阅读理解解题技巧---猜测词义
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阅读理解解题技巧---猜测词义
一、２００8年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求:
要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义；
２、理解文中具体信息；
３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；
４、作出简单判断和理解；
５、理解文章的基本结构；
６、理解作者的意图和态度。
二、词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1) The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.
2) The word “…” is most likely to mean ______.
3) What do you think the expression “…” stands for
4) The underlined word “…” means ______.
三、猜测词义的解题方法，分项示例：
一）根据上下文：
1. Definition 定义法: 有时作者对文中出现的一些较难理解的词，往往会做进一步的解释、说明，我们可以以此为线索来猜测词义。
●标点符号 ( ) ---- :
※ It will be very hard but also very brittle--- that is, it will break easily.____________
※ Tornadoes ( violent and destructive whirl wind ) normally occur on hot, humid ( a little wet ) day, but not necessarily in the summer.___________，______________
※Japan has a problem many other countries would envy—its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease “workaholism” is proving a difficult job, partly because many of them like work better than anything else, experts say. ______________
●定语从句或同位语
※ Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lungs and his heartbeats.____________
※ He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks._______________
●重述：利用重述作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。
※ A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood._____________
※ In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.____________
※ All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales. ______________
◎表定义或释义关系得信号词有： _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
练习：
1.When writing an article, we often use simile, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like
lightning”． “simile” means“___________”.
2. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.
“Social mobility ”means _________________
3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. ___________
4. Frank is a very enterprising person. He always thinks of new ideas to make his business run better. A.令人惊讶的 B.神秘的 C.有进取心的 .贪钱的
5. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers
6.The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water._______________
2. Contrast 对比法:
※ Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，however we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve. ____________
※ Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby._________
※ John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.____________
※If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ______________
※Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.___________________
◎表转折关系的词常有如________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________等。
练习：
1. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic
2. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight D . tough
3. Unlike his grandpa, who was quite friendly and loveable, Micheal’s grandfather was quite standoffish. A. indifferent B. selfish C. ugly D. narrow-minded
4. .Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reticent all the time.
A. gossip B. angry C. shy D. silent
5. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil._______________
3. Cause & Effect 因果法：当生词出现在含有因果关系的句子中，可通过这种关系，结合自身的生活经验或一般常识，对生词进行猜测。
※ Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. ___________
※ The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ________
※That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
A. small B. large C. dull D. new
※The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent，so the player could never play the sport again.____________
◎ 因果关系信号词有：__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
练习：
1. He poured a basin of water on the fire, which was extinguished immediately. ____________
2. He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ____________
3. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
4 ---Since you are my superior（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
5. Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ____________
4. Example 例举法 ：利用举例作为从上下文猜词的线索。文章的作者常常通过列举一些名词或事例来说明他在文章中所用的一个词。
※Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes._______
※On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.__________
◎例举法常见的信号词有：_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
练习：
1. People can shop for a variety of products on the Internet. Physical products include items such as books, CDs, clothes and food. These types of products are the most common purchases through the Internet.
The phrase “physical products” means_____.
A. Things that can be seen or felt B. Things useful for heath care
C. things that help you keep fit D. things connected with sports
2. The largest player —Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices —deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.
The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to_____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. Cars for rent D. Car makers
5、同义词、近义词：有时作者为了说明相反或相同的人或事，经常会使用一些反义词来进行对比或使用同义词来避免重复，我们可以通过正反关系的对比来猜测词义。
※The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. ____________
※Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. ____________
※He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated. ____________
※His father despises him, while his mother loves him very much. ____________
◎同义词、近义词的信号词有____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
◎反义词的信号词有：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
练习：
1. Helping laid-off workers and unemployed people find jobs is crucial (关系重大的)and pressing task facing the Chinese Government, President Jiang Zemin stressed yesterday, he urged better service to create work for the unemployed. ____________
2．Are you a man or a mouse When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward. ____________
3. At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. ____________
4．Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They also regard drinking as harmful. ____________
6. Context 上下文具体的语言情景（根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义）：一个单词在句中并非是孤立的成分，它同句中的其他单词有着密切的关系，即上下文线索，理解单词、词组、句子的意思，一定要结合上下文来领会其深层含义，在这过程中尤其要注意一词多义的现象。
例：
※The fresh trout is very cheap, but I don’t know how to cook it．
A．fish B．cake C．apple D. wine
※The boy wants to ride a brown pony. A．dog B．cat C．horse D. plane
※ In the sale fever, people were spending money like water without thinking whether they needed what they were buying. As long as it was a bargain, it was OK.
You won’t believe this but as soon as I got home, I crashed out for four hours. Then I had dinner and went back to bed, fearing the sound of the alarm which would tell me to get ready for the second day of the sale.
The expression “crashed out” means _____.
A. chatted with her friends B. slept soundly C. broke down D. dined out
※This kind of flower thrives in this area because the weather is warm, the soil is excellent and there is a lot of rain.
A. grows well B. makes a few flowers C. dies D. fails to grow
练习：
1．Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
The word yielded in the last sentence means ________
A. improved B. increased C. produced D. sold
2. Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People's food supplies were similarly vulnerable
The underlined word "vulnerable" means：___________
A .impossible to make sure of B. likely to be protected
C. easy to damage D. difficult to find
3. From New York to London to Singapore, the users tell us no company produces a better product for language learners at all levels Ring for more information, or order at WWW. . We guarantee that you have nothing to lose if it's not for you; let us know within 6 weeks and we will completely reimburse you.
. What does the underlined part "reimburse you" probably mean
A. Return the money you paid. B. Change the product you bought.
C. Offer you a free repair. D. Guarantee you the quality.
二）生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理：
例：
※When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. ____________
※When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. ____________
※Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled. ____________
※One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever ____________
※Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ____________
练习：
1.In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. ____________
2.The mobile has been turned into a secret messaging service by teen users. When they talking on the mobile, their parents are not able to eavesdrop on the second line.
The underlined word “eavesdrop” means_______________
A. join in actively B. interrupt rudely C. watch carefully D. listen secretly
3. The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporates， forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward． “evaporates” means “______________”
4. Albert’s success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.
A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. courage
5. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.
A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C.有效的 D. 匆促的
6. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.
A. 上级 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下级
7. In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou’westers, the storm was so heavy that they
were wet through. .
A. a kind of raincoat B. a kind of hat
C. a kind of fishing shoes D. a kind of gloves
三）Word Formation 构词法：遇到陌生的词或短语时，应注意前缀、后缀和词根，以此来猜测词义。
例：
※The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. ____________
※Remember that People on line may not be who they seem. Because you can't see or even hear the person. It would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone who says that "she is a 12-year-old girl." could really be an old man.
The underlined word “misrepresent” means_______________
A．making a wrong judgment about B. understanding somebody wrongly
C. giving a wrong description of D. forming a wrong opinion about
※Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized.
In the sentence, the word “victimized” means _____.
A. to be responsible B. to suffer unfairly
C. to be criticized D. to be the cause of the crime
练习：
1.Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometer down. At six kilometers, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.
The underlined word “geothermal energy.” Means________.
A. renewable source B. underground source
C. heat inside the earth D. temperature of the earth
2.Don’t listen to his nonsense.
A. foolish talk; meaningless words B. beautiful words C. clever talk; meaningful words
3. He lived a hard life in pre-liberation days.
A. before liberation B. after liberation C. since liberation
四）小结：
阅读理解中猜测生词的含义可通过：
1、____________________________
2、____________________________
3、____________________________
巩固练习：
1. Everyone knows that college students drink wine in part to escape the pressure of studying. Drinking is a good way to forget about chemistry or composition for a while, right Well, this generalization may not be true. Drs. Elizabeth Parker and Ronald Alkana ran experiments showing that ethanol—pure booze—might aid memory if it is taken in moderate amounts immediately after learning something. At least that is what seems to have happened with drinking mice: they remembered an electric shock for an average of 110 seconds longer than their sober friends. So if alcohol affects human beings as it does mice, we may one day be drinking to remember rather than to forget.
As is used in the passage, the word “sober” can be described as ____.
A.drunk B. not drunk C. awake D. sleepy
2. She didn’t hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
A. 心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的
3. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever
4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest
5. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dry D. became beautiful
6. When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors
turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.
Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it
as safe, and white as calm.
The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” means that the colors_______.
A. had weak effects on the customers B. tricked the customers into shopping
C. caused the customers to lose interest D. attracted the customers strongly
7. Fermat’s Last Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat
in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,
including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and
who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text
A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit people’s imagination.
8. A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to
Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the under lined word “hassle” probably mean
A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests．
9. Recently, studies have been undertaken to determine if a relationship exists between violence
on television and violence in the streets of America. More and better research is needed to
assess fully the effects of exposure to violence on human behavior; however, early results seem
to indicate that certain elements of society are influenced negatively by what they see on
television.
The word "assess" could best be replaced by
A. undertaken B. determine C. indicate D. influence
10. We live in a materialistic society and trained from our earlier days to try to get more. This
materialistic opinion has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these
days learn knowledge only for their own benefit. Every course of studies must lead somewhere, i.e. to a good deal of money. The supply cannot satisfy the demand for skilled personnel(人才) and big companies compete with each other to get good students from the university before they have completed their studies. Big salaries are offered to them. This kind leads to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder(the company which provides them more money). The most able citizens of poorer nation move to the wealthier neighbors.
As a result, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.
The underlined word means ______.
A. shortage of skilled personnel B. outflow of talented people
C. job-hopping(跳槽) D. interchangeability of personnel
11. Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole
body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When
you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.
The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.
A. settlement B. exercise C. excitement D. tiredness
12. Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other Person, we even copy his behivour. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you’re sitting-it's pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it’s our way of telling each other that you’re parents. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle (微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions. ”
The underlined word “synchronise” means “_________”.
A. move slowly B. change rapidly C. relax temporarily D. respond accordingly
13. “My parents’ generation never had bottled water,” says Isabelle Silverman, an Environmental Defense legal adviser. She has made a commitment to going bottle free. “You don’t need to fetch it home from the store, and it’s cheaper,” she adds.
The underlined part “going bottle free” means “_______”.
A. making bottled water free B. abandoning bottled water
C. recycling use water bottles D. providing free water containers
阅读理解解题技巧（2）---猜测词义
答案：
1. Definition 定义法:1、易碎的2龙卷风/潮湿的3工作狂4 听诊器5 魔术师6 蚊子※浇灌 ※有牙齿的
小结：定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示
或者：通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组(is; was; mean; that is; that’s to say; or; namely ; in other words ; to put it another way; i.e , such as ; like; especially; for instance; for example )来确定词义
练习1.【修辞】明喻 2. 社会流动性 3.坚决的 4.C.有进取心的 5. C. magazines 6 码头防波堤
2. Contrast 对比法:
1）复杂的 2）污秽 的 3）节俭的 4) 不同意 5)无辜的
小结：表转折关系的词常有如_but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though，on the contrary ,instead of
练习1. B. calm 2. B. indirect 3. A. indifferent 4. D. silent 5. 混乱
3. Cause & Effect 因果法 1弹性的 2混浊的3 B 4从后面的结果永远不能再运动"中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为"永远的，永久的"。
小结：因果关系信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
练习：1因为泼了水，所以火被extinguished“熄灭” 2精明的 3修剪 4.B 5.复制品
4．举例法：※设施 ※家禽
常见的信号词: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of
1-2AC
5、同义词、近义词：
※1取代、更换 ※2 胖 ※3”（反义词） deteriorated;deteriorated 即：“恶化”※ 即：“厌恶”，“不喜欢”※ get better反义词恶化※despise （反义词）love despise
小结：同义词、近义词的信号词有同义词常见词:or, and, like, similarly, also, still, the same as, in the same way 等。
反义词的信号词有With the help of words like:unlike, but, however, while, on the contrary, instead of, not…but…on the other hand...
练习:1下岗2胆小鬼3money 4 有害的
6. Context 上下文：※A ※C ※B※A 练习：1 C2C3A
二）生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理：
※1麻醉 ※2涟漪、起伏的波浪※3收缩※4. 症状※5易挥发的
练习：1.颤抖2.D 3 turns into vapour蒸发4C 5B 6B 7. A
三）Word Formation 构词法：※1不可回收资源※2C．※3 B “victim”是 “受害者”的意思，-ize是“使…化，使成为”的动词后缀，结合起来看， “victimize”是“成了受害者或牺牲品的意思” B
练习：
1.“geothermal”是个生词，但它有一个典型的英语术语前缀，即geo-（地球，大地）。
在高考英语词汇手册中有geography（地理）和geology（地质学）这两个词。
常见的还有：geochemistry（地球化学）， geodynamics（地球动力学），geophysics（地球物理学），等等。 这个词与地球、地质有关。而且下文又介绍说，在地球上的某些地方每深入地下1公里，地温就升高30度。在结尾处，作者还说，地热在有些国家已得到了利用。 由此可见，geothermal energy是一种 产自地下的热能。 C 2A 3A
四）小结：
1上下文包括：1. Definition 定义法 2. Contrast 对比法 3. Cause & Effect 因果法 4. Example 例举法 同义近义词 . 6 Context 上下文
2 生活常识
3 构词法
巩固练习：
1.B C BACC 7解析:同义法．由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat)，并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等并列关系，据此推断出baffle为使困惑、难倒、难以理解的意思。故答案为B。8解析:反义法．由前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以推断出,为了庆祝孩子的生日,又不至于麻烦,可以买一个生日开心包。hassle的意思应该与fun相反,而与difficulty, trouble等相近。故答案为C。9B 10B 11 B 12 D 13.B
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一、２００8年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求:
要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义；
２、理解文中具体信息；
３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；
４、作出简单判断和理解；
５、理解文章的基本结构；
６、理解作者的意图和态度。
二、词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1) The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.
2) The word “…” is most likely to mean ______.
3) What do you think the expression “…” stands for
4) The underlined word “…” means ______.
三、猜测词义的解题方法，分项示例：
一）根据上下文：
1. Definition 定义法: 有时作者对文中出现的一些较难理解的词，往往会做进一步的解释、说明，我们可以以此为线索来猜测词义。
●标点符号 ( ) ---- :
※ It will be very hard but also very brittle--- that is, it will break easily.____________
※ Tornadoes ( violent and destructive whirl wind ) normally occur on hot, humid ( a little wet ) day, but not necessarily in the summer.___________，______________
※Japan has a problem many other countries would envy—its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease “workaholism” is proving a difficult job, partly because many of them like work better than anything else, experts say. ______________
●定语从句或同位语
※ Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lungs and his heartbeats.____________
※ He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks._______________
●重述：利用重述作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。
※ A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood._____________
※ In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.____________
※ All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales. ______________
◎表定义或释义关系得信号词有： _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
练习：
1.When writing an article, we often use simile, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like
lightning”． “simile” means“___________”.
2. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.
“Social mobility ”means _________________
3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. ___________
4. Frank is a very enterprising person. He always thinks of new ideas to make his business run better. A.令人惊讶的 B.神秘的 C.有进取心的 .贪钱的
5. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers
6.The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water._______________
2. Contrast 对比法:
※ Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，however we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve. ____________
※ Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby._________
※ John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.____________
※If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ______________
※Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.___________________
◎表转折关系的词常有如________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________等。
练习：
1. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic
2. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight D . tough
3. Unlike his grandpa, who was quite friendly and loveable, Micheal’s grandfather was quite standoffish. A. indifferent B. selfish C. ugly D. narrow-minded
4. .Jane was talking with others while Tom remained reticent all the time.
A. gossip B. angry C. shy D. silent
5. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil._______________
3. Cause & Effect 因果法：当生词出现在含有因果关系的句子中，可通过这种关系，结合自身的生活经验或一般常识，对生词进行猜测。
※ Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. ___________
※ The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ________
※That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
A. small B. large C. dull D. new
※The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent，so the player could never play the sport again.____________
◎ 因果关系信号词有：__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
练习：
1. He poured a basin of water on the fire, which was extinguished immediately. ____________
2. He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ____________
3. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
4 ---Since you are my superior（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
5. Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ____________
4. Example 例举法 ：利用举例作为从上下文猜词的线索。文章的作者常常通过列举一些名词或事例来说明他在文章中所用的一个词。
※Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes._______
※On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.__________
◎例举法常见的信号词有：_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
练习：
1. People can shop for a variety of products on the Internet. Physical products include items such as books, CDs, clothes and food. These types of products are the most common purchases through the Internet.
The phrase “physical products” means_____.
A. Things that can be seen or felt B. Things useful for heath care
C. things that help you keep fit D. things connected with sports
2. The largest player —Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices —deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.
The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to_____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. Cars for rent D. Car makers
5、同义词、近义词：有时作者为了说明相反或相同的人或事，经常会使用一些反义词来进行对比或使用同义词来避免重复，我们可以通过正反关系的对比来猜测词义。
※The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. ____________
※Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. ____________
※He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated. ____________
※His father despises him, while his mother loves him very much. ____________
◎同义词、近义词的信号词有____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
◎反义词的信号词有：_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
练习：
1. Helping laid-off workers and unemployed people find jobs is crucial (关系重大的)and pressing task facing the Chinese Government, President Jiang Zemin stressed yesterday, he urged better service to create work for the unemployed. ____________
2．Are you a man or a mouse When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward. ____________
3. At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. ____________
4．Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They also regard drinking as harmful. ____________
6. Context 上下文具体的语言情景（根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义）：一个单词在句中并非是孤立的成分，它同句中的其他单词有着密切的关系，即上下文线索，理解单词、词组、句子的意思，一定要结合上下文来领会其深层含义，在这过程中尤其要注意一词多义的现象。
例：
※The fresh trout is very cheap, but I don’t know how to cook it．
A．fish B．cake C．apple D. wine
※The boy wants to ride a brown pony. A．dog B．cat C．horse D. plane
※ In the sale fever, people were spending money like water without thinking whether they needed what they were buying. As long as it was a bargain, it was OK.
You won’t believe this but as soon as I got home, I crashed out for four hours. Then I had dinner and went back to bed, fearing the sound of the alarm which would tell me to get ready for the second day of the sale.
The expression “crashed out” means _____.
A. chatted with her friends B. slept soundly C. broke down D. dined out
※This kind of flower thrives in this area because the weather is warm, the soil is excellent and there is a lot of rain.
A. grows well B. makes a few flowers C. dies D. fails to grow
练习：
1．Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
The word yielded in the last sentence means ________
A. improved B. increased C. produced D. sold
2. Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People's food supplies were similarly vulnerable
The underlined word "vulnerable" means：___________
A .impossible to make sure of B. likely to be protected
C. easy to damage D. difficult to find
3. From New York to London to Singapore, the users tell us no company produces a better product for language learners at all levels Ring for more information, or order at WWW. . We guarantee that you have nothing to lose if it's not for you; let us know within 6 weeks and we will completely reimburse you.
. What does the underlined part "reimburse you" probably mean
A. Return the money you paid. B. Change the product you bought.
C. Offer you a free repair. D. Guarantee you the quality.
二）生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理：
例：
※When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. ____________
※When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. ____________
※Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled. ____________
※One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever ____________
※Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ____________
练习：
1.In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. ____________
2.The mobile has been turned into a secret messaging service by teen users. When they talking on the mobile, their parents are not able to eavesdrop on the second line.
The underlined word “eavesdrop” means_______________
A. join in actively B. interrupt rudely C. watch carefully D. listen secretly
3. The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporates， forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward． “evaporates” means “______________”
4. Albert’s success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.
A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. courage
5. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.
A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C.有效的 D. 匆促的
6. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.
A. 上级 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下级
7. In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou’westers, the storm was so heavy that they
were wet through. .
A. a kind of raincoat B. a kind of hat
C. a kind of fishing shoes D. a kind of gloves
三）Word Formation 构词法：遇到陌生的词或短语时，应注意前缀、后缀和词根，以此来猜测词义。
例：
※The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. ____________
※Remember that People on line may not be who they seem. Because you can't see or even hear the person. It would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone who says that "she is a 12-year-old girl." could really be an old man.
The underlined word “misrepresent” means_______________
A．making a wrong judgment about B. understanding somebody wrongly
C. giving a wrong description of D. forming a wrong opinion about
※Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized.
In the sentence, the word “victimized” means _____.
A. to be responsible B. to suffer unfairly
C. to be criticized D. to be the cause of the crime
练习：
1.Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometer down. At six kilometers, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.
The underlined word “geothermal energy.” Means________.
A. renewable source B. underground source
C. heat inside the earth D. temperature of the earth
2.Don’t listen to his nonsense.
A. foolish talk; meaningless words B. beautiful words C. clever talk; meaningful words
3. He lived a hard life in pre-liberation days.
A. before liberation B. after liberation C. since liberation
四）小结：
阅读理解中猜测生词的含义可通过：
1、____________________________
2、____________________________
3、____________________________
巩固练习：
1. Everyone knows that college students drink wine in part to escape the pressure of studying. Drinking is a good way to forget about chemistry or composition for a while, right Well, this generalization may not be true. Drs. Elizabeth Parker and Ronald Alkana ran experiments showing that ethanol—pure booze—might aid memory if it is taken in moderate amounts immediately after learning something. At least that is what seems to have happened with drinking mice: they remembered an electric shock for an average of 110 seconds longer than their sober friends. So if alcohol affects human beings as it does mice, we may one day be drinking to remember rather than to forget.
As is used in the passage, the word “sober” can be described as ____.
A.drunk B. not drunk C. awake D. sleepy
2. She didn’t hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
A. 心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的
3. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever
4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest
5. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dry D. became beautiful
6. When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors
turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.
Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it
as safe, and white as calm.
The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” means that the colors_______.
A. had weak effects on the customers B. tricked the customers into shopping
C. caused the customers to lose interest D. attracted the customers strongly
7. Fermat’s Last Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat
in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,
including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and
who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text
A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit people’s imagination.
8. A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to
Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the under lined word “hassle” probably mean
A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests．
9. Recently, studies have been undertaken to determine if a relationship exists between violence
on television and violence in the streets of America. More and better research is needed to
assess fully the effects of exposure to violence on human behavior; however, early results seem
to indicate that certain elements of society are influenced negatively by what they see on
television.
The word "assess" could best be replaced by
A. undertaken B. determine C. indicate D. influence
10. We live in a materialistic society and trained from our earlier days to try to get more. This
materialistic opinion has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these
days learn knowledge only for their own benefit. Every course of studies must lead somewhere, i.e. to a good deal of money. The supply cannot satisfy the demand for skilled personnel(人才) and big companies compete with each other to get good students from the university before they have completed their studies. Big salaries are offered to them. This kind leads to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder(the company which provides them more money). The most able citizens of poorer nation move to the wealthier neighbors.
As a result, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.
The underlined word means ______.
A. shortage of skilled personnel B. outflow of talented people
C. job-hopping(跳槽) D. interchangeability of personnel
11. Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole
body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When
you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.
The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.
A. settlement B. exercise C. excitement D. tiredness
12. Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other Person, we even copy his behivour. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you’re sitting-it's pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it’s our way of telling each other that you’re parents. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle (微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions. ”
The underlined word “synchronise” means “_________”.
A. move slowly B. change rapidly C. relax temporarily D. respond accordingly
13. “My parents’ generation never had bottled water,” says Isabelle Silverman, an Environmental Defense legal adviser. She has made a commitment to going bottle free. “You don’t need to fetch it home from the store, and it’s cheaper,” she adds.
The underlined part “going bottle free” means “_______”.
A. making bottled water free B. abandoning bottled water
C. recycling use water bottles D. providing free water containers
阅读理解解题技巧（2）---猜测词义
答案：
1. Definition 定义法:1、易碎的2龙卷风/潮湿的3工作狂4 听诊器5 魔术师6 蚊子※浇灌 ※有牙齿的
小结：定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示
或者：通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组(is; was; mean; that is; that’s to say; or; namely ; in other words ; to put it another way; i.e , such as ; like; especially; for instance; for example )来确定词义
练习1.【修辞】明喻 2. 社会流动性 3.坚决的 4.C.有进取心的 5. C. magazines 6 码头防波堤
2. Contrast 对比法:
1）复杂的 2）污秽 的 3）节俭的 4) 不同意 5)无辜的
小结：表转折关系的词常有如_but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though，on the contrary ,instead of
练习1. B. calm 2. B. indirect 3. A. indifferent 4. D. silent 5. 混乱
3. Cause & Effect 因果法 1弹性的 2混浊的3 B 4从后面的结果永远不能再运动"中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为"永远的，永久的"。
小结：因果关系信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
练习：1因为泼了水，所以火被extinguished“熄灭” 2精明的 3修剪 4.B 5.复制品
4．举例法：※设施 ※家禽
常见的信号词: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of
1-2AC
5、同义词、近义词：
※1取代、更换 ※2 胖 ※3”（反义词） deteriorated;deteriorated 即：“恶化”※ 即：“厌恶”，“不喜欢”※ get better反义词恶化※despise （反义词）love despise
小结：同义词、近义词的信号词有同义词常见词:or, and, like, similarly, also, still, the same as, in the same way 等。
反义词的信号词有With the help of words like:unlike, but, however, while, on the contrary, instead of, not…but…on the other hand...
练习:1下岗2胆小鬼3money 4 有害的
6. Context 上下文：※A ※C ※B※A 练习：1 C2C3A
二）生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理：
※1麻醉 ※2涟漪、起伏的波浪※3收缩※4. 症状※5易挥发的
练习：1.颤抖2.D 3 turns into vapour蒸发4C 5B 6B 7. A
三）Word Formation 构词法：※1不可回收资源※2C．※3 B “victim”是 “受害者”的意思，-ize是“使…化，使成为”的动词后缀，结合起来看， “victimize”是“成了受害者或牺牲品的意思” B
练习：
1.“geothermal”是个生词，但它有一个典型的英语术语前缀，即geo-（地球，大地）。
在高考英语词汇手册中有geography（地理）和geology（地质学）这两个词。
常见的还有：geochemistry（地球化学）， geodynamics（地球动力学），geophysics（地球物理学），等等。 这个词与地球、地质有关。而且下文又介绍说，在地球上的某些地方每深入地下1公里，地温就升高30度。在结尾处，作者还说，地热在有些国家已得到了利用。 由此可见，geothermal energy是一种 产自地下的热能。 C 2A 3A
四）小结：
1上下文包括：1. Definition 定义法 2. Contrast 对比法 3. Cause & Effect 因果法 4. Example 例举法 同义近义词 . 6 Context 上下文
2 生活常识
3 构词法
巩固练习：
1.B C BACC 7解析:同义法．由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat)，并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等并列关系，据此推断出baffle为使困惑、难倒、难以理解的意思。故答案为B。8解析:反义法．由前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以推断出,为了庆祝孩子的生日,又不至于麻烦,可以买一个生日开心包。hassle的意思应该与fun相反,而与difficulty, trouble等相近。故答案为C。9B 10B 11 B 12 D 13.B
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