倒装句
一 .概念:
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。
二.相关知识点精讲
按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语( 或谓语一部分)+主语”,就是倒装。倒装句分为:
完全倒装: 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。
部分倒装: 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。
1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子,为了起到强调的作用,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。
Our teacher came in.
In came our teacher.
这种倒装要求:主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is.
Away he went.
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。
Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.
3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首,要用倒装句式,以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置,不加助动词did, does或do.
Under a big tree sat a fat man, half asleep.
4. there放在句首时,要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如:live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
5. so + 动词+主语, neither/ nor + 动词+主语
表示两人的同样一个情况时,只能表示一件事,即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。
否则要用so it is with…
You can ride a bike. So can I .
The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more
than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
6. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示,也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下: so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。
Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.
7. 否定副词not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首时要用倒装句式。
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
8. hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…可以用正常语序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
9. not only… but also 如连接两个成分时,不用倒装;连接句子时, 前面的句子要用倒装。
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
11. only 及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,要用:
only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
12. 虚拟语气中的倒装句
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
13.of短语的倒装。Of短语修饰主语或表语时,如果太长,可以把of短语移到句首,构成倒装。
Of the fifty passengers, only three survived。
14.让步状语从句中可用as,though引起的倒装,结构为“形容词(副词,名词,动词,分词)+as/though+主语+谓语”
Woman as she is, she is courageous。
Yough as she is , she has been much of the world。
15.在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
Long live the Communist Party of China!
May you all be happy.
16.省略了if的虚拟条件句中,把were, had或should放在句首时。
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
倒装句专练
1.─You like singing and dancing.─ .
A.So do I B.So I do C.I do so D.do I so
2.Her mother is a warm-hearted old lady. .
A.So my mother is B.So is my motherC.Is my mother so D.my mother so is
3.The fairy story "Snow White" is very interesing. .
A.So it is B.So is it C.it is so D.is it so
4.You didn't go for an outing at the seashore. .
A.Neither do I B.Neither did I C.I didn't neither D.Did neither I
5.Marx was born in Germany,and German was his native language. .
A.So it was with Engels B.So was Engels C.So Engels was D.Was Engels so
6.─Look.There .─Oh,there .
A.comes the bus;comes it B.the bus comes;it comes
C.comes the bus;it comes D.the bus comes;comes it
7.Not until sixteen to school.
A.he was;did he goB.he was;he went C.was he;he did goD.was he;went he
8.Not until the next morning .
A.did Mary come back B.Mary came back C.came Mary back D.came back Mary
9.Hardly when it began to rain.
A.had he got home B.he had got home C.had got home he D.he home had got
10.No sooner than he fell asleep.
A.his head had touched the pillow B.had his head touched the pillow
C.touched the pillow his head had D.touched the pillow had his head
11.Little .
A.did I think of it B.I thought of it C.did think I of it D.thought of it I
12.Seldom .
A.LiLi her feelings showed B.did show LiLi her feelings
C.LiLi showed her feelings D.did LiLi show her feelings
13.Never before in her life such beautiful and precious jewelry.
A.he saw B.did he see C.has she seen D.she has seen
14.Many a time the chess competition.
A.had taken he part in B.he taken part in had C.had he taken part in D.he had taken part in
15.So busy that he has no time to spare.
A.he was B.was he C.he is D.is he
16. with a bunch of flowers in her hand.
A.A girl in came B.Came in a girl C.In came a girl D.A girl came in
17.Out .
A.from behind a tall tree ran a little boy B.from behind a tall tree a little boy ran
C.ran a little boy from behind a tall tree D.a little boy ran from behind a tall tree
18.In the clear blue sky .
A.does shine the bright moon. B.the bright moon does shine
C.shines the bright moon D.the bright moon shines
19.Only in this way .
A.we can well do it B.can we well do it c.we can do it well D.can we do it well
20.Only when he has finished his homework .
A.is able to he play with his friends for a while
B.he able to play with is his friends for a while
C.is he able to play with his friends for a while
D.he is able to play with his friends for a while
21. ,he continued his study.
A.Late as it was B.As it was late C.Late although it was D.Although was it late
22.Next door to us .
A.lives an old man,who is an overseas Chinese
B.does an old man live,who is an overseas Chinese
C.an old man lives who is an overseas Chinese
D.an old man who is an overseas Chinese does live
23. as young as you,I would study hard.
A.Was I B.Were I C.If I am D.If I was
24. so hard,they wouldn't have won such great success.
A.Hasn't they trained B.If they hasn't train
C.Hadn't they trained D.If they didn't train
25.Not a single word when he left.
A.did speak he B.spoke he C.did he speak D.he spoke
26.─I don't think I can walk any further.─ .Let's stop here for a rest."
A.Neither am I B.Neither can I C.I think so D.I don't think so
27.Be quick! .
A.The bus comes here B.The bus here comes
C.Here the bus comes D.Here comes the bus
28.John's not been to London. .
A.Ben isn't either B.Neither is Ben C.Nor Ben has D.Neither has Ben
29.The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply. .
A.Charlie does so B.Charlie did so C.So does Charlie D.So did Charlie
30. ,he does not know the answer.
A.As Mr Smith is a teacher B.As Mr Smith is teacher
C.A teacher as Mr Smith is D.Teacher as Mr Smith is
31. so busy,I should go with you.
A.Were I not B.Was I not C.If I am not D.I were not
32.In the front of the classroom .
A.is the desk for the teacher B.has the desk of the teacther
C.it is a desk for the teacher D.has it a desk of the teacher
33.On the top of the hill .
A.does a temple stand B.a temple stands there
C.stands a temple D.a temple stands
34.Not only but also she likes singing.
A.she likes painting B.does she like painting
C.likes painting she D.she does like painting
35.Now .
A.comes your turnB.does your turn come
C.your turn comesD.your turn does come
36. happy.
A.You may be B.May you be C.Be you may D.May be you
37.The students have learned a lot from the workers and .
A.so the teachers have B.have the teachers so
C.so have the teachers D.have so the teachers
38. Not a single song _______ at yesterday’s party.
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing
39. --- You forgot your purse when you went out.--- Good heavens, __________.
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
40. _________ do we go for picnics.
A. Certainly B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Once
41. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar___write correctly.
A. you will B. you can C. can you D. can’t you
42. Busy ______ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
A. because B. as C. no matter how D. although
43. _______ a research student, I would at least master two foreign languages.
A. Should I become B. I should become C. Would I become D. Have I become
44. By no means _______ create or destroy energy.
A. we can B. we can’t C. can we D. shall we
45._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped BThe cat up jumped
C.Up jumped the catD.Jumped up the cat
46.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in cameC. In came he D. came in Mr Brown
47. Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goatC. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled
48.—Where is my shirt, mum —_________.
A. There is it B. There it isC. There is D. Here is it
49. —Where is your father —Oh, ________.
A. here he comes B. he here comesC. here does he come D. here comes he
50. The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an old man B. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered
51. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is
52. Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advised B. advised meC. did we advise D. had we advised
53.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boysB. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the roomD. Inside the room was two boys
54. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs
55._______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier
56. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live
C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man
57.She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does
C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us
58.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do you
C. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do
59. —I thought you women were present at the meeting.—__________.
A. So we were B. So we didC. So were we D. So did we
60.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.
A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesn’t C. Mary will either D. or Mary does
61. She is fond of cooking, _____I .
A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do
62.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .
A. So it was with Angles B. So was it with Angles
C. So was Angles D. So did Angles
63。A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.
A. So does a man B. So will a man C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man
64. So absorbed _______ the work that she often forgot to _____ her meals.
A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make
C. was she in; take D.she had been in ; have
65.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him.
A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke
66. __________ his appearance that no one could recognize him.
A. Strange so was B. So strange was C. Was so strange D. So was strange
67.Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change
68. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing B. had I seen C. I have seen D. have I seen
69.Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watch
70.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A. the flowers were so beautiful B. were the flowers so beautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers D. so beautiful the flowers were
71. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he B. he had finished C. did he finish D. had he finished
72.Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into the classroom.
A. had they; than B. they had; when C. had they; when D. did they; when
73. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made B. does he make C. he made D. did he make
74. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit his mistake.
A. had he begun B. began he C. did he begin D. does he begin
答案:1—5ABABA,6—10CABAB,11—15ADCCD,16—20CCCDC
21—25AABCC,26—30BDDBD,31—35AACBA,36—40BCCBC
41—45CBACC,46—50ABBAB,51—55BBADB,56—60CCBAA
61—65AACCA,66—70BADDB,71—74DCDC。