First Aid for Burns
A burn can be painful or painless, according to the degree. The degree of a burn is determined by its location on the body and the number of skin layers affected. A burn can be caused by heat, electricity, chemicals or radiation. The first response in a burn situation is to stop the heat source or break contact between the heat source and the skin. The body holds in the heat and continues to burn until the skin cools. In many cases you can cool the burn with water. Unless told to by a medical professional, never use butter or ointments; they seal in heat and may cause infection. If blisters form, they should not be broken because they protect the burn from infection.
For heat or thermal burns, rinse the burn (without scrubbing) or immerse the affected area in cool water until the pain is gone. With a sterile cloth pat the burn area dry then cover. For accidents involving drenching by a hot liquid, remove the liquid-soaked clothing or place clothed victim in water bath or shower. Smother any burning clothing by dropping the victim to the ground and rolling them. Never peal stuck clothing from a burn.
In cases of electrical burns, turn off the electric power at the source. Do not touch the victim until all wires are clear. Avoid contact with the electric current while removing the victim. Make sure the victim’s breathing and heartbeat are regular. Treat the victim for shock and make sure they get medical attention. Check places where the electricity entered and exited the victim’s body. Treat minor burns with cool water and have the victim seek medical attention.
With chemical burns, locate the chemical container and follow the label directions for emergencies. Consult the chemical’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or call the Poison Control Center. Remove any contaminated clothing. If the eyes have been affected, flush them for 30 minutes. For acid chemicals, immediately flush the affected area for 15-20 minutes. For dry chemicals, brush the chemical off the skin then flush the area for 15-20 minutes. Make sure the victim seeks medical attention.
The severity of a burn may not be obvious for up to 24 hours and infection may occur if improperly treated. Always seek medical help if the victim:
shows symptoms of shock
has head or neck burns or has trouble breathing
has burns on the hands, feet or groin (making muscle and ligament damage more likely)
if second or third degree burns are present
if victim is over age 60 or under 5 years of age
Before an accident happens, know the location of the first aid kit, the nearest telephone, and medical facility. Burns can be painful and cause irreparable damage in seconds. You must be able to respond appropriately and get medical help as quickly as possible.
Ⅰ度烧伤
Ⅱ度烧伤
Ⅲ度烧伤
表皮受伤，局部轻度红肿、疼痛，创面干燥无水泡，痊愈后不留瘢痕
表皮、真皮都受损，红肿，水疱，剧疼，愈后的色素及瘢痕
皮、肉、骨均受伤，局部蜡白、焦黄或炭黑色，疼痛消失，痊愈后留有瘢痛或畸形
What causes burns?
You can get burned by heat and fire, radiation, sunlight, electricity or chemicals. There are 3 degrees of burns:
First-degree burns are red and painful. They swell a little. They turn white when you press on the skin. The skin over the burn may peel off after 1 or 2 days.
Thicker burns, called second-degree burns, have blisters and are painful. The skin is very red or splotchy, and it may swell a lot.
Third-degree burns cause damage to all layers of the skin. The burned skin looks white or charred. These burns may cause little or no pain because the nerves in the skin are damaged.
How long does it take for burns to heal?
First-degree burns usually heal in 3 to 6 days.
Second-degree burns usually heal in 2 to 3 weeks.
Third-degree burns usually take a very long time to heal.
How are burns treated?
The treatment depends on what kind of burn you have. If a first- or second-degree burn covers an area larger than 2 to 3 inches in diameter, or is on your face, hands, feet or genitals, you should see a doctor right away. Third-degree burns require emergency medical attention. Do not put butter, oil, ice or ice water on burns. This can cause more damage to the skin.
First-degree burn
Soak the burn in cool water. Then treat it with a skin care product like aloe vera cream or an antibiotic ointment. To protect the burned area, you can put a dry gauze bandage over the burn. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as acetaminophen (one brand name: Tylenol), ibuprofen (some brand names: Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (brand name: Aleve), to help with the pain.
Second-degree burn
Soak the burn in cool water for 15 minutes. If the burned area is small, put cool, clean, wet cloths on the burn for a few minutes every day. Then put on an antibiotic cream, or other creams or ointments prescribed by your doctor. Cover the burn with a dry nonstick dressing (for example, Telfa) held in place with gauze or tape. Check with your doctor's office to make sure you are up-to-date on tetanus shots. Change the dressing every day. First, wash your hands with soap and water. Then gently wash the burn and put antibiotic ointment on it. If the burn area is small, a dressing may not be needed during the day. Check the burn every day for signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, swelling or pus. If you see any of these signs, see your doctor right away. To prevent infection, avoid breaking any blisters that form. Burned skin itches as it heals. Keep your fingernails cut short and don't scratch the burned skin. The burned area will be sensitive to sunlight for up to one year.
Third-degree burn
For third-degree burns, go to the hospital right away. Don't take off any clothing that is stuck to the burn. Don't soak the burn in water or apply any ointment. You can cover the burn with a sterile bandage or clean cloth until you receive medical assistance.
What do I need to know about electrical and chemical burns?
A person with an electrical burn (for example, from a power line) should go to the hospital right away. Electrical burns often cause serious injury inside the body. This injury may not show on the skin. A chemical burn should be washed with large amounts of water. Take off any clothing that has the chemical on it. Don't put anything on the burned area. This might start a chemical reaction that could make the burn worse. If you don't know what to do, call 9-1-1 or your local poison control center, or see your doctor right away.
First Aid for Second-Degree Burns
What are second-degree burns?
Second-degree burns are more serious than first-degree burns because a deeper layer of skin is burned. They can more easily become infected. Also, if the burn affects more than 10% of your skin, you may go into shock because large quantities of fluid are lost from the burned area.
All second-degree burns greater than 2 to 3 inches in diameter should be treated by a medical professional. Smaller burns can usually be treated at home.
What causes second-degree burns?
Second-degree burns are usually caused by:
deep sunburn
exposure to flames
contact with hot liquids
burning gasoline or kerosene
contact with chemicals.
What are the symptoms of second-degree burns?
The skin is bright red and blotchy and has blisters. It usually looks wet because of the loss of fluid through the damaged skin.
Second-degree burns are often very painful.
What is the treatment?
The goals of treatment for second-degree burns are easing the pain and preventing infection.
For second-degree heat burns without open blisters, follow these steps:
Remove jewelry or tight clothing from the burned area before it begins to swell.
Flush the burn with cool running water or apply cold- water compresses (a wet towel or handkerchief) until the pain lessens. Do not use ice or ice water, which can cause more damage to the burned area.
Try not to break the blisters. If the blisters break, the exposed skin can become infected.
Cover the burn with a clean (sterile, if possible), dry, nonfluffy bandage such as a gauze pad. Do not put tape on the burn.
Do not put ointments, grease, petroleum jelly, butter, or home remedies on the burn. These substances can hold the heat in, making the burn worse.
Keep burned arms or legs raised to reduce swelling.
Get medical help for second-degree burns greater than 2 to 3 inches in diameter or for burns on the hands, face, penis, buttocks, or vaginal area.
For second-degree heat burns with open blisters, follow these steps:
Do not remove clothing if it is stuck to the burn.
Do not run water over the burn or use water on the bandage because it increases the risk of shock.
Cover the burn with a clean (sterile, if possible), dry, nonfluffy bandage, such as a gauze pad. Do not put tape on the burn.
For extensive second-degree burns that are more than 2 to 3 inches in diameter, see your doctor.
You will need extra fluids to replace the large quantities of fluids your body loses through the burned area. Your doctor may give you fluids intravenously (through a tube into your vein).
Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics because the burned skin can no longer protect your body from infection by airborne bacteria.
Your doctor will either lightly bandage the burned area with an antibacterial dressing or leave it unbandaged.
Your doctor will prescribe medicine to kill the pain.
Your doctor may recommend a skin graft to lessen scarring.
Your doctor may give you a tetanus booster.
For chemical burns, follow these steps:
Flush liquid chemicals from your skin thoroughly with running water for 15 to 30 minutes.
Remove any clothing and jewelry on which the chemical has spilled.
Brush dry chemicals off the skin if large amounts of water are not available. Small amounts of water will activate some chemicals. Be sure to keep the chemicals away from your eyes.
Cover the burn with a dry, loose bandage.
How do I take care of a burn?
After you have cleaned and bandaged the burn, leave it alone for at least 24 hours to allow the healing process to begin.
Preventing infection in the exposed skin is an important part of the treatment for second-degree burns. If you have been told to change your bandages, follow these procedures to help prevent infection:
Wash your hands carefully with soap and water.
Place the fresh bandage on a clean towel.
Take off the old bandage gently. Soak it off if it sticks to the burn.
Wash the burned area gently.
Check for any changes or worsening of the burned area, such as pus, swelling, or increased redness.
Apply a thin layer of antibiotic cream to the burn.
Cover with the clean bandage.
How long will it take a second-degree burn to heal?
Usually, second-degree burns heal in 10 days to 2 weeks. There may be few or no scars if the burn was not too extensive and if infection is prevented.
When should I call a doctor?
See your doctor immediately if you have any of the following:
fever
puslike drainage from the burned area
excessive swelling of the burned area
increased redness of the skin
numbness or coolness of the skin beyond the burned area on arms and legs
a blister filled with greenish or brownish fluid or one that becomes hot again or turns red
a burn that doesn't heal in 10 days to 2 weeks.
First Aid for Second-Degree Burns
What are second-degree burns?
Second-degree burns are more serious than first-degree burns because a deeper layer of skin is burned. They can more easily become infected. Also, if the burn affects more than 10% of your skin, you may go into shock because large quantities of fluid are lost from the burned area.
All second-degree burns greater than 2 to 3 inches in diameter should be treated by a medical professional. Smaller burns can usually be treated at home.
What causes second-degree burns?
Second-degree burns are usually caused by:
deep sunburn
exposure to flames
contact with hot liquids
burning gasoline or kerosene
contact with chemicals.
What are the symptoms of second-degree burns?
The skin is bright red and blotchy and has blisters. It usually looks wet because of the loss of fluid through the damaged skin.
Second-degree burns are often very painful.
What is the treatment?
The goals of treatment for second-degree burns are easing the pain and preventing infection.
For second-degree heat burns without open blisters, follow these steps:
Remove jewelry or tight clothing from the burned area before it begins to swell.
Flush the burn with cool running water or apply cold- water compresses (a wet towel or handkerchief) until the pain lessens. Do not use ice or ice water, which can cause more damage to the burned area.
Try not to break the blisters. If the blisters break, the exposed skin can become infected.
Cover the burn with a clean (sterile, if possible), dry, nonfluffy bandage such as a gauze pad. Do not put tape on the burn.
Do not put ointments, grease, petroleum jelly, butter, or home remedies on the burn. These substances can hold the heat in, making the burn worse.
Keep burned arms or legs raised to reduce swelling.
Get medical help for second-degree burns greater than 2 to 3 inches in diameter or for burns on the hands, face, penis, buttocks, or vaginal area.
For second-degree heat burns with open blisters, follow these steps:
Do not remove clothing if it is stuck to the burn.
Do not run water over the burn or use water on the bandage because it increases the risk of shock.
Cover the burn with a clean (sterile, if possible), dry, nonfluffy bandage, such as a gauze pad. Do not put tape on the burn.
For extensive second-degree burns that are more than 2 to 3 inches in diameter, see your doctor.
You will need extra fluids to replace the large quantities of fluids your body loses through the burned area. Your doctor may give you fluids intravenously (through a tube into your vein).
Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics because the burned skin can no longer protect your body from infection by airborne bacteria.
Your doctor will either lightly bandage the burned area with an antibacterial dressing or leave it unbandaged.
Your doctor will prescribe medicine to kill the pain.
Your doctor may recommend a skin graft to lessen scarring.
Your doctor may give you a tetanus booster.
For chemical burns, follow these steps:
Flush liquid chemicals from your skin thoroughly with running water for 15 to 30 minutes.
Remove any clothing and jewelry on which the chemical has spilled.
Brush dry chemicals off the skin if large amounts of water are not available. Small amounts of water will activate some chemicals. Be sure to keep the chemicals away from your eyes.
Cover the burn with a dry, loose bandage.
How do I take care of a burn?
After you have cleaned and bandaged the burn, leave it alone for at least 24 hours to allow the healing process to begin.
Preventing infection in the exposed skin is an important part of the treatment for second-degree burns. If you have been told to change your bandages, follow these procedures to help prevent infection:
Wash your hands carefully with soap and water.
Place the fresh bandage on a clean towel.
Take off the old bandage gently. Soak it off if it sticks to the burn.
Wash the burned area gently.
Check for any changes or worsening of the burned area, such as pus, swelling, or increased redness.
Apply a thin layer of antibiotic cream to the burn.
Cover with the clean bandage.
How long will it take a second-degree burn to heal?
Usually, second-degree burns heal in 10 days to 2 weeks. There may be few or no scars if the burn was not too extensive and if infection is prevented.
When should I call a doctor?
See your doctor immediately if you have any of the following:
fever
puslike drainage from the burned area
excessive swelling of the burned area
increased redness of the skin
numbness or coolness of the skin beyond the burned area on arms and legs
a blister filled with greenish or brownish fluid or one that becomes hot again or turns red
a burn that doesn't heal in 10 days to 2 weeks.
Module 5 Unit 5 “First Aid”教材分析
玉环县楚门中学高二备课组
张友光 盛敏华 翁玲萍 陈友祥 王永泉
课本内容分析
本单元的中心话题为“急救”，具体涉及一些紧急情况下应采取的急救措施，尤为详细地陈述了“烧伤”的急救常识，并通过一个真实的第一时间对被刺伤者进行急救的故事阐明急救的重要性。语言学习的词汇（词性转换与填词）和语法（省略）以急救为载体展开，内容与形式相辅相成，学生在了解急救常识的同时掌握了与急救相关的词汇和句子。
“热身”（Warming up）部分呈现了急救的定义，并要求学生讨论六幅画里出现的紧急情况及应采取的急救措施。
“读前”（Pre-reading）以图片带出“烧伤”的主题，要求学生讨论“烧伤”情境下应采取的急救措施。“读前”为“阅读”部分进行了预热和铺垫。
“阅读”（Reading）部分脉络清晰，介绍了皮肤的作用、烧伤的起因、烧伤的种类、烧伤的特征及应采取的急救措施。
“理解”（Comprehending）部分设置了四个与阅读相关的练习。首先是对课文内容的排序，其次是通过烧伤症状确定烧伤种类，再次是判断所采取的急救措施的正误，最后是与课文内容理解相关的问题。
“语言学习”（Learning about language）部分的“Discovering useful words and expressions”包括词性转换与填词练习，涉及的词汇均与单元主题“急救”相关；“Discovering useful structures”部分以与“急救”相关的句子呈现语法内容“省略”，操练的句子大多与“急救”相联系，并通过简化（划掉累赘部分）和还原（写出划掉词语）巩固学生对“省略”用法的掌握。
“语言运用”（Using language）部分包括读、讨论、听、说与写。阅读与讨论部分以一个真实的故事突出急救的重要性，并通过学生的自主讨论达到真正的领悟；听、说、写部分以急救常识训练学生的听、说、写技能。
“小结”（Summing up）部分要求学生对急救常识（包括烧伤急救）、词汇、省略及如何发出、书写指令进行自评，以明确已掌握的和未掌握好的。
“学习建议”（Learning tip）部分以本单元阅读文章的“First Aid Treatment”为例建议学生关注、研究真实文本。
练习册内容分析
练习册内容与单元话题内容密切相连，涉及急救常识，如拨打急救电话注意事项、如何进行呼吸抢救、家庭安全须知等等，以听、说、读、写不同的形式展开。语言练习部分的词汇和语法均围绕课文词汇和语法“省略”展开，中心突出，目标明确，形式多样。
“听”（Listening）部分以一则家庭急救在训练学生听力技能的同时使学生掌握在拨打急救电话时应注意的各事项。
“说”（Talking）部分要求学生同伴以“听”部分练习为基础编写并练习一则拨打急救电话的对话。
“单词和习语的运用”（Using words and expressions）部分以字谜、朗读、造句、填空、翻译等不同形式复习巩固本单元词汇。
“语法结构的运用”（Using structures）以简化与还原的形式练习操练本单元语法“省略”的内容。
“读的任务”（Reading task）部分以“家庭安全知识”的篇章练习学生的猜词、快速捕捉信息及综合阅读理解能力。
“听的任务”（Listening task）部分以“如何进行呼吸急救”训练学生“听”的技能，也使学生掌握了新的急救知识。
“说的任务”（Speaking task）部分为急救常识小测，有利于学生充分了解和掌握一些基本的急救知识。
“写的任务”（Writing task）部分以学生名义、书信的形式要求学校开出急救课程，是学生语言知识及急救常识的输出练习。
“项目”（Project）部分要求学生同伴对家庭急救和必具用品进行整理与说明。
“自我评价”（Checking yourself）与课文的“Summing up”相呼应，是学生对本单元所学内容的自我评价，并明确努力方向。
教学目标
1．语言知识
掌握词汇（单词41个，短语8个）、语法“省略”（Ellipsis）及功能（Giving instructions）并了解话题（“First Aid”& “Safety In The Home”）。
2．语言技能
以篇章的急救常识训练学生听、说、读、写、译的技能。
情感态度
通过单元内容学习，尤其是学生同伴活动与小组讨论，使学生意识到急救与安全在生活中的重要性，并愿意了解和掌握更多的急救常识。
学习策略
以学生同伴、小组活动培养学生交际策略；以学生课后查阅资料培养学生资源策略。
文化意识
通过对“John Janson”人物的认识，培养学生对“急救常识”正确的认识观。
教材重组与课时分配
按照课本内容，将课时分配如下：
课时1（Period 1）：“Warming Up, Pre-reading & Reading”
【说明】“Warming Up” 提供了六种紧急情况，“Pre-reading”围绕烫伤及应采用的相应的急救展开，“Reading”包括烧伤的种类及烫伤的急救措施等，因此将“Warming Up”、“Pre-reading”及“Reading”的部分内容整合为一课，使学生在第一课时对急救、烫伤及如何在一些紧急情况下进行急救有一个较为全面的深刻的认识。
课时2（Period 2）：“Using language: Reading & Discussion”
【说明】“Reading”为一个真实的第一时间对受刺伤者进行急救的故事，“Discussion”要求学生对2004年在吉林中百商厦发生的特大火灾中应采取的应急措施进行讨论。
课时3（Period 3）：“Learning about language”
【说明】本课内容包括单元重要词汇及语法（省略）内容的学习。
课时4（Period 4）：“Using language: Listening, Speaking & Writing; Assessment”
【说明】“Listening”提供了四种紧急情况，“Speaking”要求学生对四种情况应采用的急救进行讨论，“Writing”要求学生写出讨论的急救措施。整堂课在技能上训练学生听、说、写的能力。 “Assessment”在学生对写作进行自评的基础上对整个单元内容的掌握程度进行简要的自评。
教学设计（参考PPT.）
Teaching plan for
Period 1 “Warming up , Pre-reading & Reading”
Teaching aims:
1. To get the students to know more about first aid.
2. To activate and review the students’ knowledge of first aid procedure
3. To improve the students’ speaking and reading ability.
4. To enable the students to deal with emergency through discussion.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. Lead-in
Play a clip of Healing Hands
Then do a brainstorm.
What is first aid?
Do a quiz about First Aid.
Step 2 Warming up
Look at the pictures and tell what has happened in each picture.
Pair discussion
If you come across such kind of situation, what will you do to help them before the doctors arrive?
Step 3. Speaking （Pair work）
Discuss what happened in each picture and what kind of first aid should be given in these situations with some new words provided.
Step 3. Pre-reading
Talk about Picture 8
Raise two questions: What type of burn does the girl receive and what first aid should be given?
Step 4. Reading
Task 1: How many parts are the text and what are they?
Task 2: Read “Types of burns” and find out how many types and which layer of the skin each type affects.
There are _______ types of burns depending on which _______ are burned.
_______________ affect only the _____ layer and should feel better within _______________.
________________ affect both the _____ and the _______ layer. These burns are _______ and take ______________ to heal.
________________ affect all ______ layers and any ______ and ______ under the skin. They are very _______ injuries and the victim must get to a ________at once.
Task 3: Read “First aid treatment” and find out what treatment should be given to the little girl.
Step 4: Homework
First Aid for Second-Degree Burns
Write a short article about these following themes, according to the style of the passage.
Teaching plan for
Period 2“Using language: Reading & Discussion”
Teaching aims:
1. To learn some words and phrases like “present”、“put one’s hands on”and “make a difference”.
2. To read about John Janson and his heroic deed.
3. To improve the students’ reading and speaking abilities.
4. To raise the students’ awareness of staying calm and giving first aid in time of danger.
Teaching procedures:
Step1. Revision
Check the homework.
Step2. Reading
Understanding the title
Fast reading for the following questions:
Who is the heroic teenager?
What is the award?
Why does he receive the award?
Careful reading for the following two questions:
Who was Anne? What happened to her?
What first aid did John perform on Anne?
When checking the answers, the teacher will explain some key words and phrases and sentence patterns.
3. Talk about John Janson’s action.
4. Reading for the correct order.
Step 3. Discussion
On your way home, you suddenly hear a boy shouting “Help” in the river. Will you jump into the water to save him? If he is pulled out of water, will you give him some first aid and what first aid will you perform on him?
Step 4 Homework & Dismiss
Teaching plan for
Period 3 “Learning about language”
Teaching aims:
To learn and consolidate the usage of the key words and expressions.
To learn about word conversion.
To know kinds of ellipsis through the students’ discovery.
To practice ellipsis using the content of the reading passage.
To practice ellipsis through different contexts.
Teaching procedures:
Step1. Lead in
What is the most important in our life?
What is “first aid”?
Step 2. Discovering useful words and expressions
1. Discuss the two pictures and present words with different part of speech like “blood, bloody, bleed” and “burn, burnt”.
2. Fill in the blanks in the correct form.
While checking the answers, explain the usage of some words.
3. Choose the correct words and phrases to fill in the blanks, using their correct form.
Step 3. Discovering useful structures
1. Enjoy a flash about ellipsis and pay attention to the structure of the dialogue.
2. List the lines in the flash, and ask students whether there are some similarities between these sentences.
3. Discover different kinds of ellipsis through picture examples.
4. Practice ellipsis using the content of the reading passage.
5. “Discovering useful structures” 2
6. Practice taking out unnecessary words within a context.
7. “Discovering useful structures” 3
8. Practice including the missing words within a context
Step 4. Homework & Dismiss
Period 4 “Using language: Listening, Speaking & Writing; Assessment”
Teaching aims:
improve the students’ reading ability.
help the students to master the new words and expressions.
Let the students know more about first aid.
Step1 First aid quiz
What would you do in these situations ?
What could we do to prevent these accidents ?
Drowning
Check to see if he/she is breathing, Try to start his/her breathing
Never swim in deep water.
Traffic accident
Call for a doctor or an ambulance, Never pull her out of the car
Find enough people to lift the car safely and take her to hospital at once.
Look at both side when crossing the street.
Burns
Call 119 first and tell them the exact
Address on the phone.
If someone is badly burnt, we should call 120 to ask for an ambulance.
Never play with fire. Be careful with gas. Make sure that all the electric wires are safe.
Bleeding
Try to stop the bleeding, Press a handkerchief onto the bleeding point and hold it there.
Hold up the part of body which is bleeding if possible.
Cuts
Go to the hospital at once . Never pull it out of the cut.
If the cut is not serious, we can wash the area of cut, dry it and cover it with a piece of dry and clean cloth.
Choking
Make him/her spit by patting her/him on the back..
To avoid this, we shouldn’t talk or laugh when eating.
Step 2 Listening
The first aid teacher is testing her students’ knowledge of first aid. What topics does the teacher ask questions about? Circle the correct one.
2.. Look at these pictures. Match each picture with a topic listed in question 1 above.
3. In pairs, use the pictures above to help you give your partner first aid instructions for each situation. Then write down your first aid instructions for each situation.
What things at home can be dangerous ?
electrical equipment knives Electric fires hot water Poisons windows ladders
Task 2. Discussion:
How to prevent us from being injured at home ?
Electricity:
Make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can’t touch them.
Cooking
If a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.
Things in mouth:
Don’t leave small things on the floor or table which a baby can put in its mouth.
Poisons :
Don’t pour poisons into other containers, for example, empty bottles . keep them on a high shelf out of the reach of children.
What must you do if you are badly burnt?
Cool the area of skin at once . wash the area of skin under the cold tap of several minutes. Put a piece of dry clean cloth over the area of the burn.
How do you deal with a simple cut ?
Wash the area of the cut, dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth.
What should you do when a person is bitten by an animal ?
Wash the wound under cold running water, then see a doctor as soon as possible.
More advice
Gas fires : If you are using one of these, check that a window is open.
Water: Make sure that young children can not get close to pools, lakes and rivers by themselves
Ladders : Don’t use them on a wet floor. Get someone to hold the ladder for you. Don’t reach sideways while standing on a ladder. Get down first and move the ladder.
Additional advice
put away knives, forks, containers with hot water beyond the reach of children.
tell children not to play with matches, lighters. In short, tell them not to play with fire.
Don’t forget to phone 120 and 110 whenever necessary!
Task3 work in pairs.
Use the lists of dos and don’ts below to tell each other what you should and should not do.
Safety around the house
Dos
A . make sure that electric wires are safe and that children can’t reach them.
B. if a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.
C . make sure that everyone in your family knows how to call 110 and 120.
D. learn more about first aid.
Don’ts
Don’t put poisons into other containers, for example empty bottles.
Never leave small things a baby can put in its mouth on the floor or table.
Don’t play with electrical equipment.
Never use ladders on wet floor.
Step3 writing task
Imagine that you want your school to provide first aid course . In pairs, write a letter to your principal politely asking whether he or she could organize them.
Requirements:
Say why the first aid unit has been useful.
Say why you would like a first aid course.
Say what you want the principal to do.
课件20张PPT。using language: ReadingHomePre-ReadingWhile-readingPost-ReadingLanguage TipsHeroic Teenager Receives AwardLook at the form of the article. What type of writing can it be?
a novel
B. a research paper
C. a student’s composition
D. a newspaper report Read the headline and the first paragraph.DamageGuess: What’s the story about by reading the title ?Heroic Teenager Receives Award1)?Who is the heroic teenager?2)?What is the award?3) Where and when was he awarded?4)?Why does he receive the award? skimmingA 17-year-old teenager, John Janson.He was honored at the Lifesaver Awards.In Rivertown last night.For carrying out first aid on a neighbor after a knife attack.(para 1)careful readingWho was Anne? What happened to her?His neighbour, a mother of three.
Had been stabbed repeatedly…
Bleeding heavily..
Her hands had almost been cut offcareful readingWhat first aid did John perform on Anne?John _________ Ms Slade’s injuries with ____________;
and then he ________________ to the wounds to ___________________. dressed tea towelsapplied pressure slow the bleedingThe attacker ran away.
Anne was attacked and started to run away.
John performed first aid on Anne.
John was studying in his house.
The ambulance arrived.
John ran outside with his father.
John found Anne in her garden with terrible knife wounds.Read the article again and then put these events in the order that they happened.1246375Retell: Work in pairs.
Retell the story in your own words.Do you think John was silly or brave to get involved in the situation? Give reasons.Some possibilities:
The attacker was still at the scene of stabbing.
The attacker left but returned later.
The woman had AIDS.
John had performed first aid on the woman but she died anyway.Discussion What do you think of John’s action? Give at least 3 adj. brave
heroic
quick-thinking
helpful
selflessDiscussion fearless
confident
kind-hearted
…On your way home, you suddenly hear a boy shouting “Help” in the river. Will you jump into the water to save him? If he is pulled out of water, will you give him some first aid and what first aid will you perform on him?Discuss what you will do in the following situation.Group work: Language points:1.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognised the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.be presented with sth:be given withWhich 引导一个定语从句Who引导一个定语从句1(Para2): John was presented with his award … …
present n.礼物 ;目前 adj.在场，出席，当前的
v.颁发，授予，赠送
present sth． to sb.
present sb． with sth把某物赠送某人Eg. They presented flowers to their teacher.He presented a gold cup to the winner. adj
n.present situation= gift出席的/当前的礼物2(Para4):but when nobody could put their hands on any … put one’s hand(s) on常用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中，意为“找到，得到”。eg, I’m afraid I can’t put my hand(s) on the book you want.恐怕我一时找不到你想要的那本书。3). dress up (as)
be dressed in We ___________ naughty girls to take part in the game.
We ___________ for the wedding.
The lady ______________white/a white coat. 盛装打扮(成---)
穿着--- (颜色)dressed up as dressed upis dressed in３(Para4): John used these to dress the… injuries
dress:1). clean and bandage (a wound)包扎eg. Tom had to return to the camp to dress his injuries. 2).给…穿衣服 dress sb./oneselfHe is old enough to dress himself4. There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking
and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.There is no doubt that he can recite it.
= I do not doubt that he can recite it .我相信他能把它背下来We have no doubt of his ability.5(Para6): It shows that a knowledge of first aid can
make a real difference.Make a(some/no/any/not much/a great deal of) difference Changing schools____________________ to my life. 转学对我的一生有着重大影响.
It ______________________ to me what you say: I’m not going. 对我来说你说什么都无所谓,反正我不去.
The rain didn’t ____________________to the game. 这场雨对比赛没多大影响.产生差别/有影响/起重要作用有(一些/没有/任何/不太大的/很大的) 重要性.make much differencemakes no differencemade a big difference Useful expressions1 at the Lifesaver Awards 在救生员颁奖大会
2 at a ceremony 在颁奖大会
3 carry out …on sb 对某人实施….
4 lifesaving first aid 紧急抢救
5 a shocking knife attack骇人听闻的持刀杀人
6 present sb with sth=present sth to sb 赠送
7 put one’s hands on =find 找到
8 the injury to the hand/ arm/ leg..手上的伤口
9 apply pressure to the wound 按住伤口
10 quick thinking 敏捷的思维
11 make a difference 产生差别
Exercises:
______________ flowers were bought yesterday.
______________ flowers bought yesterday was large.
A A number of B The number of
Dress put on wear have on
1)Immediately after his wound was________ , he went to work.
2)He ______ his clothes, went downstairs and disappeared.
3)He is old enough to _____ himself.
4)He is _____________a blue shirt.
3.Having a good teacher has______ for the naughty Alex.
A made a point B made a difference
C made a sense D made a progress
4.He works so hard that there’s ___ that he will succeed
in the contest.
A no wonder B no doubt C no way D no need
ABBBdressedput ondresswearingHomework Find more articles about first aid.
Use the information you find to write a piece of instruction about first aid. Please add a title.课件34张PPT。M5U5 First AidMade by Truman High School
张友光 盛敏华 翁玲萍 陈友祥 王永泉楚门中学Unit 5First Aid What words can you think of when you talk about accidents and first aid?BrainstormingAccident
fall illbleedchoke bitesprain ankle burn/ catch firewound poisonelectric shock… …What is first aid? help , fall ill , injured , quickly _______ is the first kind of ____ given to someone who suddenly ______ or gets ______ before a doctor can be found. Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid ______ will save one’s life.First aidhelpfalls illinjuredquickly！But ….According to Chinese Communication Ministry, there were 760,327 traffic accidents in China last year, resulting in 106,367 deaths. 71.16% of the deaths were due to the lack of timely first aid.First aid is important for the victims (受害者）, and necessary for us to learn about.Quiz
How much do you know about First Aid ? If a person loses one third of his / her blood, he / she may die.2. In a car accident, we should try to get the wounded out of the car first.3. If one stops his / her breath about 4 – 5 minutes, his / her brain will be damaged. 4. Scratches(抓伤) from a family pet can’t carry disease.√×√×5. What should we do if we find a person whose leg is bleeding?
A. Tie a piece of cloth round the leg above the bleeding point.
B. Press firmly on the bleeding point using a clean handkerchief.
√6. What would you do if you find a person with a knife in his back / arm?
A. leave the knife in
B. pull the knife out√110
119
120Are you familiar with the following numbers?Police departmentFire departmentMedical emergency(急救) centreDiscuss in groups
with the materialsWarming upHow To Stop Bleeding first you have to …
then … next…
lay …down
raise…
apply pressure to ….
put bandage (绷带) on…How To Stop Bleeding
First ---
Second ---
Third ---lay the person down, with the head slightly lower than the leg .
raise (举起) the person's legs above the level of the heart to reduce the blood flow.
put a bandage on the wound and apply pressure (用力压) to reduce the bleeding.put a bandage
apply pressure to …. raise the leg
reducelay …down
the head lower than …How to Treat Sprained Anklesit down…
raise …
reduce swelling
put bandage around…
apply ice pack to reduce…
How To Treat Sprained Ankle
First ---
Second ---
Third ---have the victim sit down and raise the foot.
put a bandage around the foot and ankle.
put an ice pack on the ankle to reduce the swelling. put an ice packput a bandagesit down
raiseA snake has bitten him on the leg.Lay the person down and keep him still.
Do not wash the venom（毒液） off the skin.
Apply pressure to the bitten part with your
hands. Do not move him until the doctor comes.a snake biteShe is choking on a piece of food.chokingBend her forward and give her four quick,
hard slaps between the shoulder blades （肩胛）
with hand.She has broken her arm.a broken armDo not move the broken bone if possible.
Keep the arm still using a bandage.
Call for help immediately.His nose is bleeding. He has a bloody nose. a bloody noseSit down and bend forward slightly.
Squeeze his nose just below the bridge (鼻梁)
until the bleeding stops.Useful Words & Expressions1. Snake bite: lay down / squeeze out venom(毒液) / bandage …
2. Choking: bend … forward
3. A broken arm: don’t move/ keep … still
4. A bloody nose: sit down / tilt(使倾斜/翘起) head forward slightly/pinch(捏/掐) the nose…
First you have to … Then … Next …
You should (not)… You must (never)…
Make sure that… Never…
Please don’t…What is happening in the picture?Skimming
How many parts are the text and what are they?51.The purpose of skin2.Cause of burns3.Types of burns4.Symptoms of burns5.First aid treatment ___ the three types of burns
___ what to do if someone gets burned
___ the purpose of skin
___ the characteristics of burns
___ how we get burns③⑤①④②ScanningRead part 1- 3. Then answer the following questions.
Part 1What can skin do for our body ?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________1. Protect you against diseases, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.2. Keep you warm or cool 3. Prevent you from losing water4. Give you sense of touchYou can get burnt by :
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________Part 2hot liquids
steam
fire
radiation
the sun
electricity and chemicals Causes of burns Part 3 Types of burns There are _______ types of burns depending on
which _______ are burned.
_______________ affect only the _____ layer and
should feel better within _______________.
________________ affect both the _____ and the
_______ layer. These burns are _______ and take
______________ to heal.
________________ affect all ______ layers and
any ______ and ______ under the skin. They are very
_______ injuries and the victim must get to a ________
at once. threelayersFirst degree burnstopa day or twoSecond degree burnstopsecondseriousa few weeksThird degree burnsthreetissueorgansseverehospitalTypes of burns Types of burns
Characteristics
BACExtremely
painfulMildly swollenTissue under
them often
can be seen.Read part 4second degree burnfirst degree burn third degree burnIIIIII________ clothing and jewelry near the burns.
______ the burns with cool water.
______ cool, clean wet cloths on the burns.
______ the burned area gently.
______ the burned area with a dry clean bandage.
______ the burned area ______ than the heart, if possible.
______ the victim ____the doctor or hospital, if possible.Listen to part 5 TreatmentTake offCool Place Dry Cover Keep higherGet toOur skin has three layers.
We will never get burned by the sun.
Burns are divided into three degrees according to the degree of pain.
Third degree burns are the most serious and painful.
Put cold water on any burns to cool them.
Don’t rub the burns
It’s better that you put some butter or oil on burns.√××××√×Task I
First Aid for Second-Degree Burns What are second-degree burns?
What causes second-degree burns?
What are the symptoms of second-degree burns?
What is the treatment?
How long will it take a second-degree burn to heal? Task II
Write a short article about these following themes, according to the style of the passage.课件39张PPT。Unit 5 First Aid
Learning about languageWhat is the most important in our life?housemoneycarjoblifeSo, learning about first aid is important and necessary.Life is precious.
However,
life is also weak!What is “first aid”?First aid is the kind of aid that is given to
the injured person or the one who
____________.falls illWhat has happened
to them ?Her nose is bleeding .She has a bloody nose.bleedv.bloodn.bloodyadj.He has got burnt .Maybe he receives a serious burn .burnv./nburntadj.You will be ________ if you are bitten by a ___________ snake. (poison)
2. The coffee is very hot. Don’t ________your mouth. Or you will receive serious ________.(burn)
3.Wood often ________ when wet. The river was _________with melted snow. (swell)
4. The solider was _________ in the battle. Fortunately, the _______ was not so serious. (wound)
5. The storm did great _______ to the village
and all the crops were _________.(damage)
6. _______ with the disease, many people got frightened by the _________. (infect)
7. Tom received a slight _______ while many other people got __________ in the accident. (injure)Fill in the blanks in the correct form .You will be ________ if you are bitten by a ___________ snake.(poison)
2. The coffee is very hot. Don’t ________your mouth, or you will receive serious
________.(burn)
3.Wood often ________ when wet. The river was _________with melted snow. (swell)
Fill in the blanks in the correct form .poisonedpoisonousswellsswollenburnburns4. The solider was _________ in the battle. Fortunately, the _______ was not so serious. (wound)
5. The storm did great _______ to the village
and all the crops were _________.(damage)
6. _______ with the disease, many people got frightened by the _________. (infect)
7. Tom received a slight _______ while many other people got __________ in the accident. (injure)woundedwounddamagedamagedInfectedinjuryinjured infectionWhat happened to Jack? One day Jack ____________and drove to hospital.
On the way , the engine got _____ . As a result, his skin, the largest body ______, was black and
white and charred _______. Not knowing they were
the _____________ of third degree burns,
he cooled the burns with icy water. The _________ didn’t work. Luckily, the doctor arrived in time. He _______the burned area with a dry , clean cloth, then hold the bandage___________ with tape. This way Jack learnt some knowledge of ____________.fell illburned organswollensymptomscovered treatmentin place first aid treatment symptoms organ burn cover swell fall ill in place first aidLet’s enjoy a flash.(It) Looks like rain.
Hi. (It is) Nice to see you again.
(Have you) Forgotten my name?
(You can ) Just call me Peter.
I’m a doctor and my wife (is) a wife.
I’m not as strong as I was (strong).
What a beautiful umbrella (it is). (若打不开flash, 请先安装flash软件)The teacher states correct sentences and good sentences.he must In order to avoid marriage, she says that any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or die.What is Ellipsis? Some words can be left out when we do not want to repeat them. This is called ellipsis.● Generally speaking, any part of the sentence can be omitted as long as the meaning is clear and not confusing. ( You )open the door. Please! ---Would you like to watch NBA ?
---(It ) sounds like a good idea.1、Omitting the Subject（主语）(1) (I) Thank you for your help.
(2) (I) haven’t seen you for ages.
(3) (It) Doesn’t matter.2、Omitting the Predicative（表语） –Is he a teacher ?
--Yes, he is (a teacher ).(2) His sister isn’t lazy,
nor is his brother (lazy). －Will Liuxiang win the first prize in the 2008 Olympic Games ?
－Sorry, I don’t know (whether he will win the first prize in the 2008 Olympic Games or not). 3. Omitting the Object（宾语） --- Do you think it will rain ?
--- I think not .
(I don’t think it will rain ) --- Do you think it will rain ?
--- I think so .
(that it will rain )1) How so? Why so?
2) Is that so? I hope so.
3) I suppose/believe/hope not. 1 –Are you going to Tibet?
--Yes, I’d like to (go there).2 --- Have you ever been to the
seaside?
--- No. I should have (been to
the seaside), but I was busy
then. “To do” as the Object
3. ---Is he a painter?
---Yes, he is (a painter).
---Are you a painter?
---No, but I want to be
(a painter ). (There is) No smoking .(2) (Come in )
This way , please.
4. Omitting the Predicate（谓语）and part of it5. Omitting the Subject（主语） & Predicate（谓语） or part of them( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (2) (Will you) Have a smoke / a cup of tea? （３） What a wonderful time( we had)!While ( you are ) crossing the
road, you must be careful.
(2) If ( it is) heated , the water
becomes steam.
If you are careless , maybe you will get burnt.Causes of burns:
________ _____ _____ _______ ______ ________ and ________
chemicalselectricitythe sunradiationfirehot liquidssteam You can get burned by hot liquids and you
can get burned by steam. You can get burned by _________ and _____. hot liquids steamHow many types of burns do you know ?ABC Burns are called first degree burns,
second degree burns or third degree
burns. Burns are called first degree,
second degree or third degree
burns.AFirst degree burns are not serious and should
be better within a day or two days.First degree burns are not serious and should
be better within __ ___ ___ ___ . a day or twoAFirst degree burns turn white when they
are pressedFirst degree burns turn white
when________.pressedBSecond degree burns affect both ______ and
_______layer of the skin. Second degree burns affect both the
top layer and the second layer of the skin. the top second If burns are on arms or legs , keep them
higher, if it is possible. If burns are on arms or legs , keep them
higher, if ________.possible.Practice: “Discovering useful structures” 2 The burn she got from the iron was red
and very painful. 2. A boy was on the left side of the sick
woman, and a girl on the right.3. She has a daughter in hospital.4. He went to the doctor because he had to.5. Did she pass the first aid test she did
yesterday or not?6. She could not decide whether to send
him to hospital or not.7. When your nose is bleeding, bend forward
so that the blood runs out of your nose and
not down your throat.8. Only some of the students have done a first
aid course but most haven’t. N: Can I help you ?
M: Yes. This is my daughter Jill. She’s two years old
and She has drunk some ink.
N: She has drunk some ink ? When did this happen?
M: It happened about half an hour ago.
N: Did you give her any first aid?
M: No, I didn’t give her any first aid.
N: Have you got the bottle with you ?
M: Yes, I have got the bottle with me . Here it is.
N: How much did she drink ?
M: Sorry, I don’t know (how much she drank) ,because
the bottle was almost empty.
N: Right. You follow me to the doctor, Please!
M: Yes, I’d like to follow you to the doctor.
N: You come this way, please.
M: I thank for your help.
N: It doesn’t matter. N: Can I help you ?
M: Yes. This is my daughter Jill. She’s two years old
and She has drunk some ink.
N: She has drunk some ink ? When did this happen?
M: It happened about half an hour ago.
N: Did you give her any first aid?
M: No, I didn’t give her any first aid.
N: Have you got the bottle with you ?
M: Yes, I have got the bottle with me . Here it is.
N: How much did she drink ?
M: Sorry, I don’t know (how much she drank) ,because
the bottle was almost empty.
N: Right. You follow me to the doctor, Please!
M: Yes, I’d like to follow you to the doctor.
N: You come this way, please.
M: I thank for your help.
N: It doesn’t matter. N: Can I help you ?
M: Yes. This is my daughter Jill. She’s two years old
and has drunk some ink.
N: Some ink ? When did this happen?
M: About half an hour ago.
N: Did you give her any first aid?
M: No, I didn’t.
N: Have you got the bottle with you ?
M: Yes, I have. Here it is.
N: How much did she drink ?
M: Sorry, I don’t know, because
the bottle was almost empty.
N: Right. Follow me to the doctor, Please!
M: Yes, I’d like to.
N: Come this way, please.
M: Thank for your help.
N: Doesn’t matter.The cottage which is surrounded by a wall
belongs to the local government.2. The first book that I read this term was more
interesting than the second book that I read
this term.3. To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her
first aid exam than she was expected to do.Practice: “Discovering useful structures” 3 5. He wanted to help the accident victim but his
friend didn’t want to help the accident victim.6. You can borrow my first aid notes if you want
to borrow my first aid notes.4. I don’t know they have returned from the
hospital, but they might have returned from
the hospital. The first aid exam was approaching. Interested in first aid, John went to the school library to search for books in this field. He read two of them. The first book he read was more useful than the second. The librarian told him that he could borrow both of them if he wanted to. John went over all the knowledge about first aid while his classmates didn’t. To his mother’s delight, he did better in his first aid exam than expected.The following passage is correct. However some words have been left out. Rewrite the passage to include the missing words.The first aid exam was approaching. (Because he was) interested in first aid, John went to the school library to search for books in this field. He read two (books) of them. The first book he read was more useful than the second (book that he read) . The librarian told him that he could borrow both of them if he wanted to (borrow them). John went over the knowledge about first aid while his classmates didn’t (go over the knowledge about first aid). To his mother’s delight, he did better in his first aid exam than (he was) expected (to do).HOMEWORKPP. 70-71 “Using words and expressions”
1 / 3 / 4
2. P.71 “Using structures” 1 / 2
