牛津版高二下学期模块7讲练

Module 7 Unit 2
课文出现短语
1. keep us healthy
2. open up
3. carry out
4. give up
5. come true
6. figure out
7. go wrong
8. put off
9. put up with
10. make out
11. call back
12. look out for
13. at certain points
14. find out
15. if so
16. recommend doing
17. in contemporary society
18. in large quantities
19. trun into
20. be fundamental to (doing)
21. a disease called malaria
22. look into
23. look down upon
24. put through
e up
26. remind sb to do
27. be based on
28. block from doing
29. focus on
30. reduce the risk of
31. try out
32. due to
33. in addition to
34. have an influence on
35. leave behind
36. ask for
37. set up
38. put off
39. take measures to do
40. let … out of
41. be connected with
一．单词应用
根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。
1. A p____________ is a person who has general skills to treat physical problems.
2. Penicillin was d___________ in the mould that grew on a special transparent jelly.
3. He is the a__________ whose books are best-selling this year.
4. Stoke is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain b_________ suddenly or are b___________.
5. Aspirin can reduce the risk of heart attacks by t__________ blood.
6. He tried to apply for the patent. But his a___________ was not accepted at all.
7. Overeating makes him ___________ (不能) to live a normal life.
8. In 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a t__________ __________ (含有) 500mg of ASA.
9. His report was ___________ (忽视) at first but later was i__________(证实) very powerful in this field.
10. They realized there was some __________ (潜在的) danger behind the case.
11. There is a high _____________ (可能性) that the murderer just hid in the hill.
12. I’ll put you through to the ______________ (接待员) and she can take down your __________ (详情).
二．词形转换
1. history n.---______ (adj.)---____(n. 人) 2. standard n.--_________ (vt.)
3. able adj.---_________ (反) 4. purify v.--_______(n.)---_______ (adj.)
5. relief n.---_______ (v.) 6. enquire v.---_________ (n.)
7. annual adj. ---________(adv.) 8. adjust v.---__________ (adj.)
9. addiction n. ---________(adj.) 10. surgical adj.---_______ (n.)
三．选词填空
try out, turn up, come true, die for, pick up , clear up , go through, focus on, result in, decide on
1. She ________ some dumplings in the restaurant on her way home.
2. Jerry _______ many difficulties, but finished university in the end.
3. Don’t leave your room in a mess,_____ your things before you leave,
4. The national hero _______ the cause of freedom.
5. I’m so tired that I can’t _________ anything.
6. In 1965, Aleksei Lennov, a Russian, made the dreams of many people_______ by becoming the first astronaut to walk in outer space.
7.The drug has not been _______ on humans yet, so it cannot be put on the market.
8. Mr. Wang failed to _______ at his daughter’s birthday party, greatly disappointing her.
9.His success in the examination _______ him being able to enter university.
10. Finally, she_______ a pink dress.
四．句型结构
1. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin. (P18) 倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜,都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。
probability
probable
The probable cause of death was heart failure.
[+ that] It is probable that share prices will fall still further.
注意比较：
probable: adj. 很可能的，与likely意思相近，有时可以互换；possible的语气稍弱。他们各自的句型如下：
It’s probable/possible for sb. to do sth.
It’s probable/possible that…
It’s likely that…
sb./sth. is likely to do sth.
2. … but in fact, 3,500 years ago, some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant to reduce body pains. (P18) 但事实上,早在3,500年前就有一些药方建议人们饮用一种由特殊植物的干叶制成的茶来减轻身体的病痛。
Recommend I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious.
She has been recommended for promotion.
[+ (that)] The doctor recommended (that) I take more exercise.
[+ ing form of verb] I recommend writing your feelings down on paper.
recommended adj.
It is dangerous to take more than the recommended dose of this medicine.
She is a highly recommended architect.
recommendation
I got the job on Sam's recommendation (= because she told her employers that I was suitable for the job).
相关短语:
make…of…/be made of…
Earrings are made of gold
make…into…/be made from
Wood can be made into tables.
make up/be made up of…
Eleven players make up the football team.
The football team is made up of eleven players.
3. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the company Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. (P18) 1899年, 该药品第一次进行实验, 当时, 霍夫曼供职的公司开始将该药以粉末形式提供给医师, 让他们用于病人。
Trial n. [C or U] 1) a test, usually over a limited period of time, to discover how effective or suitable sth. or someone is:
They're doing clinical trials on a new drug.
They've employed her for a six-month trial (period).
trial and error
n. a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes that you make:
There's no instant way of finding a cure - it's just a process of trial and error.
take place: to happen:
同义词辨析:
happen：(of a situation or an event) to have existence or come into existence:
No one knows exactly what happened but several people have been hurt.
Anything could happen in the next half hour. A funny thing happened in the office today.
What's happened to my pen (= Where is it) I put it down there a few moments ago.
to do or be by chance:
[+ to infinitive] They happened to look (= looked by chance) in the right place almost immediately.
4. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet containing 500 milligrams of ASA. (P18) 一年以后，阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售，每片含有200毫克的乙酰水杨酸。
contain
v. [T not continuous]
to have sth. inside or include sth. as a part:
How much liquid do you think this bottle contains
I've lost a file containing a lot of important documents.
Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.
注意比较: include
v. [T] to contain sth. as a part of sth. else, or to make sth. part of sth. else:
The book contains 40 maps, including a map of China.
The bill includes tax and service.
Tax and service are included in the bill.
7. In 1999, aspirin was 100 years old and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of people’s lives. (P19) 到1999年，阿司匹林已有100年的历史，然而关于它如何帮助延长人类寿命方面还有更多的发现。
length
n. 1) [C or U] the measurement of sth. from end to end or along its longest side:
The boat is ten metres in length.
The length of the bay is approximately 200 miles.
She planted rose bushes (along) the length of the garden (= the whole distance along it).
2) [C] a piece of sth. such as string or pipe:
a length of rope
3) [C] the amount of time sth. takes:
the length of a film/speech/play
He is unable to concentrate on his work for any length of time (= for anything more than a short time).
keep sb. at arm's length
to not allow someone to become too friendly with you:
I always had the feeling she was keeping me at arm's length.
at length
1) for a long time:
George went on at great length about his various illnesses.
2) FORMAL If sth. happens at length, it happens after a long period of time:
At length, the authorities allowed her to go home.
8. He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. (P19) 他注意到，带有细菌的一种特殊的，透明的果子冻上长起了霉。
note
v. [T] SLIGHTLY FORMAL 1) to notice sth.:
They noted the consumers' growing demand for quicker service.
[+ (that)] Please note (that) we will be closed on Saturday.
[+ question word] Note how easy it is to release the catch quickly.
2) to give your attention to something by discussing it or making a written record of it:
[+ that] He said the weather was beyond our control, noting that last summer was one of the hottest on record.
n. [U] FORMAL
She's not noted for her patience (= She is not a patient person).
9. It was not until World War II that two other scientists managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it. (P19)直到二战另外两个科学家才设法使用新的化学方法来净化它。
It was not until that… 这是一个not… until…结构的强调句型。
强调句型的结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+that…
高考链接
1. It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (2006全国II)
A. when B. that C. where D. before
2. It was after he got what he had desired _______ he realized it was not so important. (2006辽宁)
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案：1-2 B A
10. He named the chemical found in the mould penicillin and tried to make it pure to be a medicine, but was unable to do that. (P19) 他把霉里的化学物质命名为青霉素并尽力提纯该物质以便制药，但没能做成。
name
v. [T] 1) to give someone or sth. a name:
[+ two objects] We named our dogs 'Shandy' and 'Belle'.
n. [C] the word or words that a person, thing or place is known by:
"Hi, what's your name " "My name's Diane."
pure
adj. not mixed with anything else:
a pure cotton shirt
purify v.
11. They were able to produce it in large quantities. (P19) 他们能够大量地生产它。
表示“许多”的词或短语如下：
(1) 修饰可数名词的：many, a great/good many, quite a few, a large/great number of/numbers of, many a
(2) 修饰不可数名词的：much, a great deal of, a large amount of/large amounts of
(3) 既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数名词的：a lot of/lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of/large quantities of, a mass of, masses of
高考链接
We always keep _______ spare paper, in case we ran out. (2006浙江)
A. too much B. a number C. plenty of D. a good many
答案：C
12. If penicillin had not been available, many people would have died from bacterial illnesses or even minor wounds. (P19) 如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于由细菌引起的疾病。
die相关短语:
die from： 死于（外因） die of： 死于（疾病，饥饿，严寒等内因）
die away： （声音等的）消逝 die down： （火势，怒气等的）平息
die out： （风俗习惯，物种等的）灭绝，消失 die off： 相继死去直至死光
die for：为…而死；渴望得到…
For example:
The sound of his footsteps gradually died away.
It was several minutes before the applause died down.
Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
It's a custom which is beginning to die out.
His parents died off within a year.
I am dying for/to have a drink.
13. Penicillin is also used to treat other illnesses including pneumonia, an illness that affects the lungs. (P19) 青霉素也用于治疗其他的疾病,其中包括肺炎,这是一种侵袭肺部的疾病.
affect
v. [T] to have an influence on someone or sth., or to cause them to change:
Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
The divorce affected every aspect of her life.
It's a disease which affects mainly older people.
I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me).
15. It has saved and brought relief to millions of people’s lives. (P21) 它拯救了许多人的性命,减轻了许多人的痛苦.
relief
n. [C or U] food, money or services which provide help for people in need:
an international relief operation
relief agencies/supplies
Acupuncture anaesthesia brought relief to the patient.
Pop stars have raised millions of pounds for famine relief in Africa.
relieve
v. [T] 1) to provide relief for a bad situation or for people in need:
emergency food aid to help relieve the famine
2) to take the place of someone and continue doing their job or duties:
I'm on duty until 2 p.m. and then Peter is coming to relieve me.
16. It was fundamental to saving many thousands of lives and is one of the most important medicines of contemporary society. (P21)它对于拯救许多人的性命是很重要的,并且它是当代社会最重要的药物之一.
fundamental
adj. We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women.
Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.
fundamentally adv.
Our new managing director has reorganized the company a bit, but nothing has fundamentally
完成句子
1、到目前为止，这种新药还未进行人体试验(try out)
____ ____ _____, the new drug hasn’t been _____ _______on humans yet.
2、他缺少经验，不能胜任这项工作(unable)
He ____ ______to do the job _____ _______ _____experience.
3、他们意识到，由于粗心大意所产生的这个错误的严重性(due to)
They______ _______ that the mistake _____ ______ carelessness was serious.
4、倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜，都很可能找到这两种药(probability)
If you _____ ____ any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a _____ _______ that you will
find this two kinds of medicines.
5、许多人认为这种药是当代社会中最重要的药物之一(consider)
This kind of medicine ____ _________ ____ many to be one of the most important medicines in the society.
五．语法应用(动词短语)
1. There is no night-flight in the small town. The service was _____at the end of the summer.
A. turned over B. turned off C. taken out D. taken off
2. — Not getting that job was a big letdown.
—Don’t worry. Something better will _____ .
A. come along B. take on C. go by D. fall behind
3. _______ and tell us. We are all anxious to know how the story ends up.
A. Hold on B. Carry out C. Speed up D. Go ahead
4. —The meeting has begun and _____ he will come.
—Of course, He is sure to come. He’ll speak at the meeting.
A. I believe B. I hope C. I think D. I doubt if
5. Harry, would you _____ the story at the point where John left off yesterday.
A. finish up B. do up C. pick up D. take up
6. I’m putting on weight. The doctor has warned me to_____ sugar.
A. keep up B. keep back C. keep off D. keep away
7. After staying in hospital for long, the patient was advised to go to the seaside to _____ his health.
A. take up B. pick up C. carry up D. make up
8. These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet; that’s why they are so easily _____ .
A. taken in B. taken up C. taken on D. taken off
9. The market for used computers is getting larger and larger as the years _____ .
A. get on B. run on C. push on D. go on
10. I hope scientists will_____ with a cure of SARS.
A. come about B. come up C. bring about D. get along
六．翻译句子
1.如果我们需要做手术的话, 就使用一个特殊的被成为手术室的房间.
2.我本来以为他很出名，但我的朋友都没曾听说过他。
3.我们教育学生在读书的时候拿书离他们的眼睛至少有30厘米的距离。
4.昨晚他工作到深夜，今天他很可能会上班迟到。
5.过去的20年中，这个乡村发生了很大变化
6.据说青霉素能希释血液，帮助减少心脏病的危机。
7.他们建议喝点用特别的树叶所制成的茶叶。
8.当你在网上收集信息的时候，你最好是注明来源。
9.老师们已经被训练来留意可能有视力问题的学生。
10.警察似乎很确信他们能找到对这次袭击负责的人。
七．单项选择
1) We can learn by ____ that oil and water do not mix.
A. experiment B. try C. trial D. test
2) Please ____ that this bill must be paid within 2 weeks.
A. notice B. note C. mind D. remark
3) Much to our ____, the outcome of the general election is far better than we have expected before.
A. delight B. relief C. surprise D. disappointment
4. We are trying to ring you back Bryan but we think we ____ your number incorrectly.
A. looked up B. took down C. worked out D. brought about
5. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ____ jokes.
A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up
6. He accidently ____ that he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
7. It is what you do rather than what you say ___ matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
8. Why! I have nothing to confess ____ you want me to say
A. What is it that B. what it is that C. How is it that D. How it is
9. ___ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they bought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
10. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. known B. to be known C. knowing D. are known
11. Before building a house, you will have to ____ the government’s permission.
A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for
12. For all these years, I have been working for others, I an hoping I will ___ my own
business someday.
A. turn up B. fix up C. set up D. make up
13. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain the visit to the village ____ scenes of my childhood.
A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in
14、---Young people today earn more and have more freedom to live where they want.
--- This, I think that they are still interested in older people.
A、In addition to B、In spite of C、Due to D、As for
15、The parents suggested ______ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to campout during the trip.
A、sleep B、to sleep C、sleeping D、hawing slept
九．课文复述
1．Passage A（Reading）
Two life-saving medicines
Aspirin Penicillin
3500 years ago Drinking a certain tea was 1 . Reducing body pains In 1928 Fleming5 penicillin. Helping in treating wounds and illness.
2500 years ago A certain juice was drunk. Reducing fever and pain.
In 1897 Aspirin was2 . Not until World War Ⅱ
In 1900 Tablets of aspirin weresold in shops. One of the first3 to be sold as a standardized tablet. Flory and Chain 6to purify it.It was a7 come true. Saving many lives during the war.
In 1950 Aspirin appeared in the Guinness Book of Records. Becoming the 4painkiller. In 1945 Fleming, Florey and Chain 8 the Nobel Prize. Becoming the 9 “wonder drug”
10 of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives since they were invented.
十．Writing
近来，长江中学开展“献爱心，送温暖”活动，号召广大学生向贫困或受灾地区捐款捐物。请你参考下列表格要点提示，以“捐款还是捐物”为题写一篇120字左右的英语短文。可适当增加内容。
关于捐款 关于捐物
1．捐款可以直接帮助人们购买生活必需用品或用于重建家园等。2．中学生无生活来源，无钱捐献。 1．捐物可以旧物利用。2．捐物可能造成浪费，因为有些人得到的捐物并非自己所需要的物品。
十一.任务型阅读
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。
Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.
The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolved round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.
Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminal is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks, little effort is spent on searching.
Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.
A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force, they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants, they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-minded — as he see it — of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detective feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical(愤世嫉俗的).
Police in (1) ?▲ world Police on TV
Knowledge of (2) ?▲ law He has to know as much as a professional lawyer and applies it to their (3) ▲ work. There is no(4) ?▲ for them to know about it.
Different (5) ?▲ of spending time He (6) ?▲ most of his working life to collecting and providing evidence needed to prove his case in court. Time is spent finding criminals. Once the criminal is found, the story (7) ?▲ .
Different pressures (8) ?▲ and the public put much pressure on detectives and policemen. They got no pressure from the public.
Relationship with society He feels(9) ?▲ from citizens, as they hold different (10) ?▲ toward punishment of the criminals. No contact with the public.
参考答案
一．单词应用
1. physician 2. discovered 3. author 4. burst, blocked 5. thinning
6. application 7. unable 8. tablet, containing 9. ignored/overlooked, identified 10. potential 11. probability 12. receptionist, details
二．词形转换
1.historical historian 2. standardize 3. unable 4. purity pure 5. relieve
6. enquiry 7. annually 8. adjustable 9. addictive 10. surgery
三．选词填空
1. picked up 2. went through 3. Clear up 4. died for 5. focus on
6. come true 7. tried out 8. turn up 9. resulted in 10.decided on
五．语法应用
1-5 DADDD 6-10 CBADB
六．翻译句子
1. If we need an operation, a special room called an operating theatre is used.
2. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ever heard of her.
3. We teach students to hold a book at least 30 cm away from their eyes while reading.
4. He worked deep into night last night. There is a probability that he will be late for work today.
5. Great change have taken place in the rural areas in the past two decades.
6. It is reported that aspirin can thin blood and help reduce the risk of heart attacks
7. They recommended drinking some tea made from the barks of special trees.
8. When you search for information on the Internet, you’d better note its sources.
9. Teachers have been trained to look out for students who may be having eyesight problems.
10. The police seem certain (that) they will find the people responsible for the attack.
七. 单项选择
1-5 CBBBC 6-10 AAABA 11-15 DCACC
九．课文复述
Passage A (Reading)
1. recommended. 2. invented. 3. medicines 4.bestselling 5.discovered
6. managed 7. dream 8. shared 9. powerful 10. Both
十．Writing
We often give money to the people in poor or disaster-stricken areas. Some students don’t think it a good way to help people there .However ,some prefer helping the unfortunate with money.
In their opinion, money can be used to buy daily necessities and can help people rebuild their hometowns ,while sometimes the things people there receive are not what they need actually.
But some other students think that giving used clothing to the people in those areas is better .Many people ,especially in rich areas and in cities ,have much clothing they no longer like or need. By giving it away to the needy people we can make the best use of it . Besides ,we are just students ,and we have no incomes of our own.
Anyhow ,no matter which way is considered better ,we should try our best to help those who need help.
十一.任务型阅读
1. real 2. criminal 3. daily 4. need 5. ways 6. devotes 7. ends
8. Law 9. separated 10. attitudesModule 7 Unit 3
新课标单词
课文出现短语
1. search for
2. have positive/ negative effects on
3. in need of
4. answers to questions
5. be involved in
6. feel disconnected to
7. point out
8. stop from doing
9. be eager to do
10. be related to
11. keep in mind
12. as a general rule
13. in double quotation marks
14. keep in touch with
15. turn to
16. according to
17. become addicted to
18. pros and cons
19. have a great appreciation for
20. in an intelligent manner
21. be happy with
22. be divided into
23. be sure about
24. that is to say
25. be included in
26. focus on
27. be based on
31. deal with
32. become accustomed to
33. feel worn out
34. stay silent
35. keep in mind
36. make a difference
37. be involved in
38. access to sth
39 hand in papers
40 affect people’s private lives
41 gain popularity
42 rather than
43 feel disconnected to sth
28. limit the use of
29 handle the problems
30 form lifelong friendship
44．Build social ties
45. at an Internet cafe
46. deal with Internet addiction
一．单词应用
根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。
1. Everything has negative effects and also p_______ effects.
2. If you want to know about c_______ affairs, you can read newspapers or surf the Internet.
3. I am fond of skiing while he is a_______ to skating.
4. I believe friendship should be based on c_______ interests.
5. We shouldn’t judge a person by a________.
6. We cannot always tell if the information is true or f______.
7.The accident o_______ on a cold night.
8. When you come across new words in the text, it’s better to guess their meaning before c______________ the dictionary.
9. Her books enjoy a high p_________ among teenagers in many countries.
10 Don’t i________ me in your family problems.
11 Before making up your mind, you have to take everything into _________（考虑）.
12 The weather _________ (预报)said there would be sunny.
13 She has __________ （获得、习得）a knowledge of English by careful study.
14 Buses run ___________（频繁 ） between the city and the airport.
15 The public remain __________（怀疑 ） of these claims.
16 The figures are not ___________（准确 ）.
17 I lost touch with all my friends and I felt d__________ from the world around me.
18 When I come to a new place, it’ll take me a long time to get a____________ to it.
19 One of the greatest __________ (优势 ) is that they can save people lots of time and energy.
20 I don’t think the price is ________（合理 ）, so I won’t take it.
二．词形转换
1. history n.-- (adj.) 2. long -- (n.)
3. apply -- (n.) 4. pure -- (v.)
5. relief -- (v.) 6. physics -- (adj.)
7. chemistry -- (adj.) 8. able -- (opp.)
9. transparent -- (adv.) 10. adjust -- (n. )
三．选词填空
in need of, be addicted to, deal with, have an effect on, keep in touch with, get accustomed to, make out, make sense, make of, turn to
1. You look sleepy. You are ______________ sleep.
2. Can you tell me how to__________ these old books
3. Ii _________ my parents by telephoning them regularly.
4. She has grown up and I can’t ________ her _______.
5.____________ｍe for help if you have any difficulty.
6. They’ve_________ going to bed early and getting up early.
7. Raising sheep and cows I hilly areas really_________.
8. This table is___________ solid dark wood.
9. The medicine _________ instant ________me. I am fine now.
10. Those who ____________ drugs are suffering greatly.
四．句型结构
1. That is to say, I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives. (P34) 也就是说，我相信因特网对我们的生活产生正面的影响。
That is to say=in other words
Next Monday, that is to say, the 14th of April.
effect
1) n. [C or U] 1) the result of a particular influence:
The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.
I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn't have any effect.
2) take effect to produce or achieve the results you want:
They had to wait ten minutes for the anesthetic to take effect before they stitched up the cut.
n. [U] use:
The present system of payment will remain in effect (= be used) until the end of the rental agreement.
2. The first is its value for people who are looking for information. (P34) 第一是因特网对于搜索信息的人具有的价值。
value
n. 1) [S or U] the importance or worth of sth. for someone:
They are known to place/put/set a high value on good presentation.
2) [U] how useful or important sth. is:
His contribution was of little or no practical value.
The necklace had great sentimental value.
3) the amount of money which can be received for sth.:
What is the value of the prize
V．2) to give a judgment about how much money sth. might be sold for:
He valued the painting at $2000.
高考链接
To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses. （2006湖北）
A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values
答案及解析：选A. 根据句意，此处与weakness并立的只有strengths(力量, 力气)；而benefit（利益, 好处）；technique（技术, 技巧, 方法）；value（价值, 估价, 评价, 价格）。
3. With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student can acquire knowledge from the information held in the largest libraries and museums in the world, whether he or she lives in a small village or downtown in a big city. (P34) 轻按键盘或点击鼠标，无论是住在小村庄还是大都会的闹市区，学生们都可以从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆中获取知识。
click
whether conj. 是否 if The question is whether you can do the work well.
conj. 两个中的任何一个 either
conj. 不论 no matter if...or 条件状语 Whether we help him or not, he will fail.
高考链接
1. We haven’t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (2006江苏)
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
2. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______it is rough or smooth. (2005天津)
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what
答案及解析：
1. 选C. 根据句意，此处为whether引导的宾语从句，意为“我们还没有决定他是否去国外学习”。
2. 选B. 意为“大象有自己的办法区分物体的形状和物体是粗糙的还是光滑的”。
4. They say children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work. (P34) 他们说，孩子们花大量时间聊天或打游戏，而不是集中精力学习。
focus on Tonight's programme focuses on the way that homelessness affects the young.
5. One of the greatest benefits of Internet friendships is that they are based on common interests, rather than appearance, age or popularity. (P34) 网络友谊最大的好处之一在于它是基于共同的兴趣爱好而形成的，而非取决于人们的外貌、年龄或人气。
base on vt. 基于；以……为根据；建于……之上 rest; build; place; found (=place upon)
This song is based on an old folk tune. Scientific theories must be based on facts.
rather than 倒不如说；是……而不是 which is better than; instead of
1) 接名词 He is a writer rather than a teacher．
2) 接代词 You, rather than she, are my guest.
3) 接形容词 The color seems green rather than blue.
4) 接副词 The ship sank quickly rather than slowly.
5) 接动词 He loves her rather than likes her.
6) 接介词短语 I'd prefer to read in the library rather than at home.
7) 接动词＋ing She likes dancing rather than singing.
8) 接过去分词 He had the house rebuilt rather than repaired.
9) 接句子 We should help him rather than he should help us.
高考链接
It is what you do rather than what you say _______ matters. （2005天津）
A. that B. what C. which D. this
答案及解析：选A. 此句为强调句型。what you do rather than what you say为被强调部分。
6. Moreover, people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can communicate with the outside world and meet others with similar interests. (P34) 还有那些必须待在家里的残疾人也可以通过因特网与外部世界进行交流和沟通，结识有相同爱好的人们。
Moreover adv. FORMAL: (used to add information) also and more importantly:
The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it’s inaccurate.
7. Of course, access to up to date, accurate information is an important thing for anyone who is involved in research. (P35) 当然，对于做研究的人们来说，获取最新的﹑精确的信息是重要的。
Access n. [U] the method or possibility of approaching a place or person, or the right to use or look at sth.: The only access to the village is by boat.
be involved in vt. 陷入；专注be very busy with sth.:
be deeply involved in debt 债台高筑 be involved in the scandal 卷入这一丑事中
be involved in working out a puzzle 专心于解出一道难题
8. In fact, some young people spend so much time playing computer games and using the Internet that they have become addicted to computer games. (P35) 事实上，有的年轻人将大量的时间花在玩电脑游戏和上因特网上，结果越来越上瘾。
become/be addicted to
I'm addicted to (= I very often eat/drink) chocolate/lattes.
完成句子
1. How much do you know about international __________ _________ (时事)
2. Do you know how to ________ _____answers____ questions (搜索问题的答案) on Internet
3. With no one to ________ _______(求助), she felt hopeless and homesick.
4. He prefers to ________ ________ (上网) ________ _________ (而不是) go shopping with his wife.
5. Have you _________ ________ __________ (把...考虑进去) all the possible delays on the way before leaving for his office
6. I become __________ _______ _________ (习惯于写) my most private thoughts in my diary.
7. You may come to my home whenever you want to, only letting me know ________ ________ (提前).
8. Whenever we run into new words, we may __________ (查询) the dictionary.
五．语法应用
连系动词：1）be + 表语
2）keep(保持)/stay(保持)/remain(依然)/seem/appear/prove
3) look(看起来) sound(听起来) taste(尝起来)feel(摸起来/感到)
4) 表示“变；变得”
1) turn(变化);grow(变得)get(变成)become(变成)
2) come(变得) go(变得) 3) fall(进入某状态)
1. That young Swedish __________ quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
A. kept B. grew C. got D. stood
2. In late autumn leaves __________ brown.
A. get B. turn C. stand D. come
3. Little Jim’s speech sounds __________.
A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely
4. The poor boy __________ blind at the age of three.
A. turned B. went C. became D. looked
5. As a child, Frank __________.
A. was alive B. grew patience C. ran wild D. came true
6. In spring, all the flowers in the garden __________ sweet.
A. become B. taste C. smell D. sound
7. She __________ like her mother in character.
A. feels B. seems C. looks D. is
8. It __________ another fine day tomorrow.
A. seems B. appears C. promises D. looks
9. His father __________ that older than he really is.
A. grows B. appears C. turns D. becomes
10. His girlfriend __________ a singer.
A. has turned B. grew C. has become D. turned
11. Obviously, the old soldier’s knowledge of English __________ very weak.
A. seems B. raised C. remained D. looked
12. His mother __________ teacher.
A. became B. has turned C. came D. proved
13. It sounds __________ the singing of rails.
A. as B. in C. like D. as if
14. Her temperature __________ to be all right.
A. seems B. sounds C. appears D. looks
15. His wish to become a driver has __________ true.
A. realized B. come C. grown D. turned
16. His plan __________ to be a perfect one.
A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving
17. When her mother came home yesterday, it was __________ dark.
A. running B. coming C. getting D. going
18. These apples taste __________.
A. to be good B. good C. to be well D. well
19. ----How about the cloth you bought yesterday
----That’s very beautiful. It _______ so soft.
A. felt B. feels C. is feeling D. fall
20. When his brother telephoned him last night, he __________ asleep.
A. kept B. got C. fall D. fell
21. He looks __________ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month.
A. that B. as if C. when D. so far
22. It __________ that he was late for the train.
A. loops B. turns C. gets D. seems
23. What does your brother look __________
A. as B. on C. after D. like
24. She __________ red with anger as soon as she heard the news.
A. went B. stayed C. became D. remained
25. What a lovely day! I hope it __________ fine.
A. stayed B. will stay C. will get D. turn
六．翻译句子
1. 这座桥应该建在交通最繁忙的地方。2. 无论你在世界的任何地方都可以与家人保持联系。3. 尽管他只有有限的技术知识，但这个老工人有很多经验。 4. 有多少比例的人上网查新闻？5. 比起乒乓球人们更喜欢什么运动？6. 这一段和十月革命有关系。
7. 在昏暗的大街上，他找不到可以求助的人。8. 你习惯与住在乡下吗？
9. 因特网对我们的生活方式有积极的影响。10. 在参加某项减肥项目前，你得考虑健康。
11. 如果你对你找到的信息没有把握，你可以查看其他网页进行核实。
12. 完成报告时，你应该记得附上你获得信息的网址清单。
七．单项选择
1. Letter boxes are much more _____ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. instead
2. It was already past midnight and only three young men ____ in the teahouse.
A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted
3. Be quick! There are only ten minutes ____.
A. to remain B. remained C. remaining D. to leave
4. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ____ poor.
A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues
5. It remains ____ whether he is suitable for the position.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
6. Please tell me how the accident ____. I am still in the dark.
A. was occurred B. was happened C. came upon D. came about
7. It suddenly _____ to me that they went there by bike.
A. occurred B. happened C. took place D. looked
8. The boy has _____ a fine knowledge of geography by careful study.
A. required B. inquired C. acquired D. addressed
9. Jane has ____ a good knowledge of Chinese by reading lots of original works.
A. reading B. acquired C. studied D. learned
10. Her usual talent ____ her worldwide reorganization.
A. gained B. were C. get D. was
11. We must ___ ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
A. deal with B. work out C. solve D. address
12. When I was young, I was always ____ to my elder brother wherever he went.
A. attached B. attacked C. attended D. surrounded
13. We should ____ importance to job training.
A. concentrate B. devote C. attach D. emphasize
14. Fitness is important in sports, but of at least ____ importance are skills/
A. fair B. reasonable C. equal D. proper
15. He quickly became ____ to TV soap operas.
A. accustoming B. ashamed C. addicted D. accomplished
九．课文复述
1） Summary of The effects of the internet on our lives
Main idea of the passage The effects of the Internet has on our lives
Main idea of the first debate Main idea of paragraph 1 State his view—the Internet has positive effects on our lives.
Main idea of paragraph 2 Make his point—the Internet is valuable for people who are looking for information.
Main idea of paragraph 3 Why the opposite side’s view is wrong.
Main idea of paragraph 4 Make his point—the Internet gives us ability to build groups online and form friendships.
Main idea of paragraph 5 conclusion
Main idea of the second debate Main idea of paragraph 1 State his view—the Internet has negative effects on our lives.
Main idea of paragraph 2 Make his point—uncontrolled information is on the Internet.
Main idea of paragraph 3 Make his point—the Internet affects people’s private lives.
Main idea of paragraph 4 Make his point—using the Internet a lot can damage people’s ability to live normal lives..
Main idea of paragraph 5 conclusion
十．作文
假如你是高中三年级的学生张明，随着广告业的发展，广告已与我们的生活息息相关。但是广告是利是弊？请根据下列两组讨论意见，用英语写一篇文章，并简要说明自己的看法。

Group A Group B
●虚假广告太多，坑害消费者●占用报刊太多的版面，浪费纸张●占用电视、广播太多的时间●应该取缔 ●广告能指导消费，使消费者了解商品●广告也能给人以艺术享受●但广告太多会使人心烦●应当适当发展，提高质量

注意：1 对所给要点，不要简单翻译，可适当发挥；
2 字数100-150。短文中开头已写好，不计入词数。
With the development of advertising, ads have been connected with people’s life. Is it good or bad We had a discussion.
十一.任务型阅读
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题纸上。
Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for just three days!
The fast day would be a busy one. I should call to me all my dear friends and look long into their faces, imprinting(刻上) upon my mind the outward evidences of the beauty that is within them, I should let my eyes rest, too, on the face of a baby, so that I could Catch a vision of the eager, innocent beauty which precedes the individual's consciousness of the conflicts which life develops.
And I should like to look into the loyal, trusting eyes of my dogs--the serious, clever little Scottie, Darkie, and the strong, understanding Great Dane, Helga, whose warm, tender, and playful friendships are so comforting to me.
On that busy first day I should also view the small simple things of my home. I want to see the warm colors in the carpets under my feet, the pictures on the walls, the lovely small furniture that transforms a house into home. My eyes would rest respectfully on the books in dot-raised type which I have read, but they would be more eagerly interested in the printed books which seeing people can read, for during the long night of my life the books I have read and those which have been read to me have built themselves into a great shining lighthouse, showing me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit.
In the afternoon of that first seeing day, I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate (使陶醉) my eyes on the beauties of the world of Nature trying desperately to absorb in a few hours the vast brilliance which is presenting itself to those who can see. On the way home from my woodland trip, my path would lie close to a farm so that I might see the patient horses ploughing in the field and the peaceful content of men living close to the soil. And I should pray for the glory of a colorful sunset.
When dusk had fallen, I should experience the double delight of being able to see by artificial light which the genius of man has created to extend the power of his sight when Nature brings darkness.
In the night of that first day of sight, I should not be able to sleep, so full would be my mind of the memories of the day!
(by Helen Keller)
The first day what Helen Keller would do (1) _________ given three days to see
In the morning ● Look long into the faces of all her dear friends so that she would never (2) _______ the evidences of their beauty● Catch a vision of the eager, innocent beauty of a baby by resting her eyes on his face.● Look into the loyal, trusting eyes of her (3) __________● View the small simple things of her home such as warm colors, pictures, trifles.● Fix her eyes with (4)_____ on the books in raised type she has read and the printed books for seeing people with interest.
In the afternoon ● (5) _________ in the woods; intoxicate her eyes on the beauties of the world of Nature and absorb in a few hours the vast brilliance of the world.● Walk (6) ________ a farm, see the patient horses ploughing in tile field and the peaceful content of men living close to the soil.● Pray for the glory of a colorful sunset.
In the (7)_______ Experience the double delight of being able to see, (8) ___________ by man-made light.
At night (9) _________ to sleep, so full would be her mind of the memories of the day!
From the passage we know in spite of her (10)____________ Helen Keller' was still full of love for life.
参考答案
一．单词应用
1. negative, positive 2. current 3. addicted 4. common 5. appearance 6 .false 7. occurred 8. consulting 9. popularity 10. involve 11. consideration 12. forecast 13. acquired 14. frequently 15. skeptical 16. accurate
17. disconnected 18. accustomed 19. advantages 20 .reasonable
二．词形转换
1. historical 2. length 3. application 4. purify 5. relieve 6. physical
7. chemical 8. unable 9. transparently 10. adjustment
三．选词填空
1. in need of 2.deal with 3.keep in touch with 4.make out 5.Turn to
6. get accustomed to 7. make sense 8. make of 9.have an effect on 10.be addicted to,
五．语法应用
1-5: DBABC 6-10 CDCBC 11-15 CBCAB 16-20 ACBBD 21-25 BDDAB
六．翻译句子
1. The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.2. Keep in touch with family members wherever you are in the world.
3. Although he has limited technical knowledge; the old worker has a lot of experience.
4. What percentage of people turn to the Internet for breaking news
5. What sport do people prefer table tennis to 6. This paragraph relates to the October Revolution.
7. In the dark street, there was nobody he could turn to for help.8. Are you accustomed for living in the countryside 9. The internet will have positive effect on our way of life.
10. You should always take you health into consideration before beginning a new weight-loss programme.11. If you find information you are not sure about, consult other web pages to confirm the information.12. When you are finished, you should always attach a list of the sites you got your information from.
七．单项选择
1-5 ABCBBD 6-10 DACBA 11-15 DACCC
九．课文复述
2)1.negative 2.value 3.search 4.knowledge 5.friendships 6.ties
7. uncontrolled 8.change 9.useless 10.private
3) debate cons friendships social municate negative drawbacks
uncontrolled change affecting amount
十．Writing
With the development of advertising, ads have been connected with people’s life. Is it good or bad We had a discussion. Some people think advertisements don’t tell the fact about the products advertised. Also, they take up too much time on TV and the radio, and cover too much space in newspapers and magazines, which waste a lot of paper. What’s worse, there are some false advertisements that cheat people into buying their things. Therefore, they believe advertisements should be stopped.
Some other people think advertisements can help us make better choices about what to buy by offering us the latest information about various goods. Moreover, many well-done advertisements are popular and entertaining, which appeal to the consumers. However, too many advertisements can be annoying. So we should develop advertising properly.
In my opinion, ads is like a two-side sword. Anyway, we can be wise if weare able to distinguish between fiction and fact.
十一.任务型阅读
1. if 2. forget 3. dogs 4. respect 5. Walk 6. past(by, on)
7. evening 8. helped(aided, assisted) 9. Unable 10. blindness (disability)2009年高三英语一轮复习教案及练习
Module 7 Unit 1
课文出现短语
1. keep in touch with
2. shortly after
3. contribute to
4. consider… to be
5. be superior to
6. have access to
7. come onto the market
8. combine…with
9. respond to
10. add…to
11. for the first time (ever)
12. spring up
13. wind up
14. move on to
15. It’s up to you to do sth 16. up to (three minutes)
17. look into
18. head for
19. stand for
20. in time for
21. a variety of
22. by means of
23. by accident
24. by mistake
25. up to date
26. capable of
27. in particular
28. above all
29. provide sb with sth.
30. be based on
31. concentrate on
32. not necessarily
33. be exposed to
34. the amount of
35. be equal to
36. part of
37. previous to
38. point out
39. be unwilling to do sth
40. be associated with
41. have faith in
42. for the time being
43. be confident of
44. in that cas
一．单词应用
根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。
1. This model is the newest and most up to date. It only w________ 60 grams.
2. That kind of electronic dictionaries is elegantly shaped, especially s__________ for people with a reading disability.
3. The latest models of mobile phones are on sale. Would you like to a__________ me to have a look
4. A_________, I appreciate for your invitation. But I’m too busy to go for it.
5. Our electrical bikes have good quality and a one-year g__________.
6. Who can still have f_________ in you despite your shortcomings
7. This is a big school containing about 2,000 students a_________
8. My son is now in America and I often make a l__________ call to him
9. I’m a new comer and not __________ (熟悉的) with the local customs.
10. He was charged for not having a _________ (有效的) driving licence.
11. Nobody has been responsible for the accident yet. The police are ______ ______ (调查) the case.
12. Can you tell me what UK _________ ________ (代表，象征)
13. The engineer __________ (要求) a meeting _________held to discuss this question.
14. It’s ________ _______ (由...决定) you to decide whether it’s in your budget or not.
15. ________ ________ ________ _______ (至于) learning English, he has no superiority.
16. You may purchase a _________ ________ (各种各样的) household appliances in our department store.
17. What he said does ________ _________ (未必) mean that he likes his present job.
18. On the whole, women are not _____ _____ (等于，相当于) men in physical strength.
19. His skin can’t ______ _______ _______ (暴露于，经受) the sun for such a long time.
20. Price of a product _____ usually _______ _______ (与...有关) its quality and brand.
二．词形转换
1. certain adj. ---___________ (n.) 2. superior adj. ---___________ (opp.)
3. apply v. ---_________ (n.) 4. delight n. ---_________ (adj.)
5. accompany v. ---____________ (n.) 6. suit v. ---__________ (adj.)
7. expose v. ---___________ (n.) 8. theory n. ---___________ (adj.)
9. parallel adj. ---__________ (n.) 10. honest adj. ---___________ (n.)
重点句型与高考
1. It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for colour broadcasts to begin in the USA.
A. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 此句型表示“某人做某事需花费多少时间”。句中take表示“花费”。 如：
1) _______ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the
ecosystem (生态系统) to recover.
A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once
答案D。一旦环境被破坏，生态系统需要经历多年才能恢复正常。
B．句中 though是副词，表示“然而”，通常用于句末。如：
1）---you do not seem to be quite yourself today. What is wrong
---Oh, I am suffering from a cold. Nothing serious,______
A. though B. indeed C. anyhow D. yet
答案A。这个题目考察的是though的用法，意思是“我感染了感冒，但是不严重”。though作副词，表转折，相当于however,一般放在句末。也就是说，这里的though是副词，副词一般用于句末,而做连词的时候，一般不用于句末。yet在表示虽然，但是的时候，是连词，而不是副词 。
2. It is reported that in 1998,66 per cent of households in the USA had cable TV.
It is reported that…为固定句型，表示“据报道,…”，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。此种句型常可转换为“As is reported,…”。或“ sb. is reported to…”如：As is reported , in 1998, 66 per cent of households in the USA had cable TV. 或 66 per cent of households in the USA are reported to have had cable TV in 1998.
类似的句型还有以下一些：
　　It is reported that …
　　It is said that …
　 It is thought that …
　　It is considered that…
如：
1）Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) ________ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. [2007 重庆卷]
A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought
答案B。据说达芬奇（1452-1519）常买些关在笼中的鸟儿并将其放生以求其乐。
2）AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.[2006 湖北卷]
A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been
答案D。 据说，过去几年中 AIDS 一直是那个地区人们健康的最大威胁。
改错：As is reported that the storm is on the way.
答案：It is reported that the storm is on the way. 或 As is reported, the storm in on the way.
报道说，暴风雪即将到来/正在途中。
3．However, as one scientist has pointed out, DNA has the same qualities in all animals, and if the relation affects the genes in mice, it could also affect human beings.
句中as one scientist has pointed out 是由as 引导的非限制性定语从句，意为“正如一位科学家所指出的。”as 引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首或句末。此外，作为连词，as 还可引导时间，原因，让状语从句。
如：
1）他年纪越来越大，除了喜欢园艺外，对一切都失去了兴趣。
____ _____ _____ _____he lost interest in everything except gardening.
2）正如我们所知，闪光的东西不一定都是金子。
______ ______ _______, all that glitters is not gold.
3）因为下雨，他们乘车去了那儿。
____ ____ ____ ____, they went there by bus.
4) ____, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John..[2001 上海卷]
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled to much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled to much
答案：1）As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
2）As we know, all that glitters is not gold.
3）As it was raining, they went there by bus.
4）C．尽管我旅游过很多地方，我从没见过有谁能像约翰一样有能力。
完成句子
1.独自一人在家时，总是拿不定主意该做什么。
He is always ________ _________ what to do when he is at home alone.
2.一个国家的富裕程度应根据人们的健康、幸福以及可以生产的物质资料来衡量。
The weather of a country should ____ ___________ ____ the health and happiness of its people, as well as by materials it can produce.
3.我不太熟悉化学品的名称，这正是我经常在化学考试中得低分的原因。
I am not very ___________ ___________ the names of _________, which is why I often get a low mark in Chemistry examination.
4.申请工作时，你应当提供详细的个人资料。
When you ______ ____ a job, you should offer your personal information ________ __________.
5.自1999年开业以来，这家超市给我们带来了很大的便利。
The supermarket has brought us great _________ since 1999, when _____ ________.
6.雇员们要提高工资的要求遭到雇主的拒绝。
The employees’ demand ____ higher pays was ______ _____ by the employer.
7. 教授在几位助教的陪同下走进了报告厅。
The professor _____ ____the lecture hall ______________ by several assistant teachers.
8. 食物与身体息息相关，即食物供给身体所需的能量。
Food is closely _______ _____ the body. That is, food _________ the body __________ energy.
五．语法应用(Prepositions and prepositional phrases)
（一）介词的分类
1. 简单介词：at, by, for, from, in, of, on, to, with
2. 复合介词：into, onto, within, out of
3. 双重介词：from under, since before, until after
4. 短语介词：in front of, because of, ahead of, according to
注意：有的介词可以兼作副词（如：around, over等），有的介词可以兼作连接词（如：after, before, until等）。
（二）介词短语在句中的作用
介词往往和后面的宾语一起构成介词短语来充当以下成分：
1. 定语 The key to the door is still here.
2. 状语 The book is very popular with old people.
3. 表语 Japan is to the east of China.
4. 宾补 Make yourself at home.
（三）介词与某些词类的搭配
某些词类对介词有不同的要求，即要求有固定的介词与其搭配，构成固定用法。
1. 名词与介词的固定搭配常见的有：
1)要求to的名词：key, answer, visit, apology, introduction (the key to the test, business visits to America)
2)要求in的名词：interest, satisfaction, expert (an expert in teaching small children)
3)要求on的名词：mercy, congratulation
4)要求其它介词的名词：prize for, respect for, victory over, struggle with\against
5)注意：汉语“的”在英语中可以用多个介词来表达。如：
a friend of mine (of表“属于”) a ticket for tonight (for表“给……用”)
a story about Lei Feng (about表“关于”) a key to the door (to表“对于”)
a lecture on American history (on表“论述”)
2. 形容词与介词的固定搭配常见的有：
1)要求at的形容词：afraid, angry, good, bad, clever, terrified, surprised
2)要求of的形容词：afraid, sure, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy, certain
3)要求with的形容词：angry, strict, careful, busy, popular
4)要求in的形容词：weak, strict, rich, interested, successful
5)要求to的形容词：next, good, polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, married, close, near, similar, due
6)要求for的形容词：sorry, good, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, hungry
7)要求from的形容词：far, different, free, safe, absent, tired
8)要求about的形容词：sorry, worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain
9)注意：有时同一形容词与不同的介词搭配含义也不同。如：
He is good to her. 他对她友好。
It is good for her. 它对她有益。
单句改错
1. Scientists agree to each other that the development of TV will not stop.
2. The government has set up a working party to look up the problem of drug abuse.
3. The program I capable for calculating our budget for the year.
4. It’s up of you to determine whether it’s in your budget or not.
5. There are several new models in the market.
6. We finished the work just in time, thanks for their help.
7. Books are the most important records we keep in man’s thought, ideas and feelings.
8. John and Jenny are of the same age, but John is taller with a head.
9. In the afternoon of June 18, we’ll visit the school.
10. It’s really nice for you to come and see me.
单项选择
1．The old man was often seen ______ the street with his hands ______ on his chest.
A. cross; cross B. crosses; crossing C. cross; crossed D. cross, to cross
2. He left in a hurry, ______ the door unlocked.
A. from B. with C. for D. so
3. --- When do we need to pay the balance
--- __________ September 30.
A. In B. By C. During D. Within
4. The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now _____the matter.
A. seeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over
5. We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only _____ violence.（2007浙江卷）
A. runs into B. comes from C. leads to D. begins with
6. ---- when has the country been open to international trade
----1978, I suppose. （2007陕西卷）
A. Since B. In C. From D. After
7._____the silence for the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. (2007湖南卷)
A. In B. For C. Under D. Between
8.Experts have been warning of the health risks caused by passive smoking．（2007江西卷）
A. at a time B. at one time C. for some time D. for the time
9. Some students often listen to music ___ classes to refresh themselves. (2007四川卷)
A. between B. among C. over D. during
10.________ fire, all exits must be kept clear. （2007天津卷）
A. In place of B. Instead of C. In case of D. In spite of
1. I felt quite ________ what I was supposed to do then.
A. unsure of B. uncertain about C. certain D. sure
2. He said he would come; He didn’t ________.
A. even if B. even though C. although D. though
3. Can you telephone me _________ to arrange a meeting
A. at your convenience B. for your convenience
C. on your convenience D. with your convenience
4. They ________ invited if there had been room.
A. would have been all B. would have all been C. all would have been D. would all have been
5. They drove along with all the car windows ________.
A. wound up B. winding on C. winded up D. wind up
6. The mother died when the child was born, so it had to be brought up ________.
A. with a hand B. by hand C. by the hand D. at hand
7. Apply some medicine ________ his wound.
A. on B. for C. to D. in
8. The landlady led the way ________ the tenant around her house.
A. in showing B. showing C. into show D. showing in
9. Scientific experiments ________ students without the teacher’s instructions can be dangerous.
A. carry out B. carrying out by C. carrying by D. carried out by
10. ________ is known to us all, only the theory ________ practice can be practical.
A. Which, base on B. Which, based on C. As, based on D. As, basing on
11. --- How come a simple meal like this costs so much
--- We have ________ in your bill the cost of the teapot you broke just now.
A. added B. included C. obtained D. charged
12. Good workers are always ________ in the factory.
A. in demand B. on need C. by request D. for requirement
13. The situation is hard to ________, because he isn’t a man easy to ________.
A. be dealt, communicate B. be dealt with, be communicated
C. deal with, communicate with D. deal , be communicated with
14. ________ their friendship grew into love.
A. By degree B. By degrees C. To degree D. To degrees
15. She passed the entrance exam easily, _________ of her family.
A. with the delight B. with delight C. to the delight D. to the delights
16. In recent years, travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we
_____.
A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be
17. _____ and I’ll get the work finished.
A. Have one more hour B. One more hour
C. Give one more hour D. If I have one more hour
18. _____ fired, your health care and other benefit will not immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
19. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she ____ pale.
A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared
20. The water ____ cool when jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels
21. ____ good, the food was sold out soon.
A. Tasting B. tasted C. Being tasted D. Having been tasted
22. ____ he was the last man I wanted to see, I did all in my power to help him.
A. Now that B. Anyhow C. Though D. However
九．课文复述
1） Reading:
Title: TV and audio devices: a review
Early history of TV Three men made great 1 to the development TV between 1923 and 1927.
In 1925, the first public showings 2 TV transmissions were made, which was 3 by regular public broadcasting in 1928.
The modern age:cable TV, SatelliteTV, digital TV Cable TV came into use in 1948 in the USA, but only a few 4 had it at that time, while satellite TV 5 to broadcast TV in 1962.
Digital TV, which was introduced in 1996 when the first WebTV set top boxes came onto the 6 , is considered to be 7 than satellite TV.
Early history ofaudio devices Thomas Edison, the greatest 8 the world has ever seen, made the first recording of human voice in 1877.
The first record player was invented by Emile Berliner.
Tape recordersand players Two young Japanese engineers applied the 9 of transistor to create the transistor radio.
In 1929， the Walkman, a portable pocket-sized tape player was invented.
Sound goes digital In 1982, the first CDs were made 10 .
The next new development was the MD player in 1992.
十一. 任务型阅读
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空一词。
Some people succeed, while others may not. This is because some people possess certain qualities, which others do not.
The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, you must be optimistic. If you do not expect to win, you will not try as hard as those who do expect to win. You also need to have a clear aim and a reason for doing something because motivation is a key to achieving success. If you do not have an aim, then you will not be motivated to work hard and put your performance under the microscope to make sure that every detail is right.
Another quality that helps people succeed is creativity---thinking about things in a different way and wondering how others would do the same thing. Think about some successful people you know. They might be successful with a little creativity, but the most successful people are the most creative ones.
Reading is another to success, as it will help you learn about how other people have achieved success. If you want to learn how to set up a successful business, you should read books about people like Bill Gates and Jerry Yang, who have achieved amazing success in their areas of business.
Practicing is equally important if you want to success because practice makes perfect. Practise every day at whatever career you are in, and by doing so, you will see yourself, your business and your self-confidence begin to grow. If you feel confident about what you do, this confidence will make other people believe in you as well. Your colleagues will be happy to work with you, and your boss will give you more responsibility. Finally if you are a successful person, you will be able to look people in the eye and smile confidently.
Success is yours for the taking! Cheers!
Title (1) ?▲
Certain qualities Supporting details
(2) ?▲ ●Try hard (3) ?▲ people who do expect to win.●Have a clear aim and a reason for doing something because a key to achieving success is (4) ?▲ .
(6) ?▲ ● (5) ?▲ about things in a different way.●Study how other people would do the same thing.
Reading ●Help you know about how (7) ?▲ have achieved success.●Read books about (8) ?▲ people such as Bill Gates and Jerry Yang to encourage yourselves.
Practising ● (9) ?▲ the saying “practice makes perfect.”● (10) ?▲ _ in yourself and do what you want to do confidently.
十．Writing
阅读下面这封中学生来信
Dear Editor:
I am a new student at Haining Hongda Senior High School. My home is far from Haining, so I must live at school. This is the first time for me to get away from my parents. I feel very sad. When I left home, I couldn’t help tearing myself away from them. I do not want to be alone at school, and I am a shy girl. I have been crying in bed at night these days. I want to stay at home forever. I miss my parents very much. Could you tell me what to do
Your early reply is expected.
Regards
Amy
请根据以上内容，写一封回信（信的开头已为你好。词数120左右）。
回信应包括如下要点；
1．鼓励Amy坚定求学信心，志存高远，四海为家。
2．就Amy的目前状况，提两到三个建议。
Dear Amy:
Thank you for your letter. I am so glad to have a talk about your present situation with you.
参考答案
一．单词应用
1.weighs 2.suitable 3. accompany 4. Anyway/Anyhow/actually 5. guarantee
6.faith 7. altogether 8. long-distance 9. familiar 10. valid 11. looking into
12. stands for 13. demands/demanded, be 14. up to 15. In the case of/When it comes to
16. variety of 17. not necessarily 18. equal to 19. be exposed to 20. is, associated with
二．词形转换
1. certainty 2. inferior 3. application 4. delightful 5. company 6. suitable
7. exposure 8. theoretical 9. parallelism 10. honesty
三．选词填空
1. contributed to 2. were used to 3. came onto the market 4.wound up 5.applied …to
6. sprung up 7. headed for 8. was equal to
五．语法应用
改错1. agree toagree with 2. look uplook into 3. capable forcapable of
4. of to 5. inon 6. thanks forthanks to 7. in-of 8. with-by
9. InOn 10. forof
单项选择 C B B C C A A C A C七．单项选择
1-5 BDADA 6-10 BCADC 11-15 BACBC 16-20 CBBCC 21-22 BC
九．课文复述
1．contributions 2．wireless 3．followed 4.households 5．began
6．market 7．better 8．inventor 9.technology 10. available.
十．WritingDear Amy:Thank you for your letter. I am so glad to have a talk about your present situation with you.
People often miss their parents the first time they leave home. Most people do have to leave home for higher education or employment. You cannot live with your parents forever. I think you should realize that present separation will help your academic development and your improvement of personal ability.
You need to make friend on your school campus, sharing ideas with your classmates who are physically closest to you now. Maybe you will still miss your parents, but your new friends will bring you happiness and joy to your new life. Also I suggest you enjoy yourself by taking an active part in different kinds of activities in school. You will get much pleasure from it.
Wish you happy every day.
Faithfully yours
×××十一.任务型阅读
1. Success 2. Optimism 3. like 4. motivation 5. Think 6. Creativity 7. others 8. famous 9. Understand / Master 10. BelieveModule 7 Unit 4
新课标单词
课文出现短语
1. pick up
2. cause damage to
3. beneath the surface
4. far from
5. in use
6. why not do
7. go sightseeing
8. in the hope of
9. speed up
10. under repair
11. protect sb from danger
12. pay attention to
13. risk your life
14. avoid causing accidents
15. a couple of
16. drop off
17. choke off traffic
18. link up
19. set up
20. function as
21. permit sb to do
22. at a discount
23. make better use of
24. wash away
25. arise from
26. be aimed at
27. lead to crashes
28. watch out for
29. in need of
30. be up to sb
31. as it is known
32. lead to
33. accelerate the pace
34. be responsible for
35. in honor for
36. a place of interest
37. be made up of
38. make up for
39. cause deaths and injuries
40. traffic jam
41. be aware of
42. be fined for
43. be likely to
44. in good condition
一．单词应用
根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。
1. Up to now, many people have agreed that t____________ is an important part of our lives.
2. In the 19th century, s___________ trains helped people travel all over the world.
3. In the past, many old men don’t believe buses can carry people o_____________ long distance.
4. If you go to Britain, you will see the sign at the station, “welcome to the London u____________”.
5. Most trains went to the distant b___________ of the city in the northern part of the country.
6. Cars on the road can c___________ off traffic, so some experts don’t agree car’s mass production.
7. The first tunnels were just b______________ the surface of the ground.
8. Sometimes, traveling on these lines was very i______________. So you had better go by car.
9. Many caves in the mountains f____________ as bomb shelters during war times.
10. Some experts in this field think this helps make the system more u______________.
11.It is reported that the train lines were placed under the ___________（权力机构） of the Board.
12.It was interesting to know about the London ______________（地铁） developed.
13.The city has good air ____________（连接） with most large cities on the Chinese mainland.
14.The storms ______________(冲走) away soil along the road last night, which made children frightened
15.The deaths __________（发生，形成） from those accidents has increased in the past ten years.
16.We must all be ___________（意识到） of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.
17.You are ___________（违反） the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others.
18.It is ___________（由…决定） to all of us road users to make sure that we must avoid accident.
19.Many ___________（骑车的人） do not pay attention to the cars around them. so it can lead to accidents.
20.We must pay attention to road __________（安全）. Only in this way can we keep us safe.
三．选词填空
Lead to , in addition to , cause trouble , at a discount, get off, arise fromchock off, responsible for. in honour of, make up for, aim at speed up in the hope that , make better use of
1. __________ English, he has to study French.
2. where does this path ________
3. I’m afraid that boy is ____________.
4. She kept talking and nobody could _________.
5. Heavy rains were _________ storage of vegetables.
6. I have cooked a special meal________ our visitors.
7. I bought a ticket _______ and rode the underground four times.
8. I thought I could have a relaxing weekend to _________ all my hard work.
9. They _________ immediately after lunch.
10. This notice is ________ increasing people’s awareness of the problem.
11. Can we begin by discussing matters ____________ the last meeting
12. We’d better __________ if we want to be on time.
13 We must ________________ the resources we have.
14. Many skilled workers go abroad ______________ they can get better career opportunities.
句型拓展
1. However, most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. (P50) 但是大部分通往伦敦的火车只到伦敦城的远郊，因为在市区内修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。
Distant adj. far away: a distant country in the distant past/future
quite soon: They plan to have children in the not-too-distant future.
高考链接The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（2004全国）A. length B. distance C. way D. space答案：B
2. Unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic, and the road became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. (P50) 不幸的是马路上增加的车辆把道路堵得水泄不通，交通变得如此拥挤以致于每个人都寸步难行。
Choke n./ v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞
The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death.
引申：chock back 忍住，抑制 chock up 因激动等说不出话来
自我检测During the rush hours the roads are usually _____ up with traffic.A. chocked B. crowded C. blocked D checked 答案： A
3. The first tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground. (P50) 首批地铁隧道于1863年开通，他们紧靠地面。
beneath
prep. in or to a lower position than, under低于，在……之下
Jeremy hid the letter beneath a pile of papers.
比较：1) under prep. in or to a position below or lower than something else, often so that one thing covers the other:
He hid under the bed.
2) below adv., prep. in a lower position (than), under:
Do you usually wear your skirts above or below the knee
4. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. (P50) 16年后，于1884年大都会铁路公司于大都会区铁路公司取得联系共同为城市中部提供地铁服务。
Link v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas:
The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.
n. Their links with Britain are still strong.
link up They linked up two areas by telephone.
用法拓展: be connected with 与……相接，和……有联系
5. These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Underground’s development. (P50) 这些新的隧道开挖方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展脚步。
accelerated adj. 加速的
acceleration n. 加速度
自我检测A driver ______ his car when he makes it go faster or increased its speed.A. modifies B. duplicates C. accelerates D stimulates答案：C
引申：keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱
at a … pace 以……的速度
自我检测Many people complain of rapid ______ of modern life.A. rate B. speed C. pace D. growth答案：C
6. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, though, as each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other. (P50) 然而搭乘这些线路很不方便，因为每条线都分别各归其主而且许多线路之间相距甚远。
inconvenientadj.
inconvenience n. We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train.
7．After his acquisition of the lines, each one was given a name and most of the names are still used today. (P51) 收购后他给每条线起了名字，很多名字至今还在使用。
Acquire v. [T] to obtain sth.:
He acquired the firm in 1978.
acquisition n. [C or U]
I like your earrings - are they a recent acquisition (= did you get them recently)
8. The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in honor of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth’s crowning. (P51)
Honor a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty:
We fought for the honour of our country
n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect:
She received an honour for her services to the community.高考链接My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (2006陕西)A. in favor of B. in memory ofC. in honour of D. in search of答案：A
9. Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system. (P51)
permit (-tt-) v. [T] to allow sth.:
10. This includes dates or years in the order of the development. (P51)
order in order of以……的顺序
The children lined up in order of age/height.
高考链接You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______. (2006广东) A. date B. shape C. order D. balance答案：B
12. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times. (P53)
discount
at a discount 打折
自我检测They sell the sweater _______ a discount of 30 percent.A. on B. for C. at D. with答案：C
完成句子
1. 两家机构为了帮助贫穷儿童联合举办了一场慈善活动。）
The two organizations ______ _____ to hold a charity event for the poor children.
2. 这些新的挖掘方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展步伐。（accelerate the pace of）
These new ways of digging __________ _____ ______ ______the London underground’s development.
3. 一般说来，人们喜欢买各种各样的减价商品。（discount）
_________ _____ , people like to buy all kinds of things _____ ____ ________.
4. 因缺乏交流而引发的家庭问题越来越多。（arise from）
There are more and more family problems ______ _________ __________ ________ _________communication.
5. 由于不知道坐哪路车，她向我们求助。（not knowing）
Not knowing which bus to take, she ______ ________ ______ _________ _________.
五．语法应用
非谓语动词
v-ing形式作定语
1. 单个的v-ing形式可以作前置定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题
2. 作定语的v-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
3. 某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing形式，必须用定语从句。
① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。
昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。
【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.
② v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。
被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
v-ed形式作定语
1. 单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.所有的坏门窗都修好了。
When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.
我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。
提示： 如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。
Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。
2. 带有修饰语或其他成分的v-ed形式一般都作后置定语，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
We have read many novels written by this author.
(= that are written by this author) 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。
Half of the honored guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors.
(= who had been invited to the reception)
被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
(= which was attended by one thousand students)
这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。
A woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge.
(= who was dressed like a lawyer)
一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。
v-ing 和v-ed形式作定语的区别
1．及物动词的-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的-ed 形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。
The group called Green Hand is trying to help the environment.
The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help the environment.
2．不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而v-ed形式表示动作已完成。
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起了的太阳
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 开水
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 fallen leaves 落叶
changing condition 变化着的情况 changed condition 改变了的情况
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家
不及物动词－ed形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。
an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯
a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人
a newly arrived guest = a guest who has just arrived 新来的客人
As adverbs
v-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 　　
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
(= After we have made full preparations...)
2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill...)
3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 　　
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.)
4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons...
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 　　
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
= Although they knew all this...
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 　　
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
v-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。
1 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful.
(= When the city is seen from the tower...)
Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.
(= After he was completely examined...)
有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.
一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。
When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame.
当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。
Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.
一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。
2 动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying.
(= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)
Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. (= As it was written in haste ...)
Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate.
(= Because we were excited by...)
3 动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated, water changes into steam.　 (= If water is heated...)
Given more time, he would be able to do better. (= If he was given more time ...)
Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.　
(= If she was compared with other professors...)
4 动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
(= Although they were exhausted by the running ...)
Laughed at by many people, he continued his research.
(= Even if he was laughed by ...)
为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。
Even if invited, I won't go. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。
Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart.
Unless invited, he will not come back to the company.
5 动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。
The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.
(= and he was surrounded …)
He went into the office, followed by some children.
(= and he was followed by some children)
练习
1. I smell something _________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice __________ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
3. There is nothing more I can try _________ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
4. The Town Hall _________ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed
5. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ___________ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
6. Please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated
7. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __________, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
8. ----Excuse me sir,where is Room 301
----Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ___________ you to your room.
A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing
9. He is a student at Oxford University, ____________ for a degree in computer science.
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying
10. ----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
----Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down.
A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled
11. “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
12. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures.
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest
13. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
14. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
15. ___________ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
16. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons __________ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
17. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old, saying that he was not the one _________.
A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _________since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have missed C. be missing D. have been missed
19. ________and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
20. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
21. ________with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
22. Faced with a bill for ＄10,000, _________.
A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John
23. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _________ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
24 ________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
25. ___________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
六．翻译句子
1.当我第一次从事这个工程的时候，我发现这个信息令人困惑，因为我不知道如何组织他。2.对于你推迟拜访，我感到非常的失望，但是我还是希望早点见到你。
3.因为陷入交通问题，他上班迟到了。4.每种方法都 被试过了，但是不起作用。
5.在法国出差的时候，他学会了法语。6.风暴冲走了道路两旁的土壤，而且道路的一部分正在维修中。7.在过去的几年中，道路事故的数量和由事故所导致的死亡数字快速增长。
8.我们必须意识到交通事故潜在的原因和采取行动取预防它。9.当心不要陷入泥浆中。
10.医生被控告违反专业伦理。
七．单项选择
1. One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________ in the number of natural disasters. (2003上海)
A. result B. account C. reason D. increase
2. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（2004全国）
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
3. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have __________ one-year-old twins at the head. (2004上海)
A. isolated B. separated C. divided D. removed
4 ---What do you want to do next We have half an hour until the basketball game.
---________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. (2004年浙江)
A. It just depends. B. It’s up to you. C. All right. D. Glad to hear that.
5. At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total. (2006年九江模拟题)
A. made B. to make C. making D. having made
6. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _______.（2006年湖南省高考）
A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using
7. _______ to the children living in poor areas, I have a happy childhood.
A. Compare B. Compared C. Comparing D. To compare
8. Don’t respond to any e-mails personal information, no matter how official they look.（2006年天津高考题）
A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning
9. —The English exam is not difficult, is it
—_______. Even Tom _______ to the top students failed in it. (2006年黄冈模拟题)
A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging
10. —We didn’t find the Blacks _____ the lecture.
—No one had told him about _____ a lecture the following day. (2006年苏州模拟题)
A. to attend; there to be B. attend; there being
C. attended; there be D. attending; there was
11. Only _______ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective. (06连云港)
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken
12. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked around as if____ whether he was going in the right direction. (2006年盐城模拟题)
A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen
13. —Is there any possibility of the film____ in Paris International Festival
—Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it. (2006年江宁中学模拟题)
A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out
14. —Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening (2006年海安中学模拟题)
—Sorry, Tom. _______ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.
A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared
15. —O’Neal works hard. (2006年浙江模拟题)
—So he does. He is often seen _____ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.
A. to be sweated B. sweated C. be sweated D. sweating
16. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out.（06陕西）
A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling
17. AIDS is said _______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.（2006年湖北省高考题）
A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been
18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.（2006年山东省高考题）
A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
19. _______ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（2006年广东省高考题）
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
20. _______ from his _______ look, I know he would accept the decision without any consideration.
A. Judge, pleased B. Judged, pleasure C. Judging, pleasant D. Judging, pleased
十．Writing
根据下面的材料完成一篇短文,并发表自己的观点。
注意：1. 字数: 150字左右。开头已写好，不记入总词数。
2. 可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
首届中国城市公共交通周活动于2007年9月16日至22日进行。这项活动在北京、上海、天津等108个城市同时开展。活动期间，参加的城市大力倡导绿色交通理念，号召市民选择步行、自行车、公共交通等绿色交通方式出行。目的是为了提高交通质量、缓解交通压力、提高居民节能与环保的意识。
On september22, 2007, more than 100 cities in China joined the national No Car Day activity.
_______________________________________________________________________________
十一.任务型阅读
For centuries people dreamed of going into space. This dream began to seem possible when high-flying rockets were built in the early 1900s.
In 1903 a Russian teacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky figured out how to use rockets for space travel. His plan was the first one in rocket science to use correct scientific calculation. About 30 years later, a U.S. scientist named Robert Goddard built the first rockets that could reach high altitudes. During World War II, German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives. After the war, scientists from Germany went to the United States and the Soviet Union to help those countries build space rockets.
These two countries were soon racing to get to space first. Each of these countries wanted to prove that it was stronger and more advanced than the other one. Both countries also had powerful bombs. People in the United States were worried when the Soviets were first to launch a space satellite, which was called Sputnik. The Soviets were also first to send a person into space. Yury Gagarin orbited the earth in the Vostok I spaceship in 1961.
The US government set a goal for its space program to be the first country to put a person on the Moon. The U.S. space program built a series of Apollo spaceship. These vehicles were powered by huge Saturn 5 rockets. In 1969 Apollo II took three men to the moon successfully. Nell Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.
The Soviets may have lost the race to fly people to the Moon, but they built the first space station in 1971. The United States also built a space station. The space stations allowed people to live and work in space. Then the Soviet Union and the United States cooperated to hook two spaceships together in space. This action ended the "space race". Today a much larger space station, built by several countries together, orbits Earth.
Another new way to go to space is by space shuttle. A space shuttle, first made in the United States in 1981, looks like an airplane. Astronauts who fly spaceships have used shuttles to help put satellites into space.
History of space travel
Time Events Information concerned
Early 1900s High-flying rockets were built. It made the ancient dream of going to space possible to come 1) ▲
1903 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (2) ▲ a way to use rockets for space travel. He planned to put correct scientific calculation to use in rocket science.
Around (3) ▲ Robert Goddard built new rockets. The rockets could fly very(4) ▲ in the sky.
During and after World War II German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives. Germany was ahead of all the other countries in building space rockets and later it even offered5) ▲ to the Soviet Union and the United States
The Soviet Union and the United States competed to get to space first. The Soviet Union became the(6) ▲ of the race when it launched the first satellite and sent the first astronaut into space.
1969 The United States (7) ▲ in putting a person on the moon. In one way, it (8) ▲ the Soviet Union by becoming the first country to fly people to the moon.
1970s The Soviets built the first space station and was soon followed by Americans. And they finally ended the "space race" by(9) ▲ Astronauts can live and work in space stations.
1980s-- Space shuttles are used as new vehicles for space （10) ▲ . Shuttles are also used to help put satellites into space.
参考答案
一．单词拼写
1. transport 2. steam 3. over 4. underground 5. boundary 6. choke
7. beneath 8. inconvenient 9. functioned 10. user-friendly. 11. authority
12．Underground 13．connection 14．washed 15．arising 16．aware
17．violating 18．up 19．cyclists 20．Safety
二．词形转换
1. comparison 2. effect 3. patience; impatient 4. concentrate 5. steadily
6. invitation; inviting 7. awareness; unaware 8. expected; expectation
9. permission 10. fortunate 11.connection 12. irresponsible 13.reliable
14.distance 15.expand 16.convenience 17.separately
三．选词填空
1. In addition to 2. lead to 3. causing trouble 4.choke her off 5. responsible for
6. in honor of 7. at a discount 8. make up for 9. got off 10. aimed at
11. arising from 12. speed up 13. make better use of 14. in the hope that
五．语法应用
1-5AADCB 6-10 DAABB 11-15AADBB 16-20AD ABA 21-25 AAB BC
六．翻译句子
1. When I first undertook the project, I found the information confusing because I didn’t know how to organize it 2. I am disappointed that you are postponing your visit next week, but I expect I will see you soon.3. Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work
4. Every means has been tired out, but it doesn’t work.
5. He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
6. The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair.
7. The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.8. We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.9. Be careful not to step in the mud.10. The doctor has been accused of violating professional ethics.
七．单项选择
1-5 DBBBC 6-10 BBCCB 11-15 BCDBD 16-20 ADACD
十．Writing
On september22,2007, more than 100 cities in China joined the national No Car Day activity. People in these cities were encouraged to take public transport, ride bikes or walk to their destinations during this period.
The reasons for the campaign are as follows:
First, it goes without saying that this activity may help a little to ease the traffic jams. As is known to all, many cities in China suffer traffic jams. Cars are crawling bumper-to-bumper on the streets and the speed is very low. As a result, many people are late for work and students for school. Second, it is aimed at raising residents’ awareness about energy saving and environment protection because air pollution is very serious in some big cities.
As students, we should make people become aware of the importance of holding a “No Car Day”. Besides, we should persuade the car owners we are familiar with to use cares as little as possible and do our best to create environmentally friendly living conditions.
十一.任务型阅读
1. true 2. discovered/found 3. 1933 4. high 5. help 6. winner
7. succeeded 8. beat/defeated 9. cooperation/cooperating 10. travel