虚拟语气专题
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虚拟语气专题详细讲解
虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点，因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下，以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。
一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用。
虚拟条件句中主、从句谓语采用不同的形式。
形式 情 况 条 件 从 句 主 句
与现在事实相反 过去式(be用 were) Would(should,could might)+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+动词过去分词 Would(should,could,might)+have+动词过去分词
与将来事实相反 1.过去式 2.should+动词原形 3. were to+动词原形 Would(should,could,might)+动词原形
虚拟条件句使用的注意点。
1.混合虚拟条件句：主从句动作发生的时间不一致。谓语动词采用不同的形式。
1) If you had come last week, you could work out the problem now.
2) If he had listened to me, he wouldn’t be in trouble now.
3) If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。
2.隐含条件句.without 、but for 、but、or构成虚拟。(but for要不是)
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Without your help, I would have failed.
3. If only … (要是…就好了)
If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
4.虚拟条件从句中有should， were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
Were I you, I would give it up.
If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
二、虚拟语气宾语从句中的使用：
1． 用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。
2． 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时。
3． 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。
I wish I were a bird. (现在)
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (过去)
We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. (未来)
2. 主语＋would rather ＋that从句
I would rather you paid me now. (现在)
I would rather you had not told her the news. (过去)
Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来)
3. 表示要求，命令，建议等动词后的宾语从句。
坚持：insist
命令,决定：order, command, decide
建议，主张：advise, suggest, propose, recommend, vote, move, urge
要求请求：demand , require, request, desire，ask，beg
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。
注意 insist suggest
He insisted that he ___ anything and that he ___ free at once. ( )
A. shouldn’t steal; should be set
B. hadn’t stolen ; be set
C. shouldn’t steal; should set
D. hadn’t stolen; should set.
三。虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用。
(1) It is important / necessary / natural / strange + that + clause (should) + do …
It is natural that he (should) think so .
Is it necessary that he be given more time
(2) It is suggested / requested/ proposed/ desired/ decided that + clause (should) + do ….
It is requested that he go there right now.
It was arranged that they leave the following week.
(3) it is a pity / a shame / no wonder that + clause should do….
It is no wonder that he should do so.
It is a pity that he should be so careless.
四。虚拟语气在表语从句中的使用：
主句主语是：suggestion ( proposal, request, order, advice, idea, plan …) + be +that clause (should) do …
他的建议是我们立即完成这项工作。
His advice is that the work be done at once.
五。虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用。
suggestion ( proposal, request, order, advice, idea, plan，recommendation …) +that clause (should) do ….
What do you think of Tom’s proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening
He gave us his suggestion that we not go on doing the experiment.
六。虚拟语气在as if, as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中的使用。
1. He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
2. They talked about the city as if they had been there before.
七。虚拟语气在特殊句式中的使用。
你该走了。
It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you should go.
我们该睡觉了。
It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed.
八. think / want / hope / expect / plan / mean / intend等词用过去完成时表示“原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事”. 其后的宾语从句谓语用“would+动词原形”
1. I had wanted to help her, but I was too busy at that time.
2. I had hoped that she would go to the USA. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.
虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点，因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下，以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。
一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用。
虚拟条件句中主、从句谓语采用不同的形式。
形式 情 况 条 件 从 句 主 句
与现在事实相反 过去式(be用 were) Would(should,could might)+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+动词过去分词 Would(should,could,might)+have+动词过去分词
与将来事实相反 1.过去式 2.should+动词原形 3. were to+动词原形 Would(should,could,might)+动词原形
虚拟条件句使用的注意点。
1.混合虚拟条件句：主从句动作发生的时间不一致。谓语动词采用不同的形式。
1) If you had come last week, you could work out the problem now.
2) If he had listened to me, he wouldn’t be in trouble now.
3) If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。
2.隐含条件句.without 、but for 、but、or构成虚拟。(but for要不是)
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Without your help, I would have failed.
3. If only … (要是…就好了)
If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
4.虚拟条件从句中有should， were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
Were I you, I would give it up.
If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
二、虚拟语气宾语从句中的使用：
1． 用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。
2． 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时。
3． 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。
I wish I were a bird. (现在)
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (过去)
We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. (未来)
2. 主语＋would rather ＋that从句
I would rather you paid me now. (现在)
I would rather you had not told her the news. (过去)
Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来)
3. 表示要求，命令，建议等动词后的宾语从句。
坚持：insist
命令,决定：order, command, decide
建议，主张：advise, suggest, propose, recommend, vote, move, urge
要求请求：demand , require, request, desire，ask，beg
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。
注意 insist suggest
He insisted that he ___ anything and that he ___ free at once. ( )
A. shouldn’t steal; should be set
B. hadn’t stolen ; be set
C. shouldn’t steal; should set
D. hadn’t stolen; should set.
三。虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用。
(1) It is important / necessary / natural / strange + that + clause (should) + do …
It is natural that he (should) think so .
Is it necessary that he be given more time
(2) It is suggested / requested/ proposed/ desired/ decided that + clause (should) + do ….
It is requested that he go there right now.
It was arranged that they leave the following week.
(3) it is a pity / a shame / no wonder that + clause should do….
It is no wonder that he should do so.
It is a pity that he should be so careless.
四。虚拟语气在表语从句中的使用：
主句主语是：suggestion ( proposal, request, order, advice, idea, plan …) + be +that clause (should) do …
他的建议是我们立即完成这项工作。
His advice is that the work be done at once.
五。虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用。
suggestion ( proposal, request, order, advice, idea, plan，recommendation …) +that clause (should) do ….
What do you think of Tom’s proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening
He gave us his suggestion that we not go on doing the experiment.
六。虚拟语气在as if, as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中的使用。
1. He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
2. They talked about the city as if they had been there before.
七。虚拟语气在特殊句式中的使用。
你该走了。
It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you should go.
我们该睡觉了。
It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed.
八. think / want / hope / expect / plan / mean / intend等词用过去完成时表示“原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事”. 其后的宾语从句谓语用“would+动词原形”
1. I had wanted to help her, but I was too busy at that time.
2. I had hoped that she would go to the USA. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.