高三英语作文教学案
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英语作文学案
乐陵二中 卢传栋
Ⅰ. NMET书面表达第五档要求：
1. 覆盖所有的语言要点。 内容要点可用不同方式表达。对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
2. 应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性。值得注意的是语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致; 具备较强的语言运用能力。
3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
Ⅱ. 习作分析:
联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员，请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：
1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。
2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。
3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。
注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。 2）词数：100-120之间。
学生作品：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school! ① This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ② It has changed a lot since 1978 ③. People here ④ are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.
In the past, the school here was very small ⑤. ⑥ Now it has been rebuilt. ⑦ The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys ⑧. It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨ They enjoy free education in it.
⑩ Thank you.
点 评：
优 点：段落清楚，要点齐全
不足之处：1. 汉语式英语; 2. 无过渡语; 3. 句式单一, 平铺直叙.
修改之后：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school! ① This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ② However, it has changed a lot since 1978 ③ and has been developing very fast. ④ People here live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look.
In the past, the school here was very small ⑤ and most children couldn’t afford to go to school. ⑥ But now it has been rebuilt ⑦ and the newly built teaching building ⑧ which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨ What’s more, they enjoy free education.
⑩ May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you.
点 评: 1、段落清楚，要点齐全，句式表达比较灵活，能适当运用复合句。
2、过渡词及连词的使用使文章结构紧凑连贯、条理清楚。
（同学们，我们如何使自己的英语作文达到这样的效果呢？……）
Ⅲ. 如何增强书面表达效果:
使用较高级的词汇
使用恰当的连接词
使用较丰富的句式
一、怎样使用较高级的词汇
1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.
Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable.
2. We all think he is a great man.
We all think highly of him.
3. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.
A good idea occurred to me. / A good idea suddenly struck me.
4. The students there needn’t pay for their books.
Books are free for the students there.
5. As a result the plan was a failure.
The plan turned out to be a failure.
6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.
At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow.
7. She went to Austria in order to study music.
She went to Austria for the purpose of studying music.
8. You can find my house easily.
You’ll have no trouble finding my house.
二、怎样使用恰当的连接词
连接词使文章语意通顺，前后衔接紧密，可采用以下方法：
提示1：恰当使用关联词，如when，so，if，because，so that等。
提示2：巧妙使用意思有联系的词或短语，如First, Second, Third, Soon, What’s more, As a result等。
提示3：适当使用过渡性语句，如The reasons are as follows./Every coin has two sides./On the other hand,/On the contrary,
Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. ( 2007全国I)
First, she can make some pocket money to meet pet daily needs and thus develop a sense of independence. Second, she can learn how to deal with various problems in the workplace. Third, she can build up new friendships and improve bet social skills. (2007陕西)
In my opinion, learning English is a step-by-step process. (2007浙江)
连接词的选择
1、并列关系：and/both---and/as well as/neither---nor/not only---but also
2、转折关系：but/yet/ however/nevertheless/otherwise/while/ although /on the contrary / on the other hand /in spite of
3、对比关系：on the contrary/instead of/on the other hand/just like/unlike
4、递进关系：
（肯定）Besides/What’s more/Also /In addition/Furthermore/moreover
（否定）What’s worse/Even worse/Worse still/To make matters worse
5、因果关系：so/for/therefore/because/as a result/thanks to due to/owing to/on account of
6、时间关系：
一…就…：The moment / On doing / as soon as /immediately / directly
不 久：It was not long before … / After a while / Soon
然 后：After that / Then / So / Next
同 时： At the same time / Meanwhile
7、顺 序：First / Second / Third / Last / Next/Then/finally/in the end
8、条件关系：If / As long as / So long as /on condition that / unless
9、强 调：It was …that / who …/ So she did . /I do hope … /She did help me. /It really worked./ besides/ furthermore/moreover/what’s more/ certainly/ actually/ in fact
10、解释说明：namely/actually/such as/for example/for instance/that is to say/in other words/and so on/to tell you the truth/according to this
11、表示结论：In a word / In short/in brief / Above all / After all/ generally speaking/ to sum up/ in all/altogether / as is known to all/as far as I know/on the whole
12、其 它：
惊 奇：To one’s surprise / In surprise / Surprisingly / only +不定式（表意外结果）
结 果：As a result / Therefore / Thus / So
表 达 观 点：In one’s opinion /in one’s view /I think / I believe / I’m sure
原因如下（很多）：he reasons are as follows. /here are many reasons for it.
Task1: 请在下列句子中（间）填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。
1、 Yao Ming was walking in the street when he heard someone cry for help.
2、 He advised that I hire a car so that/in order that I could travel around in the west.
3、 It was not long before the police came.
4、 As soon as/Immediately/Directly/The moment he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl.
5、 Do you agree with my arrangement If not, do write to me soon.
6、 We can go downtown and do some shopping, What’s more/Besides/Also/Furthermore/In addition we can pay a visit to some places of interest
7、I shared the cost of the gas with my friends. As a result/Therefore, I saved $80.
8、Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. What’s worse/Even worse//To make matters worse, it may make us fat.
Task2: Writing Practice
请你给《中国日报》写一篇稿件，谈谈农村儿童失学的主要原因及你的看法。
原因: 1、家庭贫穷，供不起儿童上学，他们不得不在家赚钱养家。
2、部分家长认为女孩上学无用，不愿让她们上学。
3、 部分儿童对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。
看法: 1、 每个儿童包括女孩都应有受教育的机会。
2、全社会都应重视儿童教育，他们对国家的未来将起到重要的作用。
要求: 1、不要逐字逐句翻译。2、语句要连贯通顺。3、字数100个左右。
Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school. The reasons are as follow. /There are many reasons for this. First, most families are too poor to send their children to school. As a result, they have no choice but to stay at home and make money. Second, some parents think there is no need for their daughters to go to school. So/Therefore, they don’t let them go to school. Third, some children are not interested in their studies. What’s worse/Worse still/Even worse/To make matters worse, some wouldn’t like to go to school.
In my opinion, all the children including girls should be educated. What’s more /Besides, the whole society should pay attention to it because they’ll play an important part in the future of our country one day.
三、怎样使用较丰富的句式
方法一. 使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档
Rewrite the sentences
1. They arrived at the school. They felt the happy atmosphere.
When they arrived at the school, they felt the happy atmosphere.
Arriving at the school, they felt the happy atmosphere.
2. I will be given another chance. I will succeed.
If I am given another chance, I will succeed.
Given another chance, I will succeed.
3. He wants to improve his English. He studies hard.
In order to improve his English, he studies hard.
4 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）.
On his arriving, please give me an e-mail.
Complete the sentences with non-predicate (非谓语动词)
5. 尽管被告知许多遍, 他仍然重复这个错。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the mistake.
6. 除非被邀请发言, 你应该在会议上保持沉默。
Unless invited to speak, you should keep silent at the meeting.
Translate the following sentences by using non-predicate (非谓语动词)
7. 面对困难时，他从不放弃。
Faced with/Facing difficulties, he never gives up.
8. 做完作业后，他回家了。
Having finished his homework, he returned home.
方法二. 巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力
Complete the sentences
1. He didn’t realize his foolishness until he returned home.
Not until he returned home did he realize his foolishness.
2. We can save the earth by changing the way we live.
Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
3. He is clever but he does not work hard.
Clever as / though he is, he does not work hard. .
4. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street.
On the other side of the street stands the clock tower.
Translate the sentences by using Inverted Sentences(倒装句)
5. 他从不说关于他家庭的事。
Never did he speak about his own family.
6. 只有我们每个人都意识到水的重要性, 我们才能生活得更好。
Only when each of us realizes the importance of water, can we live a better life.
7. Describe the character by using
Inverted Sentence(倒装句)
Poor as/though he was, he was happy.
8. 墙上有个通知，上面写着“请节约用水”。
On the wall is a notice saying “Please Save Water”.
方法三. 尝试多样化表达方式
1、感叹句 e.g. 1) How happy I was when I received your letter.
2） What a kind boy he is!
2、强调句 e.g. It was this young boy that helped the old granny.
3、省略句 e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus.
4、with短语 e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.
5、定语从句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information.
6、各种名词性从句 e.g. That’s what I should do.
7、各种状语从句 e.g. Use different ways to describe the picture
一…就受到欢迎
a. As soon as Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport, they were warmly welcomed.
b. On arriving at the airport, Lien Chan and his wife…
c. Lien Chan and his wife were warmly welcomed directly/ the moment they arrived at the airport.
d. No sooner/ Hardly had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport than/ when they were …
Task: 按要求改写下列句子,使其更具文采。
1. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (强调句型)
It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.
2. I hope I can pay a visit to you next year.（强调）
I do hope I can pay a visit to you next year.
3. Tom was puzzled.（感叹）
How puzzled Tom was!
4. It is great fun to climb the hill.（感叹）
What great fun it is to climb the hill!
5. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.
6. Soon the firefighters came.（表时间句型）
It was not long before the firefighters came.
7. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast. All these make people’s lives convenient, pleasant and colorful.
a. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast, which makes people’s lives convenient, pleasant…
b. With the development of Beijing, people’s lives are becoming more and more convenient, pleasant and colorful.
c. Nowadays, Beijing is developing so fast that people’s lives are getting more convenient, pleasant and colorful.
8．Translate the sentences:
我校是一所市重点中学，位于
乐陵西郊。校园很美,绿树成荫。
West of Leling lies our school,
which is a key school of Dezhou city.
It is beautiful, surrounded with many trees/with many trees.
Ⅳ. 习作赏析;
某中学生英语报社正开展一场题为“Young teachers or elderly teachers，which do you prefer ”
请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短文，向该报社投稿。
注意：1．词数100左右，开头语已为你写好，不计入总数；
2．短文必须包含表格的全部内容。要求观点明确，结构合理，紧凑连贯
建议:
对于英语基础不好的学生，可以这样处理：把所给的材料分为几个点，每个点用1-2句简单句表达出来；而对于英语较好的学生，尽可能地运用一些高级词汇跟适当地运用一些复合句，关键是要表达准确到位。
1. 重点词汇的处理跟运用
1）Elderly teachers have more patience. /They are more patient.
2) Elderly teachers always explain things more carefully.
They are more careful with explanations.
3) Elderly teachers are rich in teaching experience.
They are experienced in teaching. /They have more/rich teaching experience.
4) Young teachers are full of energy. /They have more energy. /They are more energetic.
5) Young teachers’ teaching is more lively. /They can make their classes lively and interesting.
6) Young teachers like to think up/bring in new ideas.
They are more ready to accept or create new ideas.
2. 句型的灵活运用
1) Some students may think old teachers’ teaching is better. In their opinion, old teachers have more teaching experience and they are very patient. Also, they can explain things more carefully.
Some students may like elderly teachers’ teaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations.
2) Many young teachers work very hard. So their teaching is becoming better and better.
Most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.
范文:
Opinions are divided on this question. Some students may like elderly teachers’ teaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. However, I prefer to be taught by young teachers. Firstly, we students have much in common with them. So they are our friends as well as our teachers. Secondly, they are more .energetic and enthusiastic. Usually they can make their classes lively and interesting. Besides, they are more ready to accept or create new ideas, including teaching. Thirdly, most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.
In a word, I prefer young teachers to elderly teachers.
Ⅴ.高考链接
例1：山东---2007
阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇120---150词的文章。
今年，教育部直属示范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小学任教10年以上，你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。
命题思路：
本文属于议论性文章，主要考查学生如何决断并在决断的基础上条理清楚的陈述自己的理由。从安排到语言都需要学生有一定的基础。
写作要点：1．陈述自己的观点；
2．陈述自己愿意成为师范生的原因；
3．总结归纳。
范 文：
I’m willing to become a normal university student for free and I’d like to come back to my hometown to teach at primary or middle school for ten years after graduation.
For one thing, in return for the help form society, I want to serve my hometown heart and soul; For another, it is an ideal for me to become a teacher and help the children to become useful people in the future. Besides, I also want to save some money for my father and lighter my parents’ load.
In a word, I really want to become a student in such a school.
点 评:
本文开门见山,首先表明自己的观点,然后丛几个方面阐述自己选择的理由. 文章条理清晰, 观点明确, 结构严谨, 过渡自然, 语言生动. 文章使用了一些较高级的词汇, 并运用了一些较好的过渡词语, 使文章增色不少, 如: be willing to, in return for, for one thing…for another, besides, in a word等.
例2：全国I---2007
假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：
1． 年龄；
1． 性别；
1． 爱好（旅游、运动、宠物等）。
注意：1．词数100 左右；
2． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3． 开头语已为你写好。
Dear Peter,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
Best regards,
Li Hua
命题思路：
这是一篇书信格式的应用文。意在考查学生的书信写作应用能力。
写作要点：1.对笔友的年龄，性别要求
2.对其兴趣爱好的要求
3.理由
4.恰当的结尾句
范 文：
Dear Peter,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a pen friend, I hope I can share with her our experiences in traveling, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Best regards,
Li Hua
点 评：
本文简洁明了，结构紧凑。这是一篇很好的书信应用范文。文章使用了一些很高级的词汇短语，如：in her early twenties, similar to, In my mind, Besides, share… with, have… in common, look forward to等，使文章增色不少。同时，文章还使用了定语从句，介词复合结构等语法结构更提升了文章的档次。
Ⅵ. 课堂小结
1. 使用较高级的词汇：词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。
2. 使用恰当的连接词：使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。
3. 使用较丰富的句式：运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉 。
Ⅵ. 巩固提高: 2007高考作文集锦
海南 宁夏卷
假设你是李华。美国一所友好学校准备与你们学校共同创办一份中学生英文刊物，该校格林先生来信询问有关情况。请你给他写封回信，主要内容如下：表示赞成; 提出你喜欢的栏目; 简要说明理由。
注意： 1．词数100左右。
2．信的开头和结尾已为你写好。
3．适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
4．参考词汇：栏目一column
﹡ ﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ June 8
Dear Mr. Green,
I am very excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine together._____________________
______________________________________________________________
Yours aithfully
Li Hua
浙江
在英语课堂上，你喜欢你的老师授课时只用英语，还是英语、汉语兼用？某英语杂志社就此话题邀请中学生发表看法。请你围绕“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught In English only, or in both English and Chinese ”这个问题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文。
注意：1. 词数100～120，短文开头已给出（不计词数）
2. 参考词汇：atmosphere 氛围
I prefer my English classes to be taught in …
北京
第1节 情景作文（20分）
假设你是李华，要给英国笔友Harry写封信，介绍你班两位同学精选班长的过程。请按下图顺序描述。
注意：1.信的开头已为你写好。
2.词数不少于60.
提示词：竞选班长monitor election
Dear Harry,
How are things going
Last Monday.(请将情景作文写在答题卡二第一页指定区域内)
Best wishes,
Li HUa
第2节 开放作文（15分）
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50.
In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.
全国II
一家宾馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要内容就包括：
1． 地点：距白山入口处500米；
2． 房间及价格：单人间（共20间）；
100元／天；双人间（共15间）；
150元／天；热水淋浴；
3． 餐饮：餐厅（中、西餐），咖啡厅（茶、咖啡）；
4． 游泳池：全天免费开放；
5． 欢迎预定。
注意：1词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
Welcome to Baishan Mountain Hotel
Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business.
授课形式二：英语、汉语兼用
优点：易于理解等……
缺憾：英语氛围不浓等……
结论：……
授课形式一：只用英语
优点：有助于提高听说能力等……
缺憾：不易听懂等……
结论：……
你的观点
·精力充沛．教学活泼．勇于创新
·教学耐心．讲解细致．经验丰富
青年教师
老年教师
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乐陵二中 卢传栋
Ⅰ. NMET书面表达第五档要求：
1. 覆盖所有的语言要点。 内容要点可用不同方式表达。对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
2. 应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性。值得注意的是语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致; 具备较强的语言运用能力。
3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
Ⅱ. 习作分析:
联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员，请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：
1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。
2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。
3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。
注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。 2）词数：100-120之间。
学生作品：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school! ① This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ② It has changed a lot since 1978 ③. People here ④ are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.
In the past, the school here was very small ⑤. ⑥ Now it has been rebuilt. ⑦ The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys ⑧. It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨ They enjoy free education in it.
⑩ Thank you.
点 评：
优 点：段落清楚，要点齐全
不足之处：1. 汉语式英语; 2. 无过渡语; 3. 句式单一, 平铺直叙.
修改之后：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school! ① This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ② However, it has changed a lot since 1978 ③ and has been developing very fast. ④ People here live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look.
In the past, the school here was very small ⑤ and most children couldn’t afford to go to school. ⑥ But now it has been rebuilt ⑦ and the newly built teaching building ⑧ which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨ What’s more, they enjoy free education.
⑩ May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you.
点 评: 1、段落清楚，要点齐全，句式表达比较灵活，能适当运用复合句。
2、过渡词及连词的使用使文章结构紧凑连贯、条理清楚。
（同学们，我们如何使自己的英语作文达到这样的效果呢？……）
Ⅲ. 如何增强书面表达效果:
使用较高级的词汇
使用恰当的连接词
使用较丰富的句式
一、怎样使用较高级的词汇
1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.
Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable.
2. We all think he is a great man.
We all think highly of him.
3. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.
A good idea occurred to me. / A good idea suddenly struck me.
4. The students there needn’t pay for their books.
Books are free for the students there.
5. As a result the plan was a failure.
The plan turned out to be a failure.
6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.
At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow.
7. She went to Austria in order to study music.
She went to Austria for the purpose of studying music.
8. You can find my house easily.
You’ll have no trouble finding my house.
二、怎样使用恰当的连接词
连接词使文章语意通顺，前后衔接紧密，可采用以下方法：
提示1：恰当使用关联词，如when，so，if，because，so that等。
提示2：巧妙使用意思有联系的词或短语，如First, Second, Third, Soon, What’s more, As a result等。
提示3：适当使用过渡性语句，如The reasons are as follows./Every coin has two sides./On the other hand,/On the contrary,
Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. ( 2007全国I)
First, she can make some pocket money to meet pet daily needs and thus develop a sense of independence. Second, she can learn how to deal with various problems in the workplace. Third, she can build up new friendships and improve bet social skills. (2007陕西)
In my opinion, learning English is a step-by-step process. (2007浙江)
连接词的选择
1、并列关系：and/both---and/as well as/neither---nor/not only---but also
2、转折关系：but/yet/ however/nevertheless/otherwise/while/ although /on the contrary / on the other hand /in spite of
3、对比关系：on the contrary/instead of/on the other hand/just like/unlike
4、递进关系：
（肯定）Besides/What’s more/Also /In addition/Furthermore/moreover
（否定）What’s worse/Even worse/Worse still/To make matters worse
5、因果关系：so/for/therefore/because/as a result/thanks to due to/owing to/on account of
6、时间关系：
一…就…：The moment / On doing / as soon as /immediately / directly
不 久：It was not long before … / After a while / Soon
然 后：After that / Then / So / Next
同 时： At the same time / Meanwhile
7、顺 序：First / Second / Third / Last / Next/Then/finally/in the end
8、条件关系：If / As long as / So long as /on condition that / unless
9、强 调：It was …that / who …/ So she did . /I do hope … /She did help me. /It really worked./ besides/ furthermore/moreover/what’s more/ certainly/ actually/ in fact
10、解释说明：namely/actually/such as/for example/for instance/that is to say/in other words/and so on/to tell you the truth/according to this
11、表示结论：In a word / In short/in brief / Above all / After all/ generally speaking/ to sum up/ in all/altogether / as is known to all/as far as I know/on the whole
12、其 它：
惊 奇：To one’s surprise / In surprise / Surprisingly / only +不定式（表意外结果）
结 果：As a result / Therefore / Thus / So
表 达 观 点：In one’s opinion /in one’s view /I think / I believe / I’m sure
原因如下（很多）：he reasons are as follows. /here are many reasons for it.
Task1: 请在下列句子中（间）填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。
1、 Yao Ming was walking in the street when he heard someone cry for help.
2、 He advised that I hire a car so that/in order that I could travel around in the west.
3、 It was not long before the police came.
4、 As soon as/Immediately/Directly/The moment he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl.
5、 Do you agree with my arrangement If not, do write to me soon.
6、 We can go downtown and do some shopping, What’s more/Besides/Also/Furthermore/In addition we can pay a visit to some places of interest
7、I shared the cost of the gas with my friends. As a result/Therefore, I saved $80.
8、Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. What’s worse/Even worse//To make matters worse, it may make us fat.
Task2: Writing Practice
请你给《中国日报》写一篇稿件，谈谈农村儿童失学的主要原因及你的看法。
原因: 1、家庭贫穷，供不起儿童上学，他们不得不在家赚钱养家。
2、部分家长认为女孩上学无用，不愿让她们上学。
3、 部分儿童对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。
看法: 1、 每个儿童包括女孩都应有受教育的机会。
2、全社会都应重视儿童教育，他们对国家的未来将起到重要的作用。
要求: 1、不要逐字逐句翻译。2、语句要连贯通顺。3、字数100个左右。
Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school. The reasons are as follow. /There are many reasons for this. First, most families are too poor to send their children to school. As a result, they have no choice but to stay at home and make money. Second, some parents think there is no need for their daughters to go to school. So/Therefore, they don’t let them go to school. Third, some children are not interested in their studies. What’s worse/Worse still/Even worse/To make matters worse, some wouldn’t like to go to school.
In my opinion, all the children including girls should be educated. What’s more /Besides, the whole society should pay attention to it because they’ll play an important part in the future of our country one day.
三、怎样使用较丰富的句式
方法一. 使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档
Rewrite the sentences
1. They arrived at the school. They felt the happy atmosphere.
When they arrived at the school, they felt the happy atmosphere.
Arriving at the school, they felt the happy atmosphere.
2. I will be given another chance. I will succeed.
If I am given another chance, I will succeed.
Given another chance, I will succeed.
3. He wants to improve his English. He studies hard.
In order to improve his English, he studies hard.
4 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）.
On his arriving, please give me an e-mail.
Complete the sentences with non-predicate (非谓语动词)
5. 尽管被告知许多遍, 他仍然重复这个错。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the mistake.
6. 除非被邀请发言, 你应该在会议上保持沉默。
Unless invited to speak, you should keep silent at the meeting.
Translate the following sentences by using non-predicate (非谓语动词)
7. 面对困难时，他从不放弃。
Faced with/Facing difficulties, he never gives up.
8. 做完作业后，他回家了。
Having finished his homework, he returned home.
方法二. 巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力
Complete the sentences
1. He didn’t realize his foolishness until he returned home.
Not until he returned home did he realize his foolishness.
2. We can save the earth by changing the way we live.
Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
3. He is clever but he does not work hard.
Clever as / though he is, he does not work hard. .
4. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street.
On the other side of the street stands the clock tower.
Translate the sentences by using Inverted Sentences(倒装句)
5. 他从不说关于他家庭的事。
Never did he speak about his own family.
6. 只有我们每个人都意识到水的重要性, 我们才能生活得更好。
Only when each of us realizes the importance of water, can we live a better life.
7. Describe the character by using
Inverted Sentence(倒装句)
Poor as/though he was, he was happy.
8. 墙上有个通知，上面写着“请节约用水”。
On the wall is a notice saying “Please Save Water”.
方法三. 尝试多样化表达方式
1、感叹句 e.g. 1) How happy I was when I received your letter.
2） What a kind boy he is!
2、强调句 e.g. It was this young boy that helped the old granny.
3、省略句 e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus.
4、with短语 e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.
5、定语从句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information.
6、各种名词性从句 e.g. That’s what I should do.
7、各种状语从句 e.g. Use different ways to describe the picture
一…就受到欢迎
a. As soon as Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport, they were warmly welcomed.
b. On arriving at the airport, Lien Chan and his wife…
c. Lien Chan and his wife were warmly welcomed directly/ the moment they arrived at the airport.
d. No sooner/ Hardly had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport than/ when they were …
Task: 按要求改写下列句子,使其更具文采。
1. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (强调句型)
It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.
2. I hope I can pay a visit to you next year.（强调）
I do hope I can pay a visit to you next year.
3. Tom was puzzled.（感叹）
How puzzled Tom was!
4. It is great fun to climb the hill.（感叹）
What great fun it is to climb the hill!
5. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.
6. Soon the firefighters came.（表时间句型）
It was not long before the firefighters came.
7. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast. All these make people’s lives convenient, pleasant and colorful.
a. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast, which makes people’s lives convenient, pleasant…
b. With the development of Beijing, people’s lives are becoming more and more convenient, pleasant and colorful.
c. Nowadays, Beijing is developing so fast that people’s lives are getting more convenient, pleasant and colorful.
8．Translate the sentences:
我校是一所市重点中学，位于
乐陵西郊。校园很美,绿树成荫。
West of Leling lies our school,
which is a key school of Dezhou city.
It is beautiful, surrounded with many trees/with many trees.
Ⅳ. 习作赏析;
某中学生英语报社正开展一场题为“Young teachers or elderly teachers，which do you prefer ”
请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短文，向该报社投稿。
注意：1．词数100左右，开头语已为你写好，不计入总数；
2．短文必须包含表格的全部内容。要求观点明确，结构合理，紧凑连贯
建议:
对于英语基础不好的学生，可以这样处理：把所给的材料分为几个点，每个点用1-2句简单句表达出来；而对于英语较好的学生，尽可能地运用一些高级词汇跟适当地运用一些复合句，关键是要表达准确到位。
1. 重点词汇的处理跟运用
1）Elderly teachers have more patience. /They are more patient.
2) Elderly teachers always explain things more carefully.
They are more careful with explanations.
3) Elderly teachers are rich in teaching experience.
They are experienced in teaching. /They have more/rich teaching experience.
4) Young teachers are full of energy. /They have more energy. /They are more energetic.
5) Young teachers’ teaching is more lively. /They can make their classes lively and interesting.
6) Young teachers like to think up/bring in new ideas.
They are more ready to accept or create new ideas.
2. 句型的灵活运用
1) Some students may think old teachers’ teaching is better. In their opinion, old teachers have more teaching experience and they are very patient. Also, they can explain things more carefully.
Some students may like elderly teachers’ teaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations.
2) Many young teachers work very hard. So their teaching is becoming better and better.
Most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.
范文:
Opinions are divided on this question. Some students may like elderly teachers’ teaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. However, I prefer to be taught by young teachers. Firstly, we students have much in common with them. So they are our friends as well as our teachers. Secondly, they are more .energetic and enthusiastic. Usually they can make their classes lively and interesting. Besides, they are more ready to accept or create new ideas, including teaching. Thirdly, most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.
In a word, I prefer young teachers to elderly teachers.
Ⅴ.高考链接
例1：山东---2007
阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇120---150词的文章。
今年，教育部直属示范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小学任教10年以上，你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。
命题思路：
本文属于议论性文章，主要考查学生如何决断并在决断的基础上条理清楚的陈述自己的理由。从安排到语言都需要学生有一定的基础。
写作要点：1．陈述自己的观点；
2．陈述自己愿意成为师范生的原因；
3．总结归纳。
范 文：
I’m willing to become a normal university student for free and I’d like to come back to my hometown to teach at primary or middle school for ten years after graduation.
For one thing, in return for the help form society, I want to serve my hometown heart and soul; For another, it is an ideal for me to become a teacher and help the children to become useful people in the future. Besides, I also want to save some money for my father and lighter my parents’ load.
In a word, I really want to become a student in such a school.
点 评:
本文开门见山,首先表明自己的观点,然后丛几个方面阐述自己选择的理由. 文章条理清晰, 观点明确, 结构严谨, 过渡自然, 语言生动. 文章使用了一些较高级的词汇, 并运用了一些较好的过渡词语, 使文章增色不少, 如: be willing to, in return for, for one thing…for another, besides, in a word等.
例2：全国I---2007
假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：
1． 年龄；
1． 性别；
1． 爱好（旅游、运动、宠物等）。
注意：1．词数100 左右；
2． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3． 开头语已为你写好。
Dear Peter,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
Best regards,
Li Hua
命题思路：
这是一篇书信格式的应用文。意在考查学生的书信写作应用能力。
写作要点：1.对笔友的年龄，性别要求
2.对其兴趣爱好的要求
3.理由
4.恰当的结尾句
范 文：
Dear Peter,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a pen friend, I hope I can share with her our experiences in traveling, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Best regards,
Li Hua
点 评：
本文简洁明了，结构紧凑。这是一篇很好的书信应用范文。文章使用了一些很高级的词汇短语，如：in her early twenties, similar to, In my mind, Besides, share… with, have… in common, look forward to等，使文章增色不少。同时，文章还使用了定语从句，介词复合结构等语法结构更提升了文章的档次。
Ⅵ. 课堂小结
1. 使用较高级的词汇：词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。
2. 使用恰当的连接词：使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。
3. 使用较丰富的句式：运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉 。
Ⅵ. 巩固提高: 2007高考作文集锦
海南 宁夏卷
假设你是李华。美国一所友好学校准备与你们学校共同创办一份中学生英文刊物，该校格林先生来信询问有关情况。请你给他写封回信，主要内容如下：表示赞成; 提出你喜欢的栏目; 简要说明理由。
注意： 1．词数100左右。
2．信的开头和结尾已为你写好。
3．适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
4．参考词汇：栏目一column
﹡ ﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ June 8
Dear Mr. Green,
I am very excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine together._____________________
______________________________________________________________
Yours aithfully
Li Hua
浙江
在英语课堂上，你喜欢你的老师授课时只用英语，还是英语、汉语兼用？某英语杂志社就此话题邀请中学生发表看法。请你围绕“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught In English only, or in both English and Chinese ”这个问题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文。
注意：1. 词数100～120，短文开头已给出（不计词数）
2. 参考词汇：atmosphere 氛围
I prefer my English classes to be taught in …
北京
第1节 情景作文（20分）
假设你是李华，要给英国笔友Harry写封信，介绍你班两位同学精选班长的过程。请按下图顺序描述。
注意：1.信的开头已为你写好。
2.词数不少于60.
提示词：竞选班长monitor election
Dear Harry,
How are things going
Last Monday.(请将情景作文写在答题卡二第一页指定区域内)
Best wishes,
Li HUa
第2节 开放作文（15分）
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50.
In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.
全国II
一家宾馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要内容就包括：
1． 地点：距白山入口处500米；
2． 房间及价格：单人间（共20间）；
100元／天；双人间（共15间）；
150元／天；热水淋浴；
3． 餐饮：餐厅（中、西餐），咖啡厅（茶、咖啡）；
4． 游泳池：全天免费开放；
5． 欢迎预定。
注意：1词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
Welcome to Baishan Mountain Hotel
Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business.
授课形式二：英语、汉语兼用
优点：易于理解等……
缺憾：英语氛围不浓等……
结论：……
授课形式一：只用英语
优点：有助于提高听说能力等……
缺憾：不易听懂等……
结论：……
你的观点
·精力充沛．教学活泼．勇于创新
·教学耐心．讲解细致．经验丰富
青年教师
老年教师
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