省略与倒装(山东省德州市)
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省略与倒装
省略
为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语。
1.简单句中的省略。
(1)所有格之后的名词如为住宅、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略。
例如：She is going to her uncle’s (house).她去舅舅家。
Today I met her at the tailor’s (shop).今天我在裁缝店碰见她。
(2)there+be结构中的引导词there以及谓语be，或同时省略，或省略there。
例如：(There are)No gains without pains.不劳无获。
(Is there)Anything wrong 怎么啦
(3)独立主格结构中的分词如为being或having been时，则多省去不用，意义不受影响。
例如：The meeting(being)over,we all left the room.会议结束后我们都离开了房间。
Books (having been)carried,we went to our school.拿着书本我们就去上学了。
(4)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式可省去to。
例如：Her job is to take care of the children and (to) wash clothes.她的工作是照看孩子和洗衣服。
(5)主(宾)语补足语中的to be往往省略。
例如：We found the problem(to be) serious.我们发现问题严重。
He was thought (to be) the cleverest boy in the group.大家认为在小组中他最聪明。
2.并列句子的省略。
(1)并列句中后面的分句只要与前边的分句有相同的词语，不管它在句子中作何种成分，都可以省略。
例如：His father is a doctor,and his mother(is) a nurse.
They don’t go to the Summer Palace,neither do I (go to the Summer Palace).
(2)特别是在动词appear,believe,expect,fear,hope,seem,suppose,trust,think,或词组be afraid后面，表示肯定时用so,表示否定时可用not。
例如： I think you’ll win the race;indeed we all think so.我认为你一定会赢得这场比赛，事实上我们都这样想。
I’m not sure she isn’t coming, but I suppose.
我不能肯定她不来，但我想是这样。
3.从句中的省略。
(1)宾语从句。
以which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句在其谓语与主句谓语相同时，可省略全部谓语，甚至主语也省略，仅保留一个wh?词。
例如：She will go to Beijing, but I don’t know when(she will go to Beijing.)她将去北京但我不知道她何时去。
She can’t come,but I don’t know why (she can’t come). 她不能来，但我不知道为什么她不能。
(2)定语从句。
定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词。在非正式文体中，也可省略关系副词when和why。
关系代词as后面的主谓结构也可省略。
例如：I shall never forget the day(when) I entered Tsinghua University.
我永远不会忘记我进清华的日子。
I like the novel for the very reason (why) you dislike it.
我喜欢那本小说的原因恰恰是你不喜欢它的原因。
He gave the same answer as before(=as he had given before).他的回答如前。
(3)状语从句。
在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中，如果主语与主句主语一致，或者主语是it, 那么动词be及其主语通常可省略。
例如：He likes sports when(he was)a child.他从小就爱好运动。
I did not notice it until (it was) too late.很晚了我才注意到它。
The river is clean where(it is)deep.这条河流的深处是干净的。
Improve your paper where(it is)possible.尽可能地修改你的论文。
Although(he was)the youngest of the class,he won all the prizes.尽管他在全班最年轻，他获得了所有的奖。
He opened his mouth as if (he were)to speak.他张开嘴似乎要讲话。
He won’t come unless(he is)invited.只有邀请他，他才来。
than和as引导的比较状语从句，如果意义明确，than和as后面的任何部分都可省略。
例如：He eats more than(what) is good for him.他总是吃得过多。
I know you better than (I know) him.我了解你胜过了解他
倒装
一 完全倒装
谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种：
1． 表示方式或方位的副次货介词短语，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,off,away,out,in the room.on the wall 等,置于句首。如：
In a lecture half of a university in England sits a professor.
In this chapter will be found the answers to those questions.
South of the river lies a small factory.
Out rushed the children.
Away flew the plane.
2． Such 置于句首时。如:
Such was Albert Einstein ,a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。如：
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
二．部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装，这类句型主要也有三种：
1． only修饰副词，介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如：
Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only when her returned did we find out the truth.
使用特点：
（1） 在部分倒装句中，如果位于部分无助动词， 则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。
(×)Only after the war learned he the sad news.
(√)Only after war did he learn the sad news.
(2)only修饰状语从局势，从句不可倒装。
(×)Only when did he return did we find out the truth.
. (√)Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
(3) only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。
(×)Only can he answer the question.
(√)Only he can answer the question.
2. 否定副词 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等置于句首时。如：
Never before have I seen such a moving film. = I have never seen such a moving film before.
Not a single mistake did he make. = He didn’t make a single mistake.
Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.= I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.
3 六个重要的固定句型：
（1）…；so +be/have/助动词 / 情态动词/ +主语“…也是如此。”如：
They love have lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.
使用特点：
① 此句型也可写成…,and so + be /have/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，或…助动词+主语
② 如果句意不是“…也是如此”，而仅是对前内容的肯定或附和（此时的so =indeed
），那么，句子则不可使用倒装.。试比较：
A: I was afraid.(句中的I指的是说话者A)
B: So was I.
（I指的是B; 此句意为I was afraid too）
A: I was afraid. (I 指的是 A)
B: So you were.
(you指的也是A; 此句意为 Indeed you were afraid.)
在比较几个句子：
He came last night, and so did I.
她昨晚来了，我也来了。
A: It is hot A: 天真热。
B: So it is. B:的确如此
A: he is lazy. A:她真懒
B: So is she. B: 她也一样
（2）…；neither(或nor) + be/ have /助动词/情态动词 +主语“…也不这样”。
Lily can’t ride; neither(nor) can Lucy.
使用特点：
此句型也可写成。
① …；and neither（或 nor） +be/ have /助动词/ 情态动词+主语，或 … Neither(或nor) +be/have/助动词/ 情态动词+主语。
此句型中的neither(或nor)不可用so… not替代，但可用not… either改写。如：
(×)I have never been abroad.So hasn’t he.
(√)I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has he.
(√)I have never been abroad. He has never/not been abroad, either.
(3) So+ adj./adv. …that…“如此…以至于…”。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
使用特点：
在这个句型种，so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装。
（4）Neither …nor…“…不，也不…”。
由于Neither和nor都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。
（5）Not only…, but also… “不仅…而且…”.
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
使用特点：
此句型也可写成Not only… but …或Not only… but… as well的形式但引导的句子必须用正常语序。
(6) Not until…“直到…才…”。
Not until he returned did we have supper.
使用特点：
这句话可改写成We didn’t have supper until he returned.再如
Not until 10:00 in the morning can he fall asleep. =He can’t fall asleep until 10:00in the morning .
如果Not until引导的是句子，until从句的主谓不可倒装而是逐句学要倒装。
三， 形式倒装
形式上的倒装语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只要把强调的内容提至句首，主为并不倒装。 这样的结构非常多，但有三个重要的句型需要特别留意：
1． 感叹句
What an interesting talk they have!
How interesting their talk was!
使用特点：
对名词（或中心此是名词）感叹时，用what引导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用how引导 .
2. the more …the more…句型
The more you listen to English , the easier it becomes
使用特点：
（1）此句型种的 more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级，要灵活使用。如：
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
（2） 此句型中的第一个the more引导的相当于一个条件状语从句，第二个the more引导的相当于一个主句。所以 上面例句的意思实质上是 If you work hard ,you will make greater progress.
3. whatever however + adj /adv.引导的让步状语从句的举行。
GO to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford. However difficult the problem may be , we must work it out this evening.
使用特点：
（1）whatever 的后面也可以接名词受many或much修饰，则必须把whatever换成however。试比较
Whatever reasons you have , you should carry out your promise.无论你有什么理由，你都应当遵守诺言。
However many difficulties you meet with , you should try to overcome them. 无论你遇到多少困难，你应当设法克服。
（2）可以改写成而意义不变。如上句便可写成：No matter how many difficulties you meet with , you should try to overcome them.
基础题
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumpedB. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr BrownB. Mr Brown in came
C. In came heD. came in Mr Brown
3.Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling the goatB. rolled the goat
C. did the goat rollD. the goat rolled
4.—Where is my shirt, mum
—_________.
A. There is itB. There it is
C. There isD. Here is it
5. —Where is your father
—Oh, ________.
A. here he comesB. he here comes
C. here does he comeD. here comes he
6.The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an old man
B. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter
D. an old man entered
7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will esC. has comeD. there is
8.Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advisedB. advised me
C. did we adviseD. had we advised
9.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys
B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room
D. Inside the room was two boys
10. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. are hangingB. hanged
C. hangD. hangs
11._______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier
B. Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldier was
D. Among they was a soldier
12. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an old man
B. does an old man live
C. lives an old man
D. where lives an old man
13.She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of us does
B. every one of us does
C. so does every one of us
D. so do every one of us
14.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so you do
B. so he does; so do you
C. so does he; so do you
D. so does he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting.
—__________.
A. So we were
B. So we did
C. So were we
D. So did we
16.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.
A. nor will Mary
B. and Mary doesn’t
C. Mary will either
D. or Mary does
17. She is fond of cooking, _____I .
A. so amB. nor am C. neither doD. nor do
18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .
A. So it was with Engles
B. So was it with Engles
C. So was Engles
D. So did Engles
19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.
A. So does a man
B. So will a man
C. So it is with a man
D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed _______ the work that she often forgot to _____ her meals.
A. had she been in; do
B. she was in; make
C. was she in; take
D. she had been in ; have
21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him.
A. did he speak
B. did he spoke
C. spoke he
D. he spoke
22. __________ his apperance that no one could recognize him.
A. Strange so was
B. So strange was
C. Was so strange
D. So was strange
23.Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change
B. they changed
C. changed they
D. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeingB. had I seen
C. I have seenD. have I seen
25.Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watchB. are they watching
C. have they watchedD. do they watch
26.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A. the flowers were so beautiful
B. were the flowers so beautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers
D. so beautiful the flowers were
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished heB. he had finished
C. did he finishD. had he finished
28.Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into the classroom.
A. had they; thanB. they had; when
C. had they; whenD. did they; when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he madeB. does he make
C. he madeD. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit his mistake.
A. had he begunB. began he
C. did he beginD. does he begin
31. _____, I will help you with your work.
A. If I am possible B. If it possible C. If possibleD. Possible
32. —Do you follow me —Yes, _____.
A. it is good B. I will C. perfectlyD. very good
33. —How are you getting on with your work
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
A. plans B. planning C. plannedD. to plan
34. —Are you a teacher
—No, but I _____. I worked in a middle school for three years.
A. amB. will C. do D. was
35. —How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010
—There will be only a few, if _____.
A. much B. some C. anyD. many
36. —Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday
—Well, I_____, but I forgot it.
A. shouldB. must C. should haveD. must have
37. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine _____.
A. like directedB. to be directed
C. as directedD. so that directed
四.答案
1—5 CABBA 6—10 BBBDA
11—15 BCCBA 16—20 BAACC
21—25 ABADD 26—30 BDCDC
31-37 CCCDCCC
提升题：
1.------It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.
------ My God! ________ .
A.So did I B. So I did C . So were you D . So did you
2.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
3.Not a single song ______at yesterday’s party.
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing
4.________can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work
D. Now that he works hard
5.------You forgot your purse when you went out.
------- Good heavens, _________
A. So did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
6.Not only _______interested in football but _______beginning to show an interest in it.
A.the teacher himself is…all his students are
B.the teacher himself is…are all his students
C.is the teacher himself… are all his students
D.is the teacher himself…all his students are
7.Only when the war was over_______to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return
B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier
D. the young solider did return
8. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _______.
A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white
9.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_______with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled
10. Only when your identity has been checked, _______.
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow on
D. will you be allowed in
11. Nowhere else in the world _______ a better and cheaper camera than in our shop .
A. do you buy B. you can buy C. you will buy D. can you buy
12. You say he works very hard. ________and __________.
A.So he does; so do you
B.So does he : so you do
C.So he does ; so you do
D.So does he : so dp you
13. Nowhere else ___________such perfect silence _______in these mountains.
A. there is ; like B. there is ; as C. is there : as D. is there : like
14. _________entered the office he realized that he had forgotten his report.
A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had
15. -------You seem to have known all about the accident.
------- ___________
A. So I have B. So I do C. So have I D. So do I
16. So seriously _______in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once.
A. he was wounded B. was he hurt C. he did injure D. did he hurt
17. Never before in China _________for the teacher.
A. has done so much B. has been so much
C. so much has been done D has so much been done
18. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
19. She never laughed ,________lose temper.
A. or she ever did B. nor did she ever
C. or did she ever D. nor she ever did.
20. Not a single word ______at the meeting .
A. did he say B. has he said C. he said D. he has said
21. So loudly _________that everyone of the class could hear him .
A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke
22. Hardly __________when the bus suddenly pulled away
A.they had got to the bus stop
B.they got to the bus stop
C.did they get to the bus stop
D.had they got to the bus stop.
23. Only when ______possible to settle the problem.
A.does the chief editor come will it be
B.the chief editor comes will it be
C.has the chief editor come it will be
D.the chief editor comes it will be
24. __________, we would have taken raincoats with us.
A. Had we known B We had known it C .If we were known D .If we know
25. Here _______you .
A. is a ticket for B. has a ticket C. is a ticket of D. has a ticket of
26. ___________, he knows much.
A. Young he is B. Young as he is C. As young he isD. Young as is he
27._________you , I would look for such a chance.
A. If I was B. Was I C. Were I D. If I am
28. When fall comes ,________.
A. down leaves fall B. down fall leaves C. down fell leaves D. down leaves fell
29. No sooner __________the telephone rang.
A, had he got home then
B. he had got home than
C. had he got home than
D. he had got home then
30. Be quiet . ___________.
A,There comes he
B,There he comes
C,There Xiao Wang comes
D,There come Xiao wang
31________my advice , you would have failed.
A, Had you not taken
B, hadn’t you taken
C, Not you had taken
D, You hadn’t taken
32. So hard _________that he made great progress.
A. he studied B. he studies C. did he study D. does he study
答案： 1 B 2 D 3 C 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 C 9 C 10 D11 D 12 A 13 C 14 C 15 A 16 B 17 D 18 D 19 B 20 A21.A 22 C 23 B 24 A 25A 26 B 27 C28 B 29 C30 B 31 A 32 C
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省略与倒装
省略
为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语。
1.简单句中的省略。
(1)所有格之后的名词如为住宅、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略。
例如：She is going to her uncle’s (house).她去舅舅家。
Today I met her at the tailor’s (shop).今天我在裁缝店碰见她。
(2)there+be结构中的引导词there以及谓语be，或同时省略，或省略there。
例如：(There are)No gains without pains.不劳无获。
(Is there)Anything wrong 怎么啦
(3)独立主格结构中的分词如为being或having been时，则多省去不用，意义不受影响。
例如：The meeting(being)over,we all left the room.会议结束后我们都离开了房间。
Books (having been)carried,we went to our school.拿着书本我们就去上学了。
(4)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式可省去to。
例如：Her job is to take care of the children and (to) wash clothes.她的工作是照看孩子和洗衣服。
(5)主(宾)语补足语中的to be往往省略。
例如：We found the problem(to be) serious.我们发现问题严重。
He was thought (to be) the cleverest boy in the group.大家认为在小组中他最聪明。
2.并列句子的省略。
(1)并列句中后面的分句只要与前边的分句有相同的词语，不管它在句子中作何种成分，都可以省略。
例如：His father is a doctor,and his mother(is) a nurse.
They don’t go to the Summer Palace,neither do I (go to the Summer Palace).
(2)特别是在动词appear,believe,expect,fear,hope,seem,suppose,trust,think,或词组be afraid后面，表示肯定时用so,表示否定时可用not。
例如： I think you’ll win the race;indeed we all think so.我认为你一定会赢得这场比赛，事实上我们都这样想。
I’m not sure she isn’t coming, but I suppose.
我不能肯定她不来，但我想是这样。
3.从句中的省略。
(1)宾语从句。
以which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句在其谓语与主句谓语相同时，可省略全部谓语，甚至主语也省略，仅保留一个wh?词。
例如：She will go to Beijing, but I don’t know when(she will go to Beijing.)她将去北京但我不知道她何时去。
She can’t come,but I don’t know why (she can’t come). 她不能来，但我不知道为什么她不能。
(2)定语从句。
定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词。在非正式文体中，也可省略关系副词when和why。
关系代词as后面的主谓结构也可省略。
例如：I shall never forget the day(when) I entered Tsinghua University.
我永远不会忘记我进清华的日子。
I like the novel for the very reason (why) you dislike it.
我喜欢那本小说的原因恰恰是你不喜欢它的原因。
He gave the same answer as before(=as he had given before).他的回答如前。
(3)状语从句。
在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中，如果主语与主句主语一致，或者主语是it, 那么动词be及其主语通常可省略。
例如：He likes sports when(he was)a child.他从小就爱好运动。
I did not notice it until (it was) too late.很晚了我才注意到它。
The river is clean where(it is)deep.这条河流的深处是干净的。
Improve your paper where(it is)possible.尽可能地修改你的论文。
Although(he was)the youngest of the class,he won all the prizes.尽管他在全班最年轻，他获得了所有的奖。
He opened his mouth as if (he were)to speak.他张开嘴似乎要讲话。
He won’t come unless(he is)invited.只有邀请他，他才来。
than和as引导的比较状语从句，如果意义明确，than和as后面的任何部分都可省略。
例如：He eats more than(what) is good for him.他总是吃得过多。
I know you better than (I know) him.我了解你胜过了解他
倒装
一 完全倒装
谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种：
1． 表示方式或方位的副次货介词短语，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,off,away,out,in the room.on the wall 等,置于句首。如：
In a lecture half of a university in England sits a professor.
In this chapter will be found the answers to those questions.
South of the river lies a small factory.
Out rushed the children.
Away flew the plane.
2． Such 置于句首时。如:
Such was Albert Einstein ,a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。如：
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
二．部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装，这类句型主要也有三种：
1． only修饰副词，介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如：
Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only when her returned did we find out the truth.
使用特点：
（1） 在部分倒装句中，如果位于部分无助动词， 则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。
(×)Only after the war learned he the sad news.
(√)Only after war did he learn the sad news.
(2)only修饰状语从局势，从句不可倒装。
(×)Only when did he return did we find out the truth.
. (√)Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
(3) only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。
(×)Only can he answer the question.
(√)Only he can answer the question.
2. 否定副词 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等置于句首时。如：
Never before have I seen such a moving film. = I have never seen such a moving film before.
Not a single mistake did he make. = He didn’t make a single mistake.
Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.= I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.
3 六个重要的固定句型：
（1）…；so +be/have/助动词 / 情态动词/ +主语“…也是如此。”如：
They love have lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.
使用特点：
① 此句型也可写成…,and so + be /have/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，或…助动词+主语
② 如果句意不是“…也是如此”，而仅是对前内容的肯定或附和（此时的so =indeed
），那么，句子则不可使用倒装.。试比较：
A: I was afraid.(句中的I指的是说话者A)
B: So was I.
（I指的是B; 此句意为I was afraid too）
A: I was afraid. (I 指的是 A)
B: So you were.
(you指的也是A; 此句意为 Indeed you were afraid.)
在比较几个句子：
He came last night, and so did I.
她昨晚来了，我也来了。
A: It is hot A: 天真热。
B: So it is. B:的确如此
A: he is lazy. A:她真懒
B: So is she. B: 她也一样
（2）…；neither(或nor) + be/ have /助动词/情态动词 +主语“…也不这样”。
Lily can’t ride; neither(nor) can Lucy.
使用特点：
此句型也可写成。
① …；and neither（或 nor） +be/ have /助动词/ 情态动词+主语，或 … Neither(或nor) +be/have/助动词/ 情态动词+主语。
此句型中的neither(或nor)不可用so… not替代，但可用not… either改写。如：
(×)I have never been abroad.So hasn’t he.
(√)I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has he.
(√)I have never been abroad. He has never/not been abroad, either.
(3) So+ adj./adv. …that…“如此…以至于…”。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
使用特点：
在这个句型种，so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装。
（4）Neither …nor…“…不，也不…”。
由于Neither和nor都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。
（5）Not only…, but also… “不仅…而且…”.
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
使用特点：
此句型也可写成Not only… but …或Not only… but… as well的形式但引导的句子必须用正常语序。
(6) Not until…“直到…才…”。
Not until he returned did we have supper.
使用特点：
这句话可改写成We didn’t have supper until he returned.再如
Not until 10:00 in the morning can he fall asleep. =He can’t fall asleep until 10:00in the morning .
如果Not until引导的是句子，until从句的主谓不可倒装而是逐句学要倒装。
三， 形式倒装
形式上的倒装语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只要把强调的内容提至句首，主为并不倒装。 这样的结构非常多，但有三个重要的句型需要特别留意：
1． 感叹句
What an interesting talk they have!
How interesting their talk was!
使用特点：
对名词（或中心此是名词）感叹时，用what引导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用how引导 .
2. the more …the more…句型
The more you listen to English , the easier it becomes
使用特点：
（1）此句型种的 more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级，要灵活使用。如：
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
（2） 此句型中的第一个the more引导的相当于一个条件状语从句，第二个the more引导的相当于一个主句。所以 上面例句的意思实质上是 If you work hard ,you will make greater progress.
3. whatever however + adj /adv.引导的让步状语从句的举行。
GO to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford. However difficult the problem may be , we must work it out this evening.
使用特点：
（1）whatever 的后面也可以接名词受many或much修饰，则必须把whatever换成however。试比较
Whatever reasons you have , you should carry out your promise.无论你有什么理由，你都应当遵守诺言。
However many difficulties you meet with , you should try to overcome them. 无论你遇到多少困难，你应当设法克服。
（2）可以改写成而意义不变。如上句便可写成：No matter how many difficulties you meet with , you should try to overcome them.
基础题
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumpedB. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr BrownB. Mr Brown in came
C. In came heD. came in Mr Brown
3.Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling the goatB. rolled the goat
C. did the goat rollD. the goat rolled
4.—Where is my shirt, mum
—_________.
A. There is itB. There it is
C. There isD. Here is it
5. —Where is your father
—Oh, ________.
A. here he comesB. he here comes
C. here does he comeD. here comes he
6.The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an old man
B. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter
D. an old man entered
7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will esC. has comeD. there is
8.Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advisedB. advised me
C. did we adviseD. had we advised
9.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys
B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room
D. Inside the room was two boys
10. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. are hangingB. hanged
C. hangD. hangs
11._______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier
B. Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldier was
D. Among they was a soldier
12. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an old man
B. does an old man live
C. lives an old man
D. where lives an old man
13.She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of us does
B. every one of us does
C. so does every one of us
D. so do every one of us
14.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so you do
B. so he does; so do you
C. so does he; so do you
D. so does he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting.
—__________.
A. So we were
B. So we did
C. So were we
D. So did we
16.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.
A. nor will Mary
B. and Mary doesn’t
C. Mary will either
D. or Mary does
17. She is fond of cooking, _____I .
A. so amB. nor am C. neither doD. nor do
18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .
A. So it was with Engles
B. So was it with Engles
C. So was Engles
D. So did Engles
19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.
A. So does a man
B. So will a man
C. So it is with a man
D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed _______ the work that she often forgot to _____ her meals.
A. had she been in; do
B. she was in; make
C. was she in; take
D. she had been in ; have
21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him.
A. did he speak
B. did he spoke
C. spoke he
D. he spoke
22. __________ his apperance that no one could recognize him.
A. Strange so was
B. So strange was
C. Was so strange
D. So was strange
23.Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change
B. they changed
C. changed they
D. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeingB. had I seen
C. I have seenD. have I seen
25.Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watchB. are they watching
C. have they watchedD. do they watch
26.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A. the flowers were so beautiful
B. were the flowers so beautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers
D. so beautiful the flowers were
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished heB. he had finished
C. did he finishD. had he finished
28.Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into the classroom.
A. had they; thanB. they had; when
C. had they; whenD. did they; when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he madeB. does he make
C. he madeD. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit his mistake.
A. had he begunB. began he
C. did he beginD. does he begin
31. _____, I will help you with your work.
A. If I am possible B. If it possible C. If possibleD. Possible
32. —Do you follow me —Yes, _____.
A. it is good B. I will C. perfectlyD. very good
33. —How are you getting on with your work
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
A. plans B. planning C. plannedD. to plan
34. —Are you a teacher
—No, but I _____. I worked in a middle school for three years.
A. amB. will C. do D. was
35. —How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010
—There will be only a few, if _____.
A. much B. some C. anyD. many
36. —Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday
—Well, I_____, but I forgot it.
A. shouldB. must C. should haveD. must have
37. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine _____.
A. like directedB. to be directed
C. as directedD. so that directed
四.答案
1—5 CABBA 6—10 BBBDA
11—15 BCCBA 16—20 BAACC
21—25 ABADD 26—30 BDCDC
31-37 CCCDCCC
提升题：
1.------It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.
------ My God! ________ .
A.So did I B. So I did C . So were you D . So did you
2.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
3.Not a single song ______at yesterday’s party.
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing
4.________can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work
D. Now that he works hard
5.------You forgot your purse when you went out.
------- Good heavens, _________
A. So did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
6.Not only _______interested in football but _______beginning to show an interest in it.
A.the teacher himself is…all his students are
B.the teacher himself is…are all his students
C.is the teacher himself… are all his students
D.is the teacher himself…all his students are
7.Only when the war was over_______to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return
B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier
D. the young solider did return
8. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _______.
A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white
9.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_______with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled
10. Only when your identity has been checked, _______.
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow on
D. will you be allowed in
11. Nowhere else in the world _______ a better and cheaper camera than in our shop .
A. do you buy B. you can buy C. you will buy D. can you buy
12. You say he works very hard. ________and __________.
A.So he does; so do you
B.So does he : so you do
C.So he does ; so you do
D.So does he : so dp you
13. Nowhere else ___________such perfect silence _______in these mountains.
A. there is ; like B. there is ; as C. is there : as D. is there : like
14. _________entered the office he realized that he had forgotten his report.
A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had
15. -------You seem to have known all about the accident.
------- ___________
A. So I have B. So I do C. So have I D. So do I
16. So seriously _______in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once.
A. he was wounded B. was he hurt C. he did injure D. did he hurt
17. Never before in China _________for the teacher.
A. has done so much B. has been so much
C. so much has been done D has so much been done
18. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
19. She never laughed ,________lose temper.
A. or she ever did B. nor did she ever
C. or did she ever D. nor she ever did.
20. Not a single word ______at the meeting .
A. did he say B. has he said C. he said D. he has said
21. So loudly _________that everyone of the class could hear him .
A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke
22. Hardly __________when the bus suddenly pulled away
A.they had got to the bus stop
B.they got to the bus stop
C.did they get to the bus stop
D.had they got to the bus stop.
23. Only when ______possible to settle the problem.
A.does the chief editor come will it be
B.the chief editor comes will it be
C.has the chief editor come it will be
D.the chief editor comes it will be
24. __________, we would have taken raincoats with us.
A. Had we known B We had known it C .If we were known D .If we know
25. Here _______you .
A. is a ticket for B. has a ticket C. is a ticket of D. has a ticket of
26. ___________, he knows much.
A. Young he is B. Young as he is C. As young he isD. Young as is he
27._________you , I would look for such a chance.
A. If I was B. Was I C. Were I D. If I am
28. When fall comes ,________.
A. down leaves fall B. down fall leaves C. down fell leaves D. down leaves fell
29. No sooner __________the telephone rang.
A, had he got home then
B. he had got home than
C. had he got home than
D. he had got home then
30. Be quiet . ___________.
A,There comes he
B,There he comes
C,There Xiao Wang comes
D,There come Xiao wang
31________my advice , you would have failed.
A, Had you not taken
B, hadn’t you taken
C, Not you had taken
D, You hadn’t taken
32. So hard _________that he made great progress.
A. he studied B. he studies C. did he study D. does he study
答案： 1 B 2 D 3 C 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 C 9 C 10 D11 D 12 A 13 C 14 C 15 A 16 B 17 D 18 D 19 B 20 A21.A 22 C 23 B 24 A 25A 26 B 27 C28 B 29 C30 B 31 A 32 C
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