过去分词的用法
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课件38张PPT。过去分词的用法非谓语动词的用法讲解：过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词。
1. 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个词语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
2.过去分词用作定语，如果是短语，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。
The concert given by their friends was a success.
The concert (which was) given by their friends was a success.3.一般来说，分词做定语时，过去分词修饰人， 现在分词修饰物。
He is interested in the book.
The book is very interesting.
但是，用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物上。
这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。
The boy looked at me with a pleased expression.
The wolf said with a frightened voice.1. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing
简析: 该题相当于一个非限制性定语从句：
…. , which was first played ….2. What’s the language ___ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken
C. be spoken D. to speak
简析: 等于定语从句 which is spoken…3. Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
简析: 等于定语从句who were invited ….4. The computer centre, ___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
简析: 等于非限制性定语从句：
…. , which was opened last year, ….5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
简析: 等于定语从句: which were written。 过去分词作宾语补足语
（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下两类：
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
(1) I heard the song sung in English.
(2)?He found his hometown greatly changed. 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
(1)I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
(2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
(3) Don’t leave those things undone.
1. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ___ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well ___ care of in the nursery.A. looked; taken B. looking; taken
C. looked; took D. looking; taking2. You can make yourself _______ pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A. understand B. understood
C. understanding D. to understand3. --- I can’t see the words on the blackboard.
--- Perhaps you need __________.
A. to have your eyes examined B. to examine your eye
C. to have examined your eyes D. your eyes to be examined4. They woke up, finding everything around ________. A. changing B. change C. changed D. to change过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
值得注意的是，有些过去分词作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：
lost （迷路）； seated （坐）； hidden （躲）； stationed （驻扎）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）； born （出身于）； dressed in （穿着）； tired of （厌烦）。
Eg. He is seated there.
He is lost in the street.
Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
2. 过去分词作状语时分句主语必须与主句主语保持一致
(1). Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
(2)? Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
= (Because he was )caught in a heavy rain, …
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
= ( If these seeds are) grown in rich soil , … 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
Because caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
If grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
1 ____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .
A Having given B To give C Giving D Given
2 ___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .
A Being founded B It was founded
C Founded D Founding
3 Unless __to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .
A invited B inviting
C being invited D having invited DCA4 ____everywhere , the wolves had no where ___themselves .
A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide
C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide
5 When first ___to the market , these products enjoyed great success .
A introducing B introduced
C introduce D being introduced
DB6 ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having givenA “with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
“
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam.
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home.
(4) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 1. Linda worked for the Minnesota manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known高考链接B2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recordedA3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. knownD4. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smeltB解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。5. When ______ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water.
A. heating and taking
B. heated, and taking
C. heating or taken
D. heated or takenD6. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.
????A. begins B. having begun
????C. beginning D. begun D7. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boringA8. Before ____, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it
C. being used to D. using
9. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buyingAB10.The?Emperor's?New?Clothes,?is?an?______? text.?All?of?us?are?________?in?it.? A.?exciting; exciting B.?excited; excited?
C.?excited; exciting? D.?exciting; excited?D11. She?asked?if?there?is?anything ___ ?tonight.?
A.?to?plan? B.?planned?
C.?that?plans? D.?planning? B12. The ____ morning, the father came into the lonely house , ____ by his naughty boy. A. following; following B. followed; followed C. following; followed D. followed; followingC13. ____ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ____ from the top of a thirty-stored building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing; seen B. Seen; seeing
C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; seenA14. ___ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ___ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given
C. Giving; giving D. Given; givingD15. When __, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completedAPractice1. Did you attend the meeting ___yesterday?
to be held B. having been held
C. held D. being held
Do you know the name of the play___ in
the hall now?
to be put on B. being put on
C. put on D. putting on
I borrowed a book ____ by Mark Twain
from the library last week. I like it very much.
written B. writing
C. was written D. to write
4. Please don’t forget him. He is one of ___.
those invited B. invited those
C. those inviting D. inviting thoseCBAA 8. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered英语主动形式表被动意义的几种情况
1.表示被动含义的主动动词?
1)系动词 taste ,sound ,look, smell, feel
Your reason sounds reasonable.?
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.?
2)一些与can’t 或won’t, wouldn’t 连用的动词。常用的有: lock , shut , open , act 等,
The door won’t/ wouldn’t open. ?
?It can‘t /wouldn’t move. 3) sell, wash , clean , burn , cook 等,
与 well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,
The book sells well.?
?These clothes wash well.?
2.表示被动含义的主动结构?
1)动名词
?be worth , want ( 需要), need(需要), require(需要)
后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如:?
? Your hair wants/needs cutting
= Your hair needs to be cut .?
?2)不定式?
?1.主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,
形容词easy、difficult、heavy、hard、nice、bitter、dangerous、interesting、important、expensive、 comfortable、pleasant、impossible
句中的主语又是不定式的逻辑宾语时，通常用不定式主动形式表示被动意义
,例如:?
That question is difficult to answer.?
Chickens ’ legs are nice to eat.?
2.当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语，而句子的主语也是不定式的逻辑主语时。 :?
?He bought some magazines to read . ?
? He has a family to support.?
?3.当不定式所修饰的名词或代词，是及物动词的直接宾语，而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语时。
The teacher gave the students some paper to write on .
?4.当不定式所修饰的名词或代词，是“there be…. ”结构句中的主语时 ( 此处用主动或被动式，一般说来无意义上的不同 ) 。
如： There are many problems to work out .
( to be worked out )
3)特殊结构?
?①“be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。例如:?
?The building is under construction.?
The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).?
经常这样用的名词还有repair(修理), treatment(治疗), question(质问)等。
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词。
1. 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个词语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
2.过去分词用作定语，如果是短语，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。
The concert given by their friends was a success.
The concert (which was) given by their friends was a success.3.一般来说，分词做定语时，过去分词修饰人， 现在分词修饰物。
He is interested in the book.
The book is very interesting.
但是，用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物上。
这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。
The boy looked at me with a pleased expression.
The wolf said with a frightened voice.1. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing
简析: 该题相当于一个非限制性定语从句：
…. , which was first played ….2. What’s the language ___ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken
C. be spoken D. to speak
简析: 等于定语从句 which is spoken…3. Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
简析: 等于定语从句who were invited ….4. The computer centre, ___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
简析: 等于非限制性定语从句：
…. , which was opened last year, ….5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
简析: 等于定语从句: which were written。 过去分词作宾语补足语
（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下两类：
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
(1) I heard the song sung in English.
(2)?He found his hometown greatly changed. 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
(1)I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
(2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
(3) Don’t leave those things undone.
1. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ___ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well ___ care of in the nursery.A. looked; taken B. looking; taken
C. looked; took D. looking; taking2. You can make yourself _______ pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A. understand B. understood
C. understanding D. to understand3. --- I can’t see the words on the blackboard.
--- Perhaps you need __________.
A. to have your eyes examined B. to examine your eye
C. to have examined your eyes D. your eyes to be examined4. They woke up, finding everything around ________. A. changing B. change C. changed D. to change过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
值得注意的是，有些过去分词作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：
lost （迷路）； seated （坐）； hidden （躲）； stationed （驻扎）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）； born （出身于）； dressed in （穿着）； tired of （厌烦）。
Eg. He is seated there.
He is lost in the street.
Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
2. 过去分词作状语时分句主语必须与主句主语保持一致
(1). Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
(2)? Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
= (Because he was )caught in a heavy rain, …
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
= ( If these seeds are) grown in rich soil , … 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
Because caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
If grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
1 ____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .
A Having given B To give C Giving D Given
2 ___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .
A Being founded B It was founded
C Founded D Founding
3 Unless __to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .
A invited B inviting
C being invited D having invited DCA4 ____everywhere , the wolves had no where ___themselves .
A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide
C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide
5 When first ___to the market , these products enjoyed great success .
A introducing B introduced
C introduce D being introduced
DB6 ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having givenA “with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
“
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam.
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home.
(4) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 1. Linda worked for the Minnesota manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known高考链接B2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recordedA3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. knownD4. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smeltB解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。5. When ______ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water.
A. heating and taking
B. heated, and taking
C. heating or taken
D. heated or takenD6. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.
????A. begins B. having begun
????C. beginning D. begun D7. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boringA8. Before ____, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it
C. being used to D. using
9. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buyingAB10.The?Emperor's?New?Clothes,?is?an?______? text.?All?of?us?are?________?in?it.? A.?exciting; exciting B.?excited; excited?
C.?excited; exciting? D.?exciting; excited?D11. She?asked?if?there?is?anything ___ ?tonight.?
A.?to?plan? B.?planned?
C.?that?plans? D.?planning? B12. The ____ morning, the father came into the lonely house , ____ by his naughty boy. A. following; following B. followed; followed C. following; followed D. followed; followingC13. ____ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ____ from the top of a thirty-stored building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing; seen B. Seen; seeing
C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; seenA14. ___ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ___ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given
C. Giving; giving D. Given; givingD15. When __, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completedAPractice1. Did you attend the meeting ___yesterday?
to be held B. having been held
C. held D. being held
Do you know the name of the play___ in
the hall now?
to be put on B. being put on
C. put on D. putting on
I borrowed a book ____ by Mark Twain
from the library last week. I like it very much.
written B. writing
C. was written D. to write
4. Please don’t forget him. He is one of ___.
those invited B. invited those
C. those inviting D. inviting thoseCBAA 8. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered英语主动形式表被动意义的几种情况
1.表示被动含义的主动动词?
1)系动词 taste ,sound ,look, smell, feel
Your reason sounds reasonable.?
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.?
2)一些与can’t 或won’t, wouldn’t 连用的动词。常用的有: lock , shut , open , act 等,
The door won’t/ wouldn’t open. ?
?It can‘t /wouldn’t move. 3) sell, wash , clean , burn , cook 等,
与 well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,
The book sells well.?
?These clothes wash well.?
2.表示被动含义的主动结构?
1)动名词
?be worth , want ( 需要), need(需要), require(需要)
后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如:?
? Your hair wants/needs cutting
= Your hair needs to be cut .?
?2)不定式?
?1.主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,
形容词easy、difficult、heavy、hard、nice、bitter、dangerous、interesting、important、expensive、 comfortable、pleasant、impossible
句中的主语又是不定式的逻辑宾语时，通常用不定式主动形式表示被动意义
,例如:?
That question is difficult to answer.?
Chickens ’ legs are nice to eat.?
2.当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语，而句子的主语也是不定式的逻辑主语时。 :?
?He bought some magazines to read . ?
? He has a family to support.?
?3.当不定式所修饰的名词或代词，是及物动词的直接宾语，而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语时。
The teacher gave the students some paper to write on .
?4.当不定式所修饰的名词或代词，是“there be…. ”结构句中的主语时 ( 此处用主动或被动式，一般说来无意义上的不同 ) 。
如： There are many problems to work out .
( to be worked out )
3)特殊结构?
?①“be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。例如:?
?The building is under construction.?
The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).?
经常这样用的名词还有repair(修理), treatment(治疗), question(质问)等。