必须要不断的总结，周期性增加自己的知识量，避免出现这一段时间学了，下一段时间又忘了。
三、听力记忆训练
听力考试不仅是考查是否听懂的能力，还是考查学生短时记忆的能力。因此，在平时的训练中要注意提高大脑的记忆能力。要想记住所听的内容就要：
1. 真正用心听，集中精力听那些你想记忆的重要信息。
2. 不要把精力放在个别单词上，一定要注意把握文章的整体。只要抓住了全文的意思，听不清或听不懂个别词也没关系。
3. 听完之后，立即做一做自我测试，检验你能回忆起多少听过的内容。
4. 把你听到的东西向别人复述。
5. 找个朋友一起听。录音结束后，你和他可以谈谈所听的内容，看看你们听到的是否一致。
6. 如果你想隔较长时间再回忆你所听的内容，那么你最好把你所听的要点记录下来。
这里又提到了一个作笔记的问题。听音时作笔记也是帮助我们理解听力材料的一个好方法，它可以提高区分有用信息和无用信息的能力。更重要的一点还在于它能帮我们减轻大脑的负担，完整而准确的把握所听材料的主要内容。
记笔记的方式可因人而异。你可以在选择项旁边尽可能地记下文中所提及的人名、地名、各种数据、事实和理由等你认为重要的信息。好的笔记应该是对所听内容做出的简要提纲，可以用关键词，也可以用短语或句子来表示，关键是要简洁、明白、快捷。
四、听力理解训练
要提高听力，首先应从多听教学听力录音带入手，如所学的课本录音带、口语教材录音带，也可以选听结合或略高于自己水平的有趣材料。对所选的听力材料要区分为精听和泛听两种。无论是精听还是泛听，最好开始都不要看文字材料。精听应先把录音内容从头至尾听一遍，再把听不懂的地方一遍又一遍地反复听。若有些地方实在听不懂，也应尽量听清各个音节，然后翻开书看看，有些影响理解的生词可查一下词典。接着再合上书从头至尾听，直到能够听懂全部内容为止。通过这样的听力训练，可促使自己提高辨音及理解能力。如果读过书面材料听，则往往是自己的默读，这样达不到提高听力的目的，遇到新材料的时候就又会听不懂。
精听最好是选用教学录音和有故事情节的短文或科普短文；泛听则可选用一些口语教材或一些有趣的小故事，使自己多接触录音材料，以求熟悉英语发音，扩大知识面，提高听力。泛听可一遍过，只要听懂大概意思就行了。如果一遍听不懂，可倒过来再听一遍，还是听不懂，就翻一下书，继续听下去，而在第一遍听材料的时候，一定要聚精会神，让自己的思维跟上每一个音节。在每句停顿时，可在脑海里反复一下。听的过程当中遇到生词不要停下来多想，因为有些生词可以在整个内容中理解。有些生词并不影响理解意思，可以不管，停下来想，反而影响听下面的内容。听音时要随着录音材料在脑子里用英语重复，而且速度要练得能跟上录音速度，不能边听边翻译。一般只要难度相当，能听清大部分单词，是可以理解其大意的。
在听力训练中，既要能准确无误地听出某些重要的数据、年代、人名、地名及事实，又要兼顾把握大意的训练，这就必须把精听与泛听结合起来，交替练习，即把精听和泛听分成各自独立的练习，听时穿插安排，也可把一个故事或报告分成精听和泛听段落，有些部分精听，其余泛听。
另外，在平时的训练中，要尽可能扩大你听英语的范围。这就是说尽可能多听英语母语人士的谈话（英国英语和美国英语）。同时也要多听非英语国家人们的谈话（法国英语、德国英语等）。英国广播公司（BBC）的面向世界的广播是听地道的英语的极好来源，观看电影录像也是如此。说英语的本族人在说话时，通常省掉一些词，以求省事，我们必须习惯他们的说话方式。
通过上面的种种方法，只要你能勤加练习就可以在短时间内突破英语听力，记住听完后一定要及时整理、检验你的成果，不能放到一边，否则你很难达到令自己满意的。
点滴建议：
训练时：
强化听音心理素质，学会手、耳、眼、脑并用。
听前:
1. 安定情绪，集中精力。
2. 听好试音部分，尽快进入听音状态。
3. 掠读题目，比较选项差异，预测内容。
听中：
带着问题捕捉信息，速记要点。
听后：
速决速断，马上准备下一题，切忌反复不定。拿不准时，相信第一感觉。
职业
身份
说话者之间的关系
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