虚拟语气讲解
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课件19张PPT。Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
2. 虚拟语气定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，与事实相反，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。1 真实条件句?
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句常用一般现在时。条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去时（were）过去完成时Would/could/should/might +doWould/could/should/might+have done1.过去时(were)
2.should+V.
3. were to dowould/could/should/might +do2 非真实条件句?
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.
3. If you had come earlier, you would have seen her.
与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.
6.I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.
7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.
与将来事实相反二：虚拟语气特殊句型：Wish
的宾语从句现在：
过去：
未来：过去时（were）过去完成时would/could/might+V. shouldI wish I were a bird.（现在）
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.（过去）
We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.
（将来）2. Would rather that现在/未来：
过去：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去完成时●would rather (not) do ---
would rahter do A than do B
would do A rather than do B
* prefer to do A rather than do B 3. as if /though + Clause 现在：
过去：过去时过去完成时● It seems as if it is going to rain.(真实)It seems as if it were spring.
I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4.It’s (about/high) time +that ---should +V.过去时(were)我们该去睡觉了。It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 5 特殊的虚拟语气词：should?1).宾语从句
表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即
1.insist 2. order, command
3. advise, suggest, propose
4. demand , require, request, desire
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。
2).名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。
● 以上动词的名词形式order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire构成的宾语从句和同位语从句中● 表语从句 (1)suggested It is + (2)important that…+ (should) do (3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
(3)a pity, a shame, no wonderIt’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.
All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.Her pale face suggests that she is badly ill today.
She insisted that she hadn't stolen the money.6.without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Without your help, I would have failed.
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.7. If only …要是就好了
If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again!
三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。混合条件句，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospitalnow.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
Were I you, I would give it up.
If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
虚拟语气1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
2. 虚拟语气定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，与事实相反，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。1 真实条件句?
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句常用一般现在时。条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去时（were）过去完成时Would/could/should/might +doWould/could/should/might+have done1.过去时(were)
2.should+V.
3. were to dowould/could/should/might +do2 非真实条件句?
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.
3. If you had come earlier, you would have seen her.
与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.
6.I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.
7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.
与将来事实相反二：虚拟语气特殊句型：Wish
的宾语从句现在：
过去：
未来：过去时（were）过去完成时would/could/might+V. shouldI wish I were a bird.（现在）
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.（过去）
We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.
（将来）2. Would rather that现在/未来：
过去：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去完成时●would rather (not) do ---
would rahter do A than do B
would do A rather than do B
* prefer to do A rather than do B 3. as if /though + Clause 现在：
过去：过去时过去完成时● It seems as if it is going to rain.(真实)It seems as if it were spring.
I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4.It’s (about/high) time +that ---should +V.过去时(were)我们该去睡觉了。It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 5 特殊的虚拟语气词：should?1).宾语从句
表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即
1.insist 2. order, command
3. advise, suggest, propose
4. demand , require, request, desire
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。
2).名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。
● 以上动词的名词形式order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire构成的宾语从句和同位语从句中● 表语从句 (1)suggested It is + (2)important that…+ (should) do (3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
(3)a pity, a shame, no wonderIt’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.
All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.Her pale face suggests that she is badly ill today.
She insisted that she hadn't stolen the money.6.without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Without your help, I would have failed.
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.7. If only …要是就好了
If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again!
三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。混合条件句，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospitalnow.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
Were I you, I would give it up.
If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
Should there be a flood, what should we do?