09广东高考完形填空公开课专题
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文档简介
高考专题完形填空应试的策略与技巧
授课班级：高三（6）班 授课教师：阮慧芬
英语完形填空题主要考查学生阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力和对具体语境的把握能力，设10处空白，每处空白要求学生从文下所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳选项作为答案。考生必须尽可能地利用短文中上下文中出现过的信息词、信息句去猜测推断意思，理解线索，弄清句与句之间、段落与段落之间的联系，从而达到全面理解整篇文章、进而找到最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整的目的。
第一章： 高考完形填空典型例析
2008年广东高考英语完型填空，介绍了流传在英国的一个仙女偷换小孩的民间故事，叙述与说明相结合，现以其为例，说明如何灵活针对不同考点采用恰当技巧、方法求得最佳答案。
Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女). Not all of these 21 are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are 22 and cause much human suffering. This is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 24 to the parents. It was then 25 that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and 26 the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended 27 . However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been 28 . In those cases there was often a way to get the 29 baby back. You could 30 the Changeling on the fire--then it would rise up the chimney, and you would hear the sound of fairies’ laughter and soon after you would find your own child safe and sound nearby.
21. A. babies B. believers C. fairies D. supermen
22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
23. A. sick B. slim C. short D. small
24. A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable
25. A. feared B. predicted C. heard D. reported
26. A. covered B. changed C. replaced D. terrified
27. A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods
28. A. missed B. stolen C. found D. lost
29. A.1ittle B. pale C. sad D. real
30. A. seize B. burn C. place D. hold
试题答案和设提分析：
题号 答案 答题依据 设提技巧
21 C 指前文句子中提及的 “a belief in fairies”, 和下文“they”一致。 词语复现
22 B 从“Not all of these … are the friendly, people-loving…”，可知文中所提fairies非友善、受人爱戴之类型，即cruel 逻辑关系
23 A 从并列的形容词“pale”和动词 “change” 可知。 词语复现
24 D 从句中“change so much” 可知。 逻辑关系
25 A 把自己的孩子换走，当然害怕 常识
26 C 固定搭配 replace…with …替代。 搭配
27 D 呼应前文所述“many ways”。 词语复现
28 B 根据连接词even if 可推断出答案 逻辑关系
29 D 仙女用“Changeling”把婴儿调包了。用这方法要把真正的孩子找回来。 逻辑关系
30 C 固定搭配，place....on the fire, 把Changeling放在火上 搭配
卷面分析，实词（动词，名词，形容词和副词）成了考察内容，虚词（介词，冠词，连词，代词等即不见了踪影。2008的具体设空情况如下：
词性 名词 动词 形容词 副词
题号 21，27 25，26，28，30 22，23，24，29 无考察
数量 2 4 4 0
第二章： 高考完形填空的特点
1）选材原汁原味，体现“跨文化意识”
一般说来，完形填空的选材多具有一定故事情景和教育意义的短文，其文体主要是记叙文，叙中有议。文章多选自原汁原味的英文报刊。由于英美报刊文章不同于中国人所写的英文文章，在遺词造句、行文布局、逻辑思维方面均与中国人有较大差异，因此考生往往会觉得短文“跳跃多”、“起伏大”。这种用原汁原味英文考查学生的选材方式意在保证该项测试的难度，并且对强化英语教学的“跨文化意识”发挥较好的作用。2008年广东高考英语完型填空题介绍了流传在英国的一个仙女偷换小孩的民间故事，叙述与说明相结合，内容原汁原味，有异国文化含量。
2）设空及选项注重情景，考查综合运用语言能力
一般说来，文章长度大约200词，首句一般不设空。选项多为单词，短语比较少见，侧重考查动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等实词在具体语境中的得体使用，不少涉及词语辨析、情感、情理和逻辑思维，很少考点是单纯考短语搭配或语法规则，对考生的综合能力要求甚高。设空常注重以下几个方面：
① 语境用词
这类考点要求考生依据上下文情景、语境，甚至段落或文章，从四个选项中选出最佳答案。其涉及面非常广，如时间、地点、方向、情感、动作等等。解这类题的关键是选项要合情入理。
②词语辨析
完形填空中有些考点涉及词义辨析。这类考点可以一箭双雕，既考查考生对词语的掌握和词汇量的大小，对考查考生结合语境情景用词能力。与单项填空题的词语辨析题相比，完形填空题的词语辨析更具综合性。
③常识应用
从语言为实际生活服务这一基本原则出发，完形填空必然有考查常识的考点，借此也可以测试出学生的知识面和视野的开阔程度以及灵活运用常识理顺语句、语篇的能力。因此考生要注意在某些相关点利用生活常识进行合理思维，以选择正确答案。
④ 归纳概括
这类考点多见于议论文、说明文和科普文中，旨在检测考生的综合归纳、全面概括能力。要求考生高层建瓴，由段落或篇章中心去捕捉若干点的答案。
⑤ 逻辑推理
完形填空的逻辑推理题网涉及行文走势，句段的起承转合，事情发展的先后过程，开始与结果之间的关系，是与非的鉴别判断，时间、地点、人物、背景的相互牵连等。在议论文、科普文、夹叙夹议文体中，经常会出现这类考题。
处理这类问题，要抓住结构、语义及逻辑三条主线，在此基础上进行合理的推断和预测。答题时，首先要注意所选的答案填入空白处后整个句子语法结构是否合理；其次，看语义是否通顺，上下文是否连贯、呼应；第三，如果几个选项填入空白处，结构和语义没有问题，那就要从逻辑角度推理判断哪个选项填入最为合理。全文填空结束以后，应复读全文，核查意思是否合理，前后有无矛盾等。
第三章： 高考完形填空策略指导
I. 解题步骤
第一步：跳读首尾句，判断文体，预测主题。
一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句是不挖空的，先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。
第二步：通读全文，把握大意。
做完形填空时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间，各层次之间的内在联系，把握文章的完整性。只有这样才符合这种题型的解题思路。
第三步： 逐句细读，确定选项。
大致把握了全文的大意和作者的意图之后，就可以根据上下文，选取与文意最贴切的选项。此时，应遵循先易后难的原则，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”。对没有把握的选项不妨先放一放，接着往下看，往往会出现“柳暗花明”的情况。
第四步：再次阅读，复查答案。
复查时从意义和语法两个角度考虑，着眼于全篇。特别注意的是，我们所选的是“最佳”选项而不是“正确”答案。
II. 解题技巧
①. 根据上下文语境来确定最佳选项 近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。
[例1] I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was ______ and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad ______ a step and fell, sending my new suitcase rolling down the stairs. (NMET2000)
A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired
A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked
[例2]One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive .suddenly I ______ that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, ______ he knew me. [NMET 2005]
A.knew B. understand C. recognize D. notice
. A. since B. even if C.. though D. as if
②. 根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理 完形填空往往以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。
[例3] But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble ______ .(04北京卷）
A. speaking B. sleeping C. breathing D. moving
[例4] (Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the ______ hospital.(NMET1989)
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
[例5] …,she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00. On______ days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.（04江苏卷）
A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy
③. 根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配来选择答案 词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的，多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学词语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。
[例6] So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel ______ while I was at college.
A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back
[例7]They spend millions of dollars yearly ______ newspapers and magazines…
A. in B. to C. on D.for
④. 根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案 要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。
[例8] When the papers were ______ , she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. （NMET 1996）
A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered
⑤利用语法分析解题 完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目。对于他们，考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点，对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成分，哪类词合适，应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、谓语形式、非谓语形式、及物、不及物、持续性质、非持续性质、主谓搭配以及其如何与其它词类配合使用等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其进行分析解答完形填空题是一种非常有效的解题方法。
[例9]I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most surprising and tiring games I've ever had. When Ed first phoned and ______ we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory. ……(2003全国卷)
A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested
[例10] I was leaving ______ several girls camp up to me.（2004天津卷）
A. while B. when C. as D. since
⑥．利用语篇标志解题 语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位，如句群，段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语可称为语篇标志。如：表示结构层次的语篇标志语有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等。表示逻辑关系的有：thus， therefore，so等；表示改变话题的有：by the way等 ；表示递进关系的有besides, what is more, further等; 表示时间关系的有 before, so far, yet, meantime, meanwhile, now, later等等。在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
[例11] … you leave it at peace just as you found it，______ , animal will be disturbed.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Then
[例12] It has been many years since I was last in London______ still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and B. for C. but D. as
[例13] It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice: stay in school ______ leave to work on my magazine. (05山东卷）
A. besides B. but C. and D. or
⑦．摆脱定势逆向思维 考生如果学习方法不当，对某些知识点进行了过度强调，就会产生思维定势。例如过度强调make sb. do sth. 这一，当看到 make sb. 时就会不假思索地用不带to的不定式do sth.作宾语补足语。其实make sb. 后面也有可能接不定式短语的。如：The father made a paper tiger to please his son. 不过to please his son 不是宾语补足语，而是目的状语。思维定势使一些考生形成猜题的心理。完形填空题中常利用反猜手段设计一些似是而非的题目，利用学生的思维定势，诱导学生“误入歧途”。
总之，完形填空解题时要注意运用适当的技巧，克服急躁心理，试着从上下文角度、文化背景角度、生活常识角度、惯用法和固定搭配及语法和词义角度等多角度来进行分析，也就是把多种方法结合起来。
第四章： 高考完形填空综合练习
When I first came to the USA, I made friends with a neighbor who used to live only two blocks away form my street .This friend taught me a lot about American 1 , but in some cases I had to learn the hard way , because we didn’t have enough time together for me to learn all about American culture from him.
One day this same friend invited me to a party . It wasn’t a (n) 2 party , only some kind of informal get-together .
It was the most 3 party for me when I noticed that. Everybody was wearing jeans and simple T-shirts for the day , 4 I arrived in proper dress with my shoes and my hair all fixed for a fancy party . It was hard to explain my embarrassment to the other guests . When one of them turned around and said , “What nice clothes ! What 's the occasion ”I felt my 5 burning hot . I didn’t answer at all. Many times I thought of going home and 6 but I knew they would notice . It would be even 7 for me because I knew they would quickly think that I felt out of 8 . So I wanted to pretend that I was OK…
I have already realized their customs are different from mine . They care less about formality (形式) 9 it is a special occasion, like a 10 or a very formal invitation.
1. A. art B. culture C. history D. people
2.A. real B. pleasant C. usual D. evening
3. A.exciting B. surprising C. embarrassing D. enjoyable
4. A. as B. while C. when D. and
5. A. heart B. body C. face D. hand
6.A.changing B.crying C. sleeping D.dancing
7.A. worse B. luckier C. better D. easier
8. A.order B. breath C. place D. mind
9.A. unless B. if C. As long as D. since
10. A. party B. picnic C. meeting D. wedding
PAGE
授课班级：高三（6）班 授课教师：阮慧芬
英语完形填空题主要考查学生阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力和对具体语境的把握能力，设10处空白，每处空白要求学生从文下所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳选项作为答案。考生必须尽可能地利用短文中上下文中出现过的信息词、信息句去猜测推断意思，理解线索，弄清句与句之间、段落与段落之间的联系，从而达到全面理解整篇文章、进而找到最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整的目的。
第一章： 高考完形填空典型例析
2008年广东高考英语完型填空，介绍了流传在英国的一个仙女偷换小孩的民间故事，叙述与说明相结合，现以其为例，说明如何灵活针对不同考点采用恰当技巧、方法求得最佳答案。
Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女). Not all of these 21 are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are 22 and cause much human suffering. This is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 24 to the parents. It was then 25 that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and 26 the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended 27 . However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been 28 . In those cases there was often a way to get the 29 baby back. You could 30 the Changeling on the fire--then it would rise up the chimney, and you would hear the sound of fairies’ laughter and soon after you would find your own child safe and sound nearby.
21. A. babies B. believers C. fairies D. supermen
22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
23. A. sick B. slim C. short D. small
24. A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable
25. A. feared B. predicted C. heard D. reported
26. A. covered B. changed C. replaced D. terrified
27. A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods
28. A. missed B. stolen C. found D. lost
29. A.1ittle B. pale C. sad D. real
30. A. seize B. burn C. place D. hold
试题答案和设提分析：
题号 答案 答题依据 设提技巧
21 C 指前文句子中提及的 “a belief in fairies”, 和下文“they”一致。 词语复现
22 B 从“Not all of these … are the friendly, people-loving…”，可知文中所提fairies非友善、受人爱戴之类型，即cruel 逻辑关系
23 A 从并列的形容词“pale”和动词 “change” 可知。 词语复现
24 D 从句中“change so much” 可知。 逻辑关系
25 A 把自己的孩子换走，当然害怕 常识
26 C 固定搭配 replace…with …替代。 搭配
27 D 呼应前文所述“many ways”。 词语复现
28 B 根据连接词even if 可推断出答案 逻辑关系
29 D 仙女用“Changeling”把婴儿调包了。用这方法要把真正的孩子找回来。 逻辑关系
30 C 固定搭配，place....on the fire, 把Changeling放在火上 搭配
卷面分析，实词（动词，名词，形容词和副词）成了考察内容，虚词（介词，冠词，连词，代词等即不见了踪影。2008的具体设空情况如下：
词性 名词 动词 形容词 副词
题号 21，27 25，26，28，30 22，23，24，29 无考察
数量 2 4 4 0
第二章： 高考完形填空的特点
1）选材原汁原味，体现“跨文化意识”
一般说来，完形填空的选材多具有一定故事情景和教育意义的短文，其文体主要是记叙文，叙中有议。文章多选自原汁原味的英文报刊。由于英美报刊文章不同于中国人所写的英文文章，在遺词造句、行文布局、逻辑思维方面均与中国人有较大差异，因此考生往往会觉得短文“跳跃多”、“起伏大”。这种用原汁原味英文考查学生的选材方式意在保证该项测试的难度，并且对强化英语教学的“跨文化意识”发挥较好的作用。2008年广东高考英语完型填空题介绍了流传在英国的一个仙女偷换小孩的民间故事，叙述与说明相结合，内容原汁原味，有异国文化含量。
2）设空及选项注重情景，考查综合运用语言能力
一般说来，文章长度大约200词，首句一般不设空。选项多为单词，短语比较少见，侧重考查动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等实词在具体语境中的得体使用，不少涉及词语辨析、情感、情理和逻辑思维，很少考点是单纯考短语搭配或语法规则，对考生的综合能力要求甚高。设空常注重以下几个方面：
① 语境用词
这类考点要求考生依据上下文情景、语境，甚至段落或文章，从四个选项中选出最佳答案。其涉及面非常广，如时间、地点、方向、情感、动作等等。解这类题的关键是选项要合情入理。
②词语辨析
完形填空中有些考点涉及词义辨析。这类考点可以一箭双雕，既考查考生对词语的掌握和词汇量的大小，对考查考生结合语境情景用词能力。与单项填空题的词语辨析题相比，完形填空题的词语辨析更具综合性。
③常识应用
从语言为实际生活服务这一基本原则出发，完形填空必然有考查常识的考点，借此也可以测试出学生的知识面和视野的开阔程度以及灵活运用常识理顺语句、语篇的能力。因此考生要注意在某些相关点利用生活常识进行合理思维，以选择正确答案。
④ 归纳概括
这类考点多见于议论文、说明文和科普文中，旨在检测考生的综合归纳、全面概括能力。要求考生高层建瓴，由段落或篇章中心去捕捉若干点的答案。
⑤ 逻辑推理
完形填空的逻辑推理题网涉及行文走势，句段的起承转合，事情发展的先后过程，开始与结果之间的关系，是与非的鉴别判断，时间、地点、人物、背景的相互牵连等。在议论文、科普文、夹叙夹议文体中，经常会出现这类考题。
处理这类问题，要抓住结构、语义及逻辑三条主线，在此基础上进行合理的推断和预测。答题时，首先要注意所选的答案填入空白处后整个句子语法结构是否合理；其次，看语义是否通顺，上下文是否连贯、呼应；第三，如果几个选项填入空白处，结构和语义没有问题，那就要从逻辑角度推理判断哪个选项填入最为合理。全文填空结束以后，应复读全文，核查意思是否合理，前后有无矛盾等。
第三章： 高考完形填空策略指导
I. 解题步骤
第一步：跳读首尾句，判断文体，预测主题。
一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句是不挖空的，先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。
第二步：通读全文，把握大意。
做完形填空时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间，各层次之间的内在联系，把握文章的完整性。只有这样才符合这种题型的解题思路。
第三步： 逐句细读，确定选项。
大致把握了全文的大意和作者的意图之后，就可以根据上下文，选取与文意最贴切的选项。此时，应遵循先易后难的原则，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”。对没有把握的选项不妨先放一放，接着往下看，往往会出现“柳暗花明”的情况。
第四步：再次阅读，复查答案。
复查时从意义和语法两个角度考虑，着眼于全篇。特别注意的是，我们所选的是“最佳”选项而不是“正确”答案。
II. 解题技巧
①. 根据上下文语境来确定最佳选项 近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。
[例1] I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was ______ and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad ______ a step and fell, sending my new suitcase rolling down the stairs. (NMET2000)
A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired
A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked
[例2]One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive .suddenly I ______ that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, ______ he knew me. [NMET 2005]
A.knew B. understand C. recognize D. notice
. A. since B. even if C.. though D. as if
②. 根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理 完形填空往往以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。
[例3] But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble ______ .(04北京卷）
A. speaking B. sleeping C. breathing D. moving
[例4] (Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the ______ hospital.(NMET1989)
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
[例5] …,she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00. On______ days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.（04江苏卷）
A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy
③. 根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配来选择答案 词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的，多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学词语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。
[例6] So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel ______ while I was at college.
A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back
[例7]They spend millions of dollars yearly ______ newspapers and magazines…
A. in B. to C. on D.for
④. 根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案 要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。
[例8] When the papers were ______ , she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. （NMET 1996）
A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered
⑤利用语法分析解题 完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目。对于他们，考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点，对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成分，哪类词合适，应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、谓语形式、非谓语形式、及物、不及物、持续性质、非持续性质、主谓搭配以及其如何与其它词类配合使用等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其进行分析解答完形填空题是一种非常有效的解题方法。
[例9]I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most surprising and tiring games I've ever had. When Ed first phoned and ______ we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory. ……(2003全国卷)
A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested
[例10] I was leaving ______ several girls camp up to me.（2004天津卷）
A. while B. when C. as D. since
⑥．利用语篇标志解题 语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位，如句群，段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语可称为语篇标志。如：表示结构层次的语篇标志语有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等。表示逻辑关系的有：thus， therefore，so等；表示改变话题的有：by the way等 ；表示递进关系的有besides, what is more, further等; 表示时间关系的有 before, so far, yet, meantime, meanwhile, now, later等等。在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
[例11] … you leave it at peace just as you found it，______ , animal will be disturbed.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Then
[例12] It has been many years since I was last in London______ still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and B. for C. but D. as
[例13] It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice: stay in school ______ leave to work on my magazine. (05山东卷）
A. besides B. but C. and D. or
⑦．摆脱定势逆向思维 考生如果学习方法不当，对某些知识点进行了过度强调，就会产生思维定势。例如过度强调make sb. do sth. 这一，当看到 make sb. 时就会不假思索地用不带to的不定式do sth.作宾语补足语。其实make sb. 后面也有可能接不定式短语的。如：The father made a paper tiger to please his son. 不过to please his son 不是宾语补足语，而是目的状语。思维定势使一些考生形成猜题的心理。完形填空题中常利用反猜手段设计一些似是而非的题目，利用学生的思维定势，诱导学生“误入歧途”。
总之，完形填空解题时要注意运用适当的技巧，克服急躁心理，试着从上下文角度、文化背景角度、生活常识角度、惯用法和固定搭配及语法和词义角度等多角度来进行分析，也就是把多种方法结合起来。
第四章： 高考完形填空综合练习
When I first came to the USA, I made friends with a neighbor who used to live only two blocks away form my street .This friend taught me a lot about American 1 , but in some cases I had to learn the hard way , because we didn’t have enough time together for me to learn all about American culture from him.
One day this same friend invited me to a party . It wasn’t a (n) 2 party , only some kind of informal get-together .
It was the most 3 party for me when I noticed that. Everybody was wearing jeans and simple T-shirts for the day , 4 I arrived in proper dress with my shoes and my hair all fixed for a fancy party . It was hard to explain my embarrassment to the other guests . When one of them turned around and said , “What nice clothes ! What 's the occasion ”I felt my 5 burning hot . I didn’t answer at all. Many times I thought of going home and 6 but I knew they would notice . It would be even 7 for me because I knew they would quickly think that I felt out of 8 . So I wanted to pretend that I was OK…
I have already realized their customs are different from mine . They care less about formality (形式) 9 it is a special occasion, like a 10 or a very formal invitation.
1. A. art B. culture C. history D. people
2.A. real B. pleasant C. usual D. evening
3. A.exciting B. surprising C. embarrassing D. enjoyable
4. A. as B. while C. when D. and
5. A. heart B. body C. face D. hand
6.A.changing B.crying C. sleeping D.dancing
7.A. worse B. luckier C. better D. easier
8. A.order B. breath C. place D. mind
9.A. unless B. if C. As long as D. since
10. A. party B. picnic C. meeting D. wedding
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