(共20张PPT)
Grammar
Attributive Clauses
定语从句
定语从句
（Attributive Clauses）
在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，它的作用相当于一个形容词,因此也叫形容词性从句.被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
For example:
This is a book which tells about
modern science.
先行词
关系代词
定语从句
关系代词有：
Who
Which
That
Whom
Whose
关系代词who, that作主语
1. Your friend came to see you yesterday.
2. Your friend studies in Beijing University.
Your friend who/that studies in Beijing University came to see you yesterday.
关系代词whom, that 作宾语
1. He is the man.
2.You have been waiting for the man.
He is the man (whom/that) you have
been waiting for.
关系代词 which, that 作主语
1. It sounded like a train.
2. A train was going under my house.
It sounded like a train which/ that
was going under my house.
关系代词which/ that 作宾语
1. The earth is a big ball.
2. We live on the earth.
The earth (which/ that) we live on is a big ball.
关系代词whose 作定语
1. Do you know the man
2. The man’s watch is missing.
Do you know the man whose watch
is missing
它还可以同of which互换
whose+n.= the n. +of which
1. Please pass me the book.
2. The book’s cover is green.
Please pass me the book the cover
of which is green.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green
1. Yesterday I met Mr. Li_________ told me the whole matter.
2. This is the man______ daughter is in my class.
3. The book ___________ they sent me is very good.
练一练
who/that
(which/that)
whose
1.先行词是all, any , anything, nothing, only, little, much, very, every, some, few, 或被这些词 等修饰时
① I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
② Every dictionary that our library bought is good.
但要注意在以下情况下,指物时用that 不用which, who
2. 当先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰时
① This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
① The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
② The Great Wall is the last place that Mr. Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.
3. 先行词前有序数词修饰时，包括the last,
the very, the only…
4.当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时
① We talked of the things and persons that we remembered.
5. 当主句本身以疑问词who 或 which开头时
Who is the girl that you want to
make friends with
Which is the book that you borrowed
from the library
注意：
先行词是those（指人）, he, she这几
个代词时，需要用who
He who laughs last laughs best.
He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
1. You may take anything useful ____ you want.
2. This is the very book____ I ‘m looking for.
3. This is the only thing ____ we can do.
4. We should do all ____is useful to the people.
练一练
that
that
that
that
1. He ____plays with fire gets burst.
A. Who B. which C. that D. whose
2. I didn’t believe them at first but in fact everything ___was true.
A. they said B. what they said
C. whose they said D. which they said
练一练！
3. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people ___ he had visited.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
4. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone____ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom
C. of whose D. whose(共16张PPT)
This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago.
This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.
The school is near a park. My son studies in this school.
The school where my studies is near a park.
关系副词where
They’ll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1.
They’ll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.
The days are gone forever. We used foreign oil during those days.
The days when we used foreign oil are gone forever.
关系副词when
when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league.
on which(=on the day)
=
We still remembered the days when we travelled together.
The time ____ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
when
in which(=in the days)
=
where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语, 相当于“介词+ 关系代词(which)”。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
in which(=in the house)
=
Harvard is a world-famous university where
Wang An got his Doctor degree.
The place _________ we visited yesterday is a school for disabled children.
which/that
Harvard is a world-famous university. There Wang An got his Doctor’s degree
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
for the reasons =why
关系副词why
The relative adverb (关系副词） Referring to Function in the clause
when(=at / in/ on which)
where (=in/ at which)
why(= for which)
time
修饰时间
place
修饰地点
reason
修饰原因
先行词在定从中的不同成分, 引导词不同:
a. This is the place where he works.
This is the place which (that) we visited last year.
b. That was the time when he arrived.
Do you still remember the days that (which) we spent together
c. This is the reason why/for which he went.
The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.
1. Is this the factory ____ he worked ten years ago
A. that B. where
C. which D. the one
2. Is this factory ___ some foreign friends visited last Friday
A. That B. where
C. which D. the one
3. I shall never forget those years __ I live in the farm __ you visited last week.
A. when; where B. which; which
C. when; which D. which; where
4. Who can think of a situation _____ this idiom can be used
A. which B. that
C. where D. in that
5. I should like to use the same TV set ___ is used in your classroom. A. which B. who C. as D. whose
1. This is the man ___ wants to see you.
2. A clock is a machine __________ tells people the time.
3. I don’t know the reason ____ he was late for the class.
4. He lost my bike, _____ made me unhappy.
A birthday is the date ____ one was born.
who
which/that
why
which
when
5. Is there anyone _____ family is in Beijing
6. He is doing such work __I am.
7. Do you know the reason ____________ no one questioned Aristotle’s theory for about 2,000 years
whose
as
why/for which(共25张PPT)
Unit 4 Earthquakes
Period 1: Warming up and reading
How many Nature Disasters do you know
typhoon
tornado,
hurricane
Tsunami(海啸)
volcanic eruption
sand storm
thunderstorm
earthquake
Do you know what would happen
before an earthquake
Before an quake, animals will become nervous. Cows, pigs, horses and dogs will be upset. Mice will run about and fish will jump out of water. In winter, people can even see snakes. So earthquake is predictable(预测的).
Bright lights flash in the sky
Animals are too nervous, such as cows, dogs, horses, and snakes, etc.
Predictions of an earthquake:
1) Bright lights flash in the sky;
3) The walls have deep cracks with smelly gas;
4) Animals are too nervous, such as cows, pigs, horses, and snakes, etc;
5) Mice run out to look for places to hide;
6) Fish jump out of the bowls and ponds.
2) The water in the well rises and falls;
I. Warming-up
1.Say something about these two cities.
Tangshan is a beautiful city with gardens, wide roads.
San Francisco is a city with tall buildings thickly
standing on the earth.
It is always calm before a storm.
Tangshan
San Francisco
These two cities are famous for their earthquakes during a period of calm.
So one should not trust situations that seem peaceful since bad things may happen.
Join the correct parts of the sentences.
2 The people didn’t
worry because
1 The chickens didn’t eat because
C they were
nervous.
E they didn’t know what the strange events meant.
Such a great number
of people died because
4 Water was needed
because
5 The people did not lose hope because
B the quake happened while they were sleeping.
D dams and wells
were useless.
A the army came
to help them.
Tangshan,
Hebei
July 28th,
1976
Reading
Sum up the main idea of each part of the passage.
(use one word to describe)
Part 1: para 1
Part 2: para 2&3
Part 3: para 4
signs
damage
recovery
Reading-II----scanning (2m)
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Part 1
Part 2
Before the earthquake strange things began to happen but no one took any notice of them.
The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan and shocked the people very much.
Part 3
Paragraph 4
The army came to help the survivors, bringing hope for a new life.
TIME EVENTS
For three days
At about 3:00 am on July 28,1976
At 3:42 am on July 28,1976
Afternoon of July 28,1976
Soon after the quake
For three days
At about 3:00 am on July 28,1976
1. water in the village wells rise and fell
2. well walls developed deep cracks
3. a smelly gas came out of the cracks
4. chicken and even pigs were too nervous to eat
5. mice ran out of the fields
6. fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.
1. bright lights appeared in the sky
2. the sound of planes could be heard
although there were no planes
3. some water pipes burst
At 3:42 am on July 28,1976
Afternoon of July28, 1976
Soon after the quake
1.Everything began to shake
2. Huge cracks appeared in the road
3.Steam burst from holes in the ground
4.Rock turned rivers of dirt
5.75% buildings and 90% of homes were
gone
6.More than 400,000 people killed or
injured
1.a second quake almost as strong as
the first one
2.More damage to buildings and rescuers
1.the army arrived
2.shelters built for survivors
3.water supplies brought in
Retell the story
____________ happened in Tang Shan. For a few days, water in the wells _____________. From the ______ of wells __________come out. Mice, chicken, pigs and even fish became ________. At 3:00 am, everything began to ______.It seemed that the world was _________. _________ of the nation ____ it. ___________cut across the city. The city lay _______.
Strange things
rose and fell
cracks
smelly gas
nervous
shake
at an end
One-third
felt
A huge crack
in ruins
Two-thirds of the people _____ or ___________. Then later that afternoon, another big quake ______ Tang Shan. People began to wonder ___________________________. But all hope ____________. _______ came to help those ________. Slowly, the city began to _____________.
died
were injured
shook
how long the disaster would last
was not lost
Soldiers
breathe again
survivors
Tang shan’s new look
What shall we do if an earthquake happens
Discussion
Don’t be nervous and keep calm.
Don’t try to run out of the classroom.
Protect your head by putting your bag on your head.
Squat or sit down under your desk.
Leave the classroom after the earthquake.
Homework:
1. Try Retell the story
2. List out the measures that people can take when an earthquake happens.(共24张PPT)
Unit 4 Earthquakes
Period 3: Grammar
认为……不好;对……不在意
像往常一样
看起来好像…
结束
严重受损;陷入废墟
吹走
数以百万计
相反;代替
救援人员
挖出
倒塌
专心致志于……
并非所有的希望都破灭了。
think little/badly of…
as usual
It seems as if…
at an end
lie/be in ruins
blow away
tens of thousands of…
instead of
rescue workers
dig out
fall down
bury oneself in doing sth.
All hope was not lost.
修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。
引导定语从句的关联词有：
定语从句
关系代词：who, whom
whose, which, that
关系副词：when, where
e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词
定语从句
Do you know the man
He spoke just now.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
1.The one million people of the city, who thought little
of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
*The one million people of the city were asleep as
usual that night.
*They thought little of these events.
2.It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two
hundred kilometres away.
*It was felt in Beijing.
*Beijing is more than two hundred kilometres away.
3.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty
metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
*A huge crack cut across houses, roads and canals.
*The huge crack was 8 kilometres long and 30 metres
wide.
4.The number of people who were killed or injured
reached more than 400,000.
*The number of people reached more than 400,000.
*People were killed or injured.
5.It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories
and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.
*It was a city.
*The city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and
buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.
6….Another big quake which was almost as strong
as the first one shook Tangshan.
*Another big quake shook Tangshan.
*The quake was almost as strong as the first one.
7.The army organized teams to dig out those who
were trapped and to bury the dead.
*The army organized teams to dig out those (people)
and to bury the dead.
*Those (people) were trapped.
8.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes
had been destroyed.
*Workers built shelters for survivors.
*Survivors’ homes had been destroyed.
The army organized teams to dig out the
people who were trapped.
先行词
定语从句
who, whom指人, 在从句中作主语或宾语, whom可省略。
who, whom的用法
The person (whom) you just talk to is
my teacher.
whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (指人)
whose的用法
The room whose window faces south
is mine. (指物)
which 指物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
which的用法
Then, later that afternoon, another big quake
which was as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
I have found the book (which) I lost. (作宾语)
(作主语)
that的用法
that指人或物， 在从句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
An earthquake is a disaster that may detroy everything. (指物)
Who is the man that is reading a book over there
(指人)
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much, none, the one 等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
等不定代词修饰时。
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。
NOTE
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they
are talking about
6. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which is the bike that you lost
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
定语从句中，必须用which的情况：
1.在非限制性定语从句中。
2. 当动词短语中的介词提前时，先行词是物就用which;先行词是
人就用whom。
This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
The girl to whom I talked just now is my good friend.
3. The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose
1. The earthquake___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
2. We don’t know the number of people ____________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake
that / which
that / who
which /that
6. Harry is the boy ________ mother is our maths teacher .
4. A house ____________ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake.
5. Luckily none of the people ______________ I know were killed in the earthquake .
which / that
who/whom/that
whose
1.This is all____I know about the matter.
A.that B.what C.who D.whether
2.Is there anything else_____you want
A.which B.that C.who D.what
3.The last place _____we visited was
the Great Wall.
A.which B.that C.where D. it
Choose the best answers:
4. Please take the second chair_______is over there.
A. where B. which C. who D. that
5.Is oxygen the only gas __ helps fire burn
A. that B./ C.which D.it
6.Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police（NMET98’)
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
7. All of the flowers now raised here have
developed from those ____ in the forest.
A. once the grew B. they grew once
C. that once grew D. once grew.
8. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
9. The weather turned out to be very good,
____ was more than we expected.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten
windows; most of ____ hadn’t been
cleaned for ten years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
填空：
1. Look at that lady ______ name is Pochi.
2. He is a teacher _________ I like very much.
3. Those pictures _________ were drawn by Tom are nice.
4. Those _____will go to the park stay here.
5. That was all the money ______I had.
whose
whom/that
which/that
who
that
6. Tom is the first boy _____left the room.
7. Look at the boy and his dog _____are coming this way.
8. You can read any book _____I have.
9. That was the year _____I went to America.
10. we came to the town, ______we stayed for 2 hours.
that
that
that
when
where
翻译
1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。
He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.
2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。
I don’t know the girl whom/that you speak to.
3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。
She is a girl who is called Mary.
4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。
Those boys who are playing tennis are
my friends.
5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天
Do you remember the day when we
arrived here
Homework:
校本作业 Period 2
书上Page 29 Ex2
