沪教版 Unit 1 Occupation(上海市浦东新区)
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| 名称 | 沪教版 Unit 1 Occupation(上海市浦东新区) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2008-11-08 18:36:00 | ||
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本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
Unit 1 Occupation
Word Study
1. society n.
(1) ［U］社会
Society has a right to expect us to obey the law. 社会有权要求我们守法。
(2) ［C］社团，协会
/(the) Consumers’ Society 消费者协会 Law Society 法律协会
作“社会”解时，society无冠词；作“社团”解时，可用冠词。
相关词：adj. social 社会的 ；有关社会的 sociable 爱交际的，善于交际的
adj. socialist 社会主义的 n . socialism 社会主义
2. professional
(1) n. 专业人员；行家
Mr Smith is wearing a white gown and looks like a professional.
史密斯先生穿了件白大褂；看上去就像个专业人员。
We are all professionals at our jobs.
我们都是我们所做工作的行家。
(2) adj. 专业的，职业的
I want to be a professional photographer. 我想当职业摄影家。
相关词：n. profession 专业；职业
3. involve vt.
(1) 牵涉，使介入，使涉及
Don't involve me in your quarrel. 别把我卷入你们的纠纷。
Joan was involved in that case. 琼同这案子有关。
(2) 需要
The plan involves the cooperation of both young and old.
这计划需要年轻人和老年人的合作。
This job involves little work. 这任务的工作量不大。
(3) 包含，包括
Taking the job involves living in Shanghai. 接受这份工作包括要住在上海。
相关词：adj. involved 有关联的 n. involvement 牵连，参与，介入
4. order
v. (1) 订购，点菜
Have you ordered, Sir 先生，您点过菜了吗？
(2) 命令，嘱咐
The captain ordered that all the passengers should leave the ship at once.
船长命令所有的乘客都必须立刻离开轮船。
n.(1) 订单，订购/货，点菜（单）
I would like to place an order for a large pine table. 我想订购一张松木桌子。
(2) 命令
Soldiers must obey orders. 士兵必须服从命令。
(3) 顺序
The children lined up in order of age. 孩子们按照年龄的顺序排队。
(4) ［U］秩序
While the teacher was ill at home, the class was in order.
老师生病在家时，班级还是秩序井然。
(5) 目的，目标
In order to understand how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry. 为了弄懂人的身体是怎么回事，你需要有一些化学知识。
He got up early in order that he might catch the early train to Paris.
他早起是为了能赶上到巴黎的早班车。
5. impact
n. (1) 影响，作用
The stories of Harry Potter have/make a great impact on the children.
哈利·波特的故事对孩子们有很大的影响。
(2) 撞击
The car hit the wall, and the impact broke the windscreen.
当汽车撞到墙上的时候，冲击力震碎了挡风玻璃。
vi. 对……有影响，影响
The failure of the transportation system impacts on our daily lives.
公共交通系统的瘫痪影响着我们的日常生活。
6. surgeon n. 外科医生
相关词：physician 内科医生 n. surgery 外科（手术）
7. organ n.
(1) 器官
The heart is one of the body’s vital organs. 心脏是人体最重要的器官之一。
(2) 机构，机关
The police force is an organ of the government. 警察是政府的一个机构。
相关词：adj . organic 有机的，器官的 n . organization 组织，安排
v. organize 组织
8. skill n . 技能，技巧
He’s a sculptor with great skill. 他是位技术高超的雕刻家。
相关词：adj . skillful 熟练的
9. exception n . 例外 without exception 没有例外
You must answer all the questions without exception.
你要回答所有的问题，不得有例外。
His case is an exception. 他的情况是一个例外。
相关词：prep . except 除了 adj. exceptional 不平常的，杰出的（常用于褒义）
比较：except / except for / besides
He gets up early every day except Sunday. (从同一类事物的总体中除去一部分)
The composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes. (用于非同一类事物)
We all agreed besides him. (除……外，还有)
10. favour
v .(1) 偏爱
Parents shouldn’t favour boys over girls. 父母不可偏爱男孩子。
(2) 赞成，支持（计划等）
We favour Tom’s plan. 我们赞成汤姆的计划。
n .(1) 恩惠；善意的行动
do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人一个忙
ask sb a favour = ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙
(2) 偏爱，偏袒
That child is clearly in favour; she has been given an extra biscuit.
那个孩子明显得宠，她被多给了一块饼干。
(3) 赞成
Last night people voted in favour of the new law.
昨天晚上人们投票赞成这部新的法律。
相关词：adj . favourable 有利的 adj . / n . favourite 最喜欢的（东西）
11. cooperate vi . 合作
In the kindergarten children start to learn how to cooperate (with each other).
在幼儿园里孩子们已开始学习如何合作了。
相关词：n . cooperation 合作，协作 adj . cooperative合作的，协作的；合作（完成）的
12. relative
(1) n . 亲属，亲戚
Tom’s aunt was his nearest relative. 姑妈是汤姆最亲的亲戚了。
(2) adj . 相对的，相关的；相比较的
a relative clause 定语从句
They are living in relative comfort. 他们现在生活得比较舒服（跟过去或别人比）。
同义词：relation 作亲戚解时同义。
相关词：n. relation 关系 n. relativity 相对论 v. relate 使联系，与……产生联系
adj. related 与……有关的；有联系的
13. fashion n. 潮流，流行，时尚
old-fashioned 老式的，过时的
Long hair was in fashion years ago while it is out of fashion now.
前几年流行长头发，但现在已经过时了。
相关词：adj. fashionable 时髦的
14. style n.
(1)（尤指服装的）式样；时尚
in / out of style 很时尚 / 不时尚 the latest styles of hats 最新的帽子式样
For a long time long hair is in style with boys. 留长发长期以来在男青年中很流行。
(2.) 文体；风格
She is a very popular writer but I don’t like her style.
她是个受欢迎的作家，但我不喜欢她的文风。
(3) 方式，方法
That is a typical Chinese style of living. 那是典型的中国生活方式。
Children have different styles of learning. 孩子们有各种不同的学习方法。
相关词：adj. stylish 流行的
15. grow up 长大成人
What do you want to be when you grow up 你长大后想当什么？
I’m going to be an artist when I grow up. 我长大了要当一名艺术家。
相关词：grown-up adj. 长大的 n. 成人 (pl.) grown-ups
16. take up
(1) 开始从事（某事，尤指职业）
She has taken up a job as a nurse. 她开始从事护士工作。
(2) 开始从事（某项活动）；对……产生兴趣
take up gardening, golf, acting, etc. 从事园艺、高尔夫球、表演等。
She took up painting after she retired last year. 她去年退休后就开始学画画。
(3) 占用（时间或空间）
The job took up most of the weekend. 这项工作占用了大半个周末。
It doesn’t take up much room. 它不占太大的空间。
I don’t like spelling for it take up too much time.我不喜欢拼写单词，因为花时间太多。
17. occupation n.
(1) 工作，职业
a poorly paid occupation 工资很低的工作
比较：occupation / work / job / career 都含“工作”的意思。
occupation是正式用语，通常在填表格时使用：In the space marked “occupation” she wrote “police office”.
work 是指有报酬的工作，尤其是定期的报酬：He found work at the bank. 但有时也可以指没有报酬或不为他人而做的工作：voluntary work（义务工作），housework（家务）
job指一个人赖以生存的工作，尤指为他人工作：I need a part-time job.
career指人一生的事业：His political career began 20 years ago.
(2) 占用，占有
under one’s occupation 被某人占有
相关词：vt. occupy 占据，占有 adj. occupational 职业的；军事占领的
18. various 不同的，各种各样的
There are various ways of cooking eggs. 煮鸡蛋有各种不同的方法。
相关词：adv . variously 不同地，各种各样地 n . variety 变化，多样化
v . vary （彼此）不同；（使）变化，改变
19. be made up of 由……组成（或构成）
The medical team was made up of three doctors and two nurses.
这个医疗队由三位医生和两位护士组成。
A car is made up of many different parts. 一辆小汽车是由许多零件组成的。
The orchestra is made up of wonderful musicians. 这支管弦乐队由出色的音乐家组成。
近义词组：consist of; be composed of
比较：be made of / be made from / be made into / be made up of
The table is made of wood. （经加工后仍能辨认出原材料）
Bread is made from wheat. （经加工后无法辨认出原材料）
Milk can be made into butter and cheese. (把原料做成一种成品)
All animal bodies are made up of cells. （一个整体由若干个个体组成）
20. all walks of life / every walk of life 各行各业
walk n . 职业；行业；社会阶层
The members of the club include people from all walks of life.
俱乐部的成员包括各阶层的人士。
A doctor and a street cleaner are in different walks of life.
医生和道路清洁工是不同的行业。
21. explain vt .
Please explain this rule to me. 请给我解释这条规则。
The enclosed letter will explain what has happened. 内附的信会解释所发生的事。
相关词：n . explanation
Martin shook his head, but gave no explanation. 马丁摇摇头，没做任何解释。
21. operate v . 操作，动手术
Can you operate that machine 你会操作那台机器吗？
The sooner we operate on him, the better. 我们越快给他做手术越好。
相关词：n . operation 操作，行动，手术
Two days later the operation was performed. 手术是两天后做的。
22. mean the difference between life and death 生死攸关
Swimming skills may sometimes mean all the difference between life and death.
游泳技术有时可能意味着是生还是死。
23. no longer = not … any longer 不再
He no longer lives here. / He doesn’t live here any longer. 他已不住在这儿了。
比较：no more = not … any more
24. without exception 毫无例外 with the exception of 除了
Everyone was tired with the exception of John. 除了约翰，每个人都累了。
25. be favoured (over) 胜过；得到偏爱
Females are favoured over males in that kind of job. 与男性相比，那种工作更欢迎女性去做。
26. work at 致力于
He is working at new invention. 他正致力于一项新的发明。
I’m working at my novel. 我正在写我的小说。
27. sell v . 出售，卖
Did you sell postcards 你们卖明信片吗？
I’ll sell it to you for $50. 我以50美元卖给你。
Is the book selling well 这书好卖吗？
The shop sold out all their silk shirts. 这家商店卖完了所有的真丝衬衫。
相关词：n . sale
The sale of his old house made him sad. 卖掉老房子使他很伤心。
28. by oneself 单独，独自
You’re supposed to work out the problems by yourself. 你理应单独解决这些难题。
29. get rich quick 暴富
When gold mine was discovered in the West, thousands of people who wanted to get rich quick flocked there. 当西部发现金矿时，想暴富的人蜂拥而至。
30. hard-earned money 血汗钱
It’s hard to imagine how sad he was to lose his hard-earned money. 真难想象，他丢了血汗钱有多难受。
WORD BANK
accountant 会计 agent 代理人 armyman 军人 astronaut 宇航员
athlete 运动员 attendant 服务员 barber （尤指为男子服务的）理发师
caretaker / janitor （学校、小区）看门人 cashier 出纳员 custom officer 海关关员
diplomat 外交官 director 主任，局长，处长 engineer 工程师
garbage collector 垃圾清理工 hairdresser （尤指为女子服务的）理发师
judge 法官 lawyer 律师 mechanic 技工；机修工 physician 内科医生
pilot 飞行员 reporter 记者 sailor / seaman 海员 weatherman 气象员
* * * * * * * * * * *
1. career n. 事业，生涯
His career was ruined because of the hacking. 由于黑客活动，他的事业被毁了。
同义词：job / work / occupation / career
career 主要指终身职业，如：He made teaching his career. 他以教学为终身事业。
job和work常指为谋生的工作；
occupation也指谋生的工作，但比job和work正式。
相关词：adj. career-conscious 有事业感的
2. management n. 经营；管理
If the owner isn’t skilled in management, his company will face difficulty.
如果老板不善经营，那他的公司会面临困难。
相关词：v. manage 经营；管理 n. manager 经理
3. grateful adj. 感激的
be grateful to sb. For (some reason) 因……而对某人表示感激
相关词：n. gratitude 感激
4. composer n. 作曲家
The beautiful song is the work of an unknown composer.
这首优美的歌曲是位无名作曲家的作品。
相关词：v. compose 作曲，合成 n. composition 写作，乐曲
5. probably adv. 很可能
相关词：adj. probable 很可能的，很可能发生的
6. even though / if 即使；尽管（引导让步状语从句）
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管天下着雨，但他还是出去了。
7. make up one’s mind 下决心，决定
I made up my mind to go with him. 我决定和他一起去。
8. take an interest in 对……感兴趣
He takes an great interest in cartoons. 他对卡通有极大的兴趣。
9. on one’s own 单独地，独立地
He can be left to work on his own. 这工作可交给他一个人做。
比较：of one’s own （属于）自己的
He wants to have a room of his own. 他想要一间属于自己的房间。
10. give up 放弃；不再做
She gave up her present job and went to a village. 她放弃了现在的工作，去了农村。
He has given up playing football. 他已经不再踢足球了。
Grammar
The Relative Clause
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，或整个主句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as。关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词既联系定语从句和它的先行词，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分（主语、宾语、介词宾语、定语、状语或表语）。
1． 关系代词的用法
1） who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。
eg. The man who wears a pair of glasses is our teacher.
2) whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，往往被省略，常用who代替whom.
eg. Where is the man (whom / who) I saw this morning
如果关系代词whom作定语从句中介词的宾语，而这个介词又放在它的前面时就不能用who 代替。
eg. The comrade whom / who you spoke to is a model worker.
The comrade to whom you spoke is a model.
3) whose多指人，也可指物。指物时可与of which互换使用。Whose是所有格，在定语从句中作定语。
eg. Girls whose hair is long please stand up.
He mentioned a book whose author I can’t remember now.
= the author of which
4) which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
eg. This is the book (which / that) I bought yesterday.
关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般放在关系代词之前，也有时放在定语从句后面。
eg. Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
= which they had come to the island in
但whom或which如果在定语从句中作含有介词的短语动词的宾语时，介词不能前置，须放在动词之后，尽量靠近动词本身。
eg. This is the key which you are looking for.
The baby whom he is looking after is his sister.
在定语从句中作介词的宾语的关系代词whom, which在被省略的情况下，介词不能前置。
eg. I have the book you are talking about.
5) that指物或指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，还可用作表语，作宾语或表语时可以被省略。
eg. He is not the man (that) he used to be.
表语
that 在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能前置。
C.f. The house in which we live is not large.
The house which we live in is not large.
The house that we live in is not large.
The house we live in is not large.
that指物时，一般都可以和which互换使用，但在下列情况下一般用that 而不用which。
ⅰ)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none 等不定代词时。
eg. I am interested in all (that) you have told me.
= what
ⅱ)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few修饰时。
eg. I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.
ⅲ)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
eg. This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.
This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.
ⅳ)先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。
eg. This is the very book (that) I want to find.
That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
ⅴ)当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。
eg. They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.
ⅵ)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊问句时，定语从句要用that引导。
eg. Who is the person that is standing at the gate
Which is the bike that you lost
vii)关系代词作表语时。
He is not the man that he was.
定语从句的关系代词指人时不宜that而宜用who的情况。
ⅰ）先行词为one, ones, those, 或anyone ,someone, no one登泛指人的不定代词时。
eg. Anyone who wants to go to college must study hard.
Those who have been to Europe shouldn’t be given another chance.
ⅱ）表示人的先行词有较长的后置定语时。
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who can ask me questions in Chinese.
6) as
ⅰ)用于the same…as, such…as, as…as, so…as等结构中。
eg. I live in the same city as she (lives in).
ⅱ)引导一个属于附加说明性质的定语从句，表示“正如……”，可放在主句的前面或后面，并有逗号和主句隔开。
eg. As we have seen, … 正如我们所见的，……
As is known to all, … 众所周知，……
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样
as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
2． 关系副词的用法
1） when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time, hour, morning, day, week, month, year等，可代替in / on / at which。
eg. 1949 was the year when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
= in which
There was a time when we could leave our bikes here.
Exercise: I will never forget the time ________ we spent together last summer.
time作先行词，前面如有序数词和last修饰时，引导定语从句不能用when，只能用that（可省去）。
eg. This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
2) where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place, table, room, spot, house, school, country等，可代替in / at which。
eg. A factory is a place where goods are made.
= in which
exercise: This is the place ________ we visited yesterday.
3) why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一个词，可代替for which。
eg. I’d like to know the reason why you changed the plan.
= for which
exercise: The reason ________ you gave me is not reasonable.
I. Grammar
1. Her written English is _____ to write articles in.
A. well enough B. good enough C. enough well D. enough good
2. Recently VCDs for “Teletubbies” _____ quite well among young parents.
A. are sold B. sold C. sell D. sale
3. Society _____ people from all works of life.
A. made up B. is make up C. is made up of D. is made of
4. According to the pictures sent back to earth from “Spirit”（勇气号）on Mars, we can say that there must _____ some form of water in ancient times.
A. have B. have had C. have been D. be
5. –It’s quite late now, but he hasn’t come yet.
--_____ .
A. Don’t worry. He is sure to come B. Not worry. He will come
C. Take it easy. It is sure that he will come D. Cheer up. He will be sure to come
6. I don’t think _____ for parents to send their young children to study abroad.
A. it being necessary B. that necessary C. it necessary D. necessary
7. He likes sports, ____ I’d rather collect stamps.
A. then B. otherwise C. therefore D. while
8. The seats in the second plane ____.
A. had completely been almost all filled B. had almost been completely filled all
C. has all been almost completely filled D. had almost all been completely filled
9. A large number of cars _____ parked in front of our school.
A. are B. is C. was D. has
10. If you are really interested in this apartment, I will _____ to the landlord _____ the rent tomorrow.
A. talk, of B. say, over C. speak, about D. discuss, with
11. They set out to search _____ the mountain _____ the spy.
A. for, for B. /, for C. of, for D. for, /
12. He _____ on a picnic with his friends. Which choice is WRONG
A. is fond to go B. is fond of going C. likes going D. goes in for going
23. I spilled some tomato sauce on my coat. Now I need to get my coat _____.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. clean
14. It is of no use _____ over the spilled milk.
A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. to have cried
15. Do you know the man _____ shook hands with Mr. Depp just now
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
II. Vocabulary
1. Housekeeping _____ cooking, washing dishes, sweeping, cleaning etc.
A. contains B. involves C. occupies D. holds
2. Though they are twins, I can still _____ one from the other.
A. separate B. make C. tell D. differentiate
3. The close _____ are not allowed to get married.
A. activities B. friends C. relations D. relatives
4. Excuse me for a while; I have to _____ a phone call from one of my cousins in New Zealand.
A. answer B. accept C. receive D. get
5. A chef is a _____ cook, especially the chief cook in a hotel or restaurant.
A. capable B. skillful C. skilled D. able
6. He wants to get a better _____ and earn more money.
A. profession B. job C. work D. career
7. At last, the young girl found something to do in a furniture（家具）_____.
A. industry B. society C. factory D. fabric
8. I can’t give you an answer yet. I’d like _____ a lot of time to consider my decision.
A. fairly B. hardly C. rather D. quite
9. She is not going to buy the sofa because it _____ too much room in the living room.
A. takes away B. takes on C. takes off D. takes up
10. “When did you _____ baseball ”
“When I entered the middle school.”
A. begin B. take up C. pick up D. play
11. At the age of 15, he decided to take up the stage as a(an) _____ .
A. career B. job C. work D. occupation
12. After questioning the man for a whole day, the police _____ the information.
A. took B. seized C. made D. obtained
13. It isn’t quite _____ that he will be present at the meeting.
A. exact B. certain C. sure D. right
14. This kind of clothes is _____ in fashion now.
A. not long B. no more C. any more D. no longer
15. Many countries around the world got _____ in SARS and about 800 people died of this disease.
A. included B. involved C. interested D. interrupted
16. She’s an excellent athlete who is already _____ world competition.
A. having impact on B. making impact in
C. having impacts on D. making an impact in
17. Mary always leaves home at eight o’clock but today is a(an) _____, she will come late.
A. exception B. expect C. example D. evidence
III. Choose the right phrases and fill in the blanks in their proper forms.
be involved in operate on grow up take an interest inat the end of be different from on one’s own no longer all through one’s life practice law
1. She wants to be a teacher when she __________ .
2. __________ the war, the government made many promises for a better future.
3. The driver of the car __________ immediately after being sent to the hospital.
4. He used to work in that factory, but now he __________ works there.
5. This job __________ what I’m used to.
6. Your grandfather did the gardening all __________ .
7. We __________ the negotiations until the last minute.
8. Babies soon begin to __________ the world around them.
9. Lincoln was devoted to the freedom for the slaves ____________________.
10.
IV. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given in the brackets.
1. A new teaching building __________ (build) in our school now.
2. The fish ___________ (smell) terrible. Why not throw it away
3. While the meeting __________ (go) on, the headmaster came in.
4. She __________ (feel) sorry for what she had said.
5. Sit here and your coffee __________ (bring) to you in a while.
6. How long __________ it __________ (take) you to finish your composition last night
7. Nobody __________ (find) in the classroom yesterday.
8. Instead of __________ (watch) TV, they talked about something important last night.
9. Is it necessary for him __________ (return) the book at once
10. He __________ (repair) his bicycle when his teacher came out.
V. Translation
1. 这个医疗队由三名医生和两名护士组成。(be made up of)
2. 琼在大学时开始对艺术感兴趣。(take up)
3. 医生的医术有时决定着病人的生与死。(difference between)
4. 多食蔬菜有助于我们保持身体健康。（stay）
5. 欧洲所有国家无一例外地卷入了那场战争。( be involved in, without exception)
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Unit 1 Occupation
Word Study
1. society n.
(1) ［U］社会
Society has a right to expect us to obey the law. 社会有权要求我们守法。
(2) ［C］社团，协会
/(the) Consumers’ Society 消费者协会 Law Society 法律协会
作“社会”解时，society无冠词；作“社团”解时，可用冠词。
相关词：adj. social 社会的 ；有关社会的 sociable 爱交际的，善于交际的
adj. socialist 社会主义的 n . socialism 社会主义
2. professional
(1) n. 专业人员；行家
Mr Smith is wearing a white gown and looks like a professional.
史密斯先生穿了件白大褂；看上去就像个专业人员。
We are all professionals at our jobs.
我们都是我们所做工作的行家。
(2) adj. 专业的，职业的
I want to be a professional photographer. 我想当职业摄影家。
相关词：n. profession 专业；职业
3. involve vt.
(1) 牵涉，使介入，使涉及
Don't involve me in your quarrel. 别把我卷入你们的纠纷。
Joan was involved in that case. 琼同这案子有关。
(2) 需要
The plan involves the cooperation of both young and old.
这计划需要年轻人和老年人的合作。
This job involves little work. 这任务的工作量不大。
(3) 包含，包括
Taking the job involves living in Shanghai. 接受这份工作包括要住在上海。
相关词：adj. involved 有关联的 n. involvement 牵连，参与，介入
4. order
v. (1) 订购，点菜
Have you ordered, Sir 先生，您点过菜了吗？
(2) 命令，嘱咐
The captain ordered that all the passengers should leave the ship at once.
船长命令所有的乘客都必须立刻离开轮船。
n.(1) 订单，订购/货，点菜（单）
I would like to place an order for a large pine table. 我想订购一张松木桌子。
(2) 命令
Soldiers must obey orders. 士兵必须服从命令。
(3) 顺序
The children lined up in order of age. 孩子们按照年龄的顺序排队。
(4) ［U］秩序
While the teacher was ill at home, the class was in order.
老师生病在家时，班级还是秩序井然。
(5) 目的，目标
In order to understand how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry. 为了弄懂人的身体是怎么回事，你需要有一些化学知识。
He got up early in order that he might catch the early train to Paris.
他早起是为了能赶上到巴黎的早班车。
5. impact
n. (1) 影响，作用
The stories of Harry Potter have/make a great impact on the children.
哈利·波特的故事对孩子们有很大的影响。
(2) 撞击
The car hit the wall, and the impact broke the windscreen.
当汽车撞到墙上的时候，冲击力震碎了挡风玻璃。
vi. 对……有影响，影响
The failure of the transportation system impacts on our daily lives.
公共交通系统的瘫痪影响着我们的日常生活。
6. surgeon n. 外科医生
相关词：physician 内科医生 n. surgery 外科（手术）
7. organ n.
(1) 器官
The heart is one of the body’s vital organs. 心脏是人体最重要的器官之一。
(2) 机构，机关
The police force is an organ of the government. 警察是政府的一个机构。
相关词：adj . organic 有机的，器官的 n . organization 组织，安排
v. organize 组织
8. skill n . 技能，技巧
He’s a sculptor with great skill. 他是位技术高超的雕刻家。
相关词：adj . skillful 熟练的
9. exception n . 例外 without exception 没有例外
You must answer all the questions without exception.
你要回答所有的问题，不得有例外。
His case is an exception. 他的情况是一个例外。
相关词：prep . except 除了 adj. exceptional 不平常的，杰出的（常用于褒义）
比较：except / except for / besides
He gets up early every day except Sunday. (从同一类事物的总体中除去一部分)
The composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes. (用于非同一类事物)
We all agreed besides him. (除……外，还有)
10. favour
v .(1) 偏爱
Parents shouldn’t favour boys over girls. 父母不可偏爱男孩子。
(2) 赞成，支持（计划等）
We favour Tom’s plan. 我们赞成汤姆的计划。
n .(1) 恩惠；善意的行动
do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人一个忙
ask sb a favour = ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙
(2) 偏爱，偏袒
That child is clearly in favour; she has been given an extra biscuit.
那个孩子明显得宠，她被多给了一块饼干。
(3) 赞成
Last night people voted in favour of the new law.
昨天晚上人们投票赞成这部新的法律。
相关词：adj . favourable 有利的 adj . / n . favourite 最喜欢的（东西）
11. cooperate vi . 合作
In the kindergarten children start to learn how to cooperate (with each other).
在幼儿园里孩子们已开始学习如何合作了。
相关词：n . cooperation 合作，协作 adj . cooperative合作的，协作的；合作（完成）的
12. relative
(1) n . 亲属，亲戚
Tom’s aunt was his nearest relative. 姑妈是汤姆最亲的亲戚了。
(2) adj . 相对的，相关的；相比较的
a relative clause 定语从句
They are living in relative comfort. 他们现在生活得比较舒服（跟过去或别人比）。
同义词：relation 作亲戚解时同义。
相关词：n. relation 关系 n. relativity 相对论 v. relate 使联系，与……产生联系
adj. related 与……有关的；有联系的
13. fashion n. 潮流，流行，时尚
old-fashioned 老式的，过时的
Long hair was in fashion years ago while it is out of fashion now.
前几年流行长头发，但现在已经过时了。
相关词：adj. fashionable 时髦的
14. style n.
(1)（尤指服装的）式样；时尚
in / out of style 很时尚 / 不时尚 the latest styles of hats 最新的帽子式样
For a long time long hair is in style with boys. 留长发长期以来在男青年中很流行。
(2.) 文体；风格
She is a very popular writer but I don’t like her style.
她是个受欢迎的作家，但我不喜欢她的文风。
(3) 方式，方法
That is a typical Chinese style of living. 那是典型的中国生活方式。
Children have different styles of learning. 孩子们有各种不同的学习方法。
相关词：adj. stylish 流行的
15. grow up 长大成人
What do you want to be when you grow up 你长大后想当什么？
I’m going to be an artist when I grow up. 我长大了要当一名艺术家。
相关词：grown-up adj. 长大的 n. 成人 (pl.) grown-ups
16. take up
(1) 开始从事（某事，尤指职业）
She has taken up a job as a nurse. 她开始从事护士工作。
(2) 开始从事（某项活动）；对……产生兴趣
take up gardening, golf, acting, etc. 从事园艺、高尔夫球、表演等。
She took up painting after she retired last year. 她去年退休后就开始学画画。
(3) 占用（时间或空间）
The job took up most of the weekend. 这项工作占用了大半个周末。
It doesn’t take up much room. 它不占太大的空间。
I don’t like spelling for it take up too much time.我不喜欢拼写单词，因为花时间太多。
17. occupation n.
(1) 工作，职业
a poorly paid occupation 工资很低的工作
比较：occupation / work / job / career 都含“工作”的意思。
occupation是正式用语，通常在填表格时使用：In the space marked “occupation” she wrote “police office”.
work 是指有报酬的工作，尤其是定期的报酬：He found work at the bank. 但有时也可以指没有报酬或不为他人而做的工作：voluntary work（义务工作），housework（家务）
job指一个人赖以生存的工作，尤指为他人工作：I need a part-time job.
career指人一生的事业：His political career began 20 years ago.
(2) 占用，占有
under one’s occupation 被某人占有
相关词：vt. occupy 占据，占有 adj. occupational 职业的；军事占领的
18. various 不同的，各种各样的
There are various ways of cooking eggs. 煮鸡蛋有各种不同的方法。
相关词：adv . variously 不同地，各种各样地 n . variety 变化，多样化
v . vary （彼此）不同；（使）变化，改变
19. be made up of 由……组成（或构成）
The medical team was made up of three doctors and two nurses.
这个医疗队由三位医生和两位护士组成。
A car is made up of many different parts. 一辆小汽车是由许多零件组成的。
The orchestra is made up of wonderful musicians. 这支管弦乐队由出色的音乐家组成。
近义词组：consist of; be composed of
比较：be made of / be made from / be made into / be made up of
The table is made of wood. （经加工后仍能辨认出原材料）
Bread is made from wheat. （经加工后无法辨认出原材料）
Milk can be made into butter and cheese. (把原料做成一种成品)
All animal bodies are made up of cells. （一个整体由若干个个体组成）
20. all walks of life / every walk of life 各行各业
walk n . 职业；行业；社会阶层
The members of the club include people from all walks of life.
俱乐部的成员包括各阶层的人士。
A doctor and a street cleaner are in different walks of life.
医生和道路清洁工是不同的行业。
21. explain vt .
Please explain this rule to me. 请给我解释这条规则。
The enclosed letter will explain what has happened. 内附的信会解释所发生的事。
相关词：n . explanation
Martin shook his head, but gave no explanation. 马丁摇摇头，没做任何解释。
21. operate v . 操作，动手术
Can you operate that machine 你会操作那台机器吗？
The sooner we operate on him, the better. 我们越快给他做手术越好。
相关词：n . operation 操作，行动，手术
Two days later the operation was performed. 手术是两天后做的。
22. mean the difference between life and death 生死攸关
Swimming skills may sometimes mean all the difference between life and death.
游泳技术有时可能意味着是生还是死。
23. no longer = not … any longer 不再
He no longer lives here. / He doesn’t live here any longer. 他已不住在这儿了。
比较：no more = not … any more
24. without exception 毫无例外 with the exception of 除了
Everyone was tired with the exception of John. 除了约翰，每个人都累了。
25. be favoured (over) 胜过；得到偏爱
Females are favoured over males in that kind of job. 与男性相比，那种工作更欢迎女性去做。
26. work at 致力于
He is working at new invention. 他正致力于一项新的发明。
I’m working at my novel. 我正在写我的小说。
27. sell v . 出售，卖
Did you sell postcards 你们卖明信片吗？
I’ll sell it to you for $50. 我以50美元卖给你。
Is the book selling well 这书好卖吗？
The shop sold out all their silk shirts. 这家商店卖完了所有的真丝衬衫。
相关词：n . sale
The sale of his old house made him sad. 卖掉老房子使他很伤心。
28. by oneself 单独，独自
You’re supposed to work out the problems by yourself. 你理应单独解决这些难题。
29. get rich quick 暴富
When gold mine was discovered in the West, thousands of people who wanted to get rich quick flocked there. 当西部发现金矿时，想暴富的人蜂拥而至。
30. hard-earned money 血汗钱
It’s hard to imagine how sad he was to lose his hard-earned money. 真难想象，他丢了血汗钱有多难受。
WORD BANK
accountant 会计 agent 代理人 armyman 军人 astronaut 宇航员
athlete 运动员 attendant 服务员 barber （尤指为男子服务的）理发师
caretaker / janitor （学校、小区）看门人 cashier 出纳员 custom officer 海关关员
diplomat 外交官 director 主任，局长，处长 engineer 工程师
garbage collector 垃圾清理工 hairdresser （尤指为女子服务的）理发师
judge 法官 lawyer 律师 mechanic 技工；机修工 physician 内科医生
pilot 飞行员 reporter 记者 sailor / seaman 海员 weatherman 气象员
* * * * * * * * * * *
1. career n. 事业，生涯
His career was ruined because of the hacking. 由于黑客活动，他的事业被毁了。
同义词：job / work / occupation / career
career 主要指终身职业，如：He made teaching his career. 他以教学为终身事业。
job和work常指为谋生的工作；
occupation也指谋生的工作，但比job和work正式。
相关词：adj. career-conscious 有事业感的
2. management n. 经营；管理
If the owner isn’t skilled in management, his company will face difficulty.
如果老板不善经营，那他的公司会面临困难。
相关词：v. manage 经营；管理 n. manager 经理
3. grateful adj. 感激的
be grateful to sb. For (some reason) 因……而对某人表示感激
相关词：n. gratitude 感激
4. composer n. 作曲家
The beautiful song is the work of an unknown composer.
这首优美的歌曲是位无名作曲家的作品。
相关词：v. compose 作曲，合成 n. composition 写作，乐曲
5. probably adv. 很可能
相关词：adj. probable 很可能的，很可能发生的
6. even though / if 即使；尽管（引导让步状语从句）
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管天下着雨，但他还是出去了。
7. make up one’s mind 下决心，决定
I made up my mind to go with him. 我决定和他一起去。
8. take an interest in 对……感兴趣
He takes an great interest in cartoons. 他对卡通有极大的兴趣。
9. on one’s own 单独地，独立地
He can be left to work on his own. 这工作可交给他一个人做。
比较：of one’s own （属于）自己的
He wants to have a room of his own. 他想要一间属于自己的房间。
10. give up 放弃；不再做
She gave up her present job and went to a village. 她放弃了现在的工作，去了农村。
He has given up playing football. 他已经不再踢足球了。
Grammar
The Relative Clause
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，或整个主句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as。关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词既联系定语从句和它的先行词，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分（主语、宾语、介词宾语、定语、状语或表语）。
1． 关系代词的用法
1） who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。
eg. The man who wears a pair of glasses is our teacher.
2) whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，往往被省略，常用who代替whom.
eg. Where is the man (whom / who) I saw this morning
如果关系代词whom作定语从句中介词的宾语，而这个介词又放在它的前面时就不能用who 代替。
eg. The comrade whom / who you spoke to is a model worker.
The comrade to whom you spoke is a model.
3) whose多指人，也可指物。指物时可与of which互换使用。Whose是所有格，在定语从句中作定语。
eg. Girls whose hair is long please stand up.
He mentioned a book whose author I can’t remember now.
= the author of which
4) which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
eg. This is the book (which / that) I bought yesterday.
关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般放在关系代词之前，也有时放在定语从句后面。
eg. Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
= which they had come to the island in
但whom或which如果在定语从句中作含有介词的短语动词的宾语时，介词不能前置，须放在动词之后，尽量靠近动词本身。
eg. This is the key which you are looking for.
The baby whom he is looking after is his sister.
在定语从句中作介词的宾语的关系代词whom, which在被省略的情况下，介词不能前置。
eg. I have the book you are talking about.
5) that指物或指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，还可用作表语，作宾语或表语时可以被省略。
eg. He is not the man (that) he used to be.
表语
that 在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能前置。
C.f. The house in which we live is not large.
The house which we live in is not large.
The house that we live in is not large.
The house we live in is not large.
that指物时，一般都可以和which互换使用，但在下列情况下一般用that 而不用which。
ⅰ)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none 等不定代词时。
eg. I am interested in all (that) you have told me.
= what
ⅱ)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few修饰时。
eg. I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.
ⅲ)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
eg. This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.
This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.
ⅳ)先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。
eg. This is the very book (that) I want to find.
That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.
ⅴ)当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。
eg. They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.
ⅵ)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊问句时，定语从句要用that引导。
eg. Who is the person that is standing at the gate
Which is the bike that you lost
vii)关系代词作表语时。
He is not the man that he was.
定语从句的关系代词指人时不宜that而宜用who的情况。
ⅰ）先行词为one, ones, those, 或anyone ,someone, no one登泛指人的不定代词时。
eg. Anyone who wants to go to college must study hard.
Those who have been to Europe shouldn’t be given another chance.
ⅱ）表示人的先行词有较长的后置定语时。
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who can ask me questions in Chinese.
6) as
ⅰ)用于the same…as, such…as, as…as, so…as等结构中。
eg. I live in the same city as she (lives in).
ⅱ)引导一个属于附加说明性质的定语从句，表示“正如……”，可放在主句的前面或后面，并有逗号和主句隔开。
eg. As we have seen, … 正如我们所见的，……
As is known to all, … 众所周知，……
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样
as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
2． 关系副词的用法
1） when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time, hour, morning, day, week, month, year等，可代替in / on / at which。
eg. 1949 was the year when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
= in which
There was a time when we could leave our bikes here.
Exercise: I will never forget the time ________ we spent together last summer.
time作先行词，前面如有序数词和last修饰时，引导定语从句不能用when，只能用that（可省去）。
eg. This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
2) where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place, table, room, spot, house, school, country等，可代替in / at which。
eg. A factory is a place where goods are made.
= in which
exercise: This is the place ________ we visited yesterday.
3) why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一个词，可代替for which。
eg. I’d like to know the reason why you changed the plan.
= for which
exercise: The reason ________ you gave me is not reasonable.
I. Grammar
1. Her written English is _____ to write articles in.
A. well enough B. good enough C. enough well D. enough good
2. Recently VCDs for “Teletubbies” _____ quite well among young parents.
A. are sold B. sold C. sell D. sale
3. Society _____ people from all works of life.
A. made up B. is make up C. is made up of D. is made of
4. According to the pictures sent back to earth from “Spirit”（勇气号）on Mars, we can say that there must _____ some form of water in ancient times.
A. have B. have had C. have been D. be
5. –It’s quite late now, but he hasn’t come yet.
--_____ .
A. Don’t worry. He is sure to come B. Not worry. He will come
C. Take it easy. It is sure that he will come D. Cheer up. He will be sure to come
6. I don’t think _____ for parents to send their young children to study abroad.
A. it being necessary B. that necessary C. it necessary D. necessary
7. He likes sports, ____ I’d rather collect stamps.
A. then B. otherwise C. therefore D. while
8. The seats in the second plane ____.
A. had completely been almost all filled B. had almost been completely filled all
C. has all been almost completely filled D. had almost all been completely filled
9. A large number of cars _____ parked in front of our school.
A. are B. is C. was D. has
10. If you are really interested in this apartment, I will _____ to the landlord _____ the rent tomorrow.
A. talk, of B. say, over C. speak, about D. discuss, with
11. They set out to search _____ the mountain _____ the spy.
A. for, for B. /, for C. of, for D. for, /
12. He _____ on a picnic with his friends. Which choice is WRONG
A. is fond to go B. is fond of going C. likes going D. goes in for going
23. I spilled some tomato sauce on my coat. Now I need to get my coat _____.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. clean
14. It is of no use _____ over the spilled milk.
A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. to have cried
15. Do you know the man _____ shook hands with Mr. Depp just now
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
II. Vocabulary
1. Housekeeping _____ cooking, washing dishes, sweeping, cleaning etc.
A. contains B. involves C. occupies D. holds
2. Though they are twins, I can still _____ one from the other.
A. separate B. make C. tell D. differentiate
3. The close _____ are not allowed to get married.
A. activities B. friends C. relations D. relatives
4. Excuse me for a while; I have to _____ a phone call from one of my cousins in New Zealand.
A. answer B. accept C. receive D. get
5. A chef is a _____ cook, especially the chief cook in a hotel or restaurant.
A. capable B. skillful C. skilled D. able
6. He wants to get a better _____ and earn more money.
A. profession B. job C. work D. career
7. At last, the young girl found something to do in a furniture（家具）_____.
A. industry B. society C. factory D. fabric
8. I can’t give you an answer yet. I’d like _____ a lot of time to consider my decision.
A. fairly B. hardly C. rather D. quite
9. She is not going to buy the sofa because it _____ too much room in the living room.
A. takes away B. takes on C. takes off D. takes up
10. “When did you _____ baseball ”
“When I entered the middle school.”
A. begin B. take up C. pick up D. play
11. At the age of 15, he decided to take up the stage as a(an) _____ .
A. career B. job C. work D. occupation
12. After questioning the man for a whole day, the police _____ the information.
A. took B. seized C. made D. obtained
13. It isn’t quite _____ that he will be present at the meeting.
A. exact B. certain C. sure D. right
14. This kind of clothes is _____ in fashion now.
A. not long B. no more C. any more D. no longer
15. Many countries around the world got _____ in SARS and about 800 people died of this disease.
A. included B. involved C. interested D. interrupted
16. She’s an excellent athlete who is already _____ world competition.
A. having impact on B. making impact in
C. having impacts on D. making an impact in
17. Mary always leaves home at eight o’clock but today is a(an) _____, she will come late.
A. exception B. expect C. example D. evidence
III. Choose the right phrases and fill in the blanks in their proper forms.
be involved in operate on grow up take an interest inat the end of be different from on one’s own no longer all through one’s life practice law
1. She wants to be a teacher when she __________ .
2. __________ the war, the government made many promises for a better future.
3. The driver of the car __________ immediately after being sent to the hospital.
4. He used to work in that factory, but now he __________ works there.
5. This job __________ what I’m used to.
6. Your grandfather did the gardening all __________ .
7. We __________ the negotiations until the last minute.
8. Babies soon begin to __________ the world around them.
9. Lincoln was devoted to the freedom for the slaves ____________________.
10.
IV. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given in the brackets.
1. A new teaching building __________ (build) in our school now.
2. The fish ___________ (smell) terrible. Why not throw it away
3. While the meeting __________ (go) on, the headmaster came in.
4. She __________ (feel) sorry for what she had said.
5. Sit here and your coffee __________ (bring) to you in a while.
6. How long __________ it __________ (take) you to finish your composition last night
7. Nobody __________ (find) in the classroom yesterday.
8. Instead of __________ (watch) TV, they talked about something important last night.
9. Is it necessary for him __________ (return) the book at once
10. He __________ (repair) his bicycle when his teacher came out.
V. Translation
1. 这个医疗队由三名医生和两名护士组成。(be made up of)
2. 琼在大学时开始对艺术感兴趣。(take up)
3. 医生的医术有时决定着病人的生与死。(difference between)
4. 多食蔬菜有助于我们保持身体健康。（stay）
5. 欧洲所有国家无一例外地卷入了那场战争。( be involved in, without exception)
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