Unit2 fit for life [Reading]
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| 名称 | Unit2 fit for life [Reading] |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2009-02-25 09:55:00 | ||
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课件37张PPT。Module 7 unit2 Fit for lifeTwo life-saving medicines Period 1
Reading comprehension aspirinpenicillin How much do you know about the two medicines?
Who invented the two medicines?
What illnesses can the two medicines be used to treat ?
What are the two medicines mentioned in the article?When was one of the medicines first sold as a tablet?What did Fleming, Florey and Chain share?Skimming:Aspirin and penicillinIn 1900The Nobel Prize1. When did people find that drinking a special tea could reduce fever and pain?
2. When was ASA first made from other chemicals?
Scanning:About 3500 years ago.In 18973. What other things can ASA help with besides reducing fever and pain?
4. Where did Alexander Fleming find penicillin?
It can also help reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood, prevent a stroke, reduce the risk of colon cancer, increase the length of people’s lives and help with diabetes.In the mould that killed bacteria. 5. What illnesses can penicillin be used to treat?
6. Why were Fleming, Florey and Chain given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945?It can be used to treat bacterial illnesses and other illnesses including pneumonia.Because Fleming discovered penicillin and the others turned it into the great drug which saved millions of lives.Further reading: Read the passage again and try to fill in the form below.reduce feverhelp stop body painsreduce the risk of heart attacksprevent a stroke and help with diabetesreduce the risk of colon cancerincrease the length of people’s liveshelp in treating wounds and infectionstreat other illnesses including pneumoniaFill in the boxes.Sold in shops as a tablet19001928Discovered by Alexander FlemingWorld War IIFound new chemical techniques to purify itAll the scientists shared the Nobel Prize1945As the best-selling painkiller recorded in the Guinness Book19501971197720031900Proved to be a blood-thinning medicineUsed to prevent a strokeUsed to reduce blood sugar levelsFill in the boxes.match1. physician2. bark3. painkiller4. thinning5. contemporary6. transparent7. purify8. quantities9. widespreada. modern, of present timeb. happening in a lot of placesc. a medical doctor who does not
perform operationsd. amounts of somethinge. the skin of a treef. to make pureg. a type of medicine used to
reduce painh. clear and able to be seen throughi. making a liquid less thickFill in the blanks with the correct wordaspirin a medicine that was __________in 1897. It has saved and brought relief to millions of people’s lives. It is made from a chemical called _____and was first sold as a tablet in 1900. This was the first medicine to be sold as a standardized ______. It works by reducing fever and pain. It is now______________for reducing potential heart attacks, strokes and cancer. Many reports have been___________about how aspirin can improve people’s health.published; recommended; ASA; tablet ; inventedinventedASAtabletrecommendedpublishedFill in the blanks with the correct wordcontemporary; discovered; availablepenicillin a chemical in mould that was first __________in 1928, but it was not until World War II that penicillin was purified to be used as a medicine. It was needed as soon as it was ________because there were many people injured in the war. It was fundamental to saving many thousands of lives and is one of the most important medicines of _____________society.discoveredavailablecontemporaryDiscussion What do you think the world would be like if there were no medicines? 1. What would the world be like if the two medicines had not been discovered?
2. Do you believe that ‘wonder drugs’ will be invented to treat diseases like AIDS in the future?DiscussionHomeworkRetell the text.
Finish EX. D1 on page113 Period 2
Language points and
difficult sentencesPart 1 Aspirin1. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
1) that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
同位语从句，对probability的内容加以说明。
There is little probability that he will succeed.
2）open up 打开，打[展]开; 开办[设]; 开发[辟]; 揭开; 开口(说话), 透露; 开火
Open up. let me go in.
They decided to open up a business in the town.
A machine gun opened up.2. It was in 1897 that a European…
强调句：it is/was +被强调部分 ＋that +其它
此结构强调的成分限于主语，宾语和状语
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
直到读了你的信，我才知道实际情形。
再如：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. （注意不用when）
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. （注意不用where）强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余用that。如果被强调的部分为人称代词，且与其后从句中的动词有主谓关系，该代词要用主格，而且从句中的动词要与之保持一致，强调人称that可用who代替。
It is he who is to blame.
It is you and he who are to be sent abroad.
强调句的特殊问句结构：
疑问词+is / was + it +被强调部分+that +其它
Who was it that broke the window?
Why is it that everyone thinks I ‘m a fool?用助动词强调谓语
句子的强调句还可以用助动词do （did，does） 强调谓语。例如：
She does like this horse.她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。
3. Not only has aspirin saved many people’s lives……but also…… 倒装句
当not only…but also 连接两个句子时, not only在
句首,其后的句子要倒装。but also后的句子不倒装。
Not only does he write the words to the songs, but also he composes the music.
如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如
Not only you but also I am fond of music.其它倒装结构：
1. only 修饰的状语放在句首时，要倒装，修饰主语时不倒装。
Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得很重时，他才卧床休息。2）以否定词开头作部分倒装
Never / Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要倒装。例如：
Never shall I forget the days when we were together.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
Little did I expect to get such a warm welcome.
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.1. consider vt., vi.
1).考虑；思考 consider +n./ doing(不用to do)
We considered his suggestion.
I am considering going abroad.
We considered how we should help them.
2). 认为；以为; 将……视为(不用进行式）
consider……(to be) + n. / adj
I consider him (to be) my best friend.
I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大荣幸。
We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.)
We considered that the news was false. Part 2 Penicillin2. note vt.（常与down连用）
1). 注意； 记住，记下
Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.
请注意这张账单必须在10天之内付清。
The pupil noted what the teacher said.
学生记下了老师的话。
2). 认识；注意到
You may have noted that my address has changed.
你也许已经注意到我的地址变了。3). note n.笔记；记录；草稿；备忘录; 注释; 便条;
纸币；钞票
I didn't take any notes.
我没有记一点笔记。
Please make a note of my new address.
请把我的新地址记下来。
Mary sent her mother a note.
玛丽给她妈妈送了一个条子。
a pound note 一镑的钞票
Take / make a note of 记下 /记笔记
Take / make notes of
take note of 注意3. It was not until World War II that two other scientists …managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it.
1).在not …until 的结构中，主句为否定句，如果句子较长，习惯上常用not until强调后边情况，此时主句要倒装。
Not until I have finished my task, shall I be able to go out to the movies.
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
Not until next week will the sports meet be held.
直到下周才开运动会。
2). not until的强调结构为:
It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+...
上面三句改为强调句为:
It is not until I have finished my task, I shall be able to go out to the movies.
It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.
It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.4. manage to do She manage to survive.
try to do When we read, we should try to
guess the meaning of the words.5. due?to:??因…引起；可归于…?? 引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、定语和状语。
This?accident?was?due?to?his?carelessness.
这次事故是由于他的疏忽引起。
His?illness?was?due?to?overwork.?
他的病是由于工作过度。
?His?success?was?due?to?hard?work.?
他的成功都归功于他的努力。
The?wages?due?to?him?will?be?paid?tomorrow.??
他的工资明天支付。
He?arrived?late?due?(owing)?to?the?storm.?
由于暴风雨他来晚了。6. in large quantities= in quantity大量地
A product that is cheap can be produced in large quantities
The printing office buys paper in quantity.
短语：
a large quantity of = a large amount of
large quantities of= large amounts of
修饰名词作主语应注意动词形式；1)．a quantity of后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词。在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词通常看of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。如果是接不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式，如果是接复数可数名词，则谓语通常要采用复数形式（※偶而接单数式谓语，属非规范用法，宜慎用。）
2)．quantities of后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词,后面的谓语都用复数形式。
There is a large quantity of milk.
Besides, a large quantity of mail bags were found.
Quantities of flowers are on the table.
Great quantities of fish are caught on the high sea. 7. It was a dream come true.
dream come true是一个习惯用语，当作一个整体看，起一个名词的作用。
I know, but it’s still a dream come true.
我知道 但这终究是一个梦想实现了。
I have passed the exam. I can go to college now. It is like a dream come true.
Winning a trip to Paris is a dream come true.
通常这种情况要写成 dream-come-true. Homework:
Read the text and review the words
Reading comprehension aspirinpenicillin How much do you know about the two medicines?
Who invented the two medicines?
What illnesses can the two medicines be used to treat ?
What are the two medicines mentioned in the article?When was one of the medicines first sold as a tablet?What did Fleming, Florey and Chain share?Skimming:Aspirin and penicillinIn 1900The Nobel Prize1. When did people find that drinking a special tea could reduce fever and pain?
2. When was ASA first made from other chemicals?
Scanning:About 3500 years ago.In 18973. What other things can ASA help with besides reducing fever and pain?
4. Where did Alexander Fleming find penicillin?
It can also help reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood, prevent a stroke, reduce the risk of colon cancer, increase the length of people’s lives and help with diabetes.In the mould that killed bacteria. 5. What illnesses can penicillin be used to treat?
6. Why were Fleming, Florey and Chain given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945?It can be used to treat bacterial illnesses and other illnesses including pneumonia.Because Fleming discovered penicillin and the others turned it into the great drug which saved millions of lives.Further reading: Read the passage again and try to fill in the form below.reduce feverhelp stop body painsreduce the risk of heart attacksprevent a stroke and help with diabetesreduce the risk of colon cancerincrease the length of people’s liveshelp in treating wounds and infectionstreat other illnesses including pneumoniaFill in the boxes.Sold in shops as a tablet19001928Discovered by Alexander FlemingWorld War IIFound new chemical techniques to purify itAll the scientists shared the Nobel Prize1945As the best-selling painkiller recorded in the Guinness Book19501971197720031900Proved to be a blood-thinning medicineUsed to prevent a strokeUsed to reduce blood sugar levelsFill in the boxes.match1. physician2. bark3. painkiller4. thinning5. contemporary6. transparent7. purify8. quantities9. widespreada. modern, of present timeb. happening in a lot of placesc. a medical doctor who does not
perform operationsd. amounts of somethinge. the skin of a treef. to make pureg. a type of medicine used to
reduce painh. clear and able to be seen throughi. making a liquid less thickFill in the blanks with the correct wordaspirin a medicine that was __________in 1897. It has saved and brought relief to millions of people’s lives. It is made from a chemical called _____and was first sold as a tablet in 1900. This was the first medicine to be sold as a standardized ______. It works by reducing fever and pain. It is now______________for reducing potential heart attacks, strokes and cancer. Many reports have been___________about how aspirin can improve people’s health.published; recommended; ASA; tablet ; inventedinventedASAtabletrecommendedpublishedFill in the blanks with the correct wordcontemporary; discovered; availablepenicillin a chemical in mould that was first __________in 1928, but it was not until World War II that penicillin was purified to be used as a medicine. It was needed as soon as it was ________because there were many people injured in the war. It was fundamental to saving many thousands of lives and is one of the most important medicines of _____________society.discoveredavailablecontemporaryDiscussion What do you think the world would be like if there were no medicines? 1. What would the world be like if the two medicines had not been discovered?
2. Do you believe that ‘wonder drugs’ will be invented to treat diseases like AIDS in the future?DiscussionHomeworkRetell the text.
Finish EX. D1 on page113 Period 2
Language points and
difficult sentencesPart 1 Aspirin1. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
1) that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
同位语从句，对probability的内容加以说明。
There is little probability that he will succeed.
2）open up 打开，打[展]开; 开办[设]; 开发[辟]; 揭开; 开口(说话), 透露; 开火
Open up. let me go in.
They decided to open up a business in the town.
A machine gun opened up.2. It was in 1897 that a European…
强调句：it is/was +被强调部分 ＋that +其它
此结构强调的成分限于主语，宾语和状语
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
直到读了你的信，我才知道实际情形。
再如：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. （注意不用when）
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. （注意不用where）强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余用that。如果被强调的部分为人称代词，且与其后从句中的动词有主谓关系，该代词要用主格，而且从句中的动词要与之保持一致，强调人称that可用who代替。
It is he who is to blame.
It is you and he who are to be sent abroad.
强调句的特殊问句结构：
疑问词+is / was + it +被强调部分+that +其它
Who was it that broke the window?
Why is it that everyone thinks I ‘m a fool?用助动词强调谓语
句子的强调句还可以用助动词do （did，does） 强调谓语。例如：
She does like this horse.她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。
3. Not only has aspirin saved many people’s lives……but also…… 倒装句
当not only…but also 连接两个句子时, not only在
句首,其后的句子要倒装。but also后的句子不倒装。
Not only does he write the words to the songs, but also he composes the music.
如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如
Not only you but also I am fond of music.其它倒装结构：
1. only 修饰的状语放在句首时，要倒装，修饰主语时不倒装。
Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得很重时，他才卧床休息。2）以否定词开头作部分倒装
Never / Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要倒装。例如：
Never shall I forget the days when we were together.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
Little did I expect to get such a warm welcome.
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.1. consider vt., vi.
1).考虑；思考 consider +n./ doing(不用to do)
We considered his suggestion.
I am considering going abroad.
We considered how we should help them.
2). 认为；以为; 将……视为(不用进行式）
consider……(to be) + n. / adj
I consider him (to be) my best friend.
I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大荣幸。
We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.)
We considered that the news was false. Part 2 Penicillin2. note vt.（常与down连用）
1). 注意； 记住，记下
Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.
请注意这张账单必须在10天之内付清。
The pupil noted what the teacher said.
学生记下了老师的话。
2). 认识；注意到
You may have noted that my address has changed.
你也许已经注意到我的地址变了。3). note n.笔记；记录；草稿；备忘录; 注释; 便条;
纸币；钞票
I didn't take any notes.
我没有记一点笔记。
Please make a note of my new address.
请把我的新地址记下来。
Mary sent her mother a note.
玛丽给她妈妈送了一个条子。
a pound note 一镑的钞票
Take / make a note of 记下 /记笔记
Take / make notes of
take note of 注意3. It was not until World War II that two other scientists …managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it.
1).在not …until 的结构中，主句为否定句，如果句子较长，习惯上常用not until强调后边情况，此时主句要倒装。
Not until I have finished my task, shall I be able to go out to the movies.
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
Not until next week will the sports meet be held.
直到下周才开运动会。
2). not until的强调结构为:
It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+...
上面三句改为强调句为:
It is not until I have finished my task, I shall be able to go out to the movies.
It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.
It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.4. manage to do She manage to survive.
try to do When we read, we should try to
guess the meaning of the words.5. due?to:??因…引起；可归于…?? 引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、定语和状语。
This?accident?was?due?to?his?carelessness.
这次事故是由于他的疏忽引起。
His?illness?was?due?to?overwork.?
他的病是由于工作过度。
?His?success?was?due?to?hard?work.?
他的成功都归功于他的努力。
The?wages?due?to?him?will?be?paid?tomorrow.??
他的工资明天支付。
He?arrived?late?due?(owing)?to?the?storm.?
由于暴风雨他来晚了。6. in large quantities= in quantity大量地
A product that is cheap can be produced in large quantities
The printing office buys paper in quantity.
短语：
a large quantity of = a large amount of
large quantities of= large amounts of
修饰名词作主语应注意动词形式；1)．a quantity of后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词。在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词通常看of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。如果是接不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式，如果是接复数可数名词，则谓语通常要采用复数形式（※偶而接单数式谓语，属非规范用法，宜慎用。）
2)．quantities of后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词,后面的谓语都用复数形式。
There is a large quantity of milk.
Besides, a large quantity of mail bags were found.
Quantities of flowers are on the table.
Great quantities of fish are caught on the high sea. 7. It was a dream come true.
dream come true是一个习惯用语，当作一个整体看，起一个名词的作用。
I know, but it’s still a dream come true.
我知道 但这终究是一个梦想实现了。
I have passed the exam. I can go to college now. It is like a dream come true.
Winning a trip to Paris is a dream come true.
通常这种情况要写成 dream-come-true. Homework:
Read the text and review the words