2009年英语语法-倒装句
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倒装句
英语句子通常是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但如果谓语动词出现在主语之前，这种现象叫倒装。部分倒装和全部倒装是专对主语和谓语而言的。谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词）移到主语之前，而谓语的其余部分（实义动词）仍保留在主语之后，这种主谓倒装叫做部分倒装（Partial inversion）。谓语的所有组成部分都移到主语之前的则称为全部倒装（Complete inversion）。部分倒装句式里是语法上的强制要求，而完全倒装则是出于修辞上的需要，是为了强调主语（使主语占据句尾信息焦点的位置），使其成为新信息，或者因为主语太长，以避免头重脚轻，或者两个原因兼而有之。
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构：
1. 当副词here, there, away, down, in, now, off, out, up等位于句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run, exist, appear, stand等。例如：
① Away went the runners.
② Down came the rain.
③ Up went the arrow into the air.
④ Here comes the bus!
⑤ There was a knock at the door and in came Mr Smith.
⑥ There goes the bell!
⑦ Now comes your turn.
⑧ Out jumped a tiger from behind the rock.
注意: 主语为代词时，不能采用全部倒装。当含有no的短语位于主语之前时，主谓要实行部分倒装。例如：
① Here she comes!
② Out they came.
③ Away they rushed when they saw the enemy soldiers.
④ Under (In) no circumstances must this door be left open(unlocked).
⑤ To no one will they admit their guilt. 他们对任何人都不会承认有罪。
2. 当表地点或方位的介词短语位于句首时。例如：
① At the head of the queue was an old woman.
② We didn't reach the top because it was too hot. All around it is sand.
③ Outside the entrance stood two police officers with guns.
3. “such + be + 主语”结构.
① Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great man.
② Such are the words.
4. 当表语位于句首时。例如：
① Very important in the farmer's life is the TV weather report.
② Gone are the days when we lived in the countryside.
③ Covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water.
5. 直接引语放在句首时。
① “If you die, who will get your money”? asked Holmes.
② “I don’t think so,” said Holmes.
6. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
① They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy.
② In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1．句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no case, not until… 等.
① Never have I seen such a performance.
② Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
③ Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
④ Not a single mistake did he make.
⑤ At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) ---Why can't I smoke here ---At no time___ in the meeting-room.
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 答案A.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C, D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为：Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。 答案D。
3) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 答案为B.
2. 以否定词开头作部分倒装。如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
典型例题: No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构.如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
3．so… that 或such…that句型中的so或such 位于句首时,需倒装.
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
Such a good person was my teacher that we all admired her.
4. only修饰状语位于句首。
Only in this way can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
5. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也","也不"。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题:
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother ---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定； C. neither 用法不对且缺乏连词；D. also用法不对且缺乏连词。 答案:B.
注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构.意为"的确如此".
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
6. as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前).
Busy as/though he is, he insists on studying.
注意:1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词.
Child as she is, she knows a lot.
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后；如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
7. 在含有were, should, had的虚拟条件句中,可以省略if,而把这三个词提前。例如:
Had you told me earlier, I could have done better.
Should anyone call, tell me in time.
Were I you, I would try it again.
8. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词 (短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:
Many a time has John given me good advice.
Often have we made that test.
9．在某些表示祝愿的句型中:
May you all be happy.
倒装练习
1. Not only _____ polluted but ____ crowded.
A. was the city; were the streets B. the city was; the streets were
C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; were the streets
2. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
3. On the top of the hill _______.
A. does a temple stand B. a temple stands there C. stands a temple D. a temple stands
4. Not until all the fish died in the river _______ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize BABA
5. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
6. No sooner had he finished his talk _______ he was surrounded by the workers.
A. as B. then C. than D. when
7. From space _____ like a huge water－covered globe(球体).
A. looks the earth B. does look the earth C. the earth looks D. does the earth look
8. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
9. I like sports and _______ my brother.
A. so does B. so is C. so D. so likes
10. ---"Did you enjoy that trip " ---"I'm afraid not. And _______ ."
A. my classmates don't either B. my classmates don't too
C. neither do my classmates D. neither did my classmates
11. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply. ________.
A. Charlie does so B. Charlie did so C. So does Charlie D. So did Charlie
12. ——Have you written these letters? ——No, _____ time to do any other work yet.
A. hardly I have B.I have had hardly C.I have hardly had D.I hardly have had
13. Be Quick! _______ .
A. The bus comes here B. The bus here comes C. Here the bus comes D. Here comes the bus
14. Next door to us________.
A. lives an old man, who is an overseas Chinese B. does an old man live, who is an overseas Chinese
C. an old man lives who is an overseas Chinese D. an old man who is an overseas Chinese does live
15. Now ________.
A. comes your turn B. does your turn come C. your turn comes D. your turn does come
Key: 1-5 CACAD 6-10 CCCAD 11-15 BCDAA
英语句子通常是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但如果谓语动词出现在主语之前，这种现象叫倒装。部分倒装和全部倒装是专对主语和谓语而言的。谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词）移到主语之前，而谓语的其余部分（实义动词）仍保留在主语之后，这种主谓倒装叫做部分倒装（Partial inversion）。谓语的所有组成部分都移到主语之前的则称为全部倒装（Complete inversion）。部分倒装句式里是语法上的强制要求，而完全倒装则是出于修辞上的需要，是为了强调主语（使主语占据句尾信息焦点的位置），使其成为新信息，或者因为主语太长，以避免头重脚轻，或者两个原因兼而有之。
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构：
1. 当副词here, there, away, down, in, now, off, out, up等位于句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run, exist, appear, stand等。例如：
① Away went the runners.
② Down came the rain.
③ Up went the arrow into the air.
④ Here comes the bus!
⑤ There was a knock at the door and in came Mr Smith.
⑥ There goes the bell!
⑦ Now comes your turn.
⑧ Out jumped a tiger from behind the rock.
注意: 主语为代词时，不能采用全部倒装。当含有no的短语位于主语之前时，主谓要实行部分倒装。例如：
① Here she comes!
② Out they came.
③ Away they rushed when they saw the enemy soldiers.
④ Under (In) no circumstances must this door be left open(unlocked).
⑤ To no one will they admit their guilt. 他们对任何人都不会承认有罪。
2. 当表地点或方位的介词短语位于句首时。例如：
① At the head of the queue was an old woman.
② We didn't reach the top because it was too hot. All around it is sand.
③ Outside the entrance stood two police officers with guns.
3. “such + be + 主语”结构.
① Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great man.
② Such are the words.
4. 当表语位于句首时。例如：
① Very important in the farmer's life is the TV weather report.
② Gone are the days when we lived in the countryside.
③ Covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water.
5. 直接引语放在句首时。
① “If you die, who will get your money”? asked Holmes.
② “I don’t think so,” said Holmes.
6. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
① They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy.
② In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1．句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no case, not until… 等.
① Never have I seen such a performance.
② Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
③ Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
④ Not a single mistake did he make.
⑤ At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) ---Why can't I smoke here ---At no time___ in the meeting-room.
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 答案A.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C, D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为：Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。 答案D。
3) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 答案为B.
2. 以否定词开头作部分倒装。如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
典型例题: No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构.如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
3．so… that 或such…that句型中的so或such 位于句首时,需倒装.
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
Such a good person was my teacher that we all admired her.
4. only修饰状语位于句首。
Only in this way can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
5. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也","也不"。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题:
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother ---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定； C. neither 用法不对且缺乏连词；D. also用法不对且缺乏连词。 答案:B.
注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构.意为"的确如此".
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
6. as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前).
Busy as/though he is, he insists on studying.
注意:1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词.
Child as she is, she knows a lot.
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后；如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
7. 在含有were, should, had的虚拟条件句中,可以省略if,而把这三个词提前。例如:
Had you told me earlier, I could have done better.
Should anyone call, tell me in time.
Were I you, I would try it again.
8. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词 (短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:
Many a time has John given me good advice.
Often have we made that test.
9．在某些表示祝愿的句型中:
May you all be happy.
倒装练习
1. Not only _____ polluted but ____ crowded.
A. was the city; were the streets B. the city was; the streets were
C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; were the streets
2. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
3. On the top of the hill _______.
A. does a temple stand B. a temple stands there C. stands a temple D. a temple stands
4. Not until all the fish died in the river _______ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize BABA
5. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
6. No sooner had he finished his talk _______ he was surrounded by the workers.
A. as B. then C. than D. when
7. From space _____ like a huge water－covered globe(球体).
A. looks the earth B. does look the earth C. the earth looks D. does the earth look
8. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
9. I like sports and _______ my brother.
A. so does B. so is C. so D. so likes
10. ---"Did you enjoy that trip " ---"I'm afraid not. And _______ ."
A. my classmates don't either B. my classmates don't too
C. neither do my classmates D. neither did my classmates
11. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply. ________.
A. Charlie does so B. Charlie did so C. So does Charlie D. So did Charlie
12. ——Have you written these letters? ——No, _____ time to do any other work yet.
A. hardly I have B.I have had hardly C.I have hardly had D.I hardly have had
13. Be Quick! _______ .
A. The bus comes here B. The bus here comes C. Here the bus comes D. Here comes the bus
14. Next door to us________.
A. lives an old man, who is an overseas Chinese B. does an old man live, who is an overseas Chinese
C. an old man lives who is an overseas Chinese D. an old man who is an overseas Chinese does live
15. Now ________.
A. comes your turn B. does your turn come C. your turn comes D. your turn does come
Key: 1-5 CACAD 6-10 CCCAD 11-15 BCDAA