Unit 2 English around the world Warming up ,Reading and Grammar

Unit2 English around the world
学案
Warming up ,Reading and Grammar
AIMS
1. 了解英语在世界上的发展状况，认识各种各样带有民族，地域特色的英语。
2. 对英国英语和美国英语的差异有所了解
3. 掌握本单元教学目的和课标词汇的用法。
4. 掌握间接引语中命令与请求的表达方法。
WARMING UP
1. Read Warming up and find the words or phrases which have the similar meaning with the following
A. go to the pictures__________________ B.underground________________
2. languages points
⑴ Do you know that there is more than one kind of English
More than one ________________,其后跟____数可数名词。做主语时谓语动词用____数形式的谓语动词。
Eg.Translate:
More than one student knows the news._________________________________________.
不止一个学生看过这部影片。_________________________________________________.
⑵In some important ways they are very different from one another.
Be different from___________________
他所说的和他所做的完全不同。________________________________________.
Answers:go to the movies the subway station 不止一个 单 单 不止一个学生知道这个消息。 More than one student has watched the film. 与…不同 What he said was quite different from what he did.
The road to modern English
Step1.Read the text quickly and do the following exercises
1. Which country may have the largest number of English speakers
_______may have the largest number of English speakers.
2. Why has English changed over time
All languages change when_______communicate________each other.
3. Which language did English sound like from AD450 to 1150
From AD450 to 1150 ,English sounded like _______
4. Why did English sound more like French from about1150 to 1500
At that time ,French ______England.
5. When did Shakespeare make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before
______ _______ ________Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
6. When did Britain rule India
Britain ruled India from______to ________.
7. When did Britain begin to rule Hong Kong
Britain began to rule HongKong since about________.
Answers:China cultures with German ruled By the 1600s 1765 1947 1842
Step2.Read the the passage carefully and decide whether the statements are true or false and explain why.
1. English had the most speakers in the 17th century. ﹝﹞
2. English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain. ﹝﹞
3. Languages frequently change. ﹝﹞
4. The language of the gobernment is always the language of the country. ﹝﹞
5. English is one of the official languages used in India. ﹝﹞
6. This reading describes the development of the English language. ﹝﹞
Answers:FTFFTT
Step3. Paragraph1.Read the first paragraph and finish the following exercises.
1.Topic sentence:_____________________________________________.
2.Question:Why there were more English speakers in the 17th century
. _______________________________________________________.
3. language points
at the end of the 16th century __________________________________
在会议结束时 _________________________________
Make voyages/a voyage to ______________________________
鉴真几百年前东渡日本。_________________________________________.
Because because of
They are here because of us.________________________________________.
We were late because it rained._________________________________________.
归纳：because because of 的意思是_______.但because是_____词，引导____,而because of 是_____词，后跟___词,___词或____词.
Answers:English is a language spoken all around the world. Because at that time,people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world . 在16世纪末 at the end of a meeting Jianzhen made voyages to Japan several years ago. 因为我们他们才来这里的。 下雨了，所以我们迟到了。 因为 连 从句 介 名词，代词，动名词
Paragraph2.
Topic sentence:________________________________________________.
Some translation exercises:
彼此了解 _________________-_ come up to =come to ______________________.
Even if=even though _______________________
He likes to help us_________________________________﹝尽管他很忙﹞
Answers: The example of the difference between different native English speakers. Understand each other 来 尽管 even if/though he is very busy.
Paragraph3.
Topic sentence______________________________________________.
Languages change and develop when___________________________________.
FromAD 450 to 800,English was _______more on_________
From AD800 to 1150,the Danish and French ______the English language especially______
By the 1600s,Shakespeare could ___ ____ ____ a ____ vocabulary than ____ _______.
In 1620,British settlers ____ to _____,then English began to be spoken in _______
Later in the 18th century, some English were ____ to _____,so English began to be spoken in______.
Language points:
被建立在……的基础上 __________________
这部小说是以一个真实的故事为根据的。_______________________________________.
Make use of =use ________________________
作为学生，我们应当充分利用我们的课余时间。______________________________.
Answers:Why English is changed over time. Cultures meet and communicate with each other based German enriched its vocabulary make use of wider ever before moved America America taken Australia Australia be based on The novel is based on a true story.. 利用，使用 As a student, we should make good use of our spare time.
Paragraph4.
Topic sentence______________________________________________.
Answers: English was settled.
Paragraph5.
Topic sentence ______________________________________________________.
Language points
A large number of _________________________
The number of _____________________________.
A number of =numbers of , 后接______名词，做主语时谓语动词用____数； the number of 后接______名词，做主语时谓语动词用___数。
Eg: 许多学生对英语感兴趣。______________________________________.
学生的数目是500.______________________________________.
Answers: Wildly use of English. 许多 ……的数目 一些 可数名词复数形式 复数 可数名词复数形式 单 A large number of students are interested in English. The number of the students is 500.
Step4.Read the text again and complete the following passage
English,which was only spoken by the people living in England in the ____century,began to be spoken by other countries from the next century with the English colonists____to other countries around the world.As a result,there are a lot of countries who speak English as their ____language,such as the U.S.,Canada,Australia and etc.There are also other countries speaking English as a foreign or _____language,such as some south Asian countries and Afican countries,which was once____by Britain in history.
Though there are different Englishes in the world,the ____speakers can have almost no difficulty in communicating with each other____they did have some trouble in understanding each other’s words,spelling,pronunciation and dialects.
English is an all-the –time _____language,for example, the English of AD450 to 1150,which is based on ____was quite____the English spoken from 1150 to 1500,which is more based on ____.Thanks to Shakespeare’s efforts,English had with the help of Noah Webster.
Answers;16th moving first second ruled native even if the same changing German different from French usage identity
1. Step5.Read the text again and translate the following phrases into English.
2. 在十六世纪末期 ____________________ 2.五到七百万___________________
3. 在下个世纪晚期_____________________ 4.航海去做某事________________
5. 因为……__________________________ 6.即使 ______________________
7. 互相交流________________________ 8.建立在……的基础上__________________-
9. 目前 ________________________ 10到十七世纪为止____________________
11. 利用___________________________ 12.许多______________________
13 例如__________________________ 14. ……的数目 ________________________
Answers:1.at the end of the 16th century 2.five to seven million 3.later in the next century 4.make voyages to do sth 5.because of 6.even if 7.commucate with each other 8.be based on 9. at present 10 .by the 17th century 11.make use of 12. a large number of 13. for example 14.the number of
Step6. some difficult sentences
1.English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.英语不那么像德语了，因为那时的英国统治者先是讲丹麦语的，后来是讲法语。
句中because引导的______状语从句，who ruled England 是_____从句，修饰代词_______.
3. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.起初从公元450到1150年，在英格兰人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。
句中 spoken in England 和spoken today 是过去分词充当_______,修饰________。Be different from的意思是__________.
Answers: 原因 定语 those 后置定语 English 与……不同
Text2 STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS
Step1.Read the text and tell the statements T or F
1. The English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.
2. American English has many dialects,especially the Midwestern,eastern,African Ameriican and Spanish dialects.
3. Geography is the only reason for making dialects.
4. The US has many different dialects.
5. Americans can recognize each other’s dialects even after they moved.
Answers : FFFTT
Step2.Read the text again and find the topic sentences from it.
1._______________________________________________________.
2._______________________________________________________.
3.________________________________________________________.
Answers:
1. What is standard English
2. What is called a dialect
3. Geography also plays a part in making dialects.
Step3.Read again and translate the following into English.
不管你信不信__________________ 期待某人做某事____________________
扮演一个角色；参与___________________________
Answers: believe it or not expect sb to do sth play a part in
Step3.Difficult sentence
Believe it or not,there is no such a thing as standard English.
信不信由你，﹝世界上﹞没有什么标准英语。
Believe it or not 在句子作插入语，意思是 信不信由你，我说的是真的 同样用法的还有动词不定时或分词形式表达，如 to tell you the truth________________________
Generally speaking __________________________
Eg.信不信由你，明天的考试取消了。__________________________________________.
Answers 说实话 一般来说 Believe it or not ,the examination tomorrow is cancelled.
GRAMMAR
Step1.look at the following explanations about speeches ,try to understand it better.
1. 陈述句的间接引用为that的宾语从句﹝口语中的that可以省略﹞，主句中的引述动词主要有say,tell repeat ,explain, think等，例如：
He said :“I’ve left my purse at home.” He said that she had left his purse at home.
2. 一般疑问句变成间接引语后接连词if或是whether,而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether…or….主句的引述部分用asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me,him等。例如：
She said to Tom,“Can you help me ” She asked Tom if he could help her.
3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：
The teacher asked,“How did you repair it ”
The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
4. 祈使句的间接引语一般采用“动词+宾语+不定时”结构。Told/asked/ordered sb ﹝not﹞ to do sth .如果祈使句是表示请求，间接引语的动词常用ask,如果是表示命令，间接引语的动词常用tell,order,command等。例如：
The teacher said to the students,“Don’t waste your time.”
The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
直接引语如果是以“let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词﹝或从句﹞”例如：
He said ,“let’s go to the film.”
He suggested going to the film.
﹝He suggested that they should to to see the film.﹞
5. 直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导。例如：
He said,“What a lovely day it is !”
She said what a lovely day it was.或She said that it was a lovely day.
注意：
1.时态的变化
直接引语变成间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。现在时态需要改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时态；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。例如：
She said,“I have lost a pen.” She said that she had lost a pen.
2.直接引语是客观真理时，时态不发生变化。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,”the teacher told me.
The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
3.如果直接引语中有具体的过去某年，某月某日作状语时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 21,1982.”
Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1982 .
Step2.SOME EXERCISES
1.“Please help me clean the classroom,”she said to me.
2. “Don’t tell him the news.”the teacher said.
3. “Why not have a meeting to discuss the problem ”Lihua said.
4.“Do you want to go with me ”Tom asked me in a whisper.
5..Jack said to Mary, “Let’s have supper now.”
6.“My brother won’t go swimming with you tommorow.”Mary said to Peter.
Answers:
1. She asked me to help her to clean the classroom.
2. The teacher told me not to tell him the news.
3. Lihua suggested having a meeting to discuss the problem.
4. Tom asked me in a whisper if I wanted to go with him.
5. Jack suggested that they should have supper then.
6. Mary told Peter her brother wouldn’t go swimming with him the next day.