Module1 Unit1 Grammar

1、 learning target:
1．能力目标
在本节课结束时，学生能够
结合教材中的例句和语法知识归纳出直接引语和间接引语互换的规律。
根据直接引语和间接引语的转换规律完成句式互换练习。
在适当的语境中运用间接引语对他人的语言进行复述或转述。
2．目标语言
重点词汇和短语
get tired of, pack up, suitcase
语法项目：直接引语和间接引语
二、Learning procedures.
Step 1 Practice before class.
A. sentence translation.
1. 直到你帮我指出来(point sb. out)，我才意识(realize)到我的错误。
___________________________________________________________________________
2. 你能让这车在这么冷的天气启动吗？(get sth done)
___________________________________________________________________________
B. Fill in the following blanks.
1. When he was young, he went to _______________ to study _____________. (German)
2. Actually, all these _______________ made their ______________ in the USA before 1914. (settle)
3. They are discussing how to build a ______________ government. (power)
4. It was strange that this _______________ lady enjoyed her ________________ by living ________________. (long)
5. His angry expression suggested he ______________ to the decision. (agree)
His angry expression suggested his ______________ to the decision. (agree)
6. To be more _____________, there are 390 students in Grade 2.
7. As far as I am _____________, the moon is cycling around the earth.
8. __________________ (pack) up my things in my suitcase, I left in a hurry.
9. Would you mind __________________ (add) up all these numbers
10. This young girl could no longer talk face to face with his parents after _______________________. (catch)
Step 2: leading-in.
Step 3: self-observation: summarize the rules of Direct speech and Indirect speech
1. the rules:
直接引语和间接引语（Direct Speech and Indirect Speech）
引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如：
Mr Black said, “I’m busy.”布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语）
Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）
1. 陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从初中的人称、事态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。
⑴人称的变化
He said, “I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它。”
He said that he likes it very much.他说它非常喜欢它。
He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.”他对我说：“我把书落在你的房间里了。”
He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我它把书落在我的房间里了。
⑵时态的变化
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态无需变化。
直接引语转换成简介引语时时态的变化 例 句
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时 “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. Anne said that she _________ want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
现在进行时过去进行时 The boy said, “I’m using a knife.” The boy said that he ______________a knife.
现在完成时过去完成时 Cella said, “I have not heard from Jordan since May.” Cella said that she ______________________________________________.
一般过去时过去完成式 They said: “We saw her in the street” They said that they ____________________________.
过去完成时不变 He said, “I had finished my homework before ” He said that he _________________________________________________.
一般将来时过去将来时 Zhou Lan said, “I’ll do it after class.” Zhou Lan said that ______________________________________________.
3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语转换成简介引语时指示代词等的变化 例 句
直接引语 间接引语
this that The lawyer said, “I will come this morning.” The lawyer said that she ________ go ___________ morning.
these those He said, “These books are mine.” He said that ___________ books were his.
now then She said, “It is nine o’clock now.” She said that _____________ nine o’clock ___________.
ago before/earlier Bob said, “My sister was here three days ago.” Bob said that _________________________________________________.
today that day David said, “I haven’t seen her today.” David said that _____________________________________________________.
yesterday the day before She said, “I’ll go there yesterday.” She said that ________________________________________________________.
tomorrowthe next/following day She said, “I’ll go there tomorrow.” She said that she _____________________________________________________.
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time The captain said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow.” The captain said that they would arrive _________________________________.
come go here therethe day before yesterday two days before/earlier She said, “I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday.” She said that she _______________to see the doctor _______________________________________________.
说明：
(1) 直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
(2) 如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go,如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
2.祈使句
转述祈使句时，要讲祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意识加上tell, ask, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。例如：
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.” 女主人对我们说：“请坐。”
The hostess asked us to sit down.女主人请我们坐下。
Father said to him, “Go away!” 父亲对他说：“走开！”
Father ordered him to go away. 父亲命令他走开。
Mother said to me, “Come back before 10:00.”妈妈对我说：“10点钟以前回来。”
Mother told me to go back before 10:00.妈妈嘱咐我10点钟以前回去。
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”他说：“孩子们，不要大声吵闹。”
He told the boys not to make so much noise.他告诉孩子们不要大吵大闹。
3. 疑问句
直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序（主语在谓语的前面），句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语也要作相应的变化。
1）一般疑问句：直接引语如果时一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask或asked，原问句变成由连词if（或whether）引导的宾语从句。没有间接宾语的，可以根据情况加上。例如：
“Do you think a diary can become your friend ” the writer says.作者问：“你们认为日记能成为你们的朋友吗？”
The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend. 作者问我们是否认为日记能成为我们的朋友。
He said, “Are you interested in English ” 他问道：“你对英语感兴趣吗？”
He asked (me) if I was interested in English. 他问我是否对英语感兴趣。
She said, “Did you see him last night ”她问：“你昨天晚上看到他了吗？”
She asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before.她问我前一天晚上是否看到他了。
2）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果时特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。例如：
“What do you want ” he asked me. “你想要什么？”他问我。
He asked me what I wanted.他问我想要什么。
“What do you call your diary ” Anne’s sister asked her.姐姐问安妮：“你给你的日记起什么名字？”
Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary.姐姐问安妮她给她的日记起什么名字。
“When did you go to bed last night ” Father said to Anne.爸爸问安妮：“你昨晚什么时间睡的觉？”
Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.爸爸问安妮她头天晚上什么时间睡的觉。
2. self-practice:
Task 1: 句型转换。
1. He said, “I arrived yesterday morning.”
He said that ___________ ___________ ___________ the morning before.
2. Jack asked, “How are you getting on with your maths, Rose ”
Jack ___________ Rose how ____________ ___________ getting on with her maths.
3. “Do you work hard ” my mother said to me.
My mother ____________ ___________ ___________ I worked hard.
4. “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a dairy,” said Anne.
Anne said the she _______________________________________________________.
5. “Does a friend always have to be a person ” the teacher asked us.
The teacher ____________________________________________________________.
6. “Why did you go to bed so late last night ” Anne’s father asked Anne.
Anne’s father asked Anne _________________________________________________.
7. “I don’t know the address of my new home,” said Anne.
Anne said that ___________________________________________________________.
8. “Why did you choose your diary and old letters ” her father asked her.
Her father ______________________________________________________________.
9. Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
Mother asked her: “______________________________________________________”
10. Margot asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
Margot asked her: “______________________________________________________”
11. Anne asked her father when they would go back home.
Anne asked her father: “___________________________________________________”
12. Father asked Anne why she had talked so much to that boy.
Father asked Anne: “_____________________________________________________”
Task 2: Translate the following sentences, and then change into Direct Speech.
13. 他告诉他的妈妈说那男孩很调皮。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. 他告诉我说他把字典留在我的房间里。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. 妈妈问我是否喜欢打篮球。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
16. 凯特问你那天是，时候回家的。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 对比练习。
1. Mr. Smith said _____________ the earth is round.
Mr. Smith asked _____________ the earth is round.
Mr. Smith asked _____________ the earth is like.
2. I said I ___________ here yesterday.
I said I __________ __________ here the day before.
Unit 1 Grammar
Direct speech and Indirect speech