高二必修5 Unit 2词汇解析 例题解析 过去分词

高二必修5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom词汇解析
unit 2 Words and expressions
1.debate about /on/upon sh争论某事 Debate sth with sb 与某人争某事
eg. I debated the idea in my mind until I fell asleep. 我入睡前一直在思考这个问题。
They were debating whether to go to the mountain or to the seaside.
他们正在争论是去山上还是去海边。
After a long debate the bill was passed in congress.
经过长时间的辩论后，议案在国会通过了。
2.in addition to sth/doing sth=as well as, besides另外
Additions are made to the list from time to time. 清单的内容不断扩充。
In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience. 课程除了介绍一般电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会。
3.lie-lay-lain-lying 躺，卧，位于 lay-laid-laid-laying 放置，下蛋
lie-lied-lied-lying 撒谎 figure 体形，身体；数字；图形；人像，雕像
figure out 计算出；想明白 have/keep a good figure 拥有/保持好身材
be poor/good at figures 擅长/不擅长计算
4.get into (out of ) a difficult situation
5.run across /run into 偶遇，撞上 run away走掉
run away from逃避 run out用光
run out of 用光 in the long run从长远看
be on the run 忙碌
6.close get close to 接近 sit close to 坐在旁边
watch sb closely 密切观察某人 be deeply moved 深受感动
deep into the night 到深夜 be highly praised 受到高度赞扬
fly high 飞得高 be widely used 被广泛使用
with his eyes wide open 眼睛睁得很大
7.equip …with sth 用某物装备
8.take measures to do 采取措施做
take steps to do 采取步骤（措施）做 take action 采取行动
9.be concerned with 与……有关 be concerned about /over 关心，挂念
as/so far as …be concerned 就……而言 concerning=about
10.rely on/upon =depend on/upon 依赖，依靠
11.result in 导致 result from 因为 as a result(of) 因为……
12.lead to 通向；导致 =result in
eg: All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
eg: Success lies in hard work while laziness can lead to failure. 成功在于努力，懒惰导致失败。
The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught. 新证据的发现使小偷被抓住了。
13.hunt for a job 找工作
14.under way 在进行中 under attack 受到攻击
under control 在控制之下 under discussion 在讨论中
under repair 在修理中 under examination 在检查中
under construction 在建设中 under arrest 被逮捕
15.assess
eg: My lawyer assessed the value of my company at ￡700,000.
我的律师估计我的公司价值70万英镑。
16.remain
We are remaining at home. 我们留在家里
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。
He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.
他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。
The death of the innkeeper still remains a mystery. 客栈老板之死仍然是个谜。
it remains to be seen 还要看情况发展
17.within the reach of sb 在某人手够到的地方
out of one’s reach =beyond the reach of sb 某人手够不到的地方
reach for 伸手去拿 reach to 延伸到
eg: The farmland reaches to the river. 农场延伸到河边。
18.consider…as/regard…as/think of…as/look on…as/have…as 认为……是……
19.an access to ……的入口 an introduction to ……的入门介绍
an answer to ……的答案 a key to ……的答案/关键/钥匙
an entrance to a building 一座建筑的入口 an exit from a solution to …
20.turn on/off the lights 开/关灯
turn into eg: turn waste land into rich fields 把荒地变成沃野
turn to sb for help/turn to the dictionary 向某人求助/查字典
turn down the radio/his invitation 关低收音机/拒绝他的邀请
turn up the radio 开响收音机 turn in 上缴；把。。。交给警方
turn over 考虑；翻过来；移交
21.open the floor for discussion 开始讨论
22.have a lasting effect on… 对……有持久影响
23.hide from their responsibilities 逃避责任
24.cut back on/cut down production 减少产量
25.do harm to /be harmful to 对……有害
26.make a final decision 做最后的决定
27.What if we run out of space 如果我们没有空间怎么办？
28.a new, environmentally friendly hotel 一个新的环保旅馆
29.write in 写信表示意见
30.On taking off his jacket, a sleeping tortoise was found on his stomach.
他一脱下夹克，人们就看到他的肚子上趴着一只睡着的乌龟。
31.impress sb with sth/impress sth on sb 给……留下印象
32.line up 排队 be lined with trees 长者一排排的树
33.provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth 给……提供……
34.at a national or international level 以国家或国际水平
35.in the form of 以。。。的形式
36.pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification
选出可能受到沙漠化影响的地区
37.from my point of view 依我看
38.on account of /due to /as a result of /thanks to/because of 因为
39.depend on the Yangtze River for survival 依靠长江赖以生存
40.leave out 排除在外，忽略掉
eg: Leave me out of this quarrel, I don’t want to get involved.
不要让我参与吵架，我不想卷入。
高二必修5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom重点词汇解析
Unit 2 Words and expressions
1.unit (v.) united (adj.) the United Nations
unity(n.)
2. 1) consist of 由…组成,包括 (注意:不能用于被动语态和进行时态)
= be made up of The group consists of 4 students.
2) consist in 存在…之中 Happiness consists in freedom.
3. divide…into 把整体分成若干部分
separate…from 把原来连在一起的或靠近的部分分隔开来.
Please _______ the good apples ____ the bad ones.
The teacher _______ the class ____ seven groups.
divide sth. in half/into halves 把某物分两半
4. puzzle(n./v)
a cross-word puzzle 纵横字谜 be in a puzzle about 对…大惑不解
puzzled (adj.) 感到迷惑的 puzzling(adj.) 令人困惑的
5. debate on/about sth with sb.
open /close a debate 开始/终止辩论 under debate 在辩论中
cf. debate(辩论)/argue(争辩)/quarrel(争吵)
6. clarify (v.) 阐明,变的清晰
clarify a problem His mind clarified. clarification (n.)
7. break (broke, broken)
break away from 挣脱… break out (战争,灾难,疾病)爆发
break down (机器)出故障,(谈判)失败, (身体)垮了
break up 打碎,解散,结束 break into 闯入 break in 插话
break off 中断 break the rule 违反规定
break the record 打破记录 take a break 休息
8. with/in relation to 关于…
A与B有关: A be related to B A relate to B
relationship 友谊
9.educational(adj.) educate(v.)education (n.)
10.legal --à legally (adv.)
11. at your convenience 在你方便的时候
for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便起见 make a convenience of sb. (乘机)利用某人
It is convenient for you to do inconvenient (adj.)
12. attraction : 某物对某人有吸引力 sth. have an attraction for sb.
attract: attract one’s attention attractive adj. 有吸引力 unattractive
13. collection n.[u] 收集 n.[c] 收藏品
a collection of … 一系列的…(收藏品) collect (v.)
14.construct (v.)
construction (n.) be under ~
constructive (adj.) constructor (n.)
15.influence :
1) have a good/bad ~ on /upon sb. 对…有好/坏的影响 Cf. have an effect on …
2) be influenced by…
16. leave out 省去,遗漏 leave alone 听其自然,不管
leave for 动身去.. leave sb. doing sth. 听任某人做某事
leave sth undone 留下某事未完成 leave sb. with sth= leave sth. to sb.(把某物留给某人)
leave behind 留下 leave word 留下口信
17. take the place of sb.= take one’s place
in place of=instead of take place 发生,举行 (无被动态)
18.arrange arrangement(n.)
19. fold: fold up 折叠 unfold : 打开
20.sth. be available for …可供…利用
time available to you 做后置定语(你可利用的时间)
21. to one’s delight 使人高兴的是 delighted 高兴的
delightful 令人高兴的 take delight in 喜好…
22.thrill (v.) thrilling /thrilled(adj.)
thrill with delight 为高兴而激动 a thrill of joy 一阵喜悦
Warming Up :
1. know about =know of
be known as be known for
Sth be known to sb. 某物被某人所知 make oneself known to sb. 自我介绍
as far as I know
2. divide sth. among 在…中分配某物
be divided by 用…除 Six divided by two is three
高二必修5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom[例题解析]
例1 Helen had to shout________ above the sound of the music.
A.　making herself hear　　　　　　　　　　B.　to make herself hear
C.　making herself heard　　　　　　　　　　D.　to make herself heard
思路解析　　
根据题意“海伦只好喊，以便使别人听到自己的声音”,所以应当用动词不定式表目的，但自己应当是被听到，所以要用head。 答案：D
黑色陷阱　　
本题最容易选错B项。因为经常有make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事” 这一用法，但本题中应用过去分词head作herself的宾语补足语表示“被别人听到”。
绿色通道　　
掌握一些常见过去分词作宾补的现象，将对做此类题型有很大的帮助。如：make oneself understood 表达自己的意图；make oneself known 作自我介绍；make oneself seen被看见。
例2 When I got back home I saw a message_______ to the door reading “Sorry to miss you；will call later.”
A. pin　　　　　　B. pins　　　　　　C. pinned　　　　　　D. to pin
思路解析　　
pinned在句中充当message 的宾语补足语，与宾语a message之间是被动关系，故用过去分词；A、B两项都是谓语动词，不能充当宾语补足语。D选项中的to pin的意思是“去钉”显然与题意不符。 答案：C
绿色通道　
　 如何选用非谓语动词作宾补：①动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，它的逻辑主语就是它前面的宾语；②当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的过去分词作宾语补足语；③在表示心理情感状态等的动词后用to do作宾语补足语。
例3 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_______ in the kitchen.
A.　smoke　　　　B.　smoking　　　　C.　to smoke　　　　D.　smoked
思路解析　
根据题意“一个厨师一旦被发现在厨房抽烟，将会立即被解雇”，强调正在进行的动作，而不是指抽烟的全过程。 答案：B
绿色通道　　
注意积累其他和find 有关的宾补结构:
find sth./ sb.+adj?.(interesting，etc.) 发现某物或某人“怎么样”；
find sth./sb.+ done发现某物或某人“被怎么样”。
例4 News reports say peace talks between the two countries________ with no agreement? reached.
A　.have broken down　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.　have broken out
C.　have broken in　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.　have broken up
思路解析　
根据题干“新闻报道说两国之间的和平会谈破裂，没有达成任何协议”，选项中只有break down 的意思是“失败”。 答案：A
黑色陷阱　　
此题很容易误选D项。break up 的意思是“打碎；驱散；散会；放假”等，要记住break up不能指会谈的破裂。
绿色通道
　　要熟练掌握和break 有关的动词短语：
break out 爆发（战争、自然灾害）　　break in 打断；闯入
break up 分手；打碎；散会 break through 突破；冲破
break away from 脱离
例5 When first_______ to the market，these products enjoyed great success.
A.　introducing　　　　　　　　　　　B.　introduced
C.　introduce　　　　　　　　　　　　D.　being introduced
思路解析　
先看懂题意，“这些产品刚投放市场时就很成功(销售很好)。”此状语从句恢复完整时，应是“when these products were first introduced to the market”。 答案：B
绿色通道　　
在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be,主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it,常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略。
高二必修5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom过去分词
过去分词作宾补用法归纳
英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back. (宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)
一． 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等的后面。
eg: They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. (谚语：少说多看）
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二．过分词用在get, have, make 的后面。
1. 注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：
A）表"让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired. The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受. . . . 影响，蒙受. . . . . 损失"
eg: I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday. (MET1986)
2. "make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、过去分词用在感观动词watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find等后面。如：
When we got to school, we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year. (NMET2000)
四、过去分词用在want, wish, like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如：
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure. I wish the problem settled.
五、过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged, he left the office.
六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补：　表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。
eg: He didn't notice me waiting. I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window. I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window. I heard her sing the song in English.
专项训练1：
1. ___ poor at English, I'm afraid I can't make myself ___.
A. To be; understand B. I'm ;to understand
C. Being ;understanding D. Being; understood
2. I have had my bike ___ ,and I'm going to have somebody ___ my radio tomorrow.
A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired
C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing
3. You must get the work ___ before Friday.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
4. ___ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder ___.
A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; gone
C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen
5. We are pleased to see the problem ___ so quickly.
A. settled B. having been settled C. be settled D. settling
6. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again. (上海1999）
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
7. It is wise to have some money ___ for old age. (NMET1996)
A. put away B. keep up C. give away D. laid up (put away 放好, 储存. . . 备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃)
8. I don't want the children ___ out in such weather.
A. take B. to take C. taken D. taking
9. I'm afraid that I can't make myself ___ be cause of my poor English.
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied (表动作完成）
专项训练2：
1. We found her greatly ___.
A. improving B. changed C. to help D. having disturbed
2. Jane got her bad tooth ___ at the dentist's.
A. to put in B. pulled out C. pushed out D. drawing out
3. When ____ ,the museum will be open to the public next year. (上海2002)
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
4. With a lot of difficulties ___ ,they went to the seashore and had a good rest.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
5. The research is so designed that once ___ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET2002)
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun( once begun 在句中作状语，begin为及物动词:“着手”）
6. ___ ,they went home,___.
A. Their work had been finished; singing and laughing
B. They had finished their work; sang and laughed
C. Their work finished ;singing and laughing
D. after their work finished; singing and laughing
7. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word ___
A. speaking B. speak C. spoken D. to speak
8. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
9. ___ from space, the earth with water ___70％ of its surface looks like a "blue blanket".
A. Seen ;covered B. Being seen; covers C. Seeing; covering D. Seen; covering
10. ____,the experiment will be successful.
A. If carefully doing B. If it done carefully C. If carefully done D. If doing carefully
11. The girl wrote a composition without ___.
A. ask B. asking C. being asked D. to be asked
12. He finished his homework and then went on ___me.
A. helping B. with help C. with helping D. to help
13. ___where to go ,he asked a policeman.
A. Having lost his way and not knowing
B. Losing his way and didn't know
C. Having lost his way and didn't know
D. Lost his way and didn't know
14. ____ her friend was badly hurt, she burst into tears.
A. Hearing B. Having heard C. To hear D. Heard
15. ____ his team had won, his face lit up at once.
A. Knowing B. When knowing C. After knowing D. When he knew
专项训练3：
1. They hurried back home only to find their house ___ into.
A. break B. to break C. broken D. breaking
2. When he came to, he found himself ___ on a chair, with his hands ___ back.
A. to sit; tied B. sitting; tying C. sat; tied D. sitting; tied
3. We do not feel ___ to enter modern buildings; everything about them seems unfriendly.
A. invited B. inviting C. to invite D. to be invited
(feel后加形容词，此处的invited 表主语we 的感受)
4. I'm going to have my letters ____ tomorrow if I've got them ready by then.
A. to type B. type C. typed D. typing
5. Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty ___ in art and literature.
A. expressed B. to express C. being expressed D. to be expressed
答案：
专项训练1：1-10 DCDBA CACDD
专项训练2：:1-15 BBAAD DDADC CDDAD
专项训练3：:1-5 CDACA
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