课件25张PPT。
Unit 1 Great ScientistsLearning Goals What will we learn in Unit 1?
Go through the summing
up form on p 8Word study ( P 99) Pair work
* Read the new words aloud, and pay attention to the pronunciation
Use the correct form of the words in this unit to fill in the chart.infectinfectiousexaminescientific
conclusionanalysedefeatvaluevaluableinstructinstructivecontributecreationcreative
calculation movementmovable
complete
complete
enthusiastic
What do you know about great scientists? Try the quiz on P1 and find out who knows the most. Warming up1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Archimedes
(287-212 BC)
an ancient Greek
mathematician & physicist2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles Darwin (1808-1882)
British author of The Origin of Species 3.Who invented the first steam engine?Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it and turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways. 4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor Mendel
(1822-1884) Czech (捷克人)5.Who discovered radium?Marie Curie (1867-1934) (Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes)6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas Edison (1847-1931)
an American inventorThomas EdisonThe Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph 留声机LightbulbMotion Pictures7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Last SupperMona LisaLeonardo da Vinci
(1452-1519) Italian artist8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?Sir Humphry Davy
(1778-1829)BritishMiniature Miner's Safety Lamp 9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Zhang Heng
(78-139) Chinese, invented seismograph10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?Stephen Hawking
(1942--) a British astronomerDo you know? 发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽可门的蒸气机并发明出双动作，使世界进入“蒸气时代”的，使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。1865年，修士孟德尔在一个会议上报告了他通过长达八年的实验研究和他所统计的多达两万一千多件样本的实验结果，利用豌豆实验发现了植物的遗传规律，但是孟道尔的理论超出了当时人们能够接受的水平。35年后，三国科学家几乎是同时发现了植物遗传的规律。而当他们准备发表论文，去查阅文献时，又不约而同地发现，早在35年前孟德尔就发现这样的规律了。他们三个人在发表论文时，都提到了孟德尔的文章，称自己的工作是证实了孟德尔的定律。这就是生物学史上的有名的“孟德尔定律的再发现”。英国化学家、诗人汉弗莱·戴维。1778年出生。他小时聪明、淘气，不喜欢读书，喜欢玩乐。他不到20岁时，父亲去世。为了养家糊口，他到当地一位医生那当学徒，从此接触并喜欢上化学，因为觉得自己知识浅薄，他就自订计划发奋用功，凭着他的天资和勤奋，很快掌握了七种语言和不少科学知识，并最终成为了英国皇家学会的主席。1798年戴维的名声随着他对笑气的发现而传遍了整个英国。他还带病专门研究火焰，发明了矿用安全灯（1816），这种灯一直到今天仍叫戴维灯，曾挽救了成千上万名矿工的生命。
使人发笑的气体
????
世界上有一种能使人发笑的气体——笑气，它的学名叫“一氧化二氮”。笑气在空气中很少很少，大约只占空气体积的二百万分之一，所以人们每天呼吸空气，也不会笑个不停。
????开始，人们以为笑气能使人致病。到1798年，英国化学家汉弗莱·戴维做了一个使他一举成名的试验：一边吸入笑气，一边记录他自己所产生的生理效应。他发现，笑气对神经有奇异作用，吸入少量就会使人兴奋不已而大笑起来。试验中，戴维还发现这种气体减轻了他的一颗病齿的疼痛。后来进一步研究证实，吸入适量的笑气，可以使人进入麻醉状态，减轻病人的疼痛。从此，笑气被用作牙科麻醉剂。
笑气还有一个有趣的特性，就是能够像氧气一样助燃。当你将一块吹熄的木条，放到充满笑气的瓶中，木条会立刻烧起来，比在空气中燃烧得更猛烈、光亮。这是因为笑气在高温下能分解成氮气和氧气的缘故。
????笑气有个怪脾气，一个笑气分子会和六个水分子结合在一起。所以当水中溶解大量的笑气后，再把水冷却，就会有含笑气的晶体出现。把晶体加热，笑气又会重新逃出。人们利用笑气这种性质，来制得纯净的笑气。 Pre-reading (pair discussion)
What five most important
qualities do you think a scientist
should have? Give reasons.
careful clever strict patient
creative strong-willed honest
serious intelligent humorous
ambitious generous
1. Listening exercise P41,Ex 1&2
2. Speaking task (p46) write some key
words to the Qs to help your talk on your book
and prepare to introduce the scientist you admire
most to the class
3. Read notes ①--⑨ to Unit 1, p76-77
4. Preview the reading passage John Snow
Defeats “King Cholera”(p2)
Homework课件14张PPT。Unit 1 Great ScientistsDo you know the great scientists?1.Who invented the first modern steam engine?James Watt
(瓦特)2.Who discovered radium?Madame Curie3. Who is the inventor of electric light bulb(电灯)?Thomas Edison4.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Zhang Heng5.Who is the father of super hybrid rice?Yuan Longping6. Do you know who defeated “King Cholera”?John SnowJohn Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.Let’s get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage:
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:1.Find a problem:(发现问题)
2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题)
3.Think of a method:(找出研究方法)
4.Collect results:(收集材料)
5.Analyse results:(分析材料)
6.Find supporting evidence:(找到支持的证据)
7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论)John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Read the passage and fill in this form: (in 15 minutes)John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”What causes cholera?Which theory is correct?Collect information on those who were ill or died and where they got their waterMark information on a map to find out where people died or did not diedAnalyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illnessFind other evidence to make sure the conclusionThe water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined.Read the passage and number the events in Ex. 1(Page 3) in the order that they happened. (in 8 minutes)John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of choleraa strange cloud of gas found its victimspeople absorbed the disease with mealsCollect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correctHe found the cause of cholera was the polluted waterIdea 2. Because the information showed that the dirty water carried choleraHe defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing (in 5 minutes)Retell the passage according to below:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.课件23张PPT。Unit 1
Great ScientistsLanguage
pointsWords and Expressionsknow about…
lift up
put forward
set out
draw a conclusion
expose …to…
of its day
absorb… into…
be determined to do sth.
It seems that…
be to blame (for…)
look into
slow down
link…to…
have sth. done
die of
with certainty
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
be responsible for
take in
come to an end
apart from
be strict with sb
lead to
make sense
at times
work on
be against one’s idea
1. put forward
提出一个新的理论
put forward a new theory
put on 穿上;戴上
put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火)
put up with… 忍受……
put down 写下来;放下
put off 耽误;延期
put up 建立; 建造 expose
⑴ expose sth. to the light of day
把某事暴露于光天化日之下
⑵ I threatened to expose him
( to the police).
我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.
⑶ He exposed his skin to the sun.
他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.
⑷ The old man was left exposed to wind and rain.
这个老人家暴露在风雨中。
3. absorb
Paper that absorbs ink is called blotting paper（吸墨纸）.
The virus is absorbed into people’s body with their meals.
I was so absorbed in a book that I didn’t hear you call. 4. in addition (to)
In addition, the course also provides practical experience.
In addition to a diet, she pursues various exercises on TV.
连接两部分主语时，谓语动词与前一部分主语保持一致（同as well as）
The teacher in addition to two students _______ at the meeting.was 5. apart from
除了英语外，你还学了什么？
What do you learn apart from English?
Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
6. suggest
⑴ 建议
suggest sth. (to sb.)
She suggested a picnic at the weekend.
What did you suggest to the headmaster?
suggest （one/one’s）doing sth.
I suggested him leaving early for the airport.
suggest +that从句
从句谓语用（should）+ do
She suggested that her father give up smoking⑵ 显示，暗示
The smell from the room suggested it had been on fire.
The smile on her face suggestedthat she agreed with me.
翻译：他建议我们参观长城。
He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.
He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.He suggested that we (should) visit the
Great Wall.
Structures
Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.
I will give the letter to him immediately/the moment /directly/instantly I see him.
句中had it delivered部分是deliver的过去分词作have sth done结构中的 宾补 成分
He had to have his car repaired, for it broke down this morning.
Mark had his hair cut yesterday. Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise
Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work. Exercises checkingHomework checking (P4, Ex 1)1. victim
2. physician
3. analyse
4. defeat
5. challenge
6. enquiry
7. pump
8. blame
9. absorb
10. link…to…Homework checking (P4, Ex 2)Simon Lee was a footballer but his career came to an end when he developed a________illness.His doctor ________that Simon had been________ to a new virus. All attempts by the ________to________him failed. Simon ________that he would not get better and____________that he must leave football. severesuspectedexposedexpertscureforesawconcludedFinally, he___________that he would make a new career coaching young football players. At his last match all his fans__________and praised him by singing the popular song “Thanks for the memory”.announcedattendedHomework checking (P4, Ex 3)1. make a suggestion
2. make a plan
3. make a speech
4. make a change
5. make a investigation
6. make a decision
7. make a contribution
8. make a noise
9. make a description
Homework checking (P42, Ex 1) Educated people in the 21st century may find it hard to believe that 200 years ago people didn’t ___ illness ___ problems in the environment. We all know that in London drinking _______ water caused many deaths from cholera. There was a _____ to its cause because it always started in the poor _____________. Then it spread to the richer areas as the servants passed it on. Many doctors ________ that
linktopollutedclueneighbourhoodsuspected polluted water was to _____ and clean water was the ____. John Snow’s investigation proved that the dirtier the water, the more ______ the illness. So the government and the doctor _______________ that water must be purified. They _______ people to remove ______ from pumps if the water was infected. Thus cholera was _______ in the end.blamecureseveredrew the conclusioninstructedhandlesdefeatedTranslation of Ex. 3 on P42
_____ _____ from going to the park, I _____ my movement _____ my _____.
2. It is difficult to _____ _____ _____ without enough _____.
3. These _____ enquiries will _____ _____ the _____ of our project.
4. Gustave Eiffel was very _____ about his plan to _____ the iron tower, which made him _____.
5. He often _____ _____ unusual plans. So be _____ _____ them before you decide _____ _____ _____.6. Who was the first person to _____ the idea that the earth was the _____ of the _____?
7. Although his writing _____ _____ _____, Fred is _____ that his composition will get a high mark.
课件22张PPT。Using structures (grammar) Unit 1 Grammar
The Past Participle as the Attribute & Predicative
He is humorous.
(Predicative表语)
He is a humorous boy. (Attribute 定语) Please look at the sentences carefully. Pick out the attributes& predicative of the sentences, explain why you divide them into these groups.
1) I was angry with him for keeping me waiting so long.
2) She is a beautiful young lady.
3) He got worried about losing the money.
4) Sally was so excited at the good news.
5) So many thousands of terrified people died.Discovering Useful Structures ( P4, Ex1)
1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. (attribute)
2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. (attribute)
He got interested in the two theories.
(predicative)
4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. (predicative) Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning. (p5, Ex 2)1. people (who are) terrified of...
2. seats (which) are reserved by...
3. water (which is) polluted by…
4. a room (which is) crowded with…
5. a winner (who is) pleased with…6. astonished children
7. a broken vase
8. a closed door
9. the tired audience
10. an trapped animal P 5, Ex 31. blamed
2. tired
3. disappointed
4. shocked
5. excited
6. infectedP44. Using structures Ex.1: 1.prepared
2. interested
3. worried, continued
4. arrived
5. concerned
6. frightenedEx.21. I found a broken plate on the floor.
2. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man named Xiao Ming.
3. I looked at that modern abstract painting coloured in yellows and greens.
4. Yesterday I got an expected answer to my question on the Internet.
5. She is one of my friends devoted to my interests.
6. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles marked in green ink.
7. We saw many cracked windows in that room.过去分词作表语和定语三要素 过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点：
一、理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点：过去分词作表语和定语常常表示被动的和完成的动作。
The polluted river gives off a terrible smell.
典型考例：
1. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
析： D。此处并不是强调进行的、完成的或将来的动作，因此应填过去分词known作定语。
2. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having written B.to be written C.being written D. written 析： D。第一批课本是被写的，所以应填过去分词written作定语，表示完成的、被动的动作。
注意:有些过去分词(词组)因来自系表结构而不含被动色彩，如dressed like, dressed in, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, prepared for, lost /absorbed in等。例如：
Do you know the man seated on that stone?
Don't you know the girl dressed in a red skirt ?
典型考例：
1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
析:C. remain seated 为系表结构，不具有被动色彩
注意:一些表示情绪、情感的过去分词作表语和定语时也不具备被动色彩。例如：
The excited people finally cooled down.
激动的人们终于冷静了下来。
典型考例：
2. -I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
- Mm. It does have a ________ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 析： D。第一空应填pleased，表满意的情绪；第二空应填pleasant，表令人愉快的。
二、掌握过去分词作表语和定语的创新形式
1. get done也可构成被动语态，相当于be done。例如：
His right hand got burnt in that big fire.
She got murdered last year.
2. 过去分词作非限制性定语。
过去分词可作非限制性定语，因其不属于被修饰名词不可缺少的定语，前面常有逗号与被修饰名词隔开。
典型考例：
1. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring; boring
析： A。第一空应填tired，来源于系表结构be tired of；第二空表令人感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。
2. The Olympic Games,________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
析： C。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表“公元前776年第一次被举行”，应填过去分词first played作非限制性定语
三、 弄清过去分词作表语和定语的位置
1. 单个过去分词要前置；
2. 过去分词短语要后置，此时可与定语从句互相转换；
3. 单个过去分词前加一个副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来，构成一个复合形容词，放在名词前作定语，如：a well-known doctor, a newly-built bridge
4. 过去分词作表语时，应放在连系动词后面，但有时过去分词和连系动词之间有副词隔开。例如：
This is the wounded soldier .
This is the soldier wounded in the battle.
English is widely used all over the world.
典型考例：
1. Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
析： A。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表“被邀请”，所以应用过去分词短语invited to the party作后置定语。
2. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer
can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
析： B。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表"通过电脑购买"，goods与buy之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词短语bought through a computer作后置定语。
过去分词作表语和定语练与析：
1. I don't know the girl ________ in the snow storm.
A.to catch B.caught C.catching D.to be catching
2. The girl ________ down by a car was dying.
A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock
3. The foreign guests, ________ by some artists, came out of the hall.
A. following B. to follow
C. followed D. to be followed
BCC4. This is the problem ________ so quickly last evening.
A. having been settled B. settle
C. be settled D. settled
5. There was an ________ look on his face when the actress appeared.
A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitement
6. The children ________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.
A. to examine B. examined
C. examine D. examining DAB7. He was disappointed at his suggestions ________ by them yesterday.
A. been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down
8. This is the package ________ last night.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed
9. Island is a small piece of land ________ by water.
A. surrounded B. surrounding C. to be surrounded D. being surrounded BDA10. The managers will again discuss the plan ________ last week.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
11. After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ in the mud.
A. catch B. catching C. caught D. being caught
12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .
A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be killed ACC13. When I went in, they were ________ in a heated discussion.
A. absorb B. absorbed
C. absorbing D. being absorbed
14. The thief seems ________ in that cave. Let's go and see.
A. hidden B. hide C. hiding D. to hide BA课件17张PPT。 Unit 1
Great ScientistsNew worldsWarming upDo you know what is the center of the solar system?
Can you name the nine planets in the solar system? Nine Planets In
the Solar System .Mercury 水星
Venus 金星
Earth 地球
Mars 火星
Jupiter 木星
Saturn 土星
Uranus 天王星
Neptune 海王星
Pluto 冥王星Nine Planets In the Solar System:Mnemonics (记忆术)
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune PlutoMy Very Easy Method: Just Set Up Nine Planets.Can you use a good method to memorize them ?Fast reading
1. What did Copernicus think was the center of the solar system?
2.When did Copernicus publish his theory?Reading
Copernicus’ Revolutionary TheoryCareful reading
Why didn’t Copernicus publish his theory before he died?
Discussion (pair work)
If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Give a reason.P7. 1.Use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe.Before Copernicus’ theory
A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centreShowing Copernicus’ theory
A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centrePersuasive writing (Please refer to P8 Learning Tip)
Writing Task: P7 3.Now write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them.
First you need to collect your ideas. For example:
He believes his new theory is true.
There are problems with the present theory.
He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true.
Science can’t develop unless people publish their ideas.
Time will show if his theory is true or not.Here is a plan:
Beginning: Tell Copernicus who you are and why you want him to publish his ideas.
Paragraph 1: Reason 1 and evidence.
Paragraph 2: Reason 2 and evidence.
Summing up: Ask him to think again about publishing his ideas.
One possible version:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,
I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.
I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the certre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.
I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.
So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Hua Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer (1473-1543). Born in Torun, he began his university studies in Krakow in 1491, where he studied canon law and Latin and Greek classics. However he also had an interest in mathematics and astronomy. After obtaining his degree of Doctor of Canon Law (教会法规博士学位)in Italy in 1503, Copernicus returned home to Warmia in Poland to serve as Canon (=priest) .
In 1530, Copernicus completed his great work De Revolutionibus (《天体运行论》).Copernicus knew that these findings would lead him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church (罗马天主教教徒), so he wasin no hurry to publish his theory. He only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
Though Copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordinary impact, the book which first suggested that the Sun, not the Earth, is the centre of the universe is now recognized as one of the most influential scientific works of all time.
Adapted from http://www.library.rdg.ac.uk/colls/special/featureditem/copernicus/Listening (P5)1. Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.
2. In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme
when he came back to China.
3. When Qian Xuesen returned to China he sep up a Space Institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.4. In China he has been honoured
as “the father of the space programme”.
5. Steve Smith suggested putting
Qian Xuesen’s picture on Mars when
the first Chinese astronaut lands there.
1. Surf the Internet and get more information about Copernicus.
http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Copernicus.htm
2. Revision
Homework
