08-09学年上学期新课标高一5册Unit2单元辅导
重点句型剖析
1. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
最后，英国政府在二十世纪早期试图用同一种和平方式使爱尔兰连接起来，从而形成联合王国。 （P.10）
【点拨】 getting Ireland connected中的connected是过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动关系。如：
I’ll never get all this work finished.
这么多的工作我怎么也干不完。
【拓展】
get 后面也可跟不定式或现在分词作宾补。如：
He got his sister to help him with his homework.
他让姐姐帮他做作业。
It’s not hard to get him talking — the problem is stopping him!
让他讲话并不难———难的是让他住口！
【注意】 get作使役动词后面跟不定式作宾补时，不定式必须带to。而have作使役动词后面跟不定式作宾补时，跟不带to的不定式。如：
I’ll have Johnson show you to your room.
我会让约翰逊带你去你的房间。
2. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.
你会发现大多数的人口居住在英格兰的南部，而大多数的工业城市却位于英格兰的中部和北部地区。（P.10）
【点拨】 find sth. / sb. done, 过去分词done在句中作宾语补足语。如：
When he hurried to the school, he found the school gate still closed.
当他匆忙赶到学校时，他发现学校的大门还锁着。
【拓展】 find后面也可跟现在分词、形容词或介词短语等作宾补。如：
She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed.
她醒来发现自己躺在医院的病床上。
I suddenly found myself running down the street.
我不知不觉突然在街上跑了起来。
The police found the house broken into and a lot of things stolen.
警察发现有人闯入过房子，而且许多物品被盗了。
3. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoy-able and worthwhile.
如果你想要使你的英国之旅不虚此行的话，你就必须把眼睛睁得大大的。(P.10)
【点拨1】 keep one’s eyes open“睁大眼睛”。结构为：keep+宾语+宾语补足语（宾补为adj，adv，prep-
phrase，V-ed，V-ing等）。如：
You’d better keep the child away from the fire.
你最好让孩子离火远一点。
He wants you to keep him informed of how things are going with you.
他想让你随时通知他你这里的进展情况。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
对不起，让您等了这么久。
【点拨2】 make your trip to the United Kingdom worthwhile“使你的英国之旅不虚此行”，结构为：make +宾语+宾语补足语(do sth，adj，adv，prep-phrase，n等)。
【考例】 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. (07，江苏)
A. interested B. interesting
C. interest D. to interest
【解析】 答案A。 interested作them的宾补，表示使人感兴趣的，故选A。
4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
由于担心时间不够, 张萍玉把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。(P.14)
【点拨】 worried about the time available 是形容词短语作状语，说明主语的情况。形容词短语在句中可以直接作状语，表示原因、结果或伴随情况。如:
Determined to go to college, he is studying much harder than ever.
下定了决心要上大学，她现在比以前学习努力多了。
Much interested, he agreed to give it a try.
他很感兴趣，同意试一试。
He went to bed, cold and hungry.
他又冷又饿，上床睡觉了。
【考例】 Mr. Smith, ______ of the ______ speech，started to read a novel. (03, 春季)
A. tired； boring B. tiring； bored
C. tired； bored D. tiring； boring
【解析】 答案A。Mr. Smith对令人厌烦的演讲感到厌烦了， tired 形容词短语在句中作原因状语。
5. There followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.
接着参观的是圣 · 保罗大教堂, 它是1666年伦敦大火以后建造的。(P.14)
【点拨】 本句是there放在句首引起的完全倒装。为使句子形象、生动、平衡，可以把there，here，out，in，up，down，away等表示地点或方向性的副词或介词短语放到主语前面，句子要用完全倒装，即把谓语放在主语前面。如：
There have been found over 100 elements.
现已发现一百多种元素。
Look! Here comes a beautiful girl in a white skirt.
看！过来一位穿着白裙子的漂亮女孩。
The door opened and in came a teacher.
门开了，进来了一位老师。
Out rushed the thief with a man running after him.
小偷冲了出去，一男子紧追上去。
【注意】 若主语为代词，主谓不倒装。如：
Away they went! 他们离开了！
【考例】 In the dark forests _____, some large enough to hold several English towns.（05，辽宁）
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
【解析】 答案B。表示地点的状语放在句首，句子语序全部倒装。
6. It looked splendid when first built!
刚建成的时候,它看起来真是金碧辉煌。（P.14）
【点拨】 when first built 是when it was first built的省略。有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是it，就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语动词be省略掉。如:
Look out for the dog when (you are) exercising in the garden.
在公园里锻炼时要提防狗。
You can underline some key phrases where (it is) necessary.
在有必要的地方，你可以把重要的短语划出来。
If (it is) handled according to the instructions, the machine would work well.
若按说明操作，机器就会运转良好。
She hurriedly left the room as if (she was) angry.
她急匆匆的走出房间,好像很生气。
She worked extremely hard though (she is) still rather poor in health.
尽管身体还很不好,她仍极其努力地工作。
【考例】 We all know that, ______, the situation will get worse. (07，全国I)
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
【解析】 答案B。题意为：我们都知道，如果不慎重处理，形势会变得更加糟糕。本题考查语序和省略的用法。if not carefully dealt with的完整形式是if it isn’t carefully dealt with。
“分开” divide & separate
【热身场】
1. The farmer ________ big pears from small ones before he went to the market.
2. We are often ________ into three groups to play games in class.
3. Nothing can ever ________ me ________ my true friends.
Key: 1. separated 2. divided 3. separate; from
【辨析】
这两个词都有“分开、分离”的意思，但用法和搭配有所不同。
1. divide 着重指将整个东西按照一定数量和大小比例“划分”成若干部分。其后接into，from，among，between，with等。此外divide还有“除以”的意思。如：
Western Germany was divided into three different “occupation zones” after the war.
战后，西德被分成三个不同的占领区。
Let’s divide the profits between us.
让我们平分利润。
Nine divided by three is three.
九除以三得三。
2. separate是指把原来连在一起或靠近的“分隔”开来，往往含有强制的意思，它常与介词from，by搭配使用；也可指离别。separate还可用于形容词，表示“各自的，独自的，分开的”。 如：
The Taiwan Straits separates Taiwan from Fujian. 台湾海峡把台湾和福建隔开。
We should never separate from the masses. 我们绝不应该脱离群众。
We are separated for the present. 我们暂时分离。
The school is housed in two separate buildings. 学校设在两栋独立的楼房里。
【小试身手】 汉译英。
1. 八除以二得四。
2. 这两个小村子被一条河隔开
3. 信仰和感情是不可能分开的。
4. 请把白衬衫与其他颜色的衬衫分开。
5. 母亲先将蛋糕切成两块，然后又把每块分成4份。
Key:
1. Eight divided by two is four.
2. The two small countries are separated by a river.
3. It is impossible to separate belief from emotion.
4. Please separate the white shirts from the colored ones.
5. First mother divided the cake into two parts; then she divided each into four.
“点击” break
【热身场】
1. The peace talk between the two countries have _____________.
2. You should _____________ such bad habits.
3. I was telling them about my travels when he _____________ with a hurry look.
Key: 1. broke down 2. break away from 3. broke in
【辨析】 动词break后搭配不同的介词或副词，含义完全不同。 常见搭配有：
1. break down （机器，车辆）坏了；（计划，谈判）失败；（身体）垮了；（谈话，通讯）中断；分解，分化（物理化学变化）；克服，粉碎等。如：
Her health broke down under the great pressure of work.
因为工作压力太大，她的身体垮掉了。
2. break away (from) 突然逃掉或离开；断绝往来；脱离；改掉习惯等。如：
The prisoner broke away from his guards.
犯人挣脱了看守。
3. break in 非法进入。如：
Burglars had broken in while they were away on holiday.
他们假日外出时，窃贼曾进入屋内。
4. break in （on sth.） 插嘴；打断；干扰。如：
She wanted to break in on their conversation but didn’t want to appear rude.
她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不愿显得粗鲁。
5. break into 强行进入。如：
The thief broke into the house when she was watching TV.
在她看电视的时候，小偷闯进了房屋。
6. break into tears / laughter 突然哭了/笑了。如：
At the unexpected good news, the boy broke into laughter.
7. break off 突然停止或中断某事；中断（谈判）；断绝关系；解除婚约；停止工作；休息一会儿。如：
He broke off in the middle of a sentence.
他一句话说了一半就不说了。
8. break out （疾病、争吵、灾难、战争等） 爆发。如：
The Second World War broke out in September 1939.
第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。
9. break through 突破；打通；穿透；取得重大成果。如：
Scientists said that they were beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。
【活学巧译】 汉译英。
1. 当他正在网上查找信息时，电脑突然坏了。
2. 我们的队伍轻而易举地就突破了敌人的防线。
3. 两个国家断绝了相互间的关系。
4. 现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。
Key:
1. The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
2. Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the enemy lines.
3. The two countries have broken off relations with each other.
4. Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.08-09学年上学期新课标高一5册Unit3单元辅导
重点句型剖析
1. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.
他父母的公司名叫“未来旅程”，以他们的专长而出名，把我安全地从一个时间太空舱送往未来。(P.18)
【点拨】
(1) known 是know的过去分词形式，在这里用作形容词，这样的形容词短语常在句中作伴随状语或原因状语。在本单元这样的用法还有：
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
因为担心这次旅行，我在最初的几天里一直焦躁不安。(P.17)
Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
我非常疲惫，溜上床，很快睡着了。(P.18)
(2) 句中的called “Future Tours”是过去分词短语作company的后置定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句which was called “Future Tours”。如：
Hangzhou, known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly.
以西湖闻名全国的杭州已经发生了很大的变化。
【考例】 The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C.， did not include women players until 1912. (97，全国)
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
【解析】答案C。从语境不难发现，play和the Olympic Games是动宾关系，该空应用过去分词短语 first played作非限制性定语，因此C项正确。
2. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.
不久，我的状态恢复过来了，跟着他去把由电脑驱动的一个气垫车收起来。(P.18)
【点拨】 driven by computer是过去分词短语作a hovering carriage的后置定语，相当于一个限制性的定语从句which / that was driven by a computer。如：
Don’t you know the girl dressed in a red skirt？
你不认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？
3. However I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
然而，当我们到达一个看上去像一个大市场的地方时，我看不见王平了，因为在那儿有太多的气垫车朝各个方向飞去。(P.18)
【点拨】 句中的what looked like a large market是及物动词reach的宾语从句，what既起引导作用又在从句中作主语，what相当于a place which / that。如：
The fire destroyed what was in the ship. 这场火灾烧毁了轮船里所有的一切。(what相当于all that)
【考例】 I just wonder ______ that makes him so excited. (06，山东)
A. why it does B. what he does
C. how it is D. what it is
【解析】 答案D。“what it is that makes him so excited”是“what makes him so excited”的强调句型，作wonder的宾语从句，what 在从句中作主语。因此，D项正确。
4. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown!
我意识到我已经被运送到了依然是我的故乡的未来。(P.18)
【点拨】 of 是介词，what was still my hometown是of的宾语从句，其中what在从句中作主语。如：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
好像过了几个小时以后，他面带苦笑走了出来。
【考例】 You can only be sure of ______ you have at present: you cannot be sure of something ______ you might get in the future. (07，安徽)
A. that; what B. what; 不填
C. which; that D. 不填; that
【解析】 答案B。第一个空应填入一个可以引导of的宾语从句泛指“你现在所拥有的东西”且在该宾语从句中充当have的宾语的词，这样的引导词只能是what，由此可以直接排除选项A、 C、 D而选出B。
5. Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. 说完这些话，他把一些食物散落在桌子上，从地板处升起一张床来。(P.18)
【点拨】 Having said this是现在分词的完成式，在句中作时间状语，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。如：
Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand the rules.
被告诉过多次，但他还是不明白这些规则。
【考例】 The storm left, ＿＿＿___ a lot of damage to this area. (05，全国Ⅰ)
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to cause D. having caused
【解析】 答案 D。因The storm与cause是主动关系，排除选项A；不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除 B和C；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前，所以用完成式。
5. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity.
太空站被描述为一个巨大的圆盘，在太空慢慢地旋转，以模仿地球的引力。(P.22)
【点拨】 “Described as an enormous round plate”是句子的状语，其中describe与句子的主语it是动宾关系，所以described表示被动。如：
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
【考例】 ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
(07，浙江)
A. Driven B. Being driven
C. To drive D. Having driven
【解析】 答案A。由句意可知，农民们建更多的大棚是因为受到蔬菜需求量增大的驱动。因此，要用过去分词表示被动。
不同的“环境” surrounding, environment, circumstance & setting
【热身场】 用surrounding, environment, circumstance和setting的正确形式填空。
1. Children need a happy home __________.
2. The students live happily in the beautiful __________.
3. I can’t imagine a __________ in which I would be willing to steal.
4. It was the perfect __________ for a wonderful Christmas.
【辨析】 这三个名词都有“环境”的意思，区别如下：
1. surrounding作名词时，一般用复数形式，仅指一个特定时期某人或某物周围所有具体的物质性的东西，是一种比较笼统的说法，包括物体、建筑物、自然景色等。如：
It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings. 我用了几个星期的时间来熟悉新环境。
此外，surrounding还可作形容词，意为“周围的，附近的”。如：
You should pay attention to the surrounding environment. 你应该留心周围的环境。
2. environment可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，用单数形式，表示一个生物体或一群生物体周围的整体状况，尤其指作用和影响这群生物体的生长、发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。如：
The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environments. 这对双胞胎一出生就被分开了，之后是在完全不同的环境下长大的。
3. circumstance意为“环境，情形，情况”，常用复数形式，指某事物或动作发生时的情况, 常与under或 in连用，表示“在……情况下”。如：
Under the circumstances such as these, it became very difficult to work smoothly together. 在这样的情况下，一起顺利工作变得非常困难。
4. setting “背景, 环境”，常指人文环境或戏剧、小说的情节背景。如：
China is the setting of the story. 故事以中国为背景。
【学以致用】 用surrounding, environment, circumstance和setting的正确形式填空。
1. People tend to behave differently in different social ________.
2. The company has the right to cancel this agreement in certain ________.
3. He switched on the light and examined his ________.
4. Recycling paper and cans is an easy way to preserve the ________.
Key: 1. settings 2. circumstances 3. surroundings 4. environment
“take” 短语知多少
【热身场】 考例回顾
1. To keep healthy, Professor Johnson _____ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired. （04，上海）
A. took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for
2. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ___ most of her day. (04， 广东)
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
3. We’re trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we _____ your number incorrectly.
（06，浙江）
A. looked up B. took down C. worked out D. brought about
4. After he retired from office, Rogers _____ painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
（06，山东）
A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up
Key: 1-4 AABA
【拓展】
take up 1) 着手处理，从事；2) 占据(时间等)；3 ) 开始（某项活动）；4）选学，开始学习
take away拿走，夺去
take along随身携带
take back 1) 收回，带回；2)让退（货）
take apart 拆开，拆卸（机器等）
take down 1) 咽下； 2) 记下
take in 1) 接受,领会；2) 使上当
take off 1) 脱下； 2) 取消，去掉； 3) 起飞
take on 1) 呈现，具有（新面貌等）； 2) 开始从事； 3）雇用，招收
take out拿出，去掉
take over 接替，接管，继承
take advantage of 利用，占便宜
take charge of 负责
take care of 照料，负责；take care注意，当心
take effect见效，起作用
take ... for granted 视为当然，理所当然
take hold of 抓住，握住
take the place of / take one’s place 代替
take note / notice of 注意，理会
take notes 记录，作笔记
take part in参加
take one’s leave离开，告辞
take place 发生，举行
take one’s turns / take turns轮流
take pride in以……为自豪
【实战演练】 单项填空
1. It’s your turn to _____ the tale.
A. look up B. carry up C. put up D. take up
2. — When did the concert _____
— Well, two or three years ago
A. happen B. take place C. hold D. start
3. The woman was _____ by the businessman’s offers of marriage and stupidly gave him most of her money.
A. taken in B. taken on C. taken off D. taken out
4. — What will you do with your apartment when you leave
— John will take _____ the apartment and pay the rent.
A. up B. in C. over D. along
5. He _____ the club and _____ its activities.
A. took part in; joined
B. joined; took part in
C. joined; took a part in
D. took part in; took part in
Key: 1-5 DBACB08-09学年上学期新课标5册Unit4单元辅导
1. Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of China Daily. 周扬永远忘不了他在《中国日报》办公室所接受的第一个任务。(P.26)
【点拨】 never是否定副词，位于句首时句子要用倒装句型，即把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语之前。如：
Never shall I forget this lesson.
我绝对不会忘记这个教训。
【拓展】 像never 这样的否定副词还有：neither, nor, no, not, little, seldom, hardly, nowhere等，当这些否定副词位于句首时，句子都要部分倒装。如：
Not until I came back did he leave for work.
直到我回来他才去工作。
No sooner had he entered the room the telephone rang.
他刚一进屋电话铃就响了。
【注意】 具有否定意义的介词短语在句首作状语时句子也要倒装。如：
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.
为了提高英语我已经非常努力了，但老师并没有对我的进步感到满意。
At no time did I say such a thing.
我从未说过这样的事情。
【高考链接】
I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _____ so lonely as now.
（07，辽宁）
A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. Had I felt
【解析】 答案A。题意为：我在美国居住了20年，但极少像现在这样感到孤独。本题考查倒装语序。当半否定副词seldom放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序；而由前半句的时态及后半句中的now可知，应用现在完成时。
2. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.他和新老板胡新的讨论将强烈地影响他今后的记者生涯。(P.26)
【点拨】 “be to do sth”表示将来必然要发生的事，译作“注定……”。如：
They said goodbye, little knowing they were never to meet again.
他们互相告别，根本不知道他们再也不能见面了。
【拓展】
(1) be to do sth还可表示 “将”、“计划”、“安排”。（意思接近于be going to） 如：
Their daughter is to get married soon.
他们的女儿很快就要结婚了。
(2) be to do sth也可表示 “义务”、“应该”。（意思接近于should，must，ought to，have to） 如：
No one is to leave the building.
谁也不得离开这栋楼房。
You are not to smoke in this room.
你不应该在这个房间吸烟。
You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
你必须在十点以前回来。
3. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.
我不仅对摄影感兴趣，而且在上大学时我还参加了摄影业余爱好者课程来提高自己的技能。(P.26)
【点拨】 not only...but also连接并列两个句子时，前一个分句要把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语的前面，构成倒装句型，后一个分句不倒装。如：
Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.
他不仅得把答案打到电脑上，还得让电脑把它转换成声音。
【高考链接】
Not only _____ interested in foot-ball but _____ beginning to show an interest in it.
(02，上海)
A. the teacher himself is; all his students are
B. the teacher himself is; are all his students
C. is the teacher himself; are all his students
D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
【解析】 答案D。not only... but (also)...连接两个并列分句，且否定含义的not only放于句首时，not only后的分句要进行部分倒装，but (also)后的分句不进行倒装，因此本题应选D。
4. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.
只要你提问许多不同的问题，你就能获知你想知道的信息。(P.26)
【点拨】 “Only+状语”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。状语可以是从句形式，也可以是副词或介词短语等。如：
Only then did I realize he had told me a lie.
直到那时我才意识到他对我说了谎。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
只有这样你才能在英语上取得进步。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
直到1918年战争结束了，他才能高高兴兴地回去工作。
【高考链接】
_____ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
（06，浙江）
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
【解析】 选A。only 修饰的状语放在句首时，才能引起主句倒装。所以选A。
【注意】 若only强调主语位于句首，则主谓不倒装。如：
Only he knows the secret path leading to the cave.
只有他知道通向那个洞穴的秘密路径。
5. Here comes my list of dos and don’ts: don’t miss your deadline; don’t be rude; don’t talk too much but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.
这就是“要做”和“不要做”的事情的名单：不要错过最后期限；不要粗鲁；不要说太多，而要仔细倾听被采访者。(P.26)
【点拨】 表地点、方位或时间的副词，如here, there, up, down, out, in, away, off, now, then等放在句首，且主语是名词时，要把谓语动词放在主语之前。如：
Away hurried the boy.
那个男孩匆忙走了。
Here comes the train to Beijing.
去北京的火车来了。
【注意】 若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将表方位或时间的副词放在句首。如：
There he goes. 他去那边了。
【高考链接】
In the dark forests _____, some large enough to hold several English towns. (05，辽宁)
A. stand many lakes
B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie
D. many lakes stand
【解析】 答案B。表方位的介词短语In the dark forests位于句首，且主语是名词，所以，要用谓语动词提到主语前面的倒装句型。因此B项正确。
6. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. 这是一个进退两难的局面，因为如果我们错了，这名足球运动员可以要求赔偿。(P.26)
【点拨】 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来能够做某事而没有做”。如：
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
【高考链接】 He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free. （05，山东）
A. could B. would C. must D. need
【解析】答案A.“他本可以免费进去的，他却花钱买了票。” could have done “本可以……”，因此，A正确。08-09学年上学期新课标高一5册Unit1单元辅导
重点句型剖析
1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但当他一想到要帮助患病的普通老百姓，特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时，他就感到很振奋。(P.2)
【点拨】 exposed to cholera 是过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动，修饰ordinary people，表示发生在过去或没有一定时间性的动作，且被修饰词是其逻辑上的动作承受者。如：
The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environmental protection.
张教授的讲座是关于环境保护的。
【考例】
There have been several new event__ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.（06，北京）
A． add B． to add C． adding D． added
【解析】 答案D。2008年奥运会新增了项目，因此用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。
2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时， 就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。（P.2）
【点拨】 every time在句中用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”。如：
Every time I meet him, he tries to borrow money from me. 我每次遇见他，他都要向我借钱。
【拓展】 能够引导时间状语从句的名词词组或副词还有：the first time“第一次”，the last time“上次”， the moment/ minute/ second, immediately, directly, instantly“ 一……就”等。如：
I will tell him the news the moment I meet him.
我一见到他就会告诉他这个消息。
The last time I saw him, he was still in this company.
我上次见他时，他还在这家公司。
【注意】 for the first time, the first time和 It is / was the first time that句型的区别：
① for the first time意为“第一次”,在句中作状语。如：
I saw such a good film for the first time.
我是第一次看到这么好的电影。
② the first time意为“第一次”,是连词，引导一个句子。如：
I remember the first time I saw you I did most of the talking.
我记得第一次看到你时， 我说了很多话。
③ It is the first time that sb. + 现在完成时 或 It was the first time that sb.+过去完成时表示“某人第一次做某事”。如：
It is the first time that I have read so interesting a book.
我是第一次读到这么有趣的书。
3. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。(P.2)
① be +动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情。相当于must, should, ought to +动词原形。如：
Who is to be responsible for this car accident
谁应当为这起交通事故负责？
No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.
没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。
② be to blame “对某事应负责任；应受责备；起因是”。 to blame在句中作表语或定语，用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如：
A freak storm was to blame for the power outage.
停电的起因是一场反常的暴风雪。
【考例】
Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ______.
（06，安徽）
A． blamed B． blaming
C． to blame D． to be blamed
【解析】 答案C。此处用to blame作后置定语，用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。
3. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。（P.3）
【点拨】 had +宾+补（v-ed）表示“使（某事）完成；使发生，招致……”。如：
You’d better have that bad tooth pulled out. 你最好找医生把那颗坏牙拔掉。
【考例】
Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ______ in a short period. (07，福建)
A. improved B. improving
C. to improve D. improve
【解析】 答案A。因“written English”与“improve”之间是被动关系，故选A。
5. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。(P.7)
【点拨】 以 only开头的句子，如果only修饰的是句子的状语或状语从句，则要部分倒装句子或主句，但修饰主语时，句子不倒装。如：
Only a week later did I receive an answer from her.
一周之后，我才收到了她的回信。
Only when you are forty and are looking back will you realize that you haven’t done your best.
只有当你四十岁回首往事的时候，你才意识到你并没有全力以赴。
Only the students in class 3 can do the exercises.
只有三班的学生才会做这些练习题。
【考例】
Only then ______ how much damage had been caused. (06，陕西)
A. had she realized B. she realized
C. did she realize D. she had realized
【解析】 答案C。本题考查倒装句型。only修饰状语位于句首，句子须部分倒装，A项时态与句意不符，故选C项。
6. He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把太阳固定在太阳系中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。（P.7）
【点拨】此处with the planets going around it是with + 名词（宾语）+ 现在分词（宾补）结构，在句中作状语。
【拓展】 with复合结构在句中常用作状语，表伴随状况、原因、方式、条件等；也可用作后置定语。常见的形式有：
① with+名词/代词+现在分词。其中现在分词表主动或正在进行的动作。如：
With you standing here, we can’t fix our attention on the job.
你站在这儿，我们不能集中注意力工作。
② with+名词/代词+过去分词。其中过去分词表被动或已经完成的动作。如：
Tom stood there with his hands tied behind his back.
汤姆站在那里，他的双手被捆在背后。
③ with+名词/代词+不定式。其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。如：
With the manager to return from Sydney, we should prepare for the new program.
经理将要从悉尼返回，我们应该准备新的项目了。
④ with+名词/代词+形容词。如：
I like to do some reading in my little study with the window closed.
我喜欢在我的小书屋里关上窗户看书。
except, except for, besides, but & apart from 如何“除外”
【热身场】
1. ______ surfing the Internet, Stephen likes playing the violin and guitar.
2. All the boys attend the lecture ______ Johnson. He went to Canada with his parents.
3. Our project is nearly perfect ______ a few unfinished papers.
4. Nobody ______ Mr. Zhu would like to deal with this difficult task.
Key: 1. Besides / Apart from 2. except 3. except for 4. but
【辨析】 这五个介词或短语介词都有“除了……”的意思。
1. except 强调排除在外，意为“除了……之外（不再有）”。其后所接的词与句中主语所涉及的东西属于同类，表示在同类的整体中除去一部分。except前几乎总有all，any，every，no等词。如：
He answered all the questions except the last one.
除了最后一个问题外，其它的他全回答出来了。
2. except for 表示部分地修正前面概括性的说法，可译为“除……外”，其后所接内容一般与主句所涉及的东西不属于同类。如：
The dress is ready except for the buttons.
衣服全做好了，只差钮扣未缝。
3. besides 强调包含在内，意为“除了……之外（还有）”。besides的位置较活，可放在句首，也可放在句中或句尾。用作副词时表示“另外，而且”的意思。如：
What has he done besides reading newspapers
除了看报纸外他还干了什么？
I don’t want to go there, besides, it’s going to rain.
我不想去那儿，更何况就要下雨了。
4. but 也表示排除在外，相当于except，但它通常与某些不定代词如nothing, all, anything, no one, anyone等连用，一般认为用于否定结构或具有否定意味的句子中。如：
We have solved all but the border problems.
除了边界问题外，我们已经解决了所有的问题。
The child does nothing but play all day.
那孩子整天除了玩就无所事事。
5. apart from 是个短语介词，常译作“除了……之外（还）”，即包括所述内容，但不加以考虑或重视，用来表示并列关系。根据情况可与except，except for，besides互换。如：
Apart from / Besides his native language, he can speak several other languages.
除了母语外，他还能说好几门其它语言。
His work is good apart from / except for a few slight faults.
除了一些小瑕疵外，他的工作做得很好。
【学以致用】 汉译英。
1. 除了在伦敦有一套房子以外，他们在西班牙还有一座别墅。
2. 我对他一无所知，只知道他住在隔壁。
3. 除了周末，我们每天都上学。
4. 除了当医生之外，他在业余时间还写小说。
Key: 1. Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.
2. I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door.
3. We go to school every day except weekends.
4. Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.
instruct “教授”
【热身场】 选出填入空白处的正确选项并将句子翻译成汉语。
The officer was ______ the soldiers in how to balance the gun and fire exactly.
A. teaching B. instructing C. educating D. instructor
Key: B。教官正在教授士兵们怎样拿稳枪支并准确开火。
【点拨】 instruct vt. 意为“教授，训练”，指系统地进行讲授或指导；有时也指给予命令等。常用搭配有：instruct sb. in sth.“ 教授某人某种技能”。如：
Boys should be instructed in cooking like girls. 男孩子应该像女孩子一样被授以烹饪课。
【拓展】名词instruction的用法有：
1. 表示“教授，训练”。如：
If you want to get a driving license, you should first receive strict driving instruction.
如果你想取得驾驶执照，你首先应该接受严格的驾驶技术指导。
2. 表示“命令，指示”多用复数，其后多用不定式或that从句，从句中谓语动词用shall/should加动词原形或虚拟语气。如：
The officer issued instructions to watch the prisoners.
警官下令监视那些犯人。
We received instructions that we (should) finish the project this weekend.
我们接到命令这个周末必须完成这项工程。
3. 表示“说明”时多用复数，其后接for 或about短语。如：
The instructions for handling the machine are all very clear.
操作那台机器的说明非常清楚。
【辨析】 instruct与teach、educate的区别：
1. teach 是个含义较广的常用词。强调通过课堂教学的形式传授知识、技能等。如：
Sherry teaches politics to college students.
谢丽给大学生们上政治课。
2. educate 指正式的、系统的学校教育，也可指在某方面进行行为培养或思想教育。比teach语气更正式，比teach完成的的结果更完善。如：
Our school are never schools that teach but simply fail to educate their students.
我们的学校绝非是那种只顾教学而不教育学生成长的学校。
【活学巧辨】 用instruct, teach和educate的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. You will be _________ where to go as soon as the plane is ready.
2. My _________ are that I am not to let anyone in.
3. His mother is a _________, and she _________ physics.
4. Parents should _________ their children to behave well.
Key: 1. instructed 2. instructions 3. teacher; teaches 4. educate08-09学年上学期新课标5册Unit5单元辅导
1. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
根据皮肤被烧伤的深浅程度，烧伤被称作一度、二度或三度烧伤。(P.34)
【点拨】 depend on“视……而定，取决于……”，作状语时用-ing形式，类似的用法还有judge by/from。如：
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
We might need more food depending on how many people turn up.
我们可能还需要些食物，不过这要看到场的人数。
Judging from what you say in your letter, you don’t sound well.
根据你信里所说的话来判断，你好像身体不太好。
【拓展】
(1) depend on还可表示“依靠，依赖”的意思。如：
The map is a thing to depend on when you are in a strange place.
在陌生的地方你就得靠地图。
(2) depend on it 常用于句首或句末，意为“请放心，没问题”；It/That (all) depends 意为“那得看情况而定”。两者都用于口语。如：
Depend on it, we shall succeed in time.
没问题，我们最终会取得成功的。
I may help you, but that/it depends.
我也许会帮助你，但得视情况而定。
2. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。(P.34)
【点拨】 句型if (或when, where, wherever, whenever, as soon as, as fast as, than...) + possible/necessary... 可理解为中间省略了主语和系动词it is (或was)。如：
When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.
必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。
Answer these questions, if (it is) possible without referring to the book.
如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。
本单元中有相同用法的句子还有：
If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.
如果烧伤的部位在胳膊或腿上，要尽可能把胳膊或腿抬到高于心脏的位置。(P.35)
3. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在他的房间里学习突然他听到尖叫声。(P.38)
【点拨】 when用作并列连词，句子的重心在when引出的句子，when的含义为and then，and just then或at that time。when前可用逗号，也可省略，常与suddenly等连用，以加强语气。表示“在……(过程)中突然被……中断或打搅”。如：
He had just got into bed about half past eleven when he felt the floor shaking under him.
他十一点半刚刚睡觉，忽然感到地板在摇动。
【拓展】 when作并列连词的用法是高考考查的热点，主要考查所引导的两个并列分句的时态：
（1） 过去进行时(延续性动词) + when +一般过去时(瞬间动词)。如：
A mother rat and her babies were having a good time when suddenly a hungry cat came.
鼠妈妈和幼鼠正玩得开心时，突然一只饿猫窜了出来。
（2） was／were about (soon) to do sth．+ when + 一般过去时。 如： He was just about to stand up when he felt something moving near his feet.
他正要站起身来，忽然感到有什么东西在他的脚边蠕动。
（3）过去完成时(常为瞬间动词) + when +一般过去时。如：I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said very slowly “Do...you...speak...English ”
我快到城里时，忽然这个年轻人慢慢地问我：“你讲英语吗 ”
4. It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life.
是约翰的迅速行动和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。(P.38)
【点拨】 这是一个强调句，句型为“It is/was + that/who + 句子的其他成分”。如：
It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so important.
在他得到了他想要的之后，他才意识到那些并没有那么重要。
判断一个句子是否是强调句，可以通过还原法，即去掉“It is/was... that/who...”后，如果剩余部分仍然是一个完整的句子，即是强调句。如本句可以还原为“John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid saved Ms Slade’s life. ”
【拓展】
(1) 强调句型的一般疑问句形式为“Is/Was + it + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分 ”。如：
Was it you that I saw last night at the concert
我昨晚在音乐会上见到是你吗？
(2) 强调句型的特殊疑问句形式为“Wh-疑问词/How + is/was + it + that +其余部分 ”如：
Who was it that came here this morning
今天上午谁来这儿了？
How was it that he managed to get the information
他是如何得到这个信息的？
(3) 强调句型在名词性从句中用陈述语序。如：
I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited.
我纳闷儿到底是什么事情让他这么兴奋。
(4) 含定语从句的强调句中的that多在较后的位置出现。如：
Was it in the village which we used to live in that the accident happened
是在我们过去住的那个村庄发生的这起事故吗？
5. When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Life Saver Scheme said, ...
当向约翰表示祝贺时，“青少年生命拯救方案”的指导者艾伦说……
【点拨】 本句是一个省略句，con-gratulating前省略了he was。
这种省略从句的主语和系动词，连词的后面只保留分词或不定式的情况适用于从句和主句主语一致时。主要有when, until, once, before, after等引导的时间状语从句；if, unless, even if引导的条件状语从句；although, however引导的让步状语从句；as if引导的方式状语从句。如：
(1) (If a piece of ice is) Taken into a warm room, a piece of ice will turn into water.
(2) (If they had been) Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
(3) Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to.
(4) He opened his mouth as if (he were) to say something.
(5) I will come to help you if (it is) necessary.
6. There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.
毫无疑问，约翰的快速反应和他在学校所学到的急救技巧挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。(P.38)
【点拨1】 There is no doubt that-从句意为“毫无疑问……”。在此句型中，doubt作为名词用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句。如：
There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.
毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的意见。
此外，doubt作名词用在肯定句中时，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。此时不可以用if替换whether。如：
He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try.
他不能肯定他们是否会再给他一次机会试一试。
【拓展】 doubt 作动词时，后面跟宾语从句。
(1) 在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。如：
I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time.
我相信他能按时完成任务。
Do you doubt that she will succeed
你怀疑她会成功吗？
(2) 在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
I doubt whether / if they can swim across the river.
我怀疑他们能否游过河去。
【点拨2】 常见there be +n 句型有：
（1）There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.“没有必要干某事”。此句型中to do 不能换成doing。如：
Is there any need for you to go there？
你有必要去那里吗？
（2）There is no possibility/hope +that... “不可能/没有希望干……”。如：
There is no possibility of his coming back this week
他这星期不可能回来。
（3）There is no good/use/harm/fun/difficulty/ point (in) doing sth.
“干……没有好处/没有用处/没有害处/没有乐趣/没有困难/没有意义”。
