高考单项选择题命题思路例析
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课件30张PPT。高考单项选择题 命题思路例析一、语境设题1. 利用中西文化差异设题
中西文化不同，英语、汉语两种语言表达方式也存在着很大差异，命题者在备选项中经常会设计貌似正确的“汉语式”的选项，利用母语干扰来设题。—Excuse me, do you have the time?
— ___________.
A. Yes, I do.
B. Of course, I have.
C. A quarter to ten.
D. No problem.C2. 隐藏有效信息设题
近年来常采用对话形式将语言知识置于一定的情景和语境中进行考查，一些题目的有效信息更加隐蔽，如确定时间状语、比较对象等。—Has your father returned from Africa yet?
—Yes, but he ____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.
A. was B. has been
C. will be D. would beA二、利用思维定势设题 命题人常利用考生熟悉的句型结构或者一些固定搭配设题。 Eg1. The country life he was used to ____ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changedB eg2. A poet and artist ____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are
C. was D. wereA三、省略设题省略句常见的有状语从句的省略，简单句中主语、谓语的省略，不定式的省略，虚拟语气中主语的省略等。省略句会干扰我们对句子结构的判断，命题人常利用这一点设题。Eg. We all know that, _____, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt withBEg. ---- I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend.
---- _____ good.
A. Sound B. Sounded
C. Sounding D. SoundsD四、增加冗余信息设题有时本来很简单的句子，命题者通过增加插入语、定语从句、标点符号等增加句子的复杂程度，给同学们的理解带来困难，达到设题目的。Eg. A survey of the opinions of experts ____ that three hours of outdoor exercises a week ____ good for one’s health.
A. show; are B. shows; is
C. show; is D. shows; areB五、变换句式设题命题者往往把陈述句句式变为疑问句、被动句、感叹句、倒装句，造成某种搭配的假象，从而达到设题目的。 eg. You can’t imagine what difficulty
we had ____ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked B. walk
C. to walk D. walkingD六、打破句子的正常结构设题命题者常通过改变句子的正常结构，将句子的一部分前置或后置设题。比如，定语从句或名词性从句一般都放在所修饰的词之后，命题者用其它成分把从句与所修饰的词分隔开设题。 eg1. A story goes ____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
eg2. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. whichDD七、用相似句型设题命题者利用相似句型或结构，增加试题的迷惑性，达到设题目的。 eg1. Pop music is such an important
part of society ____ it has even
influenced our language.
as B. that
C. which D. where Beg2. He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.
A. when B. before
C. since D. thatB八、用一词多义设题eg. ---- My room gets very cold at night.
---- ____.
A. So is mine B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine doesCeg. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ____ and see him.
A. you will come B. will you come
C. you come D. do you comeA九、用复杂题干设题 命题者常把各种简单句变为复合句，
或利用强调句使句子结构复杂化等
手段设题。eg. It ____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.
A. was until; when
B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when
D. wasn’t until; that Deg2. Having checked the doors were closed, and ____ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D. whereB单项填空创新题 解法小结一、增元创新高考英语单项填空题往往在语言的关键处增加插入语、介词、副词、定语从句、名词、代词等内容，使原本浑然一体的语境被人为分开，解题难度明显加大。面对被人为增加的内容，可用消元法将其删除，还语言以本来面目。eg. ---- Is that the small town you often refer to？
---- Right, just the one ___ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
C二、减元创新时间/条件状语从句的主从句主语一致，或从句主语为it，谓语有be时， 常将主语和be省略。In case引导目的状语从句时，在有上下文的情况下，常省略从句内容。解题时，同学们可将被省略的内容补全。eg. When first ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introducedB三、前置创新高考英语单项填空题还常常根据需要将介词、宾语、表语、不定式目的状语等内容前置，从而达到创新目的。解题时可将被前置的内容还原。eg. ____ the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.
A. Improving
B. To improve
C. Having improved
D. improvedB四、后置创新同位语从句连词通常应放在先行词后面，但高考创设语境将其后置，只要将其还原至正常位置，就很容易理解。eg. Danby left word with my secretary _____ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that
C. as D. whichB
中西文化不同，英语、汉语两种语言表达方式也存在着很大差异，命题者在备选项中经常会设计貌似正确的“汉语式”的选项，利用母语干扰来设题。—Excuse me, do you have the time?
— ___________.
A. Yes, I do.
B. Of course, I have.
C. A quarter to ten.
D. No problem.C2. 隐藏有效信息设题
近年来常采用对话形式将语言知识置于一定的情景和语境中进行考查，一些题目的有效信息更加隐蔽，如确定时间状语、比较对象等。—Has your father returned from Africa yet?
—Yes, but he ____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.
A. was B. has been
C. will be D. would beA二、利用思维定势设题 命题人常利用考生熟悉的句型结构或者一些固定搭配设题。 Eg1. The country life he was used to ____ greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changedB eg2. A poet and artist ____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are
C. was D. wereA三、省略设题省略句常见的有状语从句的省略，简单句中主语、谓语的省略，不定式的省略，虚拟语气中主语的省略等。省略句会干扰我们对句子结构的判断，命题人常利用这一点设题。Eg. We all know that, _____, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt withBEg. ---- I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend.
---- _____ good.
A. Sound B. Sounded
C. Sounding D. SoundsD四、增加冗余信息设题有时本来很简单的句子，命题者通过增加插入语、定语从句、标点符号等增加句子的复杂程度，给同学们的理解带来困难，达到设题目的。Eg. A survey of the opinions of experts ____ that three hours of outdoor exercises a week ____ good for one’s health.
A. show; are B. shows; is
C. show; is D. shows; areB五、变换句式设题命题者往往把陈述句句式变为疑问句、被动句、感叹句、倒装句，造成某种搭配的假象，从而达到设题目的。 eg. You can’t imagine what difficulty
we had ____ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked B. walk
C. to walk D. walkingD六、打破句子的正常结构设题命题者常通过改变句子的正常结构，将句子的一部分前置或后置设题。比如，定语从句或名词性从句一般都放在所修饰的词之后，命题者用其它成分把从句与所修饰的词分隔开设题。 eg1. A story goes ____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
eg2. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. whichDD七、用相似句型设题命题者利用相似句型或结构，增加试题的迷惑性，达到设题目的。 eg1. Pop music is such an important
part of society ____ it has even
influenced our language.
as B. that
C. which D. where Beg2. He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.
A. when B. before
C. since D. thatB八、用一词多义设题eg. ---- My room gets very cold at night.
---- ____.
A. So is mine B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine doesCeg. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ____ and see him.
A. you will come B. will you come
C. you come D. do you comeA九、用复杂题干设题 命题者常把各种简单句变为复合句，
或利用强调句使句子结构复杂化等
手段设题。eg. It ____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.
A. was until; when
B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when
D. wasn’t until; that Deg2. Having checked the doors were closed, and ____ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D. whereB单项填空创新题 解法小结一、增元创新高考英语单项填空题往往在语言的关键处增加插入语、介词、副词、定语从句、名词、代词等内容，使原本浑然一体的语境被人为分开，解题难度明显加大。面对被人为增加的内容，可用消元法将其删除，还语言以本来面目。eg. ---- Is that the small town you often refer to？
---- Right, just the one ___ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
C二、减元创新时间/条件状语从句的主从句主语一致，或从句主语为it，谓语有be时， 常将主语和be省略。In case引导目的状语从句时，在有上下文的情况下，常省略从句内容。解题时，同学们可将被省略的内容补全。eg. When first ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introducedB三、前置创新高考英语单项填空题还常常根据需要将介词、宾语、表语、不定式目的状语等内容前置，从而达到创新目的。解题时可将被前置的内容还原。eg. ____ the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.
A. Improving
B. To improve
C. Having improved
D. improvedB四、后置创新同位语从句连词通常应放在先行词后面，但高考创设语境将其后置，只要将其还原至正常位置，就很容易理解。eg. Danby left word with my secretary _____ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that
C. as D. whichB