主谓一致
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课件32张PPT。主谓一致指谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。 一、坚持四项基本原则向前看原则
临近原则
全面原则
语法一致原则
1. 向前看原则A +with /together with/ along with / as well
as/but/ like/ except+ B+谓语动词
A woman with two children is walking in the
park.
Mary as well as her classmates has gone to
the Great Wall.
(05上海)Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work B. working
C. is working D. are working(04广东)All the employees except the manager ____work online at home.
A. encourages B. encourage
C. is encouraged D. are encouraged(04京)The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were
C. had been D. would be2. 临近原则or,
not only…but also
either…or
neither…nornot only…but also…
Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it.
either… or…
Either you or he is going to the party.
neither…nor…
Either you nor I am going to the party.
3. 全面原则and, both…and
John and Tom are boys.
Both Lily and Lucy are league members.4. 语法一致原则1)（主语）单-----（谓语） 单 （主语）复--（谓语） 复
This book costs five yuan. These books are mine.
一个不定式，v-ing形式或一个从句时，谓语
动词用单数
2） 主语为 两个疑问词引导一个不定式或一个从句时，谓
语动词用单数。
两个以上不定式，v-ing,或从句时，谓语动词
用复数
To see is one thing; to do is another.
Whether he comes or not is of no matter.
How and why he came to China was unknow 3）形复意单的名词作主语时---谓语动词用单数
news, politics, maths，physics
Politics is much more difficult than Physics.
4）形单意复的名词：作主语时---谓语动词用复数
cattle, people, police
（people表示“一个民族”，其复数是peoples.）
5）数词和量词作主语时：
表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时，谓语多单复少见。
Twenty years is a long time life.
20 yuan is not a small sum of money.
A hundred miles is quite a drive, isn’t it?6）从句中的主谓一致：① 在形式主语it的句子中或用it作主语的强调句型中，谓语动词总用单。
It was he who taught us English last year.
It is said that every student likes you very much.
② What 引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数情况取决于what所代表的意义。
What is over is over.(过去的事情就让它过去吧)
What I want are these books
③ 在One of +名词复数+定语从句结构中，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
Eg: This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year
若one 前有this, the, only 等修饰时，从句谓语动词用单数。
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.（2006天津卷4）What we used to think impossible now does seem possible.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be二、一颗红心，两手准备1）单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要以前面的修饰语决定。
deer, sheep, means, Chinese
All means have been tired already.
Every means has been tired already.2）集体名词作主语时，若指的是一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数；若指的是其中的成员，谓语动词用复数：
army, class, club, family, group, population, team
The class has twenty-five boys and twenty girls
（整体一个班级）
The class are doing experiments.(全班同学)
His family is a happy one.
His family were having lunch.
3）and连接两个并列主语要注意：
指两个人／事／物，谓语动词用复数。
指同一概念，用单数。
The singer and dancer has visited our school.
The singer and the dancer have visited our school.
两个名词前都加冠词或其它限定词，表示两样东西，谓语动词用复数。
只在第一个名词前加a/an/the做主语，表示一样动词，谓语动词用单数。
（2006江苏卷34）A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were 5） 代词all指人，谓语动词用复数，all指事，谓语动词用单数。
All are here and all is going on well.
6） 由“kind /sort /type/+of+…”,谓语动词取决于他们本身是单数还是复数。
This kind of book is very interesting.
These kinds of books are very interesting.7）表示“成双成对”含义的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果此类名词前用了a pair of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数取决于pair的单复数形式。
如：glasses, shoes, trousers, shorts, scissors(剪刀)，compasses等
Your glasses are very nice.
These trousers need cleaning.
This pair of shorts is mine.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.8) the+形容词：表一类人：谓语用复数
表某一类抽象概念：谓语用单数
The old are taken good care of here.
The beautiful gives pleasure to all.9）分数/百分数/ none/ all/ half/some/ rest+ of…作主语，根据of之宾语定单、复。
About 20 percent of the students like KFC.
About 2o percent of the work was done yesterday.
Half of the apple is rotten.
Half of the apples are rotten.
The rest of the money belongs to you.
The rest of the students stay in the class now.
About one third of the books are worth reading.
三、揭开主语神秘的面纱many a + n.
more than one + n.
Many a student are late for the class.
More than one person knows about it.看似复数，其实用单数the number of a number ofA number of people are in the water.
The number of people in the water is12.（2005辽宁卷21）Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _________ in the clothing industry.
A．is working B．works C．work D．worked un---谓语动词用单数
cn---谓语动词用复数
quantities of+复数n/ un---谓语动词都用复数
There is a large quantity of milk.
A large quantity of books are on sale now.
Huge quantities of good earth are being washed
away each year.a quantity of+（2005.山东 25）With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____ each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed awayand 用于以下结构, 谓语动词用单数each…and each…
no…and no…
many a…and many a…
every…and every…
Each boy and each girl has got a present.
No teacher and no student is going to school.
Every boy and every girl likes eating. (2008陕西卷15)—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited.
A. were B. have been
C. has been D. wasa variety of+名词复数+动词复数
名词单数+动词单数
varieties of+名词+动词复数
the variety of+名词复数+动词单数
1.A great variety of flowers were shown there.
2.There was a considerable variety of opinion.
3.There are several varieties of red roses.an average of+名词复数+动词复数
the average of+名词复数+动词单数
1.An average of 3 students are absent each day.
2.The average of 14, 3 and 1 is 6.
a total of+名词复数+动词复数
the total of+名词复数+动词单数
1.A total of 300 letters were received last month.
2.The total of letters received last month was 300.a majority(minority) of+名词复数+动词单/复数
the majority(minority)+动词单（复数）
the majority(minority) of+名词复数+动词单数或复数
1.A majority of people take/takes part in cultural pursuits.
2.Only a minority of the members object.
3.The majority was/were in favor of the plan.
4.The majority of population live/lives in cities.
5.The vast majority of the students need/needs increased financial support.
临近原则
全面原则
语法一致原则
1. 向前看原则A +with /together with/ along with / as well
as/but/ like/ except+ B+谓语动词
A woman with two children is walking in the
park.
Mary as well as her classmates has gone to
the Great Wall.
(05上海)Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work B. working
C. is working D. are working(04广东)All the employees except the manager ____work online at home.
A. encourages B. encourage
C. is encouraged D. are encouraged(04京)The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were
C. had been D. would be2. 临近原则or,
not only…but also
either…or
neither…nornot only…but also…
Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it.
either… or…
Either you or he is going to the party.
neither…nor…
Either you nor I am going to the party.
3. 全面原则and, both…and
John and Tom are boys.
Both Lily and Lucy are league members.4. 语法一致原则1)（主语）单-----（谓语） 单 （主语）复--（谓语） 复
This book costs five yuan. These books are mine.
一个不定式，v-ing形式或一个从句时，谓语
动词用单数
2） 主语为 两个疑问词引导一个不定式或一个从句时，谓
语动词用单数。
两个以上不定式，v-ing,或从句时，谓语动词
用复数
To see is one thing; to do is another.
Whether he comes or not is of no matter.
How and why he came to China was unknow 3）形复意单的名词作主语时---谓语动词用单数
news, politics, maths，physics
Politics is much more difficult than Physics.
4）形单意复的名词：作主语时---谓语动词用复数
cattle, people, police
（people表示“一个民族”，其复数是peoples.）
5）数词和量词作主语时：
表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时，谓语多单复少见。
Twenty years is a long time life.
20 yuan is not a small sum of money.
A hundred miles is quite a drive, isn’t it?6）从句中的主谓一致：① 在形式主语it的句子中或用it作主语的强调句型中，谓语动词总用单。
It was he who taught us English last year.
It is said that every student likes you very much.
② What 引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数情况取决于what所代表的意义。
What is over is over.(过去的事情就让它过去吧)
What I want are these books
③ 在One of +名词复数+定语从句结构中，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
Eg: This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year
若one 前有this, the, only 等修饰时，从句谓语动词用单数。
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.（2006天津卷4）What we used to think impossible now does seem possible.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be二、一颗红心，两手准备1）单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要以前面的修饰语决定。
deer, sheep, means, Chinese
All means have been tired already.
Every means has been tired already.2）集体名词作主语时，若指的是一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数；若指的是其中的成员，谓语动词用复数：
army, class, club, family, group, population, team
The class has twenty-five boys and twenty girls
（整体一个班级）
The class are doing experiments.(全班同学)
His family is a happy one.
His family were having lunch.
3）and连接两个并列主语要注意：
指两个人／事／物，谓语动词用复数。
指同一概念，用单数。
The singer and dancer has visited our school.
The singer and the dancer have visited our school.
两个名词前都加冠词或其它限定词，表示两样东西，谓语动词用复数。
只在第一个名词前加a/an/the做主语，表示一样动词，谓语动词用单数。
（2006江苏卷34）A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were 5） 代词all指人，谓语动词用复数，all指事，谓语动词用单数。
All are here and all is going on well.
6） 由“kind /sort /type/+of+…”,谓语动词取决于他们本身是单数还是复数。
This kind of book is very interesting.
These kinds of books are very interesting.7）表示“成双成对”含义的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果此类名词前用了a pair of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数取决于pair的单复数形式。
如：glasses, shoes, trousers, shorts, scissors(剪刀)，compasses等
Your glasses are very nice.
These trousers need cleaning.
This pair of shorts is mine.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.8) the+形容词：表一类人：谓语用复数
表某一类抽象概念：谓语用单数
The old are taken good care of here.
The beautiful gives pleasure to all.9）分数/百分数/ none/ all/ half/some/ rest+ of…作主语，根据of之宾语定单、复。
About 20 percent of the students like KFC.
About 2o percent of the work was done yesterday.
Half of the apple is rotten.
Half of the apples are rotten.
The rest of the money belongs to you.
The rest of the students stay in the class now.
About one third of the books are worth reading.
三、揭开主语神秘的面纱many a + n.
more than one + n.
Many a student are late for the class.
More than one person knows about it.看似复数，其实用单数the number of a number ofA number of people are in the water.
The number of people in the water is12.（2005辽宁卷21）Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _________ in the clothing industry.
A．is working B．works C．work D．worked un---谓语动词用单数
cn---谓语动词用复数
quantities of+复数n/ un---谓语动词都用复数
There is a large quantity of milk.
A large quantity of books are on sale now.
Huge quantities of good earth are being washed
away each year.a quantity of+（2005.山东 25）With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____ each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed awayand 用于以下结构, 谓语动词用单数each…and each…
no…and no…
many a…and many a…
every…and every…
Each boy and each girl has got a present.
No teacher and no student is going to school.
Every boy and every girl likes eating. (2008陕西卷15)—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited.
A. were B. have been
C. has been D. wasa variety of+名词复数+动词复数
名词单数+动词单数
varieties of+名词+动词复数
the variety of+名词复数+动词单数
1.A great variety of flowers were shown there.
2.There was a considerable variety of opinion.
3.There are several varieties of red roses.an average of+名词复数+动词复数
the average of+名词复数+动词单数
1.An average of 3 students are absent each day.
2.The average of 14, 3 and 1 is 6.
a total of+名词复数+动词复数
the total of+名词复数+动词单数
1.A total of 300 letters were received last month.
2.The total of letters received last month was 300.a majority(minority) of+名词复数+动词单/复数
the majority(minority)+动词单（复数）
the majority(minority) of+名词复数+动词单数或复数
1.A majority of people take/takes part in cultural pursuits.
2.Only a minority of the members object.
3.The majority was/were in favor of the plan.
4.The majority of population live/lives in cities.
5.The vast majority of the students need/needs increased financial support.