课件31张PPT。高考命题特点与策略三阅读理解理论篇命题趋势:1.由3篇文章组成,总阅读量超过3000词,要求在大约25分钟
内读完.有此推算考生的阅读速度一般不能低于60wpm.附
加5个考题;2.体裁一般为记叙文,议论文,说明文,其中以记叙为主,辅之
以一到两篇科技类的短文;3.信息材料中往往包含对图片的理解,对实用英语---诸如广
告,时刻表等的理解;4.为了考查考生对短文总体的把握程度,命题者往往考查文章
的主旨,大意,最佳标题等,如:
The text is mainly about___________
The writer wrote this article in order to___________
This text is most probably taken from____________
The best headline for this article is____________
What can be the best title for this text?事实细节题5.除了考查对短文的总体把握以外,往往要求对具体的词汇做
出词义上的判断;如果是生词,往往还要考查根据上下文的猜
词能力;6.命题者往往要从常识角度,跨文化差异角度来考查有关方面
的知识和判断能力;7.命题者往往要求根据对短文的表述推断作者的倾向和态度;8.命题者往往要考查对短文深层含义的理解能力;9.9.命题者往往要求在审视整个信息材料的基础上解决实际生
活中问题的能力;10.命题者往往要考查对最新科技动态是否有初步知晓的知识
能力.应试对策1.在平时的知识准备中,
应加强下面几个方面的训练:A.养成良好的阅读习惯.包括:宽视幅阅读、快速默读、眼
脑同时活动、将整体阅读和理解放在首位等；B.应掌握3000～4000个单词，熟练掌握已学过的单词、词
组、句型及其搭配；C.应学会根据上下文猜测词义和短语意义的能力；D.应知晓一些热门科技话题、跨文化差异
等必备的知识。2.在答题时,应做到:A.心平气和、呼吸正常，保持大脑有氧运动；B.先看文后几个考题以及备选答案，以便带着问题阅读；C.第一遍阅读应是快速的，从所带问题入手，以快速阅读
所带来的语感为契机，初步确定2～3个答案；D.未能立即确定的答案，应仔细分析四个备选项在语意上、
语法上的差异，先排除1～2个备选项；E.备选项难以区分差异时，应从逻辑上来推断，亦可用反
证法加以区分或逐一排除干扰项；F.尽可能地将短文所涉及的5w（who,what,When,where,
why及how、1H弄清楚（并非所有短文都具备）G.考查文章深层含义或具体细节时，应迅
速搜集平时的中文、英文积累，去粗取精
去伪存真，由此及彼，以表及里，认真答
题，切不可随意放弃答题机会。解题方法一：速读全文，理解大意。 快速阅读后,仔细阅读短文后的试题,
带着问题,重读文章,寻找答案,一般情况下,
考题中选择标题,中心句等都可以使用
此法.解题方法二：注意首句,抓住中心。一篇文章是围绕一中心思想展开的。一般 情况下，主题多位于每段开头，尤其是新 闻报导，少数在段尾，个别则贯穿在全文 中。因此，弄清文章的中心思想可使用归 纳和概括法解题方法三：了解材料之外的背景知识。平时应对西方社会的风俗习惯、科普常识、人文景观等有所了解，摆脱对某些问题的主观看法，合理分析，大胆推理，力求与作者思路吻合。解题方法四：把握住五个W和一个H。 在速读全文，了解大意的基础上，理
顺思路，摸清脉络，然后把着眼点转移到
文章的每一个段落上，尽快的把握住文章
的五个W(who,when,where,why,what)和一
个H(how)。解题方法五：注意文章的细节。 有些试题是通过细节来表达中心内容的，因此通读全文，掌握作者思路，寻找文章的信息资料，就会准确答题，象图表、时间、史料等。而个别题目则需要计算、推理才能选出正确答案。
解题方法六：注意文章的隐含意义。 每篇文章在阅读后，命题者都希望
我们能明白一些没有明显表达之意。这
就要求我们理解作者的立场、观点，按
照故事发展的正常规律，发掘文章的隐
含意义，理解其言外之意。解题方法七：统观全篇，前后对照。 做完阅读理解题后，要立足整体，把
全文再快读一遍，逐一校对各题的答案，
注意各题答案是否前后照应。Take a break高考命题特点与策略三阅读理解实践篇（一）怎样理解的中心思想 文章是由段落组成的。段落是支撑一
个主题（topic)的一群句子，段落的主题
就是段落的中心思想。抓住段落的中心思
想是确定全文中心思想的基础和前提。 段落的主题通常是由被称之为主题
句（Topic Sentence)的句子来表示的。
主题句有两个功能，1.介绍段落的主题
（topic),2.阐述控制概念（Controlling
idea),控制概念用以控制段落中的句子
讨论的内容。例如： Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments
show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most
serious and terrible disease(illness) cancers,cigarette smoking also
can cause other health problem.For example it can give one a
“smoker’s cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette
Smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or
terrible killer cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?___________________________________找出主题句：分析：该主题句介绍的主题是“smoking”,控制概念“harmful to
your health”,控制主题“smoking”讨论的范围。也就是说主题
后面的句子都是支撑句(supportings)，支撑句紧扣“抽烟对人
有害”这一中心展开讨论，凡是与“有害”概念无关的细节都是
离题的。总而言之，主题句是概括段意的关键或骨干句子，找
到了主题句便意味着找到了这一段的中心思想。主题句的位置： Sometimes an animal has a plant partner.The relationship
develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other.
This is so in the corals of the sea.In their skins they have tiny plants
which act as “dustmen”,taking some of the waste products from
the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to
breathe. If the plants are killed,or are even prevented from receiv-
ing light so that they cannot live normally,the coral will die.What does the paragraph mainly discuss?
A.Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.
B.Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.
C.Some plants depend on each other for food.
D.Some animals live better together.___________________________________?分析：A.本段文章先提出topic后,接着就举例来支撑所提出
的topic。主题句位于段首 主题句位于段首是由作者先
立论，后摆事实讲道理的写作手
法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型
段落。根据有关统计数字表明，
在英语议论文或说明文中，有60
－90％的主题句是段落的第一句。 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the
Other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional
criminal.And the man who knows “everything” may really only
be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge
a person only by his appearance.The main idea of this passage is that__________
A.an innocent person looks more guilty than a professional does.
B.the man who knows “everything”may really knows nothing.
C.we are foolish if we judge a person only by his appearance.
D.it is difficult to tell the guilty from the innocent. ? _______________
____________________分析：C.本文先说理，后用So作结论。主题句位于段末 主题句位于段末是作者采
用了先摆事实讲、道理，后作
结论的写作手法。这种段落称
作归纳型段落。 Alaska’s ice water teems with(充满) fish.Fishing industry
is the leading industry.The value of products prepared every year
for market is about $1000,000,000.This forms the important part
of Alaska’s wealth. _____________
________________The passage deals with________
A.geography of Alaska B.fishing industry of Alaska
C.fish market of Alaska D.Alaska’s wealth?分析：B.本文先举出事例：Alaska’s ice water is full of fish.
紧接着就做出结论：Fishing industry is the leading
industry.接着又举出更为详细的事实来进一步支撑
其结论。主题句位于段落的中间 主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间，
但不一定就在正中间。有时，第一句
并非主题句，而是承上启下的过渡句。
在这种情况下，第二便成了主题句。
此外，主题句也可能是段落的倒数第
二句。这种段落是从支撑细节开始，
发展到结论(出现主题句)。当主题句出
现后，又进一步用细节支撑说明，其
安排程序是：
次要—重要—次要Tom studied for four years at the University of Paris and decided
to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of
Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and later
Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.
He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this passage is that________
A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,
moved to another university.
B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law
Law School and later from Boston College.
C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin
University
D.Tom received an excellent education.?分析:D.本段落没有明显的主题句，要通过分析文章的细节来归纳
中心思想。Tom在法、德、美三国的四所名校就读，且成绩优
异，所以D为答案，其他均为细节信息。主题句隐含在段意之中 有些段落没有明显的主题句，其
中心思想包含在各个句子中，这就要求我们依据已知的细节，归纳出段落的中心思想。如何概括和归纳段落的中心思想： 有明显主题句的段落，直接通过主题句确定段落的中心思想；没有明显的主题句，可用略读概括和归纳段落的中心思想。可充分利用引出细节或结论的信息词。1.引出细节的信息词：for example,firstly,to begin with,second
next,then,also,besides that,finally…2.引出结论的信息词：so,therefore,thus,clearly,plainly(显然,
清楚地),apparently,in short,in conclu-
sion,in all,all in all…如何理解整篇文章的中心思想：一般采用三个步骤：(一)找出文中的细节信息，越多越好；(二)在此基础上概括出每段的段落大意；(三)综合各段的段落大意，得出整篇文
章的中心思想就不难找出来了 Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the
world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.OnSeptember20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240men.After passing the tip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered
greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in
April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape
of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.
Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A.Magellan’s Death B.Going Around The World
C.The World Is Round D.Magellan’s Voyage?分析：D.第一段：Magellan’s voyage was the first trip around
the world. 第二段很复杂，介绍了很多细节信息，如：the
starting-and-ending time of the voyage;the ships and the people;
the route;the sufferings and difficulties;the success等，综合这
些细节，这段main idea:The process of Magellan’s long and
difficult voyage.第三段讲的是：Magellan’s voyage proved the
earth is round.把这三个段落的段意概括起来，全文的main idea
就显而易见了，即:D.Magellan’s Voyage.A为第二段的细节信息
，C为第三段的内容，作为全文的立题，均过窄。本文只讲叙了
Magellan’s Voyage,显然B过宽泛，不能选作本文的标题。Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their
literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging
tails, and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental
listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence,accord-
ing to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in Salt Lake City.
The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to
help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading
Education Assistance Dogs(READ).
The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy
specialists admit that children who read below the level of their
fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a headache,”said
Lisa Myron,manager of the children’s department.
Last November the two groups started “Dog Day Afternoon” in
the children’s department of the main library.About 25 children
attended each of the four Saturday afternoon classes,reading for
half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received
A “pawgraphed”book at the last class.The program was so success-
ful that the library plans to repeat it in April,according to Dana
Thumpowsky,public relations managerWhat is mainly discussed in the text?
A.Children’s reading difficulties. B.Advantage of raising dogs
C.Service in a public library. D.A special reading program.?分析：本文也有三个段落，要理解它的中心思想，必须找出各
段落的段落大意。第一第二段有明显的主题句，即:Reading to
dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy
skills;和The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.
第三段没有明显的主题句，根据段内细节，段意应为:the “Dog
Day Afternoon”program and its success.这三段共同支撑着的D.
A special reading program即为本文的中心思想。
课件34张PPT。高考命题特点与策略三阅读理解实践篇（二）如何推测词语意思一，利用构词法推测词义二，根据定义或解释推测词义三，根据内在逻辑关系推测词义四，根据上下文的暗示推测词义五，外部相关因素推测词义一，利用构词法推测词义 常见的构词法有加前缀、后
缀及合成。在推测词义的时候，
可以注意目标词的某个部分是否
是熟悉的词语，再结合相应词缀
的含义确定生词的词义。利用前缀猜测词义1.He fell into a ditch and lay there,semiconscious,for a
few minutes.点拨本句中的semiconscious是一个生词。但其中的
词根conscious意为“清醒的、有意识的”。另
外，这个词的前缀semi-意为“半、部分的、不
完全的”，据此，我们可以推测出该词的词义
为“半清醒的，半昏迷的“。
2.I’m illiterate about such things.点拨本句的词根literate意为“有文化修养的，通晓的”，前缀il-表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通的、不知道的”。3.Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as
an inexpensive way of taking to roads.点拨本句中的inexpensive一词没有在教材中出现，
但其词根expensive却是我们所熟悉的单词。
由此，我们可以根据构此法，推测出其词义
为“not expensive”.根据后缀猜测词义1.Insecticide is applied where it is needed.点拨这个单词中的后缀-cide表示“杀者、杀灭剂”，
结合大家熟悉的词根insect(昆虫)，不难猜出
其意为“杀虫剂”2.Then the vapor may change into droplets.点拨这个词的后缀-let表示“小的”，词根drop指
“滴、滴状物”。将两个意思合起来，便可推
出其意为“小滴、微滴”。3.The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992
and now 12car rental players are in the game,with
more than 11,500cars in their books.点拨这一句中出现了生词rental，但我们对rent
(出租)一词非常熟悉。再根据rental一词在句
中的位置关系，我们可以确定，rental一词在
句中应是形容词做定语，修饰后面的名词firm.
据此，我们可以推断出其词义应是“出租的”。二，根据定义或解释推测词义 在阅读理解的文章中，有些
词语对于我们来说可能是陌生的。
这时，文章可能会对这类词语进
行解释。根据定义猜测词义 在对生词进行定义的时候，定义句
的谓语动词多为：be,mean,deal with,be
considered,to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent,signify,constitute等。通过定
义，我们便可知道生词的词义。
例如： 点拨1.Anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知，此词的意思是“研究人
类的科学”。2.In slang,the term “jam”constitutes a state of being
in which a person finds himself or herself in a diffi-
cult situation.点拨同样，从上下文的定义可知，jam
一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。根据复述猜测词义 虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是
提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词词义。复述形式多
样，具体的复述方式有：同位语、插入语、定语
从句、举例等。同位语 根据生词的同位语，可以猜测出生词的词
义。在复述中构成同位关系的两个部分之间多
用逗号连接，有时候也用破折号、冒号、分号、引
号和括号等。这些标点符号的后面的内容可能是对
前面的词语进行解释，或后面的内容对前面
的词语解释或说明。如：1.It will be competing for the Palmed’Or,the festival’s
top prize.点拨2.Modern medicine began with the stethoscope,a me-
dical tool used for listening to the movements of a
person’s lungs and his heartbeats.点拨本句中的Palmed’Or是个外来词，当然是我们
不能理解的词语。但它后面的解释清楚地告
诉我们，它就是这个节日的最高奖项的名称对绝大多数同学来说这个词是个生词，但后
面的解释会使我们一目了然，很快就可以推
测出它的意思是“听诊器”。3.The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourist Car
Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe
sedans,minivans,station wagons,coaches.
56.The words “deluxe sedans”, “minivans”and “station
wagons” used in the text refer to______
A.cars in the making B.car rental firms
C.cars for rent D.car makers
?点拨本句的两个破折号都是起解释作用的。第二
个破折号后面对choices进行解释。从解释中
我们可以推测出，破折号后面的内容是汽车
出租公司所提供的汽车种类。由此本题的答
案是C。
4.The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out
into the water.点拨在本句中，破折号后面的内容解释了jetty
的词义。据此，我们知道，jetty就是建立
在水中的墙，即“防洪堤”。插入语 插入语“That is”,”That is to say”及并列
连词or也可以对前面的内容进行解释，意为
“也就是说”。这些插入语的的后面也是对
前面的词语进行解释。如：1.Jane is indecisive,that is,she can’t make up her mind
easily.点 拨本句的indecisive是一个生词，但我们
通过“that is”后面的解释可以知道，该
词意为“犹豫不决的”。2.Capacitance,or the ability to store electric charge,is
one of the most common characteristics of electronic
circuits(电器装置).点 拨由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance
的词义－－电容量。需要注意的是：同
位语还常有or,similarly,that is to say,in
other words,namely,or other,say,等副词
或短语出现。定语从句定语从句也可以帮助我们理解生词的含义。如：1.Krabacber suffers from SAD,which is short for seasonal
affective disorder,a syndrome characterized by severe
seasonal mood swings.点 拨根据生词SAD后面的定语从句和同位语，
我们可以推断出其含义，即“季节性
情绪紊乱症“举 例 根据举例也可以推测生词的词义。
恰当的举例也能够提供猜测词义的
重要线索。如：The result of epochal events such as wars and great
scientific discoveries are not confined to a small
geographical area as they were in the past.点 拨句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的
实例，通过它们我们就可以猜出该词的
大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划
时代的”十分接近。三，根据内在逻辑关系推测词义根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指
运用语言知识分析和判断相关信
息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根
据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致
义域。根据对比关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事
物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词
或难词的反义词猜测词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有though,unlike,not,but,however,despite,in
spite of,in contrast,while等引导或连接的句子。
例如： 1.Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean,his
neck still remains grubby.点 拨本句的grubby是不熟悉的单词。但本句前
面一句中的Though和clean暗示了该词的意
思是“dirty(肮脏的)”2.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.
His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
点 拨该例中supercilious对许多同学来说是生词
但句中短语in contrast可以提示我们和后面
词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦虚)是对比
关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出其
意为“目空一切，傲慢的”。3.A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept
workers from the unskilled ones.点 拨该句中并未出现上面提到的表示对比关系
的词语或短语，但是通过上下文可以判断
出句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人与
非熟练工人区分开。这时我们也能够推断
出生词adept的词义是“熟练的”。根据比较关系猜测词义 同对比关系相反，比较关系表示
意义上的相似关系。例如： Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly
loquacious.点 拨该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk
与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。以此可
以推断出其词义为“健谈的”。表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly,
like,just as,also等。根据因果关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象
之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关
系推知生词词义。例如：1.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because
he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of
others.点 拨根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断
出生词autocratic是指“独断专横的”。2.There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square
that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.点 拨此句为结果状语从句，根据从句的描述
“许多示威者“，我们可推知elbow的意思
是“挤、挤过”。根据同义词的替
代关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们也可以利用熟悉的
词语，根据语言环境推断生词的词义。
如：1.Although he often had the opportunity,Mr. Tritt was
never able to steal money from a customer.This would
have endangered his position at the bank,and he did not
want to jeopardize his future.点 拨作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其
同一词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知其词
义为“使……陷入危险，危及、危害”。2.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental
to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.点 拨句中detrimental 是个生词，但判断出
harmful替代这个词后，不难推断出其词
义为“不利的，有害的”。利用上下文的
暗示猜测词义 Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches
and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo.Swedish
businessman Nil Bergqvist is delighted with his new hotel,
the world’s first igloo hotel.Built in a small town in Lap-
land,it has been attracting lots of visitors,but soon the fun
will be over.
In two week’s time Bergqvist’s ice creation will be
nothing more than a pool of water. “We don’t see it as a
big problem,”he says, “We just look forward to
replacing it.点 拨本句中igloo是我们从来没见过的单词。
看完这句后，我们可以通过定语从句的
内容who are bored with baking beaches
and over-heated hotel rooms便可了解到
这个igloo里面应该很凉爽的。再往下看，
下一段又有一句：In two week’s time
Bergqvist’s ice creation(作品)will be
nothing more than a pool of water.从本句
我们可以了解到igloo这东西就是由ice制作
而成的，而且还会化成水。但这个igloo里
面可以住人。由此，我们可以推测出igloo
意为“冰屋”。利用外部相
关猜测词义 外部相关因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。如：
1.Husband:It’s really cold out tonight.
Wife:Sure it is.My hands are practically numb.How
about lighting the furnace?点 拨这段对话中，出现了两个生词numb 和
furnace. 根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手
肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。这样，要
取暖肯定要生“炉子”。据此，我们便可推
测出这两个生词的含义分别是“冻僵的”、
“炉子
2.The biggest power failure happened yesterday.All of
our ice-cream and frozen foods melted.点 拨本句的melted也可以说是同学们不熟悉的。
本句中的ice-cream 和frozen foods在停电的
情况下的一种必然的结果就是“溶化”。3.The snake slithered through the grass.点 拨本句中的slithered是一个生词。但根据有关
蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出其词
义为“爬行”。 By.9:45,everybody was having great fun,but no food
had appeared.Jane and David were restless.Other guests
began whispering that they,too,were starving.But no one
wanted to leave,just in case some food was about to
appear.By 11:00,there was still no food,and everyone was
completely off their heads.Jane and David left hungry
and angry.
The underline words “off their heads”probably mean__
A.tired B.crazy C.curious D.hopeless?根据上文staving 和下文的hungry and
angry可以推断客人们快变疯了。点 拨课件21张PPT。高考命题特点与策略四阅读理解实践篇（三）解答推理判断题 推理判断题要求从文章的某一
细节或某一段落推断出文章没有直
接表述出来的内容，即那些不言自
明的情节或结论。也就是说能通过
文章中的线索进行推理。实质就是
根据已知的事实，来获取未知的信
息。因此，分析、研究文章是解题
的根本.1.仔细审题，准确理解各选项含义，尽快在
文中找到相关句段。2.抓住关键词句，辨清相关内容的语法及逻
辑关系（如因果、对比等）。3.排除文章中表述明确而不需要推理的事实
与文章内容明显不符的选项。解题点拨Example: (2004年全国I)
The most dangerous tests happens when the new plane is going
through test flights in the air.The test pilot must find out exactly what
happens when the engines(发动机)are all shut off at once.The plane
begins to fail like a stone.It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get
control of the plane again.These two tests are examples of how planes
are made safe before they ever carry passengers.
According to the text,why are test flights most dangerous?
A.The plane may explode in the air.
B.The pilot may lose control of the plane.
C.The engines may be damaged.
D.Too much air may get into the plane. ?点拨____________________ _________
_______________________________________________________
____________________根据信息词most dangerous 找到是在最后一段。且根据
红色两句内容可以推出这种实验之所以危险是因为当飞
机像一块石头一样下落时，飞行员必须控制住飞机的飞
行，一旦失去控制，后果不堪设想。故答案为B.解题锦囊 抓住关键词语，辨清相关内容及关系是解答此类题的关键。推理判断解答细节理解题 细节理解题是通过文章提供的
多处已知信息得出结论的题型，解
题时要求综合考虑上下文，通过文
章表面的文字信息推测文章的隐含
意义。解题点拨1.抓住解题的关键词句，理清含义。2.利用表示因果、转折、递进、并列等关系
的连词，准确把握句子间的关系。3.排除文章中已明确表述而不需要推理的事
实，以及与文意明显不符的选项。3.辨清文章结构：全文是分总结构还是总分
结构？所举的例子是正面例证还是反面例
证？4.特别注意一般信息和最终结论之间的区别，
避免以偏概全。Example: (2004年全国I)
The first is called the “tank test”. A modern airplane must fly very
high in the sky.Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passen-
gers can breathe.The metal structure(结构)of the plane has to be very
strong for this reason. When the plane is filled with air,the air presses
against the skin of the plane inside.
By doing the “tank test”,the engineers can find out_____
A.the amount of air in the plane.
B.the strength of the plane structure.
C.the pressure inside and outside the plane.
D.the power of the airplane engines.________ _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________点拨先根据信息词“tank test”找到是在第二段文章中。根据
红色部分可知，通过tank test,工程师可以搞清楚飞机结
构的强度。因此，答案是?B。细节理解解题锦囊 综合考虑上下文，找准信息词，再寻信息句。解答句意理解题 句意理解题是阅读理过程中的
常见题型，它不仅考查读者对句子
表层意思的理解，有时还需要读者
结合上下文和平时的知识积累、生
活常识来判断或推测句子的深层含
义。解题点拨1.表层理解：根据题干，缩小需要理解的相
关句段范围，锁定句子中的关键词，明确
句内的语法关系，从而获得正确答案。2.深层理解：结合语境，抓住表示因果、转
折、递进、并列等关系的连词，分析上下
文之间的逻辑关系，利用各类背景知识，并
且。结合作者的语气等，综合分析后得出正
确答案Example: (2004年全国I)
Never Forgotten
A school in Massachusetts received a $9.5 million check from
Jacques LeBermuth.But it took officials several days of digging to
discover his connection to the school.Records show the LeBermuth
came from Belgium and studied in the school in the 1920s.When his
family fell on hard times,he was offered free room and board.LeBermuth
became a trader,owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings
until he died,at age 89.
Jacques LeBermuth gave the money to the school because______.
A.the school asked for it
B.he had no need for that much money
C.the school had helped him in the past
D.he wanted to be remembered by the students __________________________________________________ ________________ ________
________________________________________________?点拨根据本文的主题句和红线的句子可推断出他把钱捐给学
校的原因是他曾得到过学校的帮助。所以答案是：C细节理解解题锦囊 注重对文章的表层理解和深层理解相结合，语境、上下文的意图都重要。解答概括归纳题 在初步理解词义和句意的基
础上，结合上下文总结归纳某一
段或几段的大意，对全文结构、
明确作者意图、把握文章主旨，
都很重要。解题点拨1.通过审题，正确理解题干，缩小“包围圈”，
锁定相关段落。2.利用词义及句意理解技巧，透彻把握相关
语段中关键词句含义。3.抓住文章中连词(如however,therefore,thus,
though,what’s more等表示递进、承接关系
的词语)、序数词(如First…Second…)等提示
性词法段落间的层次和逻辑关系。4. 整体理解全文，尽快找到文章主题段以及
各段主题句，以印证所做的概括是否支
撑全文。 Historically,American women have always been very independent.The
first settlers to come to New England were of ten young couples who
had left behind their extended family(i.e.their parents,sisters,cousins,etc).
The women were alone in a new,undeveloped country with their hus-
bands.This had two important effects.
First of all,this as yet uncivilized environment demanded that every
person shared in developing it and in survival.Women worked with their
husbands and their children to make themselves accepted in this new
land.Second,because they were in a new land without the established
influence of society,women felt to step into nontraditional roles.
According to the passage,what made the American women what they
are now?
A.The history B.The environment C.Their husband D.Themselves点拨第一段提出该命题，第二段从两个方面进行论证。因此
答案是：B? ——————————————————————————— ———————————— ———— ————概括归纳解题锦囊 透切把握相关句子和语段中关键词语的含义。解答观点态度题 一篇文章不可避免地会反映作
者的观点和情绪，观点态度题要求
读者在复杂的语境条件下探查文章
的隐藏意思和在较高级的措辞中把
握作者的整体思路、态度和写作意
图等，这就要求读者具有较高层次
的阅读能力
解题时更要避免以读者自己的
看法来得出答案。解题点拨1.抓住文章和选项中反映态度、语气的关
键词，特别是其中的形容词与副词，分
清是褒还是贬。2.利用概括归纳与主旨大意的解题技巧，
准确把握文章的中心思想与段落结构。That cold January night,I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco.
There I was ,walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice
at the theater. With opening night only a week away,I was still learning
my lines.I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank
and my acting at night at the same time.As I walked,I thought seriously
about giving up both acting and San Francisco.City life had become too
much for me.
How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work?
A.cold and sick. B.fortunate and hopeful.
C.satisfied and cheerful. D.disappointed and helpless点拨 __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________从所划红线的句子的意思说明作者在步行回家的路上
感到失望和无助。所以答案是D。?观点态度解题锦囊 考虑文中主人翁的态度而不是你自己。
