book6 unit 4 Grammar item : the use of it

课件65张PPT。It的用法
与
强调句一. 指代某人的身份或情况【经典试题】
I have always been honest and straightforward,
and it doesn`t matter ___ I`m talking to.(2004广东)
A. who is it B. who it is
C. it is who D. it is whom
析:选B。主要考查宾语从句的语序。此处it用于说明某人 的身份。
【命题思路】命题人考查it的这个用法，通常会结合
一些 名词性从句的语序或其他代词作比较，要求考
生熟练掌握此用法。
【知识要点小结】
说明某人的身份或情况时，it可以指人。
(1) –Who`s that?
--It`s John.
(2) A tall man stood up and walked towards me.
It was Captain Smith. 【知识要点小结】
it可以用来表示时间、天气、温度、日期以及现在的情形。

It can be very warm in September.

It`s three miles to the nearest shop.

It`s terrible—I`ve got so much work I don`t know where to start.

Isn`t it lovely here!Exx.
E.g.
I was disappointed with the film. I had
expected ____to be much better.
Tom’s mother kept telling him that he
should work harder but ____didn’t help.???1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句所表
示的事物。 it it Exx.
The baby cried because___ was hungry.
??? --- Who is making such a noise????
? --- ____must be the children.
Her new baby is tiny. ___ only weights
2 kilos.
?2、在特定的环境中，it也可以指人，如指婴儿、
性别不祥或身份不明的人时。 itItIt. ---Listen! Someone is unlocking the door.
--- _____ must be your father coming back from Beijing.It二、用于表示时间、天气、温度、日期和现在的情形【经典试题】
1. –Do you like ___ here?
--Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(2004)
A. this B. these C. that D. it
2. ___ is a long way from my house to the university.
A. It B. There C. This D. That
析：1. 选D。it在此处指代整个环境。
2. 选A。it在此处表示距离。
【命题思路】命题人往往将it和其他代词如this / that / these / those进行比较，要求考生掌握此类用法。表示时间的句型【经典试题】
--He was nearly drowned once.
--When was ___?
-- ___ was in 1998 when he was in middle school. (2002北京)
A. that; It B. this; This
C. this; It D. that; This
析:选A。that指代上文“他曾经差点被淹死”那件事,
it表示时间。
【命题思路】命题人通常会结合一些 it 用来表示时间的句型来考查其用法。辩析 it , one , this 和 that 【经典试题】
Cars do cause us some health problems– in fact far more serious ___ than mobile phones do.(2005江西)
A. one B. ones C. it D. those
析: 选B。one指代前面的复数名词 health problems。one只能指代单数的可数名词而且是指代同类的事物;
it只能指代上文提到的同一个事物; those指代特定的复数名词。
【命题思路】
命题人通常通过辩析 it, one, this, that , these, those等代词来考查it的用法。
【知识要点小结】
辩析: it 指代上文出现的同一个事物,既可指代可数名词
又可指代不可数名词, 而one指代上文的同一类事物,且
只能指代可数名词。this / that / these / those清楚地
泛指上文提到的事物或事实。
it 指代男性或女性以外的 任何事物。如物体、地方、
组织或抽象概念。it也可用来指代婴儿。
1. I`ve bought Murdoch`s new book. It`s a very long novel.
2. –Have you been to London?
--Yes, it was very crowded.
3. How Lisa loved the baby! And how Tom hated it!【知识要点小结】
表示时间常见的句型有:
1. It + be +时间短语+ when…说明某事发生的时间。
It was 11 o`clock at night when 16 armed men
came to my house.
2. It + be +时间短语+ since…说明某事发生在多久以前。
It`s 10 years since I had a good drink.

It`s three months since I graduated from the university.
3. It + be +时间短语+ before… 说明一件事与另一
件事的间隔。

It was not long before he returned from the
United States.

It will be two years before Beijing holds the
2008 Olympic Games.

It was four minutes before half-time.
??Exx. ??---- Do you still have the bicycle?????????
?---- No, I have sold___.
???????? ---- Is this knife yours?????????
?---- No. ____is Xiao Zhang’s.
Mine is the _____on the desk.it与one的区别： it 指代上文出现的同一个事物,
既可指代可数名词又可指代不可数名词, 而one指代上
文的同一类事物,且只能指代可数名词。itItoneI bought a dictionary three years ago
and I am still using ____now.

I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _____soon.itone. ---Have you written a letter to her ?
--- No , but I’m going to write _____ tonight.oneOur food and service are better than _____
used to be.theyThe TV sets made in China are much
better than ______ in Japan.those.---I’m looking for a flat.
---Would you like _______ with a garden?oneThe finger I put into my mouth was not
_________I had dipped into the cup.
2. I need a bike. Lend me_____.
3. I want to use your bike. Could you lend
____to me?
4. The study of idioms is as important as _____of
grammar.
5.----Do you have a camera?
-----No, but Tom has___. He bouhgt __a week age.
6. when you see two spoons, the big____, is for
the soup and the small ______for the dessert.
7. The knife and fork that are closest to
your plate are a little bit bigger than
______beside them.the oneoneitthatoneitoneonethe onesExx. The climate of South China is mild（温和的）， I like____ very much.
（it指the climate of South China）
The climate of South China is much better than _______of Japan.
（that指the climate）it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，
但that指同一类，并非同一个。 it that So she decided to paint the door pink. It
upset the neighbors a bit.
So she decided to paint the house pink.
That really upset the neighbors, as you
can imagine.更强调对比：We keep the piano in the spare room. ____is mainly used by the children.
We keep the piano in the spare room. ________is mainly used by the students. It(指 the piano)This/That(指the spare room)三.用作形式主语或宾语【经典试题】
1. The chairman thought ___ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (2005
全国卷)
A. that B. it C. this D. him
2. I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004全国卷)
A. this B. that C. it D. one
析: 1.选B。it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
2.选C。It 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是when引导的宾语从句。 【命题思路】命题人经常考查it作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,尤其是一些及物动词后面接it作形式宾语,再接一个真
正的宾语从句,这种用法很多考生觉得比较陌生,因此容易失分。
【知识要点小结】
1.it作形式主语。
(1).当句子的主语是动词不定式或 that 引导的主语从句时,通
常不放在句首,而是用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语放在后面 。
It`s not easy to get him to change his mind.
It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.
(2) 除 that 引导的从句外,别的从句也可以放在句子后面,用 it 作形式主语。
It`s surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.
(3) it 也可用作-ing形式短语的先行主语。
Is it worth reading this book?
It`s no use trying to explain –I`m not interested.
(4) it 用来引导if, as if和as though的某些句子。
It looks as if we`re going to have trouble with Mrs. Jenkins.
It`s not as if this was the first time she`s been difficult.It is difficult to translate this article.常用的形容词有：
① important， necessary， natural
② easy ， safe ， common ， normal ，
hard ，dangerous ， unusual， rare ，
impossible ， pleasant等。 　 It is no use going there so early.??常用的名词有：
no good, no use, hard work,
a nuisance, a waste of time,
a great honour形容词（obvious, natural, surpri-
sing, good, wonderful, funny, possible,
likely, certain, probable, etc.)b. 名词（ no wonder, an honor,
a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc. )
（注意：虚拟语气与陈述语气）c. （ said, reported, thought,
expected, decided, announced, arranged,
etc.) 过去分词It is strange that he did not come at all. ★2.it可代替动名词表示的真正主语。 It's no use crying over spilt milk.
It's no good taking in much fat and sugar.
It’s dangerous playing with fire.
It’s worthwhile making such an experiment.
… …( no good no use no fun useless
worthwhile a waste of time dangerous )注意：以下结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。其句型为：
(1) It is suggested/ ordered/ proposed/ required/ demanded/requested/ insisted that sb. (should) do 
(2) It is important/ necessary/ natural/strange that sb.(should) do 
(3) It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder that sb.(should) doThe foreign Minister said, “____ our hope
that the two sides will work towards peace.”
( 2004，北京卷 ）（ ）
This is B. There is
C. That is D. It isHave a try !D?E.g. 1.I don’t think it possible to master a foreign
language without much memory work.
?2.She thought it no use telling him about that.
?3.We thought it strange that Mr. Smith didn’t
come last night.
4.They kept it quiet that he was dead.
5.We must make it clear to the public that
something should be done to stop pollution.1）当宾语是不定式、Ving形式或宾语从句，且
其后有宾语补足语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，
通常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语置于句末。 2. it作形式宾语。
当句子的宾语是动词不定式或 that从句, 而且接了形容词作宾语补足语时,往往用 it 作形式宾语。
I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious.
She made it clear that she disagreed.
3. it作某些及物动词的宾语。
某些及物动词如enjoy, like, hate, prefer等,若要接宾语从句,往往要加上it作形式宾语。it无实际意义,完全是英文句法结构的需要。
I like it when my son kisses me.
I enjoy it when the sun shines.
I hate it when it often rains.
I take it for granted that I`ll pass the driving test.Exx.
I hate ___when people talk with their
mouths full.
You may depend on ___that they will
support you.2）某些及物动词或短语不能直接加宾语从句，
此时须先用作形式宾语，然后接宾语从句。此
种用法的动词有：like, dislike, hate, appreciate,
depend on等。it it It 在作引导词时，常用来代替不定式，动名词或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语。It’s not easy _______(学习) English well.It’s no good _____(copy)others’ homework.I found it difficult ________（解释）to him what happened.George made it clear _____he disagreed.to learncopyingto explainthat四.结合定语从句【经典试题】
The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take
a holiday, but ___ didn`t help. (2005全国卷)
A. It B. she C. which D. he
析: 选A。抓住关键词but去分析。but是并列连词,用来连接两个并列的分句,it指代前一个分句。此题有些考生可能受思维定势的影响,会误选C。若去掉but,此题就应选which, which引导一个非限制性定语从句。
【命题思路】
命题人往往结合定语从来考查it的此类用法。 【知识要点小结】
若题干中没有并列连词but, and等,就可用关系代词which来指代前面整个句子。若出现并列连词,就可用it来指代前一个分句。
The boy failed in the English exam, which made his mother very angry.
= The boy failed in the English exam and it made his mother very angry.
五、固定句型【经典试题】
He hasn`t slept at all for three days. ___ he is tired out.
A. There is no point B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
析：选C。在这里 It is no wonder = That`s why,表示“难怪” 。
【命题思路】
命题人通过几个易混句型来考查含it的固定句型。 【知识要点小结】
1. It / There is no use (in) doing sth.
做某事没有用。
It / There is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
2. It is no wonder that… 难怪……。
Tom is always working hard at his lessons. It is no wonder that he does very well in his exams.
注意以下各种固定句型：It takes / took / will take sb. some time to do sth.
It looks / looked as if ...
It seems / seemed that ...
It + appears + that clause
It (so) happened that ... 碰巧……
It turns / turned out that... 原来是…
It is said / reported / believed / hoped / well known / suggested ... that... It occurred to sb. that ... 某人想起……
It was / is / will be + 一段时间 + before ...
It is / was / has been / had been + 一段时间 + since ... 六.用于固定短语中【经典试题】
--I`d like to take a week`s holiday.
-- ___, we`re too busy.
A. Don`t worry B. Don`t mention it
C. Forget it D. Pardon me
析：选C。forget it表示“没关系、别在意、算了吧”。
【命题思路】
命题人往往利用情景交际的语境来考查一些含有it
的固定短语。【知识要点小结】
1.make it: 办成、做到、赶到
--Shall we meet next week?
--Yes, let`s make it next week.
2. watch it: 当心、注意
--It is raining hard, watch your steps, or you will fall over.
--Thank you, I will watch it.
3. go for it: 赶快干、加把劲、尽量争取
Go for it, otherwise, we can`t finish it before dark.
4. it depends:取决于……，看情况
--How long are you staying?
--I don`t know. It depends.homeworks:你有必要参加会议。（necessary）
她竟然这么说真令人惊讶。(surprising)
两天完成这项工作不是很容易。(easy)
我发现学英语很有趣。(find)
他认为帮助穷人是他的职责。(feel)
看来似乎没有人知道发生了什么事。(seem)homeworks:你有必要参加会议。（necessary）
这样做是不对的。(no good)
两天完成这项工作不是很容易。(easy)
It’s necessary that you should be
present at the meeting.It is no good doing that .It is not easy to finish the work in two days.homeworks:
我发现戒烟很难。(find)
他认为告诉老师是没用的。(think)
我想很奇怪他今天没有来。（think）I found it very difficult to quit smoking.She thought it no use telling him about that.I thought it strange that Mr. Smith didn’t
come last nightI like it in the spring when the leafs turn
green.It ‘s high time that we had lunch.
=it’s high time for us to have lunch七、用于强调句型【经典试题】
Why! I have nothing to confess. ___ you want me
to say? (2004上海)
A. What is it that B. What it is that
C. How is it that D. How it is that
析：此题主要考查强调句型的特殊疑问句，强调what, what实际上是作say的宾语。这个强调句是由特殊疑问句What do you want me to say?转变过来的。故选A。
【命题思路】
命题人通常会结合强调句型来考查it的应用法，尤其是强调句型的各种变形，如它的特殊疑问句、一般疑问句等。
3. It 用于强调结构，强调除谓语以外的任何一个句子成分。
He gave me a film ticket at school yesterday.It was he that/ who gave me a film ticket at school yesterday.It was yesterday that ( 不用 when ) he gave me a film ticket at school.It was a film ticket that he gave me at school yesterday.
It was at school that( 不用where ) he gave me a film ticket.【知识要点小结】
强调句的特殊疑问句形式为:
特殊疑问词(What / How / Where / Who / When…) + is / was + that +句子剩余部分?
When was it that he received the news that his lost daughter had been found?
强调句的一般疑问句形式为:
Is / Was it +被强调部分+ that +句子剩余部分?
Was it in the street that you met with one of your old friends yesterday?1)He didn’t come because he was ill.It was because he was ill that he didn’t come.2) She didn’t go to bed until her father came back.It was until her father came back that she didn’t go to bed.Not until her father came back did she go to bed.It was not until her father came back that she went to bed.It?was?five?o'clock?in?the?afternoon?_____?they?climbed?up?to?the?top
?of?the?mountain.
It?was?at?five?o‘clock?in?the?afternoon?_____?they?climbed?up?to?the
?top?of?the?mountain．
A．since????B．when?????C．that????D．until???
当强调的成分是表示时间或地点的介词短语时，如果去掉介词，
句型会发生根本变化。
BCIt is/ was … that 强调句型的被强调部分如果是原因状语从句，只能由because 引导。It was because the water had risen that they couldn’t cross the river.注意not…until 句型的变化She didn’t remember the date until she had arrived home.It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered the date.Not until she had arrived home did she remember the date.巩固练习 1. I prefer a flat in Inverness to ___ in Perth, because I want to live near my mom`s.
A. the one B. ones C. it D. this
2. I`m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ___ in the city.
B. ones B. one C. that D. it
3. I hate ___ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. one C. them D. that
4. It was only with the help of the local guide ___.
A. was the mountain climber rescued
B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber was rescued
D. then the mountain climber was rescued 5. I think ___ best that you should stay here.
A. that B. what C. it D. this
6. She found ___ difficult to hear when what he said.
A. her B. she C. that D. it
7. ___ is over 200 miles from London to Manchester.
A. This B. That C. It D. There
8. Does ___ matter whether he can finish the job on time?
A. it B. that C. this D. he
9. It was in the bookstore ___ I met your brother the other day.
A. where B. that C. in which D. in that注意 it 对关系代词的干扰____ is known to everybody, the moon travels
Round the earth once every month.
(NMET 2001) ( )
A. It B. As C. That D. What试比较：
It is known to everybody that the moon…Carol said the work would be done by Octo-
ber, ____ personally I doubt very much.
(NMET, 1999 ) ( )
A.it B. that C.when D. whichBD2. It 作形式宾语，真正宾语放在宾语补足语
后面，真正宾语通常为不定式，动名词，
宾语从句。He felt it his duty to help others.
They thought it no good doing that.
I hate _____ when people talk with their
mouths full. ( NMET 1998 ) ( )
A. It B. that C. these D.themAIt 对代词 的干扰：We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.
So Peter made ____ from some wood.( 2004,
全国卷 III ） （ ）
A. it B. one C. himself D. anotherBMeeting my uncle after all these years was an
unforgettable moment, _____ I will always
treasure. (NMET 2002) ( )
A. that B. one C. it D. whatB对比下句中it 的用法：Meeting my uncle after all these years was an
unforgettable moment, and I will always trea-
sure it (=the unforgettable moment ).----why don’t we take a little break?
----didn’t we just have _____? ( )
(NMET 2002)
A. it B. what C. that D. oneD三、it 用在强调结构中。
1.可以用来强调句中的主语、宾语、状语（从句），结构为：
It is (was) + 被强调部分[sb.] +who (that)
It is (was) + 被强调部分[sth.] +that It was because of bad weather ____ the foot-ball match had to be put off. ( )
A. so B. so that C. why D. thatDIt was ten years ____ Miss Gao left here. ( )
A. that B. when C. since D. as CLi Ming and I cleaned the office.
It was Li Ming and I that cleaned the office.对强调句型的识别：可用下面方法识别强调句型： 把强调句的
标志词 it is / was … that 拿掉，若能还原出
句法结构完整的句子来，则为强调句，否则
不是强调句。It was eight o’clock ____ I left home.( )
It was at eight o’clock ____ I left home.( )
A. that B. since C. when D. while
CA2.对“ not…until…”的特殊强调句型：
It is /was not until +时间状语（从句）+that3.强调句的疑问结构：（1）一般疑问句：
Is/was it+被强调部分+that(who)+剩余部分如原句为：Does he read this book every day?Is it this book that he reads every day?He didn’t get home until
midnight.It was not until midnight that he got home.（2）特殊疑问句： （只能对疑问词强调）
疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+ that(who)+
剩余部分：
Who came to see you this morning?Who was it that came to see you this mor-
ning?4. 含有定语从句的强调句：
It was in the lab that was set up by Mr. Smith
that they finished the experiment. It was in Beihai Park ____ they made a
date for the first time _____the old cou-
ple told us their love story. ( )
where; that B. that; that
C. where; when D.that; whenA5. 宾语从句中带有强调句型时：
主语+谓语+疑问词+it is/was+that+宾语从句
I don’t know where he comes from.I don’t know where it is that he comes
From.6.需要注意的地方：
（1）如果原句中的谓语动词为现在或将来时
的各种时态，就用“ it is…”,如果原句中的谓
语动词为过去时的各种时态，则用“it was…”
（2）不论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，一
律用“it is/was +who(that).Exercises:It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.
was2. It was the training_____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.whichthat