名词性从句讲解与练习
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名词性从句 第一章
1． 名词性从句的概念
具有名词的句法功能，在句子中充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语的从句。
如：1.What has happened proves that our policy is right.
所发生的情况证明我们的政策是正确的。
2. I have no idea when he will be back.
我不知道他何时回来。
2． 引导名词性从句的连词的分类
1． 连接词：that ，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，没有任何意思。
whether, (if) 只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，意思“是否”
2． 连接代词： what , who, whom, which, whose. Whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever,
Whosever具有代词功能引导名词性从句，又在句中充当一定的句子成分，（即主，宾，
表，定）。 它们的意思与疑问句中疑问词的意思大体相同。
3． 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however, because 具有副词的句法功能。在从句中充当状语。连接副词的意思同疑问句中疑问词的意思大体相同。
3． 引导名词性从句的连接词一揽表
连接 词 连接词 连接词引导的从句 在从句中的意思 在从句中充当的句子成分
that 主从，宾从，表从，同位从 无意义 不做成分，起连接作用
whether 主从，宾从，表从，同位从 是否 不做成分
if 宾从，只引导动词的宾从 是否 不做成分
连接代词 who 主，宾，表，同 谁 主语，宾语
whom 主，宾，表，同 谁 宾语
what 主，宾，表，同 什麽，所。。。的 主，宾，表，定
which 主，宾，表，同 那个，那些 主，宾，表，定
whose 主，宾，表，同 谁的 定
whoever 主，宾 无论谁的 主
whomever 主，宾 无论谁 宾
whatever 主，宾 无论什麽 主，宾，表，定
whichever 主，宾 无论哪个 主，宾，表，定
连接副词 when 主，宾，表，同 什麽时候 状 语
where 主，宾，表，同 什麽地方
why 主，宾，表，同 为什麽
how 主，宾，表，同 怎样
whenever 主，宾，同 无论什麽时候
wherever 主，宾，同 无论什麽地方
however 主，宾，同 无论如何
4． 名词性从句的来源
1． 来源于陈述句，引导词用 “that”
如：1）He came back yesterday.
That he came back yesterday made us very happy.
他昨天回来使得我们很高兴。
2）He didn’t see me when he passed me.
He pretended that he didn’t see me when he passed me.
他从我身边经过时，他假装没看见我。
3）He will come to see us all.
Word came that he would come to see us all.
消息传来了，他要来看我们大家。
2． 来源于一般疑问句，引导词用whether做动词的宾语时可用whether或 if, 语序用陈述语序。
如：1）Is he fit for the job
I wonder if/whether he is fit for ther job.
我想知道他是否适合这份工作。
2）Can we overcome the present difficulties
He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties( or not).
他不知道我们能否克服目前的困难。
3． 来源于特殊疑问句，疑问词做引导词，语序用陈述语序。
如：1）Who will come to give us a lecture
The problem is who will come to give us a lecture.
问题是谁会来给我们做报告。
2）Where has he put the bag
We are interested in where he has put the bag.
我们对他把包放在哪儿感兴趣。
3）How did the prisoner escape
How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.
那个囚犯是怎样逃跑的仍然是个谜。
注意：间或也有感叹句做名词性从句的。
如：How disappointed I was then!
You don’t know how disappointed I was then!
你不知道当时我是多麽失望。
我们可以把不同的句子放在不同的位置就构成不同的名词性从句。
如：将下面句子加入到下面各句中，使其构成带有名词性从句的复合句。
1.Many visitors will visit our school.
1) He told me ______________________________________.
2) The news is _____________________________________.
3) ______________________________ is known to us all.
It is known to all _______________________________.
2.Has Lucy joined the singing group
1). _____________________________ is not known yet.
2). The problem is _________________________________.
3). He asded me ___________________________________.
4). He is not interested in ____________________________.
5). He asked me the question_________________________.
3. What did he say just now
1). I was surprised at __________________________.
2). The question is ____________________________.
3). ____________________________ made us unhappy.
4). I have no idea_______________________________.
4. Which team will win the match
1). ________________________________ is still unkown.
2). I am not sure _______________________________.
3). The thought __________________________ makes him worried.
五．Exercises:
（一）用 that , what, how, why, which, who, whose, whoever, whatever, whether, where,
Whichever, as if, because填空。
1． Do you remember_______ he came here
Yes, he came by car.
2. _______he will come or not is still unkown.
3. _______ the news is true remains a question.
4. _______ breaks the law should be punished.
5. We expressed the hope ________ we had not expressed before.
6. The question ________ should do the work requires consideration.
7. We discussed ________ we should make a change in our plan.
8. ________ he said is right.
9. ________ he will go to the U.S is true.
10. The reason ________ he was late was _______ his mother was ill.
11. Do you know ________ bag this is
12. _______ measures we take must meet the needs of the people.
13. All the pens are here. You may borrow _______ you like.
14. It looks _______ it is going to clean up soon.
15. _______ the Smiths will come or not is ________ she is worried about.
16. _______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth prasing.
17. _______ I can’t understand is _______ he wants to give up such a good opportunity.
18. He was ill in bed. That’s _______ he didn’t attend the lecture.
19. China is no longer _______ she used to be.
20. Your book is still ________you put it. Go and get it.
21. He didn’t come to the party. That’s _______ he had many things to do.
22. I’m not sure _______ the weather will remain so fine next week.
23. _______ will take the place of Mr Zhang is unknown.
24. _______ road we should take is not decided.
25. _______ students will leave school next year is clear.
（二）用名词性从句完成下列句子。
1．_______________________ (他所说的话) is true.
2. This is _________________________ (他如何做这事的)。
3．My friend asked me __________________ (我昨天去哪了)。
4．________________________ (他们将何时见面) is not known yet.
5. She made a promise ____________________ (她会来帮助我们)。
6．We wondered____________________ (谁泄露了这个秘密)。
7．The town is no longer _________________ (七年前的样子)
8．______________________ (他们获得了比赛) made us very happy.
9. ____________________ (他为什麽迟到) is _______________(他送他母亲去车站了)。
10．___________________ (明天我们是否上学) is not known yet.
11．He didn’t know the news ________________ (他母亲回来了)。
12. ________________________(谁的孩子上了大学) is clear.
13. The problem is ________________ (他如何通过考试的)。
14．He didn’t buy the computer. That’s ____________________(他没有足够的钱)。
15．_______________________(无论谁来) is welcome.
第二章 各名词性从句分述
一．宾语从句
（一）放在及物动词，介词或某些形容词（afraid, glad, happy, sorry, sure）之后的从句。
如：1） I discovered that their hotel was only 50 feet from the station.
我发现他们的旅馆离车站只有50英尺。
2）Pay attention to what Mr Green is saying.
注意Mr Green 在说什麽。
3) I’m glad that you are getting on well with your studies.
我很高兴你学习顺利。
（二）在宾语从句后有补语时，一般要用it 作形式宾语，而将that 引导的宾语从句放在补语之后，以求句子上的平衡。其结构为：
主+及物动词（find/make/think/consider/feel/believe）+it+补语（形容词/名词）+宾语从句
如：1. We all consider it clear that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.
我们都认为孩子在长身体时多喝牛奶是很重要的。
2. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯。
3. We all thought it a pity that he had not gone to the concert.
我们都认为他没去听音乐会真是太遗憾了。
（三）宾语从句中应注意的几个问题：
1．语序问题：宾语从句的语序必须用陈述语序
例：Do you remember when we met for the first time
但 What’s the matter with you 做宾语从句其语序不变，因为连接词 what 本身做主语。
例：Do you know what is the matter with him
2. 时态问题
a）主句时态为一般现在时（包括现在完成时），从句可以用符合句意要求的任何时态。
例：1）We all know (that) he was born in 1980.
2) We have known that he will visit your school next week.
b) 主句时态用一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某种形式，即：过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。
例：1）He said (that) he bought a new dictionary last week.
2) The teacher asked Tim whether (if) he had finished his homework.
但：如果从句表达的是自然现象，真理，客观事实，名言，警句，格言，谚语，尽管主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。
例 He knows that time is lifte.
他知道时间就是生命。
2． 否定转移问题：that引导的宾语从句，如主句谓语动词是I think, guess, believe, suppose, expect等时，若从句时否定形式，只能否定主句，不能否定从句。
例：He won’t come tonight. I think.
I don’t think that he will come tonight.
我认为他今晚不会来。
注意：1。否定转移现象只限主语为第一人称。
3． 含宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句，如果主句的主语为第一人称，反意部分由从句的人称，时态决定。如果主句的主语是其他人称，则由主句决定。
例：1）I don’t think he is right, is he
2) He thinks English is very interesting, doesn’t he
3) He asked if I would go abroad , didn’t he
但：如果从句中的否定副词不是not, 而是never, hardly, seldom, little 时，则不遵守否定转移这一规则。
例：I think he will never succeed.
我认为他永远不能取得成功。
4． 双重疑问句
1） 一般疑问句型双重问句：
eg, Could you tell me where they live
2) 特别疑问句型双重问句：
其结构为：疑问句who/when/what/why/how/where.. + do you + suggest/consider/think/feel/believe/suppose/hope/guess/imagine/say + 宾语从句的其他部分
这种双重问句常用来证询对某一问题的看法，认识，推测，判断，希望等。我们常把do you think 看作插入成分，但从句应用陈述语序。
例：Which team ( do you think ) will win the game
你认为哪个队将会赢得比赛？
Who do you suggest be sent to work there
你建议派谁去那儿工作？
Why do you guess he is upset
你猜他为什麽难过？
5． if, whether引导宾语从句
1） 用来引导动词的宾语从句时，可通用。
例：I doubt whether/if they will come to help us. 我怀疑。。。
I’m not sure whether/if I’ll have time to go with you. 我很难说。。。
2） 在介词后做介宾时只能用whether 引导
例：I’m not interested in whether you’ll come or not.
你来不来我不感兴趣。
3) Whether 与 or not 连成一个词组时，不可换成if
例：I don’t know whether or not they will come for our help.
4) 在及物动词discuss 后的宾语从句，常用 whether引导
例：We discuss whether we should make a change in our plan.
我们讨论是不是要对我们的计划做一些修改。
5）if 可以引导一个否定的宾语从句，而whether 则不可以。
例：Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.
请告诉我天是否会下雨。
6． 宾语从句中的虚拟：
下列动词带宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原形。它们是：1个坚持：insist; 2个命令：order, command; 3个建议：suggest, propose, advise; 4个要求：ask, demand, request, require.
例：He proposed that the road should be rebuilt.
他建议道路要重建。
I order that everyone be present at the meeting.
我命令人人都参加会议。
二．表语从句
1.放在系动词be, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, remain, 等后。引导词除了用that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why 外，还可用because, as if / as though.
例： Our school is no longer what it was ten years ago.
我们学校不在是它十年前的样子。
2. 1) He didn’t come yesterday. That was because he was ill.
他昨天没来，那是因为他病了。
2) He was ill. That was why he didn’t come yesterday.
他病了。那是他为甚麽昨天没来的原因。
注意：主因从果用why， 主果从因用because.
3．It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来天要下雨。
It sounds as if you are from the South of the States.
听起来你好像来自南方。
4． 因之句式：如果主语是以下名词；the reason, the result, the truth, the fact 等，引导表语从句的连接词用 that 如：
The reason/ the result / the truth/ the fact is/ was that she failed to passs the exam/they became fat/he pretended to be deaf.
以及以 引导的主语从句或 引导的主语从句表达原因时，其后的表语从句也必须用 引导。
如：Why he didn’t come was that he sent his mother to hospital.
他没来的原因是他送他母亲去医院。
What caused the accident was that the driver was too careless.
引起这次事故的原因是司机太粗心。
5． 表语从句中的虚拟语气：
如果主句的主语是下列名词：idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement 等时，表语从句中谓语用should + 动词原形
6． that与what 在表语从句中的区别：
1） that无任何意义，在句中也不充当任何成分, 如果从句中有主，宾，表时，用that
2） what的意思是：“什麽”或“所。。。的事”，而且在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语。如从句中缺主语，宾语或表语时则用what.
eg, The truth is that I didn’t go there.
事实是我没去过那儿。
The question was what made her do it.
问题是什麽使得她做那件事情。
This is what he is looking for.
这就是他正在寻找的东西。
Our school is what it was years ago.
我们学校还是几年前的样子。
7． 引导表语从句，表达是否的意思的引导词只能用“whether”, 不能用“if”。
例：The question is whether she can tell us the truth.
问题是她是否告诉我们实情。
8． where 引导表语从句，意思是“。。。的地方”
例：Go and get your coat. It’s where your left it.
去拿你的衣服，就在你放它的地方。
宾语从句和表语从句专练：
1. Is the news______ President will pay an official visit to China true
A. which B. / C. of which D. that
2. Excuse me, would you please tell me______
A. when was the sports meet going to be held
B. when is the sports meet will be taken place
C. when is the sports meet is to take place
D. when the sports meet is to take place
3. Computers can only give out ______ has been stored in them.
A. that B. which C. what D. anything
4. Tom wouldn’t tell me______ his new bike.
A. how much did he pay B. how much he paid for
C. he paid how much for D. did he pay how much
5. This simple experiment shows _______ air has some strength.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
6. When the computer didn’t work, I didn’t know ______.
A. what’s wrong B. what the matter was
C. what was the matter D. what’s the trouble
7. The trouble is______ we are short of money.
A. what B. how C. that D. why
8. That is _______ he came here late.
A. what B. when C. however D. why
9. I never fail to help ______ is in need of help.
A. whom B. who C. whoever D. whomever
10. The question he asked was______ the electrial equipment should be stored.
A. what B. which C. where D. because
11. The young man always thinks_______ he can do more for the people.
A. how B. of that C. why D. of how
12. Mr Li is to give us a talk on ______ he saw and heard in London.
A. what B. all what C. that D. which
13. Go and get your bag. It’s ______ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
14. Jack is no longer ______ over thirty years ago.
A. what was he B. what he was
C. the man what was D. like what was he
15. I remember ______ this used to be a quite town.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
16. I didn’t know which town _______.
A. the manager lived B. the manager lived in
C. did he manager live D. did the manager live in
17. These photographs will show you ________.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
18. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.
A. which B. that C. if D. for
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
答案：
三 主语从句
引导词引导的从句在句中做主语。
常用的连接词有：that, whether
连接代词：who, whom, whoever, whomever, whose, whosever, what, whatever, which, whichever.
连接副词：where, why, how, wherever, however
1. that 引导主语从句，只起连接作用，在从句中不做任何成分，也不能省略。多数情况下用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句尾，保持句子平衡。
例：That in some countries women are still treated unequally is unfair.
= It is unfair that in some countries women are still treated unequally.
在一些国家妇女们仍然受到不平等的对待是不公平的对待。
2． 引导主语从句：“是否”
a) 引导主语从句位于句首，只能用whether
b) 当主语从句由形式主语代替时，可用whether或if
如：1）Whether the news is true remains a question.
→It remains a question whether/if the news is true.
消息是否真实仍然是个问题。
2) Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.
这项工作是否能按时完成是值得怀疑的。
3． Wh-等的连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句可位于句首，也可位于句末。但需要用形式主语 it 替代.
例：1）Who will be in charge of the project hasn’t been decided yet.
→It hasn’t been decided yet who will be in charge of the project.
谁来负责这项工程还没决定。
2) Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
→It doesn’t matter too much whether he’s coming or not.
他是否来无关紧要。
3) It is hard to say which football team will win the match.
哪个足球队能赢还很难说。
4) It is not yet fixed when the parent-teacher meeting will be held.
什麽时候开家长会还没确定。
注：what引导主语从句，一般不用形式主语it 替代，但如果句子是一般疑问句时只能用形式主语it.
例：When the plane is to take off has been announced.
→It has been announced when the plane is to take off.
→Has it been announced when the plane is to take off
飞机什么时候起飞已经宣布了。
What we should do next remains unkown.
→Does it remain unknown what we should do next
我们下一步该怎么办仍然不知道。
4. 习惯上用it 做形式主语的因之句型有以下几种：
a) It is a pity/ shame / fact / wonder / an honor / no wonder that …
例：It is a pity you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
真遗憾，你昨天没听演讲。
It is a wonder that he should pass the driving test.
真奇怪，他竟然通过了驾驶考试。
b) It seems / appears / happens / matters that…
例：It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
他打电话时我碰巧不在。
It seems to me that you object to the plan.
在我看来，你反对这个计划。
c) It is said / believed / thought / expected / supposed / reported / announced / hoped / well known / has been decided 据说/大家相信/大家认为/据推测/据报道/据宣布/希望/众所周知/已经决定
d) It + be + adj + that…
例：It is likely that there will be a snow storm tomorrow.
很有可能明天要有暴风雪。
It is clear that he was lying.
很明显他在撒谎。
e) 主语从句中的虚拟：
It is + necessary/ important / strange / natural + that + 主+（should）+ 动词原形
例：It is necessary that we should learn English well.
我们有必要学好英语。
It is natural that we should work all by ourselves.
f) It is suggested / advised / ordered / requested / required / proposed / desired + that + 主 + (should) + 动词原形
例：It is requested that Professor Li (should) give us a speech.
要求李教授给我们做报告。
It is decided that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
希望我们在今晚之前把一切准备好。
主语从句专练：
1.______ proves that my advice is right.
A. It will happen that B. That has happened
C. What has happened D. When it happens
2. _____ he passed the exam was of little importance.
A. If B. Whether C. No matter whether D. /
3. It is suggested that the students______ sing a song.
A. must B. should C. ought to D. could
4. _____ is worth doing well.
A. Whatever is worth doing at all
B. That is worth doing it at all
C. Whatever is worth doing it at all
D. What is worth doing it at all
5. Which of the following is correct________
A. How and why he came here was a story of struggle and success
B. How and why to go there is not still unknown
C. When and where we shall have the meeting are still a problem
D. When and where to hold the meeting have been discussed
6.______ he is going home is true.
A. What B. Where C. That D./
7. ______ he said is true.
A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether
8. _____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. That B. What C. Which D. This
9. ______ to be discussed first doesn’t matter very much.
A. Which of the questions is
B. All of the questions are
C. Which of the questions are
D. That of the questions are
10. ______ Professor Wang will come to our school and give us a report is true.
A. Who B. That C. Which D. /
11.Is _______ he told you right
A. that B. what C. which D. when
12. ______ they will meet with at eight tomorrow morning isn’t clear.
A. When B. If C. Who D. What
13. It is well known ______ is why he has given up smoking.
A. that B. which C. that which D. that that
14. ______ we lost seems more valuable than ______ we have.
A. What; what B. That; that
C. What; that D. That; what
15. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
16. _______ is the last one to leave the room must turn off the lights.
A. Who B. It C. Whose D. Whoever
17. _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
答案：1-5 CBBAA 6-10 CABAB 11-15 BCDAB 16-17 DB
四．同位语从句
（一）同位语从句的定义
用于某些抽象名词后，说明这些名词的具体内容的从句：
引导词有连接词：that, whether
连接代词：what
连接副词：how, when, where, why
Eg, I have no idea that you were here.
我不知道你在这儿。
I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
You have no idea how worried I was.
你不知道我是多么着急。
（二）定语从句和同位语从句的结构相似，在使用时容易混淆，他们的区别是：
1. 引导词不同：
引导定语从句的关系词有：which, that, who, whom, whose, as, when, where, why.
引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, what, when, where, why, how.
注意： what(什么)，whether(是否)， how(怎样) 不能引导定语从句。
a) that引导同位语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，一般不能省。
that 引导定语从句，指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当主，宾，表。that 作主语不能省，作宾语可省略。
eg, 1. The news that she passed the computer skill test was a great surprise. 同位语从句
她通过了计算机技能测试的消息令人惊奇。
分析: She passed the computer skill test 主，谓，宾句子结构完整
2. The news that he told me is true.
他告诉我的消息是真的。
分析：He told me (the news). 句子结构不完整，缺宾语。
3. He told me the news that made me excited.
他告诉我的消息使我兴奋。
分析：(The news) made me excited . 句子意思不完整，缺主语。
4. The proposal that he should be chosen is workable.
他应该当选的那条建议是可行的。
5. The proposal (that) he put forward at the meeting is workable.
他在会议上提出的建议是可行的。
分析：He put forward (the proposal) at the meeting. 缺宾语，定语从句
6. Father made a promise that he would buy me a bike if I passed the exam. 同位语从句
爸爸答应如果我通过考试他就给我买辆自行车。
7. Father kept the promise (that) he made two years ago.
爸爸遵守了他两年前许下的诺言。
分析：He made ( the promise). 缺宾语，定语从句
注意：同位语从句有时可以不紧跟它的先行词后面，而被别的词隔开，目的在于使句子保持平衡。
eg, 1. An idea came to her that she might had left her wallent in the restaurant.
她突然想起可能把钱包丢在饭店了。
2. The story goes that the lost child has gone abroad.
那个丢失的孩子出国了成了广为流传的故事。
b) where, when, why 引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
由when, where, why 引导的定语从句，先行词分别为表示时间，地点，原因的词，并且可用介词+which 替换
由when, where, why 引导的同位语从句，先行词一般是表示疑问的什么时候，在哪儿，为什么，
名词，这些名词为：question, problem, puzzle, doubt, no idea, suspense(悬念)，不可用介词+which 替换
比较：I still remember the days when we worked together. (定从)
我仍然记得我们一起工作的日子。
I have no idea when she left. (同位语从句)
我不知道她什么时候走的。
The village where/ in which we lived isn’t far away from my school. (定从)
我们住的那个村子离我们学校不远。
The question where we shall have a meeting will be decided at once.
我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题马上会定下来。（同位语从句）
The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. （同位语从句）
他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。
The reason why he was chosen is unknown. （同位语从句）
他为什么会被选上的原因还不清楚。
c) what, whether 引导同位语从句
eg, The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.
会议上提出了我们是否能够得到足够的钱进行实验研究问题。
3. 先行词不同
同位语从句的先行词一般是抽象名词，如: news, fact, idea, promise, suggestion, proposal, plan, belief, possibility, information, thought, truth, feeling, order, hope, wish, 而定语从句的先行词范围较广，并不限制于这些名词，还可以是其它名词或代词：
eg, 1. We are going to discuss her suggestion that the meeting be put off. （同位语从句）
2. The book that you bought yesterday is worth reading. （定语从句）
3. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. （定语从句）
4. Those who want to go to the cinema please sign your names here. （定语从句）
想去看电影的人请在这里签名。
4. 定语从句的先行词可用复数形式，但同位语从句的先行词一般无复数形式。
eg, His mother was worried about the possility that her daughter disliked to go to school.
她母亲担心她女儿不喜欢上学的可能性。
The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.
她被提供的那些可能性似乎很好。
二 whatever 引导的名词性从句，让步状语从句与 no matter + 疑问词引导的让步状语从句：
whatever 引导主，宾，表从句= anyone who / anything that
whatever 引导让步状语从句 = no matter what 引导让步状语从句
eg, 1.Whatever/ no matter what you say to her, she still keeps smiling.
2. It is generally consider unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
1. whoever telephones, tell him I’m out.
2. Whoever told you that was lying.
1. However rich people are, they always want more.
2. However late he is. Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
1. Whatever problems you have, you can always come to me for help.
同位语从句与定语从句专练：
I. 在括号中注明下列句子属于同位语从句还是定语从句：
1. The idea that came to him seemed brillant. ( )
2. The news that we won the championship soon spread all over the university. ( )
3. The order that the soldiers had received came from the headquarters. ( )
4. The delegation expressed the hope that we would meet again in their country. ( )
5. The monitor put forward the suggestion that we should have a basketball match with Class Five. ( )
6. The proposal that this wall should be pulled down is ridiculous. ( )
7. The news that we have just heard is very exciting. ( )
8. The fact that he is guilty is plain to everybody. ( )
9. The idea that you had was wrong. ( )
10. The report that he had resigned proved to be incorrect. ( )
II. 选择填空
1. I have no idea _____ far the airport is from here.
A. what B. how C. it’s D. that
2. He can’t answer the question _____ he got the money.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
3. Yang Weiwei told me the _____ that our team had won.
A. book B. message C. time D. place
4. The theory ______ nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it is accepted by the majority of people.
5. Can you produce any evidence _____ I had done it
A. which B. that C. what D. if
6. The _____ that he wants to work in Beijing is not still solved.
A. message B. fact C. news D. question
7. He didn’t give the answer ______ he was late.
A. that B. where C. why D. when
8. We have no information ______ he was alive.
A. when B. that C. whether D. if
9. They accepted the suggestion ______ Tom made.
A. what B. when C. how D. /
10. They accepted the suggestion ______ they (should) see their teacher.
A. why B. that C. whether D. /
答案：
I.1. 定语从句 2. 同位语从句 3. 定语从句 4. 同位语从句 5. 同位语从句
6. 同位语从句 7. 定语从句 8. 同位语从句 9. 定语从句 10. 定语从句
II. 1-5. BDBAB 6-10 DCCDB
名词性从句精练：
1. Word has come ______ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. that C. whether D. when
2. It makes no difference ______ our sports meeting will be held this week or next week.
A. that B. what C. whether D. when
3. ______ the old man’s sons wanted to know was ______ gold had been hidden.
A. That; what B. What; where
C. What; that D. What; if
4. The reason why the traffic was stopped was ______ the bridge was broken.
A. because B. why C. how D. that
5. It matters little ______ a man dies, but _____ matters much is ______ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why D. that; what; that
6. It hasn’t been decided _______ the talk on middle school education will be given.
A. when and whether B. where and whom
C. when and where D. where and if
7. ______ gave it to you is more important than ______ was given to you.
A. Who; what B. Who; who
C. Whoever; whoever D. What; who
8. The doctors did ______ to operate on the seriously wounded captain.
A. how they could B. what they would
C. what could they D. all what they could do
9. We don’t doubt ______ he can do a good job of it.
A. whether B. that C. what D. why
10. ______ is troubling me is ______ I don’t know ______ is to be done with the new machine.
A. What; what; that B. What; that; how
C. What; that; what D. What; because; which
11. ______ theory must be closely connected with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
A. Why B. Whether C. What D. That
12. ______ you can succeed in the end will mainly depend on_____ you do and _____ you do it.
A. If; what; why B. Whether; what; how
C. Whether; how; why D. That; whether; how
13. They have decided to go on a trip to the Great Wall, but _____ they are to do so hasn’t been made clear yet.
A. when B. what C. where D. whether
14. Bob was never sure of _____ verbs of those were regular.
A. what B. that C. if D. which
15. The emperor wanted to get _____ he thought was most fit for his office to see _____ the weavers were getting along with the splendid cloth.
A. who; whether B. whoever; how
C. whomever; how D. whom; if
16. The parents think ______ a pity ______ their daughter didn’t pass the examination.
A. it; what B. that; that C. this; that D. it; that
17. I have no idea ______ they have kept in touch with me by writing letters since last year.
A. that B. how long C. why D. when
18. Things were not ______they seemed to be.
A. as B. because C. that D. where
19. I’ll eat _______ you give me.
A. that B. no matter what C. whatever D. no matter which
20. The books were written by Mark Twain and Shakespeare. Please advise me ______ books I should read first.
A. what B. which of C. whose D. these
答案：
1-5 BCBDA 6-10 CABBC 11-15 DBADB 16-20 DCACC
PAGE
15
1． 名词性从句的概念
具有名词的句法功能，在句子中充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语的从句。
如：1.What has happened proves that our policy is right.
所发生的情况证明我们的政策是正确的。
2. I have no idea when he will be back.
我不知道他何时回来。
2． 引导名词性从句的连词的分类
1． 连接词：that ，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，没有任何意思。
whether, (if) 只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，意思“是否”
2． 连接代词： what , who, whom, which, whose. Whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever,
Whosever具有代词功能引导名词性从句，又在句中充当一定的句子成分，（即主，宾，
表，定）。 它们的意思与疑问句中疑问词的意思大体相同。
3． 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however, because 具有副词的句法功能。在从句中充当状语。连接副词的意思同疑问句中疑问词的意思大体相同。
3． 引导名词性从句的连接词一揽表
连接 词 连接词 连接词引导的从句 在从句中的意思 在从句中充当的句子成分
that 主从，宾从，表从，同位从 无意义 不做成分，起连接作用
whether 主从，宾从，表从，同位从 是否 不做成分
if 宾从，只引导动词的宾从 是否 不做成分
连接代词 who 主，宾，表，同 谁 主语，宾语
whom 主，宾，表，同 谁 宾语
what 主，宾，表，同 什麽，所。。。的 主，宾，表，定
which 主，宾，表，同 那个，那些 主，宾，表，定
whose 主，宾，表，同 谁的 定
whoever 主，宾 无论谁的 主
whomever 主，宾 无论谁 宾
whatever 主，宾 无论什麽 主，宾，表，定
whichever 主，宾 无论哪个 主，宾，表，定
连接副词 when 主，宾，表，同 什麽时候 状 语
where 主，宾，表，同 什麽地方
why 主，宾，表，同 为什麽
how 主，宾，表，同 怎样
whenever 主，宾，同 无论什麽时候
wherever 主，宾，同 无论什麽地方
however 主，宾，同 无论如何
4． 名词性从句的来源
1． 来源于陈述句，引导词用 “that”
如：1）He came back yesterday.
That he came back yesterday made us very happy.
他昨天回来使得我们很高兴。
2）He didn’t see me when he passed me.
He pretended that he didn’t see me when he passed me.
他从我身边经过时，他假装没看见我。
3）He will come to see us all.
Word came that he would come to see us all.
消息传来了，他要来看我们大家。
2． 来源于一般疑问句，引导词用whether做动词的宾语时可用whether或 if, 语序用陈述语序。
如：1）Is he fit for the job
I wonder if/whether he is fit for ther job.
我想知道他是否适合这份工作。
2）Can we overcome the present difficulties
He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties( or not).
他不知道我们能否克服目前的困难。
3． 来源于特殊疑问句，疑问词做引导词，语序用陈述语序。
如：1）Who will come to give us a lecture
The problem is who will come to give us a lecture.
问题是谁会来给我们做报告。
2）Where has he put the bag
We are interested in where he has put the bag.
我们对他把包放在哪儿感兴趣。
3）How did the prisoner escape
How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.
那个囚犯是怎样逃跑的仍然是个谜。
注意：间或也有感叹句做名词性从句的。
如：How disappointed I was then!
You don’t know how disappointed I was then!
你不知道当时我是多麽失望。
我们可以把不同的句子放在不同的位置就构成不同的名词性从句。
如：将下面句子加入到下面各句中，使其构成带有名词性从句的复合句。
1.Many visitors will visit our school.
1) He told me ______________________________________.
2) The news is _____________________________________.
3) ______________________________ is known to us all.
It is known to all _______________________________.
2.Has Lucy joined the singing group
1). _____________________________ is not known yet.
2). The problem is _________________________________.
3). He asded me ___________________________________.
4). He is not interested in ____________________________.
5). He asked me the question_________________________.
3. What did he say just now
1). I was surprised at __________________________.
2). The question is ____________________________.
3). ____________________________ made us unhappy.
4). I have no idea_______________________________.
4. Which team will win the match
1). ________________________________ is still unkown.
2). I am not sure _______________________________.
3). The thought __________________________ makes him worried.
五．Exercises:
（一）用 that , what, how, why, which, who, whose, whoever, whatever, whether, where,
Whichever, as if, because填空。
1． Do you remember_______ he came here
Yes, he came by car.
2. _______he will come or not is still unkown.
3. _______ the news is true remains a question.
4. _______ breaks the law should be punished.
5. We expressed the hope ________ we had not expressed before.
6. The question ________ should do the work requires consideration.
7. We discussed ________ we should make a change in our plan.
8. ________ he said is right.
9. ________ he will go to the U.S is true.
10. The reason ________ he was late was _______ his mother was ill.
11. Do you know ________ bag this is
12. _______ measures we take must meet the needs of the people.
13. All the pens are here. You may borrow _______ you like.
14. It looks _______ it is going to clean up soon.
15. _______ the Smiths will come or not is ________ she is worried about.
16. _______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth prasing.
17. _______ I can’t understand is _______ he wants to give up such a good opportunity.
18. He was ill in bed. That’s _______ he didn’t attend the lecture.
19. China is no longer _______ she used to be.
20. Your book is still ________you put it. Go and get it.
21. He didn’t come to the party. That’s _______ he had many things to do.
22. I’m not sure _______ the weather will remain so fine next week.
23. _______ will take the place of Mr Zhang is unknown.
24. _______ road we should take is not decided.
25. _______ students will leave school next year is clear.
（二）用名词性从句完成下列句子。
1．_______________________ (他所说的话) is true.
2. This is _________________________ (他如何做这事的)。
3．My friend asked me __________________ (我昨天去哪了)。
4．________________________ (他们将何时见面) is not known yet.
5. She made a promise ____________________ (她会来帮助我们)。
6．We wondered____________________ (谁泄露了这个秘密)。
7．The town is no longer _________________ (七年前的样子)
8．______________________ (他们获得了比赛) made us very happy.
9. ____________________ (他为什麽迟到) is _______________(他送他母亲去车站了)。
10．___________________ (明天我们是否上学) is not known yet.
11．He didn’t know the news ________________ (他母亲回来了)。
12. ________________________(谁的孩子上了大学) is clear.
13. The problem is ________________ (他如何通过考试的)。
14．He didn’t buy the computer. That’s ____________________(他没有足够的钱)。
15．_______________________(无论谁来) is welcome.
第二章 各名词性从句分述
一．宾语从句
（一）放在及物动词，介词或某些形容词（afraid, glad, happy, sorry, sure）之后的从句。
如：1） I discovered that their hotel was only 50 feet from the station.
我发现他们的旅馆离车站只有50英尺。
2）Pay attention to what Mr Green is saying.
注意Mr Green 在说什麽。
3) I’m glad that you are getting on well with your studies.
我很高兴你学习顺利。
（二）在宾语从句后有补语时，一般要用it 作形式宾语，而将that 引导的宾语从句放在补语之后，以求句子上的平衡。其结构为：
主+及物动词（find/make/think/consider/feel/believe）+it+补语（形容词/名词）+宾语从句
如：1. We all consider it clear that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.
我们都认为孩子在长身体时多喝牛奶是很重要的。
2. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯。
3. We all thought it a pity that he had not gone to the concert.
我们都认为他没去听音乐会真是太遗憾了。
（三）宾语从句中应注意的几个问题：
1．语序问题：宾语从句的语序必须用陈述语序
例：Do you remember when we met for the first time
但 What’s the matter with you 做宾语从句其语序不变，因为连接词 what 本身做主语。
例：Do you know what is the matter with him
2. 时态问题
a）主句时态为一般现在时（包括现在完成时），从句可以用符合句意要求的任何时态。
例：1）We all know (that) he was born in 1980.
2) We have known that he will visit your school next week.
b) 主句时态用一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某种形式，即：过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。
例：1）He said (that) he bought a new dictionary last week.
2) The teacher asked Tim whether (if) he had finished his homework.
但：如果从句表达的是自然现象，真理，客观事实，名言，警句，格言，谚语，尽管主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。
例 He knows that time is lifte.
他知道时间就是生命。
2． 否定转移问题：that引导的宾语从句，如主句谓语动词是I think, guess, believe, suppose, expect等时，若从句时否定形式，只能否定主句，不能否定从句。
例：He won’t come tonight. I think.
I don’t think that he will come tonight.
我认为他今晚不会来。
注意：1。否定转移现象只限主语为第一人称。
3． 含宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句，如果主句的主语为第一人称，反意部分由从句的人称，时态决定。如果主句的主语是其他人称，则由主句决定。
例：1）I don’t think he is right, is he
2) He thinks English is very interesting, doesn’t he
3) He asked if I would go abroad , didn’t he
但：如果从句中的否定副词不是not, 而是never, hardly, seldom, little 时，则不遵守否定转移这一规则。
例：I think he will never succeed.
我认为他永远不能取得成功。
4． 双重疑问句
1） 一般疑问句型双重问句：
eg, Could you tell me where they live
2) 特别疑问句型双重问句：
其结构为：疑问句who/when/what/why/how/where.. + do you + suggest/consider/think/feel/believe/suppose/hope/guess/imagine/say + 宾语从句的其他部分
这种双重问句常用来证询对某一问题的看法，认识，推测，判断，希望等。我们常把do you think 看作插入成分，但从句应用陈述语序。
例：Which team ( do you think ) will win the game
你认为哪个队将会赢得比赛？
Who do you suggest be sent to work there
你建议派谁去那儿工作？
Why do you guess he is upset
你猜他为什麽难过？
5． if, whether引导宾语从句
1） 用来引导动词的宾语从句时，可通用。
例：I doubt whether/if they will come to help us. 我怀疑。。。
I’m not sure whether/if I’ll have time to go with you. 我很难说。。。
2） 在介词后做介宾时只能用whether 引导
例：I’m not interested in whether you’ll come or not.
你来不来我不感兴趣。
3) Whether 与 or not 连成一个词组时，不可换成if
例：I don’t know whether or not they will come for our help.
4) 在及物动词discuss 后的宾语从句，常用 whether引导
例：We discuss whether we should make a change in our plan.
我们讨论是不是要对我们的计划做一些修改。
5）if 可以引导一个否定的宾语从句，而whether 则不可以。
例：Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.
请告诉我天是否会下雨。
6． 宾语从句中的虚拟：
下列动词带宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原形。它们是：1个坚持：insist; 2个命令：order, command; 3个建议：suggest, propose, advise; 4个要求：ask, demand, request, require.
例：He proposed that the road should be rebuilt.
他建议道路要重建。
I order that everyone be present at the meeting.
我命令人人都参加会议。
二．表语从句
1.放在系动词be, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, remain, 等后。引导词除了用that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why 外，还可用because, as if / as though.
例： Our school is no longer what it was ten years ago.
我们学校不在是它十年前的样子。
2. 1) He didn’t come yesterday. That was because he was ill.
他昨天没来，那是因为他病了。
2) He was ill. That was why he didn’t come yesterday.
他病了。那是他为甚麽昨天没来的原因。
注意：主因从果用why， 主果从因用because.
3．It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来天要下雨。
It sounds as if you are from the South of the States.
听起来你好像来自南方。
4． 因之句式：如果主语是以下名词；the reason, the result, the truth, the fact 等，引导表语从句的连接词用 that 如：
The reason/ the result / the truth/ the fact is/ was that she failed to passs the exam/they became fat/he pretended to be deaf.
以及以 引导的主语从句或 引导的主语从句表达原因时，其后的表语从句也必须用 引导。
如：Why he didn’t come was that he sent his mother to hospital.
他没来的原因是他送他母亲去医院。
What caused the accident was that the driver was too careless.
引起这次事故的原因是司机太粗心。
5． 表语从句中的虚拟语气：
如果主句的主语是下列名词：idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement 等时，表语从句中谓语用should + 动词原形
6． that与what 在表语从句中的区别：
1） that无任何意义，在句中也不充当任何成分, 如果从句中有主，宾，表时，用that
2） what的意思是：“什麽”或“所。。。的事”，而且在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语。如从句中缺主语，宾语或表语时则用what.
eg, The truth is that I didn’t go there.
事实是我没去过那儿。
The question was what made her do it.
问题是什麽使得她做那件事情。
This is what he is looking for.
这就是他正在寻找的东西。
Our school is what it was years ago.
我们学校还是几年前的样子。
7． 引导表语从句，表达是否的意思的引导词只能用“whether”, 不能用“if”。
例：The question is whether she can tell us the truth.
问题是她是否告诉我们实情。
8． where 引导表语从句，意思是“。。。的地方”
例：Go and get your coat. It’s where your left it.
去拿你的衣服，就在你放它的地方。
宾语从句和表语从句专练：
1. Is the news______ President will pay an official visit to China true
A. which B. / C. of which D. that
2. Excuse me, would you please tell me______
A. when was the sports meet going to be held
B. when is the sports meet will be taken place
C. when is the sports meet is to take place
D. when the sports meet is to take place
3. Computers can only give out ______ has been stored in them.
A. that B. which C. what D. anything
4. Tom wouldn’t tell me______ his new bike.
A. how much did he pay B. how much he paid for
C. he paid how much for D. did he pay how much
5. This simple experiment shows _______ air has some strength.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
6. When the computer didn’t work, I didn’t know ______.
A. what’s wrong B. what the matter was
C. what was the matter D. what’s the trouble
7. The trouble is______ we are short of money.
A. what B. how C. that D. why
8. That is _______ he came here late.
A. what B. when C. however D. why
9. I never fail to help ______ is in need of help.
A. whom B. who C. whoever D. whomever
10. The question he asked was______ the electrial equipment should be stored.
A. what B. which C. where D. because
11. The young man always thinks_______ he can do more for the people.
A. how B. of that C. why D. of how
12. Mr Li is to give us a talk on ______ he saw and heard in London.
A. what B. all what C. that D. which
13. Go and get your bag. It’s ______ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
14. Jack is no longer ______ over thirty years ago.
A. what was he B. what he was
C. the man what was D. like what was he
15. I remember ______ this used to be a quite town.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
16. I didn’t know which town _______.
A. the manager lived B. the manager lived in
C. did he manager live D. did the manager live in
17. These photographs will show you ________.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
18. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.
A. which B. that C. if D. for
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
答案：
三 主语从句
引导词引导的从句在句中做主语。
常用的连接词有：that, whether
连接代词：who, whom, whoever, whomever, whose, whosever, what, whatever, which, whichever.
连接副词：where, why, how, wherever, however
1. that 引导主语从句，只起连接作用，在从句中不做任何成分，也不能省略。多数情况下用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句尾，保持句子平衡。
例：That in some countries women are still treated unequally is unfair.
= It is unfair that in some countries women are still treated unequally.
在一些国家妇女们仍然受到不平等的对待是不公平的对待。
2． 引导主语从句：“是否”
a) 引导主语从句位于句首，只能用whether
b) 当主语从句由形式主语代替时，可用whether或if
如：1）Whether the news is true remains a question.
→It remains a question whether/if the news is true.
消息是否真实仍然是个问题。
2) Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.
这项工作是否能按时完成是值得怀疑的。
3． Wh-等的连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句可位于句首，也可位于句末。但需要用形式主语 it 替代.
例：1）Who will be in charge of the project hasn’t been decided yet.
→It hasn’t been decided yet who will be in charge of the project.
谁来负责这项工程还没决定。
2) Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
→It doesn’t matter too much whether he’s coming or not.
他是否来无关紧要。
3) It is hard to say which football team will win the match.
哪个足球队能赢还很难说。
4) It is not yet fixed when the parent-teacher meeting will be held.
什麽时候开家长会还没确定。
注：what引导主语从句，一般不用形式主语it 替代，但如果句子是一般疑问句时只能用形式主语it.
例：When the plane is to take off has been announced.
→It has been announced when the plane is to take off.
→Has it been announced when the plane is to take off
飞机什么时候起飞已经宣布了。
What we should do next remains unkown.
→Does it remain unknown what we should do next
我们下一步该怎么办仍然不知道。
4. 习惯上用it 做形式主语的因之句型有以下几种：
a) It is a pity/ shame / fact / wonder / an honor / no wonder that …
例：It is a pity you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
真遗憾，你昨天没听演讲。
It is a wonder that he should pass the driving test.
真奇怪，他竟然通过了驾驶考试。
b) It seems / appears / happens / matters that…
例：It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
他打电话时我碰巧不在。
It seems to me that you object to the plan.
在我看来，你反对这个计划。
c) It is said / believed / thought / expected / supposed / reported / announced / hoped / well known / has been decided 据说/大家相信/大家认为/据推测/据报道/据宣布/希望/众所周知/已经决定
d) It + be + adj + that…
例：It is likely that there will be a snow storm tomorrow.
很有可能明天要有暴风雪。
It is clear that he was lying.
很明显他在撒谎。
e) 主语从句中的虚拟：
It is + necessary/ important / strange / natural + that + 主+（should）+ 动词原形
例：It is necessary that we should learn English well.
我们有必要学好英语。
It is natural that we should work all by ourselves.
f) It is suggested / advised / ordered / requested / required / proposed / desired + that + 主 + (should) + 动词原形
例：It is requested that Professor Li (should) give us a speech.
要求李教授给我们做报告。
It is decided that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
希望我们在今晚之前把一切准备好。
主语从句专练：
1.______ proves that my advice is right.
A. It will happen that B. That has happened
C. What has happened D. When it happens
2. _____ he passed the exam was of little importance.
A. If B. Whether C. No matter whether D. /
3. It is suggested that the students______ sing a song.
A. must B. should C. ought to D. could
4. _____ is worth doing well.
A. Whatever is worth doing at all
B. That is worth doing it at all
C. Whatever is worth doing it at all
D. What is worth doing it at all
5. Which of the following is correct________
A. How and why he came here was a story of struggle and success
B. How and why to go there is not still unknown
C. When and where we shall have the meeting are still a problem
D. When and where to hold the meeting have been discussed
6.______ he is going home is true.
A. What B. Where C. That D./
7. ______ he said is true.
A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether
8. _____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. That B. What C. Which D. This
9. ______ to be discussed first doesn’t matter very much.
A. Which of the questions is
B. All of the questions are
C. Which of the questions are
D. That of the questions are
10. ______ Professor Wang will come to our school and give us a report is true.
A. Who B. That C. Which D. /
11.Is _______ he told you right
A. that B. what C. which D. when
12. ______ they will meet with at eight tomorrow morning isn’t clear.
A. When B. If C. Who D. What
13. It is well known ______ is why he has given up smoking.
A. that B. which C. that which D. that that
14. ______ we lost seems more valuable than ______ we have.
A. What; what B. That; that
C. What; that D. That; what
15. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
16. _______ is the last one to leave the room must turn off the lights.
A. Who B. It C. Whose D. Whoever
17. _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
答案：1-5 CBBAA 6-10 CABAB 11-15 BCDAB 16-17 DB
四．同位语从句
（一）同位语从句的定义
用于某些抽象名词后，说明这些名词的具体内容的从句：
引导词有连接词：that, whether
连接代词：what
连接副词：how, when, where, why
Eg, I have no idea that you were here.
我不知道你在这儿。
I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
You have no idea how worried I was.
你不知道我是多么着急。
（二）定语从句和同位语从句的结构相似，在使用时容易混淆，他们的区别是：
1. 引导词不同：
引导定语从句的关系词有：which, that, who, whom, whose, as, when, where, why.
引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, what, when, where, why, how.
注意： what(什么)，whether(是否)， how(怎样) 不能引导定语从句。
a) that引导同位语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，一般不能省。
that 引导定语从句，指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当主，宾，表。that 作主语不能省，作宾语可省略。
eg, 1. The news that she passed the computer skill test was a great surprise. 同位语从句
她通过了计算机技能测试的消息令人惊奇。
分析: She passed the computer skill test 主，谓，宾句子结构完整
2. The news that he told me is true.
他告诉我的消息是真的。
分析：He told me (the news). 句子结构不完整，缺宾语。
3. He told me the news that made me excited.
他告诉我的消息使我兴奋。
分析：(The news) made me excited . 句子意思不完整，缺主语。
4. The proposal that he should be chosen is workable.
他应该当选的那条建议是可行的。
5. The proposal (that) he put forward at the meeting is workable.
他在会议上提出的建议是可行的。
分析：He put forward (the proposal) at the meeting. 缺宾语，定语从句
6. Father made a promise that he would buy me a bike if I passed the exam. 同位语从句
爸爸答应如果我通过考试他就给我买辆自行车。
7. Father kept the promise (that) he made two years ago.
爸爸遵守了他两年前许下的诺言。
分析：He made ( the promise). 缺宾语，定语从句
注意：同位语从句有时可以不紧跟它的先行词后面，而被别的词隔开，目的在于使句子保持平衡。
eg, 1. An idea came to her that she might had left her wallent in the restaurant.
她突然想起可能把钱包丢在饭店了。
2. The story goes that the lost child has gone abroad.
那个丢失的孩子出国了成了广为流传的故事。
b) where, when, why 引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
由when, where, why 引导的定语从句，先行词分别为表示时间，地点，原因的词，并且可用介词+which 替换
由when, where, why 引导的同位语从句，先行词一般是表示疑问的什么时候，在哪儿，为什么，
名词，这些名词为：question, problem, puzzle, doubt, no idea, suspense(悬念)，不可用介词+which 替换
比较：I still remember the days when we worked together. (定从)
我仍然记得我们一起工作的日子。
I have no idea when she left. (同位语从句)
我不知道她什么时候走的。
The village where/ in which we lived isn’t far away from my school. (定从)
我们住的那个村子离我们学校不远。
The question where we shall have a meeting will be decided at once.
我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题马上会定下来。（同位语从句）
The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. （同位语从句）
他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。
The reason why he was chosen is unknown. （同位语从句）
他为什么会被选上的原因还不清楚。
c) what, whether 引导同位语从句
eg, The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.
会议上提出了我们是否能够得到足够的钱进行实验研究问题。
3. 先行词不同
同位语从句的先行词一般是抽象名词，如: news, fact, idea, promise, suggestion, proposal, plan, belief, possibility, information, thought, truth, feeling, order, hope, wish, 而定语从句的先行词范围较广，并不限制于这些名词，还可以是其它名词或代词：
eg, 1. We are going to discuss her suggestion that the meeting be put off. （同位语从句）
2. The book that you bought yesterday is worth reading. （定语从句）
3. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. （定语从句）
4. Those who want to go to the cinema please sign your names here. （定语从句）
想去看电影的人请在这里签名。
4. 定语从句的先行词可用复数形式，但同位语从句的先行词一般无复数形式。
eg, His mother was worried about the possility that her daughter disliked to go to school.
她母亲担心她女儿不喜欢上学的可能性。
The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.
她被提供的那些可能性似乎很好。
二 whatever 引导的名词性从句，让步状语从句与 no matter + 疑问词引导的让步状语从句：
whatever 引导主，宾，表从句= anyone who / anything that
whatever 引导让步状语从句 = no matter what 引导让步状语从句
eg, 1.Whatever/ no matter what you say to her, she still keeps smiling.
2. It is generally consider unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
1. whoever telephones, tell him I’m out.
2. Whoever told you that was lying.
1. However rich people are, they always want more.
2. However late he is. Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
1. Whatever problems you have, you can always come to me for help.
同位语从句与定语从句专练：
I. 在括号中注明下列句子属于同位语从句还是定语从句：
1. The idea that came to him seemed brillant. ( )
2. The news that we won the championship soon spread all over the university. ( )
3. The order that the soldiers had received came from the headquarters. ( )
4. The delegation expressed the hope that we would meet again in their country. ( )
5. The monitor put forward the suggestion that we should have a basketball match with Class Five. ( )
6. The proposal that this wall should be pulled down is ridiculous. ( )
7. The news that we have just heard is very exciting. ( )
8. The fact that he is guilty is plain to everybody. ( )
9. The idea that you had was wrong. ( )
10. The report that he had resigned proved to be incorrect. ( )
II. 选择填空
1. I have no idea _____ far the airport is from here.
A. what B. how C. it’s D. that
2. He can’t answer the question _____ he got the money.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
3. Yang Weiwei told me the _____ that our team had won.
A. book B. message C. time D. place
4. The theory ______ nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it is accepted by the majority of people.
5. Can you produce any evidence _____ I had done it
A. which B. that C. what D. if
6. The _____ that he wants to work in Beijing is not still solved.
A. message B. fact C. news D. question
7. He didn’t give the answer ______ he was late.
A. that B. where C. why D. when
8. We have no information ______ he was alive.
A. when B. that C. whether D. if
9. They accepted the suggestion ______ Tom made.
A. what B. when C. how D. /
10. They accepted the suggestion ______ they (should) see their teacher.
A. why B. that C. whether D. /
答案：
I.1. 定语从句 2. 同位语从句 3. 定语从句 4. 同位语从句 5. 同位语从句
6. 同位语从句 7. 定语从句 8. 同位语从句 9. 定语从句 10. 定语从句
II. 1-5. BDBAB 6-10 DCCDB
名词性从句精练：
1. Word has come ______ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. that C. whether D. when
2. It makes no difference ______ our sports meeting will be held this week or next week.
A. that B. what C. whether D. when
3. ______ the old man’s sons wanted to know was ______ gold had been hidden.
A. That; what B. What; where
C. What; that D. What; if
4. The reason why the traffic was stopped was ______ the bridge was broken.
A. because B. why C. how D. that
5. It matters little ______ a man dies, but _____ matters much is ______ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why D. that; what; that
6. It hasn’t been decided _______ the talk on middle school education will be given.
A. when and whether B. where and whom
C. when and where D. where and if
7. ______ gave it to you is more important than ______ was given to you.
A. Who; what B. Who; who
C. Whoever; whoever D. What; who
8. The doctors did ______ to operate on the seriously wounded captain.
A. how they could B. what they would
C. what could they D. all what they could do
9. We don’t doubt ______ he can do a good job of it.
A. whether B. that C. what D. why
10. ______ is troubling me is ______ I don’t know ______ is to be done with the new machine.
A. What; what; that B. What; that; how
C. What; that; what D. What; because; which
11. ______ theory must be closely connected with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
A. Why B. Whether C. What D. That
12. ______ you can succeed in the end will mainly depend on_____ you do and _____ you do it.
A. If; what; why B. Whether; what; how
C. Whether; how; why D. That; whether; how
13. They have decided to go on a trip to the Great Wall, but _____ they are to do so hasn’t been made clear yet.
A. when B. what C. where D. whether
14. Bob was never sure of _____ verbs of those were regular.
A. what B. that C. if D. which
15. The emperor wanted to get _____ he thought was most fit for his office to see _____ the weavers were getting along with the splendid cloth.
A. who; whether B. whoever; how
C. whomever; how D. whom; if
16. The parents think ______ a pity ______ their daughter didn’t pass the examination.
A. it; what B. that; that C. this; that D. it; that
17. I have no idea ______ they have kept in touch with me by writing letters since last year.
A. that B. how long C. why D. when
18. Things were not ______they seemed to be.
A. as B. because C. that D. where
19. I’ll eat _______ you give me.
A. that B. no matter what C. whatever D. no matter which
20. The books were written by Mark Twain and Shakespeare. Please advise me ______ books I should read first.
A. what B. which of C. whose D. these
答案：
1-5 BCBDA 6-10 CABBC 11-15 DBADB 16-20 DCACC
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